at'D(1900)rwdkifrD twdkcsHK; &mZ0ifqef;ppfcsuf bDpD(2000) ,if;tcsdefwGif bdk;bGm;rsm;onf wdAufwdk-bm;rm;rsm;ESihf wkwfjynfajrmufydkif; uefpdk;ckrf? vefcsdKNrdKUteD;?

wmtdkacsmif;ab;0ef;usifwGif aexdkifcJhonf[k ,lq&onf/ bDpD 1027256 wkwfjynf Zdk (Jo) OD;aqmifcJhcsdef bDpD-221-207 wkwfjynf acgif;aqmif (csif;tifyg,m)csdef bDpD(4) ucsifESihf ZdkrD;wdkY aygufzGm;&mbdk;bGm;rsm;udk [efcsef; (csDtefwpfudkif;)ESihf wkwfjynf? qDZifcsef;0ef;usif aexdkifcJhMuonf/ bDpD-1 rJacgifESifh ZefoJacsmif;zsm;a'oaexdkifonf/ ysLrsm;u jrefrmjynfodkY SriKsetra NrdKUwnfaxmif/ ZdkrD;wdkYonf bk&m;BuD;&Gm wnfaxmifonf/ at'D-4 csdef ZdkrD;rsm;onf ydkufqH(wum)oHk;pGJNyD;jzpfrnf[k ,lqonf/ at'D-6csdefwGif csif;wGif; ajrjyefYa'ow0dkufwGif aexdkifcJhMuonf/ at'D-108 yk*H(Pugam) ykyg;(Pupa)awmifw0dkufwGif aexdkifNyD; (Dahpa, Penglam)wdkY acwfpm;csdef jzpfygonf/ at'D-600 csdef ysLwdkYonf jrefrmvlrsdK;jzpf? uefYZm;rsm; &efZm;rsm; zmcdkif;vlrsdK;jzpfNyD; oufvlrsdK;rsm;onf csif; (ZdkrD;) cH,lonf/ at'D-750 ZdkrD;wdkYonf rif;bl;? o&uf? atmifvH
(Myede)

1044 csdef ZdkrD;rsm; uabmfcsKdifh0Srf;a'oa&muf/ crf;ywf&Gmwnfaxmif(crf;ywfonf ZdkrD;rsdK;EG,fpk wnfaxmifaom&Gmjzpfrnf) crf;ywf&Gmonf ajrjyefYa'oESifh awmifay:a'o qufpyfaom awmifay:a'o pwif&mae&mjzpfojzihf crf;ywf[k orkwfjcif;jzpfEkdifonf/ awmifay:a'otac:

crf;ywfqdkonfrSm ZdkrD;rsm;uom ac:qdkonf/ ,if;a'ow0dkufwGif tcsdefMumjrifhpGm aexdkifMuonf/ 1084 taemf&xmrS Sukte udk tEdkif,lNyD; tpdk;&tmPm&Sdjzpfvm/ 1200-50 usefppfom; ZeD;jzpfol Thambulaonfvnf; ZdkrD;rsdK;EG,fjzpfonf/ 1254 ckESpfwkef;u uRefawmfwdkY bdk;bGm;rsm;odkY crf;ywf&GmwGif anmifyif wpfyifpdkufysKd;xm;&Sd&m ,cktcsdefxd crf;ywf&GmwGif &Sdygonf/ 1250-1300 em&oD[ywd\ZeD; rdzk&m;aqm (ZdkrD;)EG,fjzpfonf/ 1355 csif;awmifa&muf usdrfEGJ&Gm wnfaxmif/ ,if;tcsdef acgif;aqmifrsm;rSm aqmifxdk;? aqmifZm;? aqmifudyfwdkYjzpfonf/ 1364 Leng Tong Hoih tif;0 rif;uawmfjzpf/ ZdkrsdK;EG,f tudkif;ozG,f Maring rsdK;EG,fpkrsm; rPdyl&e,fa&muf&Sdrnf[k cefYrSef;um? Aef;wJh(tpyxr ckrfEGJ) pwifrnf[k cefYrSef;&onf/ 1370- at'D csif;wGif;jrpfurf; csHKEG,fa'o ZdkrD;EG,fpkrsm; &Srf;rsdK;EG,frsm;ESifh twlwuG aexdkifum ppfudkif;? rHk&Gm? 'DyJ,if;? ,if;rmyif? rif;wdkifyif? ykvJ? *efYa*g? ayguf? xD;vif;? iyJa'orsm; aexdkifNyD;? pDbmeD&Gm Zdkdk;&mewfwdkif(15)ay&Snf ,aeYxd jrifawGUEdkif/ 1400csdef aumufcif;? uav;(&mZN*dKvf&JqmZdk)a'oa&muf&Sd/ 1450-700csdefwGif ZdkrD;EG,fpkwcsdKUonf oD&yl&e,fa&mufESifh aernf[k cefYrSef;onf/ ([mvrf;? [&efaumuf? 'g&favmifudkif;yJefpojzifh)vlIdif;vifwefESifh wD,kdMum;a'o aexdkif? 1400-1500 Thang Ho & Lian Do, Cing Khup & Ngam Bawm, Gal
Ngam & Hang Sai

wdkYonf usdrfEGJ? *JvfwGD;aexdkifcJhMuygonf/

 1500? 1250-1900 udk,fhvlrsdK;ukd,fhacgif;aqmif? &GmwnfolESihf apmfbGm;rsm; acgif;aqmifNyD; tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m pmayr&Sdao;ojzihf &mZ0ifrSwfwrf;rSwf&m r&SdEdkifyg/ 1570 csdef Zosuan ''Anal'' rsm; rPdyl a&muf&Sdrnf[k ,lq&/ 1600 csdefcefY a*G;wJ yla*G;refrS wD;'drfNrdKU pwifwnf/ 1700csdef vlIdif; (Lushei) ESifh Paite vlrsdK;rsm;u wDtkdacsmif; jzwfoef;oGm;cJh/ 1720-1730 tavmif;bk&m;rif;rS csif;wyfpkaqmif;um qD;&D;,m;(Syrian)EdkifiHusL;ausmfcJhonf/ 1750-1850 xm'dk-uluD;ESifh rPdyl&e,f a&mufESifhaeonf/ Biate vlrsdK;EG,fpkonf Chachar a'oa&muf&Sdaeonf[k cefYrSef;,lq&onf/ 1775csdef vdkifrsdK;EG,fpkonf rDZdka'oe,f a&muf&SdNyD;jzpfrnf[k ,lq/ 1777 Lushei rsdK;EG,fpkwdkYonf rsdK;EG,fpktdyfaqmif(Zawlbuk Sawm) pwifNyD;jzpf/ 1800csdef csif;aqmifrsdK;EG,fpkrS ppfwaumif; usL;ausmfwdkufcdkuf/ 1813 Zma[muf? acGgifvD;wdkYESifh yl;aygif;NyD; xm'dke,f udkurf;a[mufrS odrf;ydkuftkyfpdk;? wdkifqGef;(zvrf;)EG,frS vdk;azodrf;ydkuf? wdkifqGef;rS acgqyf qufwdkuf? Zma[mufESifh acGgifvD;EG,fwdkY ppfjzpf? wdkifqGef;wdkYrS rGgvfEGrf; ppfwdkuf/ [GmvfidkESifh pkwfoJ(sukte) ppfjzpf/ 1820csdef odumawmf& Adoniram Judson ,k'oef jrefrmjynfa&muf/ olYrS yxrqHk; jrefrmjynf\ {0Ha*vdq&mjzpfonf/ 1830-850csdef [wfvefY ylref*ifh (Mangkua) wD;'drf tajcjyK/ wD;'drfe,f&Sd tm;oef&GmolBuD;ESifh

emrnfBuD;&ol(9)OD;rS wD;'drf ref*ifh([wfvefYAef;wJh) ykrf*dk- (a*G;wJ'drfyD;) tJvfxGrf; (Naulak qdkif;Zef)? 0kefYAsJvf;([wfa,m? umvvfZef)? qkef[ef(xefa'G;)? refqGrf;(axmrf;oJ? acgqyf)? rwfawGmif (galphual - xkwfvdkif)? qGif;xkwf(qkrf;anmif;vdrfcdkif)? edwfawGmif? 1856 csdef wD;'drfNrdKU jyefwnf/ rGmvfbJrf;rS wD;'drfodkY urf;a[mufonf rGvfbJrf;rS wD;'drfodkY jyefa&muf/ &GmolBuD; ylurf;a[muf? ppfa&; ylref*ifh? twGif;a&;rSL;? ylacGvrfhwdkYrS Meitei(rPdyl&f)ppfyGJtEdkif,lcJhonf/ 1856-1859 urf;a[mufESifh Za[muf vufwGJumrPdyl tkyfcsKyfcJh/ 1857 ta&SUESifh taemuf usL;ausmf ppfqifcsdefjzpf/ 1862(rD;Zdka'orS) wD;'D wkdufcdkuf&eftwGuf Meitei ppfwyf (1500)csDwufapNyD; MeiteirS ppfIH;/ ZdkrD;ESihf Meitei yxrqHk;wdkufyGJjzpfonf/ 1871 Mautam (iwfrGwfacgif;yg;)csdef yxrqkH; cHpm;&onf/ 1872 a*G;wJ apmfbGm;*dkacgxeftm; MeiteitzGJUrSzrf;qD;/ 1872csdef zdkifyD;tcsKyfcef;uG,fvGef/ 1876(yxrtBudrf Vaikhan) (t*FvdyfppfwyfLushei e,fodkY yxrqHk;0ifa&mufpD;eif;) a*G;wJ apmfbGm;ylqGrf;urf;ESifh Meitei Lengmangpa wdkYNidrf;csrf;a&;jyKvkyf? a*G;wJrsdK;EG,f (2000)cefY tifzm;a'oa&muf&SdcJhonf/ 1886Mu,fa<uESpf(3-11-1884? 1887)t*FvdyfrS csif;e,f( Zogam) pwifwdkufcdkuf/ 1888 AdkvfBuD;dkuf acgif;aqmifvsuf t*Fvdyfppfwyf uav;NrdKUa&muf&Sd/ 'kwd,tBudrf Vaikhan?

t*Fvdyfppfwyf Lushei e,f 'kwd,tBudrfusL;ausmfum aemufjyefrqkwfawmh/ 1889 AdkvfBuD; Raikes (dkufpf) csif;awmife,fum;vrf;azmuf&ef awmif;qkd/ a'ocHrsm;rScGifhrjyK/ 17-10-1929 umv ZdkrD;rsm;rS t*Fvdyf(12)OD; owfjzwf/ 122OD; t&Sifzrf;qD;/ aoewf(4)vufESifh vm;(4)aumifzrf;qD;/ qD;,if;uav;e,f usL;ausmfwdkuf/ wdkifqGef;ESihf pkwfwJvufwGJNyD; ajrjyefYa'o(Kawlzang)ppfwkduf/urf;a[mufESifhpkwfwJ yl;aygif;NyD; uHBuD;wkdufcdkuf/ qD;,if;rsdK;EG,frS t*Fvdyfvrf;vkyfom;rsm; owfjzwf/ ZdkcGg;?[m;cg;?pkwfwJyl;wGJNyD; tpdk;&tm; awmfvSefwdkufcdkuf&ef BuHpnf/ wdkifqGef;EG,f(1000)rS qDa[mif;(Sihawng)wdkufcdkuf/ AdkvfBuD; a*smh0dkufrS csif;vlrsdK;rsm; wdkufcdkuf&eftdEd,ppfwyfwyf&if;(1)&if;ESifh tmqrf(Assam) vkyfom;(Kooli) (2000)awmif; &&SdcJhygonf/ 1890 ckESpf? Zefe0g&D (23)&ufaeY qma*smh0dkuf? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;azmpf? AdkvfrSL;dkufpf xGrf;0krf;odkYa&muf&Sd/ csif;e,fwdkufcdkuf&efcsDwuf/ azaz:0g&D(4)&uf acgqyf&Gm odrf;ydkuf/ azazmf0g&D(13)&ufaeY qdkif;ZefESifh arv(4)&ufaeY &SmvfvkrfcHwyf wdkufyGJjzpf/ t*FvdyfppfAdkvf (3)OD;ESifh wyfom;(83)OD; aoqHk;cJhonf/ qm*sif(wuu)wpfOD;rS (V.C)bGJY&/ xdkrS wD;wdefqufwdkufum tvGwf (Ahawm)eJY odrf;ydkuf/ t*FvdyfzufrS (120)OD; aoqHk;NyD; (70)OD;'Pf&m&&SdcJh/ tdrfajc(200)cefY wD;wdefrS wGef;ZefodkY cdkvIHcJh/ tdrfajctm;vHk; rD;IdUNyD; Thangmual tm; ]]zdkY0Iduf}}tjzpf orkwf? rDZdk&rf awmifzufrS ]] The

0ifa&muf}} tcuftcJr&Sd vHkav;(Lunglei)0ifodrf;? 0dkif;&Hxm;cJhonf/ 1891 ck? pufwifbmvtwGif; wGef;Zef wkdufyGJjzpfNyD;aemuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;jyKvkyfcJh&m &GmvlBuD;rsm;eJYpkaygif;"gwfyHkdkufcJhMuygonf/ vlBuD;rsm;rS odem;rvnfbJ aoewfjzifh csdef&G,fonfk ,lqum aMumufvefYcJhMuonf/ atmufwdkbmvtwGif; ylacgusifhuG,fvGef? olYtpfudk\om; a[mufusifhckyfrS ylacgusifhae&mwm0ef,l? a[mufusifhckyf? xefcefYaygif? *ifhZxefwdkY &efukefodkY oGm;a&mufapcJh? t*Fvdyftpdk;&rS rDZdk&rftkyfpdk;pcsdef (25-9-1890)&ufaeY &J&ifhol acGgifcsJvmESifh ilvfabmufum wavmif; acsmif;ab; t*FvdyfrS opfowfcJh/ 1892 ck? xefwvefodrf;ydkuf&ef xGufcGgwdkufcdkufum lyD; 5000 'PfwyfcJhygonf/ 1893 ck? Zefe0g&D(27)&uf? 1929 ck ZdkrD;EG,fpktm;vHk; wpfjynfe,ftjzpf jyefaygif;&ef pDpOfcJhonf/ csif;-vlIdif;nDvmcHudk Fort William, Culculta usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ {NyDvtwGif; xefwve odrf;ydkufEdkifcJhNyD; atmufwdkbmv(9)&ufaeY ykrfhAmESifh xkwfvdkifMum;rSm NrdKUydkifvkyfBuHrIjzpfyGm;? owfypfcJhNyD; vl(3)OD;om vGwfajrmuf? t*FvdyfrS ta&SUjcrf;a'o csif;awmife,fodrf;,lcJhonf/ 1894 csif;awmif&Sd aoewftm;vHk;odrf;,l/ tvuf(7000)cefYjzpf/ uJyfwJvfodrf;ydkufNyD; atmufwdkbmvtwGif; apmfbGm;tzJGY (49)OD; &efukefodkYtac:cH/ NrdKUtm;vHk;BudK;rJhaMu;eef; qufoG,f&&Sd/ 1894-95 (1-11-1894)&ufaeY Rev. F.W. Savidge ESifh Rev. F.H. Lorrain wdkY rDZdk&rfa&muf&Sd (yxrqHk;c&pf,mefomoemjyK)jzpfcJh/ rDZdkpm A, Aw, B pwif/ Zefe0g&D-azazmf0g&D
expendition

twGif; B.S Carey rS Chin Hills ESifh rPdyl&fe,fedrdwfowfrSwfay;cJh/ Chin Hills tydkif; (3)ydkif; owfrSwf/ (wD;wdef? zvrf;? [m;cg;) 1895 ck? t*Fvdyftpdk;&rS zvrf; EdkifiHa&;twdkifyifcHcefYxm;/ zvrf;ESifh [m;cg; aMu;eef;Hk;? tcsKyfcef;? aq;HkESifh aiGwdkufzGifhvSpf? Carey ESifh Tuck rS
The Chin Hills

pmtkyfjyKpka&;om;cJh/ csif;awmifrS tcGef(wHwm;c)lyD; 17572aumufcH&&Sd/ Carey ESifh apmfbGm;rsm; Nidrf;csrf;a&;jyKvkyfNyD; e,fajrcGJjcm;owfrSwfay;um? urf;a[muftkyfcsKyfe,fajrrS (167)&Gm? pkwfwJtkyfcsKyfe,fajrrS (20)&GmESifh qD;,if;tkyfpdk;e,frS (16)&Gm owfrSwfay;cJh/ rPdyl& c&pf,mefay;ydkYoltjzpf yxrqHk; Rev. W. Pettigrew (UKhul)&GmrSm usif;ycJhygonf/ 1895 ck? t*Fvdyftpdk;&rS zvrf;odkY EdkifiHa&;twdkifyifcHcefYtyf/ zvrf;ESifh [m;cg; aMu;eef;Hk;? tcsKyfcef;? aq;HkESifh aiGwdkufzGifhvSpfay;cJhNyD; Carey ESifh Tuck wdkYrS csif;awmifordkif;jyKpk? csif;awmifrS tcGefaiG(ajrcGef) lyD; 17572 &&SdcJh/ Carey ESifh apmfbGm;rsm; Nidrf;csrf;a&;jyKvkyfum e,fajrydkif;jcm; ay;cJh/ urf;a[muftkyfpdk;e,f (167)&Gm? pkwfwJtkyfpdk;e,f (20)&m (pufwifbm 1896)? csif;awmifa'oudk t*Fvdyftpdk;&rS jrefrmjynf\ydkif;jcm;e,fajr (1)cktjzpf owfrSwfay;cJhum jrefrmjynfESifh yl;aygif;apcJh/ rDZdkbmompum; pwifcJhaomESpfjzpfygonf/ (21-8-1895) Lusei bmompum;ESifh "ropfusrf; vkumusrf;yHkESdyfcJhNyD; ta&SUESifh taemufcGJjcm;aom Lushai e,ftm; yl;aygif;cJhygonf/

 1898csif;tufOya'jyKpkNyD; Oya'ESifhtnD ,ck csif;jynfe,f? rDZdk&rf? rPdyl&awmifwef;a'orsm; tkyfcsKyfcJhNyD; apmfbGm;acwfpwifcJhygonf/ wD;wdefe,f yla[mufusifhckyf? vkrfbefe,f ylvSLrIef? zvrf;e,f ylxefusifhvsef;? [m;cg;e,f yluD,dkref;? wdkifcRef;e,frS yl<uefbdchf? rwlyD^rif;wyfe,f 0rol;armifwdkY twGif;0efBuD;BuD;qmzuf'&pfz&mZmrS wD;wdef? zvrf;? [m;cg;odkY vSnfhvnf/ rDzdkbk&m;ausmif; yxrfqHk;pwifwnfaqmufNyD; jrefrmjynf (csif;awmifa'o)ESifh rPdyle,fedrdwf owfrSwfcJhygonf/ 1899 (2-4-1898)aeY rDZdk&rf pwifausmif;zGifhvSpfcJh/ rDZdkbmompum;jzifh "ropfusrf; (vlum ESifha,m[ef)NyD;pD;cJh/ t*FvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;udk rvdkvm;ojzifh ZdkrD;acgif;aqmifrsm;rS t*Fvdyfudk awmfvSef&ef jyKvkyfpOf t*FvdyfvlrsKd;rsm;rS ZdkrD;acgif;aqmifrsm; nif;yef;ESdyfpufcJh/ ylxGrfaxmif; (tcsKyfxJuG,fvGef)? yludkifoG wpfoufwpfuRef;axmifcscJhaomfvnf; ylxGrfaxmif;ESifhom; uG,fvGefonfhtcg jyefvnfvGwfajrmufapcJhNyD; uyfwJvf&GmrS ZrfyD;&Gmudk 1909 ckESpf pwif &GmwnfcJhonf/ ylwmefaygif'gvf; (tcsKyfxJuG,fvGef)? ylilvfblvf (t*FvyfrSowf)? 1900 csif;awmif c&pf,mefbmompwif ,HkMunfcJh/ yxrqHk;"rpwifydkYaqmifol Rev. A.E Carson ESifh ZeD; rwfv(15)&ufaeYu [m;cg;a&muf&Sd? ylaygifusifha[mufpwifwDxGifonfh vdkifyDtefbmomESifh

ZdkrD;bmompum;pwifjcif;? ZdkrD;rsm; pwifrIpwifjcif;? bmomopfrsm; vufcH,HkMunfh? ylaygifusifh a[mufrS Asm'dwflygHk&&Sd/ Mr. BS Carey rS apmfbGm;rsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;jyKvkyfNyD; EGm;aemuf vnfyif;jzwfowf? yla[mufusifhckyfapmfbGm;tjzpfcefYtyfNyD; rDZdke,f Mimbung &Gm a*G;wJ&GmolBuD; urf;ZrefemrnfBuD;acwfpm;csdefjzpfNyD; tdkufaZmvfcdkifESifh wD;wdefrS t*FvdyfvlBuD; Dickman wdkYonf Mimbung a&muf&SdcJhygonf/ Lushai e,fESifh csif;awmifwef;e,fedrdwftwnfjyKowfrSwfcJhonf/ 1901 Lushai e,fyxrqHk;oef;acgifpm&if;rSm vlOD;a&(82434)OD;jzpfNyD; ydkufwJpum;oHk;(2870) &Sdygonf/ 1904 ck? Dr. E.H. East wdkYvifr,m; [m;cg;tajccs/ ZdkrD;rsm; ykvdyf(&J)yxrqHk;0ifa&mufcsdef? ZdkrD;ykvdyfpwifwnfaxmif? uRefzsufodrf;? csif;e,f jrefrmpmoifausmif;zGifhvSpf? xGrf;[efESifh aygifqGif;ESpfjcif;cH,l? Lushai e,f L.P. ausmif;yxrqHk;pmar;yGJusif;ycJhonf/ c&pf,mefbmomt& oefY&Sif;aomvufxyfxdrf;jrm;olpHkwGJrSm [&efqdkif;yDG;tmESifh qdkif;refvseftD;wdkYjzpfygonf/ 1906 Lushai a'o Oykwfpmajzausmif; pmar;yGJ yxrqHk;jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ 1907 csif;awmife,ftm;vHk;ESpfjcif;c&pf,mefe,fpnf;a0; yxrtBudrfudk [m;cg;jyKvkyfcJh/ ZdkrD;(csif;awmife,f)yxrqHk;odumawmf&q&mtjzpf xGrf;[efay;cJhNyD; rPdyl&jynfe,f Durbar rS pwifonf/ 1910 ckESpf Rev. J.H.Cope ESifhZeD; wD;wdefa&muf&Sd/ Rev. Joseph Herbert Cope rS wD;wdef?

zvrf;pmvHk;aygif; wDxGifay;cJh/ Dr. J.H.Woodin ESifhZeD; [m;cg;odkYa&muf&Sd/ aygifusifha[muftzJGY ]]vdkif;yDtef}}pwifwnfaxmif? csif;awmife,f uRefpepfzsufodrf;? &Gmcsif;qufe,fedrdwfowfrSwfcJh/ (arv 7 &uf) Dr. Peter Fraser ESifh Waatkin Robert rPdyl&e,fc&pf,mefpwifa&muf/ Senvon&Gmtajccs/ Lushai a'o Presbyterian toif;awmfpnf;a0;BuD; yxrqHk;usif;y/ tdkufaZmvf yxrqHk;aps;pwifzGifhvSpfcJhcsdefjzpfygonf/ 1911 ck? csif;awmifoef;acgifpm&if; wD;wdeftkyfcsKyfe,fajr(wGef;Zeftygt0if) vlOD;a&(300000) aexdkifNyD; Lushai EG,frSm vlOD;a&(98406)OD;&Sdum Paite rsKd;EG,f (10460)OD;aexdkifcJhygonf/ 1913 ck? wD;wdefrS txufcsif;wGifcdkif jynfolY&J vl(15)OD; 0ifa&mufapcJhNyD; csif;awmif(Zdk*rf)rSm tmvl;? BuH? opfyifrsm;ESifhtrsKd;rsKd;pdkufysKd;&ef pwifapcJh/ avomawmif aps;zGifhvSpf/ zvrf; pufrIausmif;rS tkwfcJxkwfvkyf&efoifMum;rIrsm; pwifcJhygonf/ 1914 ck? yxrurmppfpwifNyD; wD;wdef owif;xkwfjyefrIpwifcJhygonf/ 1914 ck? rPdyl&e,f qdrfhaZmvf&Gm rPdyl&jynfe,f? Durbar 'k-orwonf tdkufaZmvfe,f Hk;tkyfBuD;ESifh wD;wdefe,frS vufaxmufHk;tkyfBuD;wdkYonf e,fedrdwfudpaqG;aEG;rIjyKvkyfcJh/ rDGaZmvf&Gm ylaygifcif;rS tcGefray;aqmifvdkonfhtwGuf zvrf;e,f ajymif;a&TU&ef apcdkif;cJh/ ZdkrD;rsm; yvdyf(&J) vkyfief;oifMum;apcJhNyD; vufcHEdkif&ef t&nftcsif;rsm;&Sdojzifh qufvufoifMum;ap&ef tpDtpOf

&Sdygonf/ [m;cg;e,f ZeD;armifESH tcsif;csif;owfjzwfrI&SdcJh/ 1915 ckESpf? wD;wdefbmompum;ESifh "ropfusrf; &SifroJpmtkyfpwifyHkESdyfcJhygonf/ 1915-16 ck? [m;cg;e,f <uufaomif;usef;rIaMumifh iwfrGwfacgif;yg;rIcHpm;/ rDZdkbmompum;ESifh "ropfusef;wpftkyfvHk;yHkESdyfxkwfa0EdkifcJhygo nf/ 1917 ckESpf? jyifopfapvTwfrIESifhyxrurmppf/ csif;vkyfom;tzGJY (Chin Labour Corps)*smrefppf jzpfyGm;/ arv(25)&ufaeY jyifopfjynfodkY ZdkrD;trsKd;om;(1000)OD; wD;wdefrS pwifapvTwfxGufcGgcJh/ jyifopfa&muf csif;tzJGYonf vef'efNrdKUodkY vSnfhvnfoGm;a&muf/ jyifopftvkyform;&SmazGa&;tzJGYrS apmfbGm; yla[mufusifhckyfrS vlajrmufrsm;pGm jyifopfodkY apvTwfEdkifonfhtwGuf t*Fvdyftpdk;&rS csD;jrifhonfhbGJY (KSM)csD;jrifhcJh/ vltrsm;pkonf ajrjyefYa'oodkY ajymif;a&TUaexdkifcJhcsdefjzpfonf/ 1918 ck? yxrurmppfNyD;qHk;/ jyifopfodkY roGm;vdkonfh xmh'dkESifh [m;cg;wdkYrS tpdk;&udkawmfvSef/ atmufwdkbmvtwGif; jyifopfoGm;onfhtzJGY jyefvnfa&muf&Sd (21)OD;aoqHk;um jyifopfEdkifiHwGif oN*FKvfjryfESHcJhygonf/ 1918 ck? wD;wdefNrdKUumuG,fa&;&J (Military Police)wyf&if; (3)ck? [m;cg; wyf&if;(3)ckESifh uav; wyf&if;(3)ckcsxm;/ wD;wdefe,f Labour CorptzJGY yk*Kdvf(6)OD;rS "g;&SnfwpfvufpD csD;jrifhcH&onf/

 1919 ck? t*Fvdyftpdk;&acwf? xmh'dkESifh [m;cg;wdkYtm; a[mufusifhckyfrS ESpfzufESpfOD;aphpyfjzefajz ay;&m atmifjrifcJh/ csif;e,fESifhdEIdif;aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf 1920 ck? arvwGif arNrdKU(,ck jyifOD;vGif) tpnf;ta0;usif;yjyKvkyfcJhNyD; tmqrf(Assam)e,fudk,fpm; Lushai Superintendent wufa&mufcJh/ csif;awmif ausmif;om; (1712)OD;&Sd/ a[mufusifhckyfonf olYom; ykrfhZref\ulnDyHhydk;rIaMumifh udpt00tm;vHk;aqmif&GufEdkifonfhtwGuf ESpfvHk;jyL;aoewf(Revolver)wpfvuf tpdk;&u csD;jrifhcJh/ Labour Corp aumif;rGefpGm vkyfudkifaqmif&GufonfhtwGuf vSL&frIeftm; ATM csD;jrifhjcif;cH&/ 1920 wyfxJpwif0ifa&mufcsdefjzpf/ [m;cg;bmompum;ESifh 0rf;ajrmufbG,fowif;ESifh wrefawmf 0wKusrf;pmyHkESdyfxkwfa0cJh/ jrefrmjynf vGwfvyfa&;vdkvm;csuf ydkrdkjyif;xefvm/ Paite bmom pum;ESifhc&pf,mefoDcsif;oHk;pGJ&ef pwifoHk;pGJcJhygonf/ 1921 csif;e,foef;acgifpm&if; wD;wdefe,f(wGef;Zeftyg) tdrfajc (5045)ESifh vlOD;a& (36048)&Sd/ csif;e,f oD;ESHrxGufonfhtwGuf Lushai e,ftrsm;tjym;a&TUajymif;aexdkif/ tdEd,tpdk;&rSvnf; 4^70 csif;dkifz,fwyfzGifhvSpf&ef qE&Sd/ zvrf;NrdKU ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJusif;yum jrefrmpmudk Zdkbmompum;ESifh vJvS,foHk;pGJ&ef tm;vHk;oabmwlcJh/ Zdkbmompum;ESifh owif;vTmwpfapmif pwifjzefYa0cJhygonf/

 1921 ck? jrefrmjynf ppfwyfpwifzGJUpnf;/ Asmvf;eef odumawmf&bdodufcefYtyfcH&? csif;e,f yxrqHk;aom odumawmf&q&mawmfjzpfcJhygonf/ 1922 ck? csif;jynf bmompum;trsdK;rsdK;jzihf pmoifMum;cJhjcif;aMumifh tcuftcJrsm;pGmESihf BuHKawGU cHcJh&onf/ bmompum;(1)rsdK;wnf;a&G;NyD; oifMum;&ef a&mrAsnf;tu&mjzihf yHkESdyfpmtkyfxkwfa0&ef tpdk;&rS aumfrwDzGJUpnf;cJh/ vdk;azaus;&GmolBuD; ckyfvsef;onf *kPfjyKaoewfwpfvufESifh rSwfwrf;vTmcsD;jrifhcHcJh&ygonf/ 1923 ck? csif;rsdK;EG,fvlOD;a& (300000)xJrS (2351)onf pmzwfwwf/ ZdkrD;rsm;onf pmrawmfjcif; r[kwfbJ roifMum; rwufa&mufEdkifjcif;om jzpfonfudkawGU&Sd&ygonf/ 1925 ck csif;pm(Zolai)pwifoifMum;/ jrefrmpmzsufodrf;NyD; csif;pmpwif/ a':wmpD,lStraitESihf ZeD;csif;e,fa&muf&Sd/ umodkvdyfbmom rDZdk&rfjynfe,f pwif0ifa&mufcJhcsdefjzpfygonf/ 1928 ck? csif;e,f csif;trsdK;om;GefYaygif;ygwD pwifwnfaxmifzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ 1930 jynfhESpf tifzm;(Lamka)&Gmudk zkefacgxef(a*G;wJ)ESifh Zifh[ef(AmvfwJ)wdkYrS pwif&Gmwnf/ Lushei e,f ocsKif;*lrSwfwdkif pwifwnfaxmifonf/ 1931 ck? yg;aygifusifha[mufbmomESihf awmifay:a'oem pwifyHkESdyf/ a[mufZusifhaygifrS (10)wef;atmif/ csif;jynfe,frS yxrqHk; q,fwef;atmifoljzpfcJhonf/ 1932 ck? wD;wdefpum;ESihf "ropfusrf; pwifyHkESdyfcJhonf/ 1933ckrS ZdkrD;rsm; EdkifiHa&;pdwf"gwfpwif/ csif;nDGwfa&;tpnf;tHk;pwifzGJUpnf;/ CUOrS &efukef&Sd

t*Fvdyftpdk;&xHodkY vdkvm;csuf(9)csufyg rSwfwrf;wifoGif;cJhonf/ 1935 ck? zvrf;txufwef;ausmif; pwifzGifhvSpf/ vlIdif; vli,ftzJGYtpnf (1947 ckESpfrS rDZdk vli,ftzJGYtpnf;jzifhjyifqif)pwifzJGYcJhonf/ 1937 ck? t*Fvdyftpkd;&rS jynfr (jrefrm)ESifh awmifwef;a'oe,fedrdwfowfrSwfum Zdke,f(csif;e,f) ESpfjcrf;uGJ/ 'kwd,urmppfpwifcsdefjzpfygonf/ (11-6-1938)&ufaeY [m;cg; a'gufwmckwfuG,fvGef/ OD;&SmufvS,f bDatbGJU&/ csif;e,f yxrqHk;bGJU&oljzpf/ OD;vrf;Z[ef(wD;wdef)rS armfawmfum;ydkif&Sifjzpfum csif;e,f yxrqHk; um;ydkif&SifjzpfcJhygonf/ t*Fvdyftpdk;&udk awmfvSefacgif;aqmifol ylaqGmif;acgurf;onf rauG;NrdKUuG,fvGefcJhygonf/ 1939 ck? Rev.F.O Nelson ZeD;armifESHwdkY wD;wdefa&muf/ CUO acgif;aqmiftm;vHk;zrf;qD;NyD; axmifxJcscH&onf/ 1940jynfh Paite bmomESifh "rusrf;pmtkyf OD;qHk;xkwfa0cJh/ Tanchinhoih a,m[efusrf; Rev.edef;ZusifhrS bmomjyef/ [m;cg;bmomESihf "ropfusrf;tm;vHk;yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhygonf/ 1942ck Mo*kwfv *syefrsm; csif;awmifa&muf&Sd tajcukyf/ *syefppfwyf(75000)OD; jrefrmjynf0if/ jrefrmppfwyf(402300)a,muf tdEd,EdkifiHodkY ckdvIH(xGufajy;)/ csif;wyfpwifzGJUpnf;/ avqefawmif vufeuf(aoewf) roHk;bJ"g;wkdufyGJjzpf/ *syefppf(150)'Pf&m&NyD; rsm;pGmtoufqHk;IH;/ csif;e,f *syefwyftm; ulnDawmfvSef&ef t*Fvdyftpdk;&rS csif;avwyfpwifzGJUpnf;/ *syeftultnDjzihf t*Fvdyfwyftm; awmfvSef&ef csif;umuG,fa&;wyf(CDA)zGJUpnf;/ Paite bmomESifh c&pf,mefoDcsif;pmtkyfxkwfa0EdkifcJhonf/ 1943 ck? wD;wdef? [m;cg;ESifh zvrf; *syefrS odrf;ydkufcJhygonf/

 1944 ck? rwfv *syefwyf arG&ef(Moirang) a&muf/ tifzm;tm; ae&mrS vSrf;awGUcJh/ az^rwf^{NyD twGif; &cdkife,f *syefwyf (5000)owfjzwf/ pkyfwJvGwfajrmufa&;wyf (SIA)zJGYpnf;/ *syefwyf aemufjyefqkwf (50000)ausmftoufqHk;cJhonf/ 1945ck 'kwd,urmppfNyD;qHk;/ UNO pwifwnfaxmif/ tm&fwGrfrIef;rS Chin Rural and Education Uplift Society wnfaxmifcJhygonf/ 1946 ck? Rev.R.G.Johnson ESihf ZeD; [m;cg;a&muf/ S.T. Hau Go rS K.A(r'&yf)atmifjrif/ csif;e,frS yxrqHk;bGJUvGef&oljzpf/ Khamtung Suahtak Vaihawm Pawlpi ygwDwnfaxmif/ acgif;aqmifrsm;tjzpf ylxefacgudkif;? ylaqmifxJtdk? ylxefZudkif;? ylvefYacgxef/ Thuhoih
Vaihawm Pawlpi ygwD

pwifwnfaxmif/ acgif;aqmifrsm;tjzpf yl0kefYZcrf? yla[mufZvsef;? ylwGvefY/ jrefrmrS vGwfvyfa&;&,l&ef &nf&G,fcsufESifhtnD csif;vlrsdK;rsm;a&SUvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&ef ZdkrD;? &Srf;? ucsifwdkY The Supreme Council Of The United Hill People(SCOUHP)qdkonfh aygif;pnf;a&;tzGJU/ jrefrmacgif;aqmif atmifqef;rS vGwfvyfa&;awmif;qdk&ef vef'efodkYoGm;/ awmifay:wdkif;&if;om; rsm;oabmwlnDrIryg&Sdygojzifh ratmifjrif/ Lushei a'o politcal ygwD(vldkif;a'oEdkifiHa&;ygwD) OD;pGm rDZdk Union wnfaxmifonf/ 1947ck csif;-jrefrm Unity Pillar xD;vif;pzGJUcJh/ yifvHknDvmcH jrefrmESihf vGwfvyfa&;&,l&ef oabmwlnDcsufvufrSwfxdk;/ csif;e,fudk,fpm;vS,f ylaxmif;Zckyf? ylvI&frIef;ESifh yluD,dkref;wdkYyg0if/ jrefrmjynf Oya'a&;qGJa&;tzGJUa&G;aumufyGJusif;y/ KSVP rS ylrefwHk;EHI;ESihf CNU rS

yl0rol;armifwdkYyg0if/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifrIjzihf jrefrmjynfConstitution Drafting Committee (Oya'rlMurf;a&;qGJa&;aumfrwD)zGJUpnf;/ ZdkrD;ukd,fpm; ylrefwHk;EIH;ESihf ylqm0pfyg0if/ wD;wdef txuzGihfvSpf/ THUKITUAHNA qdkponfh owif;vTmpwif/ Zdkynma&;bkwfzGifhvSpf/ wD;wdef usrf;pmoifausmif;zGihfvSpf/ R. Thang Hawng rS zvrf; csif;e,f D.C wm0ef,l/ Siamsin Pawlpi (SSPP)Zefe0g&D(13)&ufaeY aqGmif;yD;&Gm zGJUpnf;/ yxrqHk; Ou| a'gufwmvsef;crf(Samte)jzpf/ rDZdk&rfrS jrefrmESifhaygif;pnf;&ef vdkvm;olUnited Mizo Freedom Organizaion (UMFO)pzGifh/ rPdyljynfe,fvlOD;a& Manipur State Hill Peoples(Administration)
Regulation Act

Oya'jyKpkcJhonf/ (4-1-1948)ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHvTwfvyfa&;&&SdNyD; csif;0daoowdkif;onf jrefrmEdkifiHESifhqifhwleD;yg; tmPm&/ ZBC xJrS TBA, FBA, HBA pzJGY/ ZdkHk; (csif;a&;&maumifpD)&efukefzGifhvSpf/ csif;(Zdk)e,f vlxkoabmwlnDcsuf(vdkvm;csuf)jzifh apmfbGm;tmPmpGefYvTwf/ Zefe0g&D(22)&ufaeY 0efBuD;csKyfHk;tpnf;ta0;wGif ylrefwHk;EHk;rS csif;tufOya'ESifhtnD tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mvlxkqE aumuf,la&;vdktyfcsufwifjycJh/ 1948 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (5)&ufaeY ,if;Oya'ESifhtnD apmfbGm; tkyfpdk;rIvlxkqEaumuf,l&ef aumfrwDzJGYpnf;/ AdkvfBuD;refwHk;EHk;rS CHIN PEOPLES FREEDOM LEAGUE (CPFL)zGifh/ (csif;vlrsKd;rsm;vGwfvyfa&;tzJGYcsKyf) rDZdk&rf EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf yxrqHk; rDZdkA[dktzJGY zJGYpnf;cJhonf/

 (27-7-1949)&ufaeY ydkufonf;trsKd;om;aumifpDudk wefEGrf;&Gm wnfaxmifNyD; Ou|tjzpf ylwDxefcdkif? rPdyl&? tdEd,TefYaygif;ESifhaygif;pnf;cJhonf/ 1950 jynfhESpf? Lushai e,f Paite Federation pwifwnfaxmif/ Council of Baptist Churches in North East India (CBCNEI)pwnf/ q&m S.T Hau Go rS MRE,
Colgate Rochester Theological College, USA

rSqGwfcl;/ ydkufonf;bmomESifh "ropfusrf;ESifh qmvHpmtkyf odumawmf&q&medef;ZusihfrS bmomjyefNyD;pD;cJhonf/ 1951 ckESpf? zvrf;bmomESifh "ropfusrf;pwifyHkESdyf? ,HkMunfolvli,ftzJGY pwnfcJhonf/ 1952 ck? ZBC (Zomi Baptist Convention)pzJGY/ LUNGVAKNA ac:owif;vTmpwifxkwfa0/ csif;awmifausmif;om;rsm;or*r*Zif;pyHkESdyf/ rDZdkcdkifaumifpD pzJGYpnf;ygonf/ 1953 ck? Falam Theological School pwifzGifhvSpf/ {NyD(1)&ufaeY tdkufaZmvfESifh vHkav;Mum; um;vrf;ayguf/ rwf(3)&ufaeY tifAm; ydkufonf;vli,ftoif; pwifwnfaxmifNyD; Ou|tjzpf ylwD0kef&SrfrS pwifaqmif&GufcJhygonf/ 1954 ckESpf? C.K. Taikwel rS M.Sc (USA) atmifjrif/ csif;e,frS yxrqHk;jzpfcJh/ Lushai Hills udk Mizo District tjzpf ajymif;vJowfrSwf/ rDZdk&rf uRefudpzsufodrf;cJhygonf/ 1955 0krf;acga[mufrS oHtrwfBuD;&&Sd/ awmifay:wdkif;&if;om;rsm;xJrS yxrqHk;oHtrwf jzpfygonf/ 1956 ckESpf? rPdylaus;&GmtmPmwnfaxmifaom{&d,mOya' jyXmef;cJhygonf/ 1957 ck? CNU ESihf CPFL aygif;pnf;NyD; csif;trsdK;om;tpnf;tHk;(Chin National Organization)

CNO[korkwf/

AdkvfBuD;refwHk;EIH;rS Ou|tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1958ck (BCM-Baptist Church Of Manipur) rPdylESpfjcif; c&pf,meftoif;pwif/ q&murf;acgxefrS B.Th atmifjrif/ csif;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfudk ylwGefUcdkykrf;(bdkifoJ)rS pwnfaxmif/ 1960jynfh a'gufwmckwf a&T&wk*sLbvD wD;wdefjyKvkyf/ csmvmcsefyl&fESpfjcif;c&pf,meftzGJU pwifwnfaxmif/ arv(30) PNC Ou| ylT. *dkcif;aygifESifh twGif;a&;rSL; yl S.0kefacgrf;wdkY OD;aqmifrIjzihf tdEd,0efBuD;csKyf ylyef'pf*sm[m&mvfe,f*l;xHodkY Re-Unification Of Chin People Of India and Burma Under One Country acgif;pOfwyfNyD; ZdkrD;tm;vHk;twGuf cdkifvm;^wdkif;vm;^vlrsdK;vm;^qdkonfh acgif;pOfwyfNyD;? ,if;wGif pkaygif;NyD; awmif;qdk&ef memorandum wifoGif;/ rPdyle,f ajr,mESihf tcGefqdkif&mOya'jy|mef;/ (Manipur Land Revenue and
Reform Act)

1961 ckESpf? rDZdk&rf uGef*&ufygwDESifh rDZdktrsdK;om;wyfOD;(MNF)zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ 1962 ck? Chin Affair Council aumifpDudk Chin Supreme Council aumifpDtjzpf ajymif;vJ/ jrefrmjynf qdk&S,fvpftpdk;&pwifzGJUpnf;/ rDZdk&rf PaitetrsdK;om;aumifpD(PNC) ylcefYusifh acgif;aqmifNyD; zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ 1963ck? tdkifaZmvf vQyfppfrD;pwifoHk;pGJ/ 'DZifbm(11)&uf tdEd,tpdk;&u rPdyl? ydkufonf; rsdK;EG,frsm;tm; rsKd;EG,fpktjzpf xnfhoGif;cJhonf/ 1964 ck? rDZdkcdkif(MLA) bye-election MNF ESifh PNC yl;wGJ/ c&pf,mefowif;vTm (EBCrPdyl) pwifcJh/ jrefrmjynf(United Communist Freedom Organization (ACFO)pwifzGJUpnf;NyD;

'k-rSL;BuD;qGefcdkaygif? yl'rfacga[muf? ylrefcefYaygif? yl[&efaemvf? ylqGefusifhvsef;ESifh ylxGmvfZifhwdkY OD;aqmif/ ACFO tzGJUonf rPdyl&Sd ZdkrD;acgif;aqmif wGefUacgaygifESifh vufwGJNyD; Zdktpdk;&-United Chin FovernmenttzGJU zJGYpnf;cJh/ ylwGefYacgaygifrS 0efBuD;csKyf? AdkvfrSL;BuD; ylqGefacgaygifrS umuG,fa&;0efBuD;? yl[&efaemvfrSm EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm; toD;oD;&&SdcJhonf/ 1965 ck? PNC-HQrS &Smvfudkif;xef? ydkufonf;trsdK;om;aumifpD\ awmif;qdkcsuf
(Memorandum)

tpdk;&xHwdkifMum;/ rDZdkckdif 'k-rif;BuD; yl K.Saigal IAS rS &Smvfudkif;xefwpf0dkuf MNF onf tdEdtpdk;&xH vGwfvyfa&;&&dSa&; Memorandum wifjy/ wD;wdefESihf wGef;ZeftkyfcsKyfe,fajr tdrfajc(10649)ESifh vlOD;a&(84553)OD;&Sdonf/ 1966 ck? rwf(1)&ufwGifMNFrS rDZdk&rfvGwfvyfa&; zGihfvSpf rDZdk&rfrNidrfoufrIpwif/ tpdk;&rS t*Fvdyfw&m;a[mq&mrsm;rS ESpfoufonfhtwGuf omomemjyKrsm;jyef/ ydkufonf;trsdK;om;aumifpD awmif;qdkcsuft& PNC ESihf Patasker aumfr&SiftzGJU tdkufaZmvf aqG;aEG;/ csif;trsdK;om;tpnf;tHk;udk ZdkrD;trsdK;om;wyfOD;tjzpf ajymif;vJcJhygonf/ 1968 ck? a'ghpGef;rS r[mbGYJatmif? csif;e,f trsKd;orD;yxrqHk;aom r[mbGYJ&&Sdoljzpfygonf/ 1969 ckESpf? csif;a&;&mpnf;vHk;a&;tzJGY acgif;aqmif AdkvfrSL;BuD;qGefacgaygif? yl[&efaemvf? yl'rfacga[muf? yldkxefwdkY zrf;qD;jcif;cHum jrefrmtpdk;&xHtyfESH/ yl*Refrefwvdef;wdkYacgif;aqmifrIjzifh csif;'Drdkua&;pDygwD pwifwnfaxmifcJhygonf/ 1970jynfhESpf ydkufonf;bmomjzifh usrf;pmtm;vHk; yHkESdyfNyD;pD;cJhygonf/

 1971 ck? rPdyle,f{&d,m cdkifaumifpDtuf jyKpkcJhonf/ 1972 ck? rDZdk&rfydkifqdkif&me,fajr&&Sd/ rPdylrS jynfe,ftqifh owfrSwf&&Sd/ Zefe0g&D(21)aeY rPdyl-'dkifZef&Gm ZdkrD;trsKd;om;aumifpDpwifwnfaxmifNyD; Ou|tjzpf yl;wD*dk*ifhESifh twGif;a&;rSL; yl;tufpfxefcefY*ifh (idkufoJ)wdkY pwifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1973 {0Ha*vduGefzifh&Sif;toif;tm; tifzm;NrdKU pwifcJhonf/ (3-1-1974)&ufaeY csif;awmifwef;tm; csif;jynfe,fjzpf/ a'gufwm0rfudka[mrS Ph.D bGJU&/ csif;jynfe,f bmoma&;Edk;Mum;wuf<urI pwifcJhcsdefjzpfygonf/ 1975 ck? ZdkrD;pmaytESpf(50)jynfh wvefEGrf;&Gm usif;y/ ZdkrD;pmaytESpf(50)jynfhtxdrf;trSwf r*Zif;xkwfa0/ rDZdk&rf jynfolYuGefz&ifhygwD (,ck MPC)pwifzGJUpnf;/ 1976 ck LUNGDAMNA AW H pmapmif pwifxkwfa0cJhonf/ 1977 ck? wD;wdef"rusrf;NyD;pD;/ jrefrmwyfrawmfESifh CNA (cdkifrdk;vif;)tzGJU Aef;wJh&GmESifh qdkif;Zef0ef;usif jyif;xefpGmwkdufyGJjkzpfyGm;cJhNyD; CNAwyfom;(60) Aef;wJh&Gm rqvxH tvif;0if? tm;vHk;owfypfjcif;cH&/ (46)OD; uav;axmifydkYum (4)OD; 'Pf&m&&SdcJhonf/ (10-4-1980)aeY awcef;&Gm ydkufonf;rsdK;EG,facgif;aqmifrsm; pkpnf;um rDZdk&rfydkufonf; tpnf;tHk;(MPO) aygif;pnf;a&;wnfaxmif/ ylxefZuyf yxrqHk; Ou|jzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf/

 1903 ck? omoemjyKpmoifausmif; yxrqHk; [m;cg;zGifhvSpf/ ydkufonf; &Sif;wHk;Adkvf AsJmvf;zkef; Tombing ESihf Rev.David E.Jones wdkYrS jyKvkyf/ wD;wdef (4)wef;ausmif; pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/