This project will model the harmonic motion of a spring using trigonometric functions.

Harmonic motion can be found in numerous systems including: hydraulic suspension and antennas. By understanding the amplitude, period and frequency of we can analyze these systems for performance or tune them for a specific function. Suspension can be analyzed to see how the car body rolls around turns and how quickly it returns to level after. Antennas require vast knowledge of frequency, period and wave to oscillate to appropriate signals and pick up radio waves. The equation of the spring in our system will be: ( ) ( ) X(t) = Where: x(t) = position t = time w = spring stiffness / mass of weight v0 = initial velocity x0 = initial position Inputting the provided values and equation we get the following equation for the system: ( ) ( x(t) = ) ( ) Graphing each trigonometric piece of the equation results in the two following graphs: Graph of: (sin6t) Graph of: 7(cos6t)

The amplitude for trigonometric function is the absolute distance from the x-axis. It is the largest value the trigonometric value will deviate from the x-axis. This can be found by looking at the coefficient for the trigonometric function i.e. 7 is the amplitude for 7(cos6t). Periods of functions are the time it takes to complete one rotation, for example, one revolution of the unit circle. Any additional rotations produce co-terminal values. The period is found by taking the coefficient of the trigonometric angle and ( ) equation giving us a period of dividing it by one full revolution of the unit circle, 2pi. For example, for the . Phase shifts are additions or subtractions to the trigonometric angle. These cause the graphs to be shifted right or left on the x-axis. There were no phase shifts present on either of the above graphs. The frequency is how many complete cycles of the function are made in the full circumference of a circle i.e 2pi.

( ) ( The above graph represents a small section of the combined equation x(t) = we can identify the amplitude, period, phase shift and frequency and re-write the equation as: x(t) = (7.4907)cos[ ( t - )]

( ). From this graph

The amplitude can be found by finding the maximum y-value deviation from the x-axis. This value is always an absolute value or distance. The period is one complete cycle of the equation. This section of the equation starts at and ends at . Both points have a y-value of seven, means one cycle occurred over a period. The phase shift can be calculated by taking the difference of the x-value and comparing it to the original equation. The graphs contain similarities and differences in part 2 and 3. For example, the amplitude and phase shifts are different but the period and frequency are the same. I think this is due to the similarities in the separate equations and their combination.

Because lines can always be arranged perpendicular to one another and since the length of the connecting line A is not specified the lines C1 and C2 can always be placed with a 90 adjoining angle. The side A will be calculated using Pythagoreans Theorem by or

sin =

cos = C1 = 4 and C2 = 2 ( ) =

tan =

C1 = Asin

C2 = Acos C1 = and C2 = 7 = )

= tan-1(

4.472135955

((

( ) ) = ) = tan-1(

7.490735018

= tan-1( ) = tan-1(2)

= tan-1(

Verifying trigonometric equations requires algebra skills as well as remembering trigonometric identities. Verifying: (A)sin()sin( (A)(sin()sin( (A)(cos()cos( (A)(cos( (A)cos ( ) ) + cos()cos( ) + sin()sin( )) )) ) + (A)cos()cos( ) = (A)cos ( )

Factored out A because of the commutative multiplication property. Switched cos/sin because of commutative addition property. Switched cos( )cos() because of the commutative multiplication property. Replaced with trigonometric subtraction identity.

)cos() + sin(

)sin())

Using the identities we verified earlier and the information from the right triangle we can now take our original equation of: ( ) ( x(t) = ) ( ). We can convert the equation into (A)cos ( ) by calculating the necessary variables to fill in the equation. We will use the previous information to identify identities and relations. Asin() = A= Acos() = A= A = A or = = ( ) = or Reducing fraction, setting equal to A for sine part Isolating A Setting equal to A for cosine part Isolating A Since both sections are equal A they are equal to one another. Multiplying by sin( ) to find a trigonometric identity to solve for Trigonometric identity
( ) ( )

= tan( )

tan( ) = = tan-1 ( A=
( )

Dividing by 7 to isolate tan( ) ) = 0.363978957 = 7.490735018 Taking the inverse of tan( ) to isolate Calculating A (we could also have use A =
( )

as they equal one another).

(7.490735018)cos(6t - 0.363978957)

Re-writing in new format with appropriate values.

This could also be written in another standard format that allows the phase shift and amplitude to be more quickly identified. This is done by factoring out the coefficient on the variable. (7.490735018)cos(6t - 0.363978957) (7.490735018)cos(6(t - 0.0.06066316)) Original equation. Variable coefficient factored out.

It is amazing how many applications trigonometry has in the real world. I am excited to explore what other options are present in my day to day life for applying trigonometric function to solve problems. For a simple example, I can know more easily plan out how to cut bricks so they will keystone into a perfect fire pit for late night fire gatherings.