POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH

JABATANKEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK
Pengenalan Kepada Pembezaan
1. Note Penting:

n
x
1

n
nx
dx
d
}ji! i! ungkapan
n
x "!! #i$! #e%! it! !!n t&$i'
dx
d

n
x y
1

n
nx
dx
dy
}ji! i! persamaan
n
x y "!! #i$! #e%! it! !!n t&$i'
dx
dy

( )
n
x x f

( )
1
'

n
nx x f
} ji! i! fungsi
( )
n
x x f
"!! #i$! #e%! it! !!n t&$i'
( ) x f '
Pembezaan Prinsip Pertama
1. Ji! ( ) x f y ( "!!

dx
dy

( ) ( )
x
x f x x f

+
). So!$!n *onto+
!. ( ) x x f
( ) x f '
( )
x
x x x

+

x
x x x

+

x
x

1
#. ( ) x x f 3
( ) x f '
( )
1
]
1

+
x
x x x

3 3

1
]
1

+
x
x x x

3 3 3

1
]
1

x
x

3
3
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
1
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
1. ( )
2
x x f
( ) x f '
( )
1
]
1

+
x
x x x

2 2

1
]
1

+ +
x
x x x x x

2 2 2
2

1
]
1

+
x
x x x

2
2

x
x
x
x x

2
2
+

[ ] x x + 2

[ ] 0 2 + x
x 2
2. ( )
2
2x x f
( ) x f '
( )
1
]
1

+
x
x x x

2 2
2 2

( )
1
]
1

+ +
x
x x x x x

2 2 2
2 2 2

1
]
1

+ +
x
x x x x x

2 2 2
2 2 4 2

x
x x x

2
2 4 +

x
x
x
x x

2
2 4
+

x x 2 4 +

( ) 0 2 4 + x
x 4

e. 1 3
2
+ + x x y
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
2
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x

dx
dy

( ) ( ) ( )
x
x x x x x x

1 3 1 3
2 2
+ + + + + +

( )
x
x x x x x x x x

1 3 1 2 3
2 2 2
+ + + + +

x
x x x x x x x x

1 3 1 3 6 3
2 2 2
+ + + + +

x
x x x x

+ +
2
3 6

x
x
x
x
x
x x

+ +
2
3 6
1 3 6 + + x x


( ) 1 0 3 6 + + x


1 6 + x

3. ( )
x
x f
1

( ) x f '
x
x x x

1 1

+

( )
( )( ) x x x x
x x x

+
+

( ) x x x x
x

2

x x x +

2
1

( ) 0
1
2
x x +

2
1
x

g. x y

dx
dy

x
x x x

+
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
3
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x

x x x
x x x
x
x x x
+ +
+ +

( ) x x x x
x x x
+ +
+

( ) x x x x
x
+ +

x x x + +
1

( ) x x + + 0
1

x x +
1

x 2
1
+. 1 + x y

dx
dy

( )
x
x x x

1 1 + + +

( )
x
x x x

1 1 + + +

( )
( ) 1 1
1 1
+ + + +
+ + + +
x x x
x x x

( ) 1 1
1 1
+ + + +
+ +
x x x x
x x x

1 1
1
+ + + + x x x

1 1 0
1
+ + + + x x

1 2
1
+

x
4. So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1.
2
5x y ). 3
2
+ x x y
4.
2
1
x
y
5.
2
3
1
x
y
.. x x y 5
2
+ 0. 1 3 2
2
+ x x y
-. x y 2 6. 1 x y
Pembezaan Fungsi Algebra
A) Petua Asas Pembezaan
n
x y
1

n
nx
dx
dy
n
ax y
1

n
anx
dx
dy
k y
2i"!n! k i!$!+ 7e"!$!8
0
dx
dy
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
4
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
had
0 x
9&n!!n
Konj&g!t
9&n!!n
Konj&g!t
*onto+ So!$!n
1.
x y 9
9
dx
dy

).

3
t y
2
3t
dt
dy

4.

4
3x y
( )
1 4
4 3

x
dx
dy

4
12x
5.

5
x y
1 5
5

x
dx
dy

4
5x
..

2
8
7
x y
1 2
2
8
7

x
dx
dy
x
4
7

0.

2
4
3
x
y

2
1
4
3
x

2
4
3

x
1 2
2
4
3

x
dx
dy

3
2
3

x
3
2
3
x

-.
5 y
0
dx
dy
6.

2
1
y
0
dx
dy
So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1.
4
x
).
7 y
4.
2
3x y 5.
5
t y
..
4
3
7
x
y
0.
( )
6
3
5
x x f
-.
( )
3
7 x f
6.
3
4
1
x
y
B) Pembezaan Hasil Tambah
v u y +
dx
dv
dx
du
dx
dy
+
*onto+ So!$!n
1.
9 2
2 5
+ + x x y
9 2
2 5
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ +
0 2 5 2
1 2 1 5
+ +

x x
dx
dy
x x 2 10
4
+
).
t t y 5
3
+
t
dx
d
t
dx
d
dx
dy
5
3
+
( )
1 1 1 3
1 5 3

+ t t
dt
dy
5 3
2
+ t
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
5
( ) 1 5 2
3
+ x x
4.

2
2 3 4
2
5 3
x
x x x
y
+ +

2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2 2
3
x
x
x
x
x
x
y + +

2
5
2 2
3
2
+ +
x
x y
2
5
2 2
3
2
dx
d x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ +
0
2
1
2
2
3
1 1 1 2
+ +

x x

2
1
3 + x

5.

z
z z
y
3
9 +

z
z
z
z
3
9
+

2
9 z +
2
9 z
dz
d
dz
d
dz
dy
+

1 2
2 0

+ z
z 2
..
( )
2
2 3 + x y e"#!ng!n 2&$&
4 12 9
2
+ + x x
4 12 9
2
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ +
12 18 + x
0.
( )
2
2
2 + x y e"#!ng!n 2&$&
4 4
2 4
+ + x x
4 4
2 4
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
+ +
x x 8 4
3
+
So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1.
2 4
4x x +
).
6 4 2
3 4 15
+ + + +

z z z z
4.
2
2
2
3
6
x
x x
y
+

5.
3
3 5
5 4
t
t t
y
+ +

..
( )
4
7
5
2
2
3
5
3
+ + x
x
x f
0.
7
14
1
7 x y +
-.
( )
2
3 2 + x y
6.
( )
2
2
1 x y +
C) Pembezaan Hasil Tolak
v u y
dx
dv
dx
du
dx
dy

*onto+ So!$!n
1.

3 2
2 x x y
3 2
2 x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy


1 3 1 2
2 2 2

+ x x

2
2 2 x x +
( ) x x + 1 2
).
9 5
4
t t y
9 4 5
4
dx
d
t
dx
d
t
dx
d
dt
dy

0 4 5
1 4 1 1


t t
dt
dy

3
4 5 t
4.

2
2 3 4
2
3 2
x
x x x
y

5.

2
3
9
z
z z
y

J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
6

2
2
2
3
2
4
2
3
2
2
2 x
x
x
x
x
x
y

2
3
2 2
1
2

x
x y
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy

0 1
2
1
2
2
1
1 1 1 2


x x

2
1
x


2
3
2
9
z
z
z
z

z
z

9
z
dz
d
z
dz
d
dz
dy

1
9

1 1 1 1
9 1

z z
1 9
2


z
1
9
2

z
..
( )
2
2 x y e"#!ng!n 2&$&

2
4 4 x x +
2
4 4 x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d
dx
dy
+
x 2 4 +
( ) 2 2 x
So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1.
2 4
5 x x
). ( )( )
x
x x
y
3 2

4.
2
5 2
2
3
x
x x
y

5.
3
3 5
5 4
q
q q q
y

..
( ) x x
x
x f
4
7
5
1 3
5
4

0.
( ) 15 5
1
2
3
3
4 15
z
t
t t t f
-.
( )
2
3x x y
6.
( )
2
2
1 x y
D) Pembezaan Hasil Darab
uv y
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
*onto+ So!$!n:
B!gi 'o!$!n:'o!$!n 2i#!;!+ te82!7!t ) 1!8! &nt& "e<e$e'!i!nn<!:
!= Ke"#!ng!n 2!n g&n!!n !e2!+ Pembezaan Hasil Tambah !t!&
Pembezaan Hasil Tolak
#= 9&n!!n !e2!+ Pembezaan Hasil Darab
D!$!" 1onto+ 'o!$!n 2i#!;!+ !!n "engg&n!!n !e2!+ Pembezaan Hasil Darab.
Tet!7i 2!$!" e!2!!n #i!'! #o$e+ e"#!ng!n 2!n 'e$e'!i!n.
1. ( ) 1 x x y
x u 1 x v
). ( ) 4 2 + x x y
x u 2 4 + x v
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
7
1
dx
du
1
dx
dv
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
( ) ( )( ) 1 1 1 + x x
dx
dy
1 + x x
1 2 x
2
dx
du
1
dx
dv

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
( ) ( )( ) 2 4 1 2 + + x x
dx
dy
8 2 2 + + x x
8 4 + x
( ) 2 4 + x
4. ( )( ) 3 1 2 + x x y
1 2 x u 3 + x v
2
dx
du
1
dx
dv
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
( )( ) ( )( ) 2 3 1 1 2 + + x x
dx
dy
6 2 1 2 + + x x
5 4 + x
5.
( )( ) 5 3 2
2
+ x x y
2
2
+ x u 5 3 x v
x
dx
du
2 3
dx
dv

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
( )( ) ( )( ) x x x
dx
dy
2 5 3 3 2
2
+ +
x x x 10 6 6 3
2 2
+ +
6 10 9
2
+ x x
So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1. ( ) 5
2
x x y ).
( ) 2 2
2
+ x x y
4. ( )( ) x x y + + 3 4 5.
( )( ) 5 3 2
2
+ x x y
.. ( )( ) x x y + 3 4 2 0.
( )( ) 5 3 2
2
+ x x x y
) Pembezaan Hasil Baha!i
v
u
y
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

*onto+ So!$!n
1.

1
2
+

x
x
y

2
x u 1 + x v
x
dx
du
2 1
dx
dv
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy



( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1
1 2 1
+
+

x
x x x
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
"

( )
2
2 2
1
2 2
+
+

x
x x x

( )
2
2
1
2
+
+

x
x x


( )
( )
2
1
2
+
+

x
x x
).

1 3
2
2

x
x
y
2
2
+ x u 1 3 x v
x
dx
du
2 3
dx
dv
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy



( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 3
3 2 2 1 3

x
x x x

( )
( )
2
2 2
1 3
6 3 2 6

x
x x x

( )
2
2 2
1 3
6 3 2 6

x
x x x

( )
2
2
1 3
6 2 3

x
x x
4.
x x
x
y
5
1 4
4
2
+
+

1 4
2
+ x u x x v 5
4

x
dx
du
8 5 4
3
x
dx
dv
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy



( ) ( )( )
( )
2
4
3 2 4
5
5 4 1 4 8 5
x x
x x x x x

( )
( )
2
4
3 2 5 2 5
5
5 4 20 16 40 8
x x
x x x x x

( )
2
4
3 2 5 2 5
5
5 4 20 16 40 8
x x
x x x x x

+ +

( )
2
4
2 3 5
5
5 20 4 8
x x
x x x

J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
#

( )
2
4
2 3 5
5
5 20 4 8
x x
x x x

+ +

5.
3 2
9
2
+

x
x x
y
x x u 9
2
+ 3 2 x v
x
dx
du
2 2
dx
dv
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy



( ) ( )
( )
2
2
3 2
2 9 2 3 2

x
x x x x

( )
( )
2
2 2
3 2
18 2 6 4

x
x x x x

( )
2
2 2
3 2
18 2 6 4

x
x x x x

( )
2
2
3 2
24 2

x
x x

( )
2
3 2
) 12 ( 2

x
x x
So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1.
2
5
2
4

x
x
y
).
( )( )
2
3 2 1
2
+
+
x
x x
y e"#!ng!n 2&$& <g !t!'
4.
3 2
9
+

x
x
y
5.
( )
x
x
y

2
3 2
2
e"#!ng!n 2&$& <g !t!'
$) Pembezaan $un!si %ubahan &Petua 'antai)
( ) u f y
( ) u g u dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
*
NOTA PENTING :
9&n!!n 7et&! 8!nt!i > 3&ng'i g&#!+!n nie !2!$!+ &nt& 7e8'!"!!n <!ng
&!'!n<! ? ). @ji! &!'! ) "!! 7e8'!"!!n it& 7e8$& dikembangkan=
Te82!7!t ) 1!8! &nt& 'e$e'!i!n 7e8'!"!!n <g !2! &!'! ? )
*onto+ : ( )
6
2
2 3 x y
o 9&n!!n 7et&! 8!nt!i
!t!!n : 2 3
2
x u
6
u y
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
1(
2. t+en #e%!!n <!ng
2!$!" &8&ng!n
x
dx
du
6
5
6u
du
dy

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
* PETUA RANTAI, AUN9SI 9UBAHAN
x u
dx
dy
6 6
5

( )
5
36 u x
t+en g!nti!n #!$i ni$!i u t!2i 2gn ni$!i 'e#en!8
( )
5
2
2 3 36 x x
o 9&n!!n 1!8! #i!'! @mesti tun)uk *ara +etua rantai ,ulu baru *ara ini=

( ) ( ) 2 3 2 3 6
2
6
2
x
dx
d
x
dx
dy
( ) x x 6 2 3 6
1 6
2


( )
5
2
2 3 36 x x
1!8! ini 'e'&!i &nt& 'e$e'!i!n 7e8'!"!!n <!ng !2! j&g! g&n!!n
1!8! Pembezaan Hasil Darab !t!& Pembezaan Hasil Baha!i :
*onto+ 'o!$!n : ( ) ( ) 1 2 3
5
2
x x y !t!&
2
5 3
3
+
+

x
x
y

A!n 2ite8!ng!n $e#i+ $!nj&t 'e$e7!' Pet&! R!nt!i
*onto+ So!$!n PT-A 'A.TA/0$-.%1/ %-BAHA.
1.

( )
5
3
3 + x y
!t!!n
3
3
+ x u
(
5
u y

2
3x
dx
du

4
5u
du
dy

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
*

2 4
3 5 x u
dx
dy

( )
4 2
15 u x
g!nti!n #!$i ni$!i :
( )
4
3 2
3 15 + x x
dx
dy

).

( )
8
2
3 2 x x y +
!t!!n
x x u 3 2
2
+
(
8
u y
3 4 + x
dx
du

7
8u
du
dy

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
*
( ) 3 4 8
7
+ x u
dx
dy
g!nti!n #!$i ni$!i :
( ) ( ) 3 4 3 2 8
7
2
+ + x x x
dx
dy

4.

( )
7
3
2 x y
!t!!n
3
2 x u
(
7
u y

2
3x
dx
du

6
7u
du
dy

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
*
5.

( )
5
3
2 5
1
+

x
y
"!!
( )
5
3
2 5

+ x y
!t!!n
2 5
3
+ x u
(
5
u y

2
15x
dx
du

6
5

u
du
dy

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
*
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
11
. #e%!!n &!'!
"&$!
)
&!'! t&8&n!n
2!n &!'! :1

2 6
3 7 x u
dx
dy

( )
6 2
21 u x
g!nti!n #!$i ni$!i :
( )
6
3 2
2 21 x x
dx
dy


2 6
15 5 x u
dx
dy


( )
6 2
75

u x
g!nti!n #!$i ni$!i :
( )
6
3 2
2 5 75

+ x x
dx
dy

So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1.
( )
11
5 3 x y
).
( )
5
2
2 + x y
4.
( )
9
2 3
3 2 5 x x x y +
5.
( )
15
3
2 4 x y +
..
4
1
2
3

,
_

x
y
0.
12
2
2 3 5
2 3

,
_

x
x x x
y
-.
( )
6
2
5 2
2
x
y

6.
( ) 2 3
1
4
+

x
y
B.
( )
4
2
5 3 2
5
x x
y

1/.
( )
3
3
5
1
x x
y
+

!"alan #erkaitan Pembezaan $ kuasa % 2

1.
( ) ( ) 3 1 2
4 5
+ x x y

( )
5
1 2 x u 3
4
+ x v
( ) 2 1 2 5
4
x
dx
du

3
4x
dx
dv

( )
4
1 2 10 x
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
4 4 3 5
1 2 10 3 4 1 2 + + x x x x
dx
dy

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 10 1 2 4 1 2
4 3 4
+ + x x x x
( ) ( ) 30 10 4 8 1 2
4 3 4 4
+ + x x x x
( ) ( ) 30 4 18 1 2
3 4 4
+ x x x
( ) ( ) 15 2 9 2 1 2
3 4 4
+ x x x
( ) ( ) 15 2 9 1 2 2
3 4 4
+ x x x
).
( ) ( )
8
3
3
5 3 3 2 + x x y

( )
3
3
3 2 + x u ( )
8
5 3 x v
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
12
A!to8!n
( )
2
2
3
6 3 2 3 x x
dx
du
+ ( ) 3 5 3 8
7
x
dx
dv
( )
2
3 2
2 2 18 + x x ( )
7
5 3 24 x
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
2
3 2 8 7
3
3
2 2 18 5 3 5 3 24 2 2 + + + x x x x x
dx
dy
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
2 3 7
2
3
18 5 3 24 2 2 5 3 2 2 x x x x x + + +
( ) ( ) [ ]
2 3 3 7
2
3
90 54 48 48 5 3 2 2 x x x x x + + +
( ) ( ) [ ] 48 90 102 5 3 2 2
2 3 7
2
3
+ + x x x x
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] 24 45 51 2 5 3 2 2
2 3 7
2
3
+ + x x x x
( ) ( ) ( ) 24 45 51 5 3 2 2 2
2 3 7
2
3
+ + x x x x
4.
( )
( )
2
3
3
1 2
3

x
x
y
( )
3
3 + x u ( )
2
3
1 2 x v
( ) 1 3 3
2
+ x
dx
du
( )
2 3
6 1 2 2 x x
dx
dv

( )
2
3 3 + x ( ) 1 2 12
3 2
x x
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy



( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
4
3
3 2 3 2
2
3
1 2
1 2 12 3 3 3 1 2

+ +

x
x x x x x
dx
dy

( )( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
4
3
2 3 2 3
1 2
4 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

+ +

x
x x x x x

( )( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
4
3
2 3 3 2 3
1 2
12 4 1 2 3 1 2 3

+ +

x
x x x x x

( )( ) [ ]
( )
4
3
2 3 3 2 3
1 2
12 4 1 2 3 1 2 3

x
x x x x x

( ) [ ]
( )
3
3
2 3 2
1 2
1 12 2 3 3

x
x x x
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
13
A!to8!n

( ) [ ]
( )
3
3
2 3 2
1 2
1 12 2 3 3

+ + +

x
x x x
5.
( )
( )
8
3
5
2
1
5 3

x
x
y

( )
5
2
5 3 + x u ( )
8
3
1 x v
( ) x x
dx
du
6 5 3 5
4
2
+ ( )
2
7
3
3 1 8 x x
dx
dv

( )
4
2
5 3 30 + x x ( )
7
3 2
1 24 x x
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy



( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
16
3
7
3
5
2
4
2
8
3
1
1 24 5 3 5 3 30 1

+ +

x
x x x x x x
dx
dy

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
16
3
2 3
4
2
7
3
1
4 5 3 5 1 5 3 1 6

+ +

x
x x x x x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
16
3
2 3
4
2
7
3
1
20 12 5 5 5 3 1 6

+ +

x
x x x x x

( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
16
3
2 3
4
2
7
3
1
20 12 5 5 5 3 1 6

x
x x x x x

( ) ( )
( )
9
3
2 3
4
2
1
25 12 5 5 3 6

x
x x x x
So!$!n L!ti+!n :
1.
( ) ( )
5
4 11
2 5 5 3 + x x y
).
( ) ( )
7
2
5
2
3 4 2 x x y +
4.
7
2
2 5
4
3 2
1
2
3

,
_

,
_

x
x x
x
y
5.
( )
3
8
3
1 3
x
x
y
+

..
( )
( )
6
2
4
2
5 2
2 5
x
x x
y

0.
( )
6
4
3
2 5 x
x
y
+

J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
14
%)
Pe"#e%!!n peringkat kedua 2it!n2! '#g
2
2
dx
y d
<g #e8"!n!
,
_

dx
dy
dx
d
Pe"#e%!!n peringkat kedua !t!& peringkat tinggi ini "enge+en2!i it! #&!t
7e"#e%!!n 'e#!n<! ) !$i te8+!2!7 7e8'!"!!n <!ng 2i#e8i
M&$!:"&$! #e%!!n 'e7e8ti #i!'!
dx
dy
@7e8ing!t 7e8t!"!= t+en 7e8'!"!!n <!ng
te$!+ 2i#e%!!n t!2i #e%!!n 'e!$i $!gi
2
2
dx
y d
*t+ 'o!$!n
i. 1 2 3
2
x x y
0 2
2
1
6
2
1


x x
dx
dy

2
1
6

x x
2
3
2
2
2
1
6

+ x
dx
y d
ii.
t t
t
t f +
2
3
2
2
) (
t t t t f +
2 3
2 2 ) (
( ) 1 4 6 '
4
dx
d
t
dx
d
t
dx
d
x f +

1 4 6
4
+

t t
( ) 4 24 ' '
5
dx
d
t
dx
d
x f

4 24
5


t
iii. ) 2 )( 1 2 ( + x x y
2 4 2
2
+ x x x
2 3 2
2
+ x x
3 4 + x
dx
dy
4
2
2

dx
y d
D!7!t!n ni$!i:ni$!i te8#it!n e2&! #!gi 3&ng'i:3&ng'i #e8i&t !7!#i$! t C ).
i. 1 3 4
2
+ t t s ii.
3
2 3 t s iii. t t t s
3
2
2 5
2 3
+
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
15
Pe"#e%!!n A&ng'i T8igono"et8i
1. x sin
x
dx
d
dx
d
sin
kos x
). kos x
kos
dx
d
dx
d
x
x sin
4. x tan
x
dx
d
dx
d
tan
x sek
2

5. ax sin
ax
dx
d
ax
dx
d
dx
d
sin
kos a ax
a kos ax
.. kos ax
kos
dx
d
dx
d
ax
dx
d
ax
a ax sin
ax asin
0. ax tan
ax
dx
d
ax
dx
d
dx
d
tan
a ax sek
2
a
ax sek
2
-. ( ) b ax + sin
( ) b ax
dx
d
b ax
dx
d
dx
d
+ + sin
kos ( ) ( ) a b ax +
a kos ( ) b ax +
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
16
6. kos ( ) b ax +
kos
dx
d
dx
d
( ) b ax
dx
d
b ax + +
( ) ( ) a b ax + sin
( ) b ax a + sin
B. ( ) b ax + tan
( ) b ax
dx
d
b ax
dx
d
dx
d
+ + tan
( ) ( ) a b ax sek +
2
a ( ) b ax sek +
2
*onto+ So!$!n
1.
( ) x x f sin
( ) kos x f ' x
).
( ) kos x f x
( ) x x f sin '
4. x tan
x sek
dx
d
2

5.
x y 5 sin
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
5 5 sin
kos 5 5 x
kos 5 x 5
..
( ) x kos x f 3
( ) x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f 3 3 '
3 3 sin x
x 3 sin 3
0.
x y 7 tan
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
7 7 tan
7 7
2
x sek
x sek 7 7
2

-.
x y 4 sin 5
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
4 4 sin 5
kos 5 4 4 x
kos 20 x 4
6.
( ) x x f 6 tan 2
( ) x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x f 6 6 tan 2 '
6 6 2
2
x sek
x sek 6 12
2

*onto+ So!$!n
1
.

( ) 1 3 sin + x y
( ) ( ) 1 3 1 3 + + x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
dx
dy
kos ( ) 3 1 3 + x

( ) 1 3 3 + x kos
)
.

( ) kos x f ( ) x 3 5
( ) ( ) ( ) x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f 3 5 3 5 '

( ) 3 3 5 sin x

( ) x 3 5 sin 3
4
.

( ) 3 2 tan 2 x y
( ) ( ) 3 2 3 2 tan 2 x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d
5
.

x y
5
2
sin
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
17
( ) 2 3 2 2
2
x sek
( ) 3 2 4
2
x sek
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
5
2
5
2
sin
kos
5
2
5
2
x

kos
5
2
x
5
2
.
.

,
_

x kos y
2
1
1 2

,
_

,
_

x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
dx
dy
2
1
1
2
1
1 2

2
1
2
1
1 sin

,
_

,
_

x

,
_

x
2
1
1 sin
0
.
( ) 5 2 tan 3
2
+ x y
( ) ( ) 5 2 5 2 tan 3
2 2
+ + x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
3 ( ) x x sek 4 5 2
2 2
+
x 12 ( ) 5 2
2 2
+ x sek
1/.
x
n
sin
x
dx
d
dx
d
n
sin

x
dx
d
x
dx
d
sin
x n
n 1
sin

kos x
1
11.
x kos
n
kos
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
dx
d
n
x
dx
d
x
1 sin .kos
1 - n
x x n
n
x kos
n 1
x sin
1).
x
n
tan
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d
n
tan tan
1 tan
2 1


x sek n
n


n x
n 1
tan

x sek
2
*onto+ So!$!n
1
.
x y 2 sin
2

x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
sin sin
2
kos x sin 2 1 x
kos x sin 2 x
)
.
( )
3
kos x f x
( ) kos
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f
3
' x
dx
d
x
1 sin 3
2
x x kos
x x kos sin 3
2

4
x y 3 tan
2

5 x y 5 sin 2
3

J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
1"
#ezakan K&A!A
t&8&n!n &!'!( &!'! :1
#ezakan T'IGO
#ezakan atau dlm
kurungan
.
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
d
3 3 tan 3 tan
2

3 3 3 tan 2
2
x sek x
x 3 tan 6 x sek 3
2
.
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
5 5 sin 5 sin 2
3

kos x 5 sin 3 2
2
5 5 x
x 5 sin 30
2
kos x 5
.
.
( ) ( ) 1 3 2
4
x kos x f
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 '
4
x
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x kos
dx
d
x f
( ) ( ) 3 1 3 sin 1 3 4 2
3
x x kos
( ) ( ) 1 3 sin 1 3 24
3
x x kos
0
.
( ) 1 2 tan 2
2 3
+ x y
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 tan 1 2 tan 2
2 2 2 3
+ + + x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
( ) ( ) x x sek x 4 1 2 1 2 tan 3 2
2 2 2 2
+ +
( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 tan 24
2 2 2 2
+ + x sek x x
14. sek
x
sek
dx
d
x
sek
x
x tan
15. kosek
x
kosek
dx
d
x
kosek
x
kot
x
1.. kot
x
kot
dx
d
x
x kosek
2

*ONTOH SOALAN
1
.
x sek y
4

KAE(A) @PETUA RANTAI= KAE(A) 2 @*ARA MUDAH=

K!t!!n:
sek u x

x sek y
4

sek
dx
du
x x tan
4
u y

3
4u
du
dy

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy

sek u
dx
dy

3
4 x x tan
x sek
3
4 sek x x tan
x sek y
4

sek
dx
d
x sek
dx
d
dx
dy

4
x x
dx
d

x sek
3
4 sek 1 tan x x
4 x sek tan
4
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
1#
4 x sek tan
4
)
.
x kosek y 2
3

KAE(A) @PETUA RANTAI= KAE(A) 2 @*ARA MUDAH=

K!t!!n:
kosek u x 2
x kosek y 2
3

kosek
dx
du
2 xkot 2 x 2
3
u y

2
3u
du
dy

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy

kosek u
dx
dy
2 3
2
xkot 2 x 2
kosek u
2
6 x 2 kot x 2
6 kosek x kosek 2
2
x 2 kot x 2
x kosek 2 6
3
kot x 2
x kosek y 2
3

x
dx
d
x kosek
dx
d
x kosek
dx
d
dx
dy
2 2 2
3


2
3kosek 2 2 2 2 x xkot kosek x
x kosek 2 6
3
kot x 2
NOTE PENTING ***
1. PEMBEZAAN 2i$!'!n!!n "engi&t ARAHAN <!ng 2i#e8i.
). *ARA MUDAH #!gi 'o!$!n 'e7e8ti ( ) 1 4D 'in ) <
) 4
i!$!+
!. Let!!n ) 2i+!2!7!n
b. #ezakan kuasa t&8&n!n &!'! 2!n &!'! :1
1. #ezakan trig" @!#!i!n &!'!n<e=
d. #ezakan
x
atau +ang dalam kurungan
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
2(
( ) 1 3 sin 2
2 3
x y
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3 1 3 sin 1 3 sin 2
2 2 2 3
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
( ) ( ) x x kos x 6 1 3 1 3 sin 3 2
2 2 2

x 36 ( ) 1 3 sin
2 2
x ( ) 1 3
2
x kos
4. *!8! "&2!+ 2i!t!' #o$e+ 2ig&n!!n ti2! i8! '!"! !2! en! g&n!!n !e2!+ )A!I,
TA-#A). )A!I, TO,AK. )A!I, (A'A# atau )A!I, #A)AGI.
*onto+ So!$!n
Deng!n "engg&n!!n Teni Pe"#e%!!n A&ng'i T8igono"et8i( #e%!!n < te8+!2!7 D.
i. x kos x y 4 ) 1 2 ( sin 2
2 2
ii. x x sek y 2 tan 4
3

iii.
2
3
2
5 sin
x kot
x
y iE.
x kos
x sek
y
3 2
5

E. x y 4 sin
3
Ei. x kos y 2
6

Eii. x y 3 tan
2
Eiii. ( ) 1
2 2
+ x kos y
iD. ( ) z z kos y 3 sin 1 3 3
5 4
D.
( )
2 4
2
2 sin
4 tan 2
x
x
y

J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
21
( )( )
2 2
5 2 3 sin x kos x y
x u 3 sin
2

2
5 2 x kos v
3 3 3 sin 2 x kos x
dx
du
x x
dx
dv
10 5 sin 2
2

x xkos3 3 sin 6
2
5 sin 20 x x
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+
g!nti!n,"!'&!n ni$!i
( )( ) ( )( ) x xkos x kos x x x
dx
dy
3 3 sin 6 5 2 5 sin 20 3 sin
2 2 2
+
x 20
x 3 sin
2 2
5 sin x 12 + kos x x 3 sin 5
2
kos x 3
Pe"#e%!!n A&ng'i Log!8it+"!
D $og D $n
e

1. D $n
D
1
D $n
2D
2

). ( ) # !D $n +
( ) # !D $n
2D
2
2D
2
+

# !D
!
+

Notes
!= ( ) < $n D $n D< $n +
#=
< $n D $n
<
D
$n
1=
n D $n
n
D $n
2=
( ) DD $n D $n
)

D $n D $n +
D $n )
Pe"#e%!!n A&ng'i E'7onen
1.
D
e <
D D
e e
2D
2

).
!D
e <
!D !D
!e e
2D
2

4.
# !D
e <
+

# !D # !D
!e e
2D
2
+ +

Notes
!=
< D < D
e e e
+
#=
<
D
< D
e
e
e

1=
D
1
e
1
e

*onto+ So!$!n Log!8it"!

J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
22
/A'A -&(A) &TK INGAT ***
1. #e%!!n
x
!t!& <g 2$"
&8&ng!n @$et! 2i!t!'=
). #&!t g!8i'!n F7e8
4. '!$in #!$i <g 2$" &8&ng!n
@$et! 2i#;+ g!8i'!n F7e8=
/A'A -&(A) &TK INGAT ***
1. #e%!!n &!'!
@$et! 2i2e7!n,'e#e$!+ !n!n
t!n2! FC=
). '!$in #!$i e'e$&8&+!n e'7onen
t!2i
1
.

x y ln
x dx
dy 1

).
2
ln x y
2
2
x
x
dx
dy

x
2

4
.
x y 2 ln
x ln 2 ln +
x
dx
d
dx
d
dx
dy
ln 2 ln +

x
1
0 +

x
1

ATAU

x y 2 ln
x dx
dy
2
2

x
1

5
. x
y
2
ln
x ln 2 ln
x
dx
d
dx
d
dx
dy
ln 2 ln

x
1
0

x
1

ATAU

x
y
2
ln

1
2 ln

x y
1
2
2
2

x
x
dx
dy

x x
2 2
2

2
2
2
x
x

x
1

.
.

( ) 3 2 ln + x y
3 2
2
+

x dx
dy
0.
( ) 3 2 ln
3
+ x y
3 2
6
3
+

x
x
dx
dy
-.
( )( ) 1 2 3 ln
2
+ x x y
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ + x x
6.

1 2
3
ln
2
+

x
x
y
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ x x
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
23
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ + x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy

1 2
2
3
6
2
+
+
x x
x

( ) ( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
3 2 1 2 6
2
2
+
+ +

x x
x x x

( )( ) 1 2 3
6 6 12
2
2 2
+
+ +

x x
x x x

( )( ) 1 2 3
6 18
2
2
+
+

x x
x x

( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
1 3 6
2
+
+

x x
x x
( ) ( ) 1 2 ln 3 ln
2
+ x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy

1 2
2
3
6
2
+

x x
x

( ) ( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
3 2 1 2 6
2
2
+
+

x x
x x x

( )( ) 1 2 3
6 6 12
2
2 2
+
+

x x
x x x

( )( ) 1 2 3
6 6
2
2
+
+

x x
x x

( )
( )( ) 1 2 3
1 6
2
+
+

x x
x x
B.
( )
2
3
3 2 ln + x y
( ) 3 2 ln 2
3
+ x
3 2
6
2
3
2
+

x
x
dx
dy

3 2
12
3
2
+

x
x
1/. x y 3 ln
2
1
3 ln x

x 3 ln
2
1

x dx
dy
3
3
2
1


x 2
1

11.
( )
2
ln x y
( ) x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy
ln ln
2


x
x
1
ln 2

x
x ln 2

ATAU
Pet&! 8!nt!i
x u ln
2
u y
x dx
du 1

u
du
dy
2
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy

x
u
dx
dy 1
2

x
u 2

x
x ln 2

14. ( ) x y 2 ln ln
x u 2 ln
u y ln
x dx
du 1

u du
dy 1

15. x y 4 ln
x u 4 ln
2
1
u y

x dx
du 1

2
1
2
1
u
du
dy
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
24
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy

x u dx
dy 1 1


xu
1

x x ln
1

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy

x
u
dx
dy 1
2
1
2
1


u x 2
1

x x 4 ln 2
1

1.. 3
1
2
2
1 3
ln
,
_

x
x
y

,
_

2
2
1 3
ln
3
1
x
x

( ) ( ) [ ]
2
2 ln 1 3 ln
3
1
x x
( ) ( )
1
]
1

2
2 ln 1 3 ln
3
1
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
dx
dy

1
]
1

2
2
2
1 3
3
3
1
x
x
x

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
]
1

2
2
2 1 3
1 3 2 2 3
3
1
x x
x x x

( )
( ) ( )
1
]
1

2
2 2
2 1 3
2 6 3 6
3
1
x x
x x x

( ) ( )
1
]
1

2
2 2
2 1 3
2 6 3 6
3
1
x x
x x x

( )( )
1
]
1

+ +

2
2
2 1 3
6 2 9
3
1
x x
x x

( )( )
2
2
2 1 3 3
6 2 9
x x
x x

+ +

*onto+ So!$!n E'7onen

1
.

D
e <
D
e
2D
2<

).
)D
e <
)D
)e
2D
2<

J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
25
4

)
)D
e <
)
)D
5e
2D
2<

5.

1 )D
)
e <
+

1 )D
)
5e
2D
2<
+

.
.

4D
4e <
4D
4e 4
2D
2<


4D
e 9
0.
)< 4D
e <
+

)< 4D
e e <
)< 4D
e
2D
2
e
2D
2
2D
2<


)< 4D
)e 4e

)< 4D
0e
+

-
.

)< 4D
e <

)<
4D
e
e
<
)<
4D
e
2D
2
e
2D
2
2D
2<


)<
4D
)e
4e

y 2

4D
e
)
4
6.
)D
$ne <

)D
e &
$n& <
)D
)e
2D
2&

&
1
2&
2<

2D
2&
2&
2<
2D
2<

)D
)e
&
1
2D
2<


&
)e
)D

)D
)D
e
)e

)
J&ne,JMSK,PPD,-./0)1
26