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Chapter 3 Multi-Step Equations and Inequalities #

By Marie Parche

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11/14/13

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Parche, Marie Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time 70:56:81:a9:87:17

Properties
Distributive Property: The property that states if you multiply a sum by a number, you will get the same result if you multiply each addend by that number and then add the products. example: 5 ! 21 = 5 ! (20 + 1) = (5 ! 20) + (5 ! 1) Associative Property of Multiplication/Addition: The property that states that for all real numbers a, b, and c, the product/sum is always the same, regardless of their grouping. example: a ! b ! c = (a ! b) ! c = a ! (b ! c) or a + b + c = (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) Commutative Property of Multiplication/Addition: The property that states that two or more numbers can be multiplied/added in any order without changing the product/sum. example: 8 ! 20 = 20 ! 8 (a ! b = b ! a) or 8 + 20 = 20 + 8 (a + b = b + a)

Parche, Marie

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time

70:56:81:a9:87:17

Simplify Expressions
Simplifying the expression 4 ! ( 7 ! x - 3) + 2 ! x First you use the distributive property to simplify the part with parenthesis, 4 ! (7 ! x - 3) + 2 ! x ! 4 ! 7 ! x - 4 ! 3 + 2 ! x, then you use the commutative property to combine like terms, 28 ! x + 2 ! x - 12 ! 30 ! x - 12, this is the simplest state the expression can be in, so you have fully simplified the expression.

Parche, Marie

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time

70:56:81:a9:87:17

Solving Equations
Solving the equation 7 ! x - 10 - 9 ! x = -13 First you use the commutative property to begin solving the equation by combining like terms, 7 ! x - 9 ! x - 10 = -13 ! -2 ! x - 10 = -13, then you add ten to both sides to get rid of it on the side with the variable, -2 ! x - 10 [+10] = -13 [+10] ! -2 ! x = -3, then divide both sides by -2 so that you can isolate the variable, -2 ! x [ -2 ] = -3 [ -2] ! x = 1.5, you have solved the equation.

Parche, Marie

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time

70:56:81:a9:87:17

Solving Equations With Fractions

Solving the equation 5 ! x/6 + x/3 - 1/2 = 11/6 First you multiply everything by 6 so you can get rid of the denominators, 5 ! x/6 + x/3 - 1/2 = 11/6 ! 5 ! x + 2 ! x - 3 = 11, then you combine like terms, 5 ! x + 2 ! x - 3 = 11 ! 7 ! x 3 = 11, then you add three to both sides of the equation, 7 ! x - 3 = 11 ! 7 ! x = 14, then you divide both sides by 7 to get the simplest form, 7 ! x = 14 ! x = 2.

Parche, Marie

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time

70:56:81:a9:87:17

Solving and Graphing Inequalities

Solving the inequality 2 < x/-5 To solve 2 < x/-5 you first multiply both sides by -5 to isolate the variable, 2 [! -5] " x/-5 [! -5] ! -10 # x. Because you multiplied the inequality by a negative number, you must switch the direction of the inequality sign. You have now solved the inequality. To graph the inequality you first draw a number line, including the number in the inequality and zero, then you make a circle around the number that is in your inequality, in this case minus ten, fill in the circle if there is a line under the inequality sign, which there is, and then draw an arrow towards the direction that the symbol tells you to, in this case to the left or to smaller values.
Parche, Marie Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time 70:56:81:a9:87:17

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

Solving and Graphing Inequalities

Solving the inequality -4 ! x + 4 # -8 To solve -4 ! x + 4 # -8 you subtract 4 from both sides, -4 ! x + 4 # -8 ! -4 ! x # -12, then you divide both sides of the inequality by -4, -4 ! x # -12 ! x " 3. Because you divided the inequality by a negative number you must switch the direction of the inequality sign, so that the answer is x " 3.
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

To graph this inequality you draw a number line including the number in the inequalitys answer and zero, then you make a circle around the number that is in your inequality, in this case three, fill in the circle if there is a line under the inequality sign, which there is, and then draw an arrow towards the direction that the symbol tells you to, in this case to the left or to smaller values.
Parche, Marie Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time 70:56:81:a9:87:17

Graphing Inequalities (Open and Closed Circles)

When you are graphing inequalities, you have a starting point, represented by a circle. This circle helps tell you what the value of x is. If the circle is closed (filled in), then the numbers that x is representing include the number the circle is around, if the circle is open (not filled in) then the number the circle is around is not part of the solution.

Parche, Marie

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time

70:56:81:a9:87:17

Inequality Word Problem

Chris wants to buy a bicycle that costs $160. If she saves $12 each week, what is the fewest number of weeks she must save in order to buy the bicycle? Inequality: 12x # 160 To solve, you divide both sides of the inequality by 12: 12x # 160 ! x # 13.3 Chris needs to save for at least 13.3 weeks. If she gets the money at the end of each week, she needs to save for at least 14 weeks.

Parche, Marie

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time

70:56:81:a9:87:17

Inequality Word Problem

Mark worked on math homework less than 1/3 the amount of time that his brother did. If Mark spent 25 minutes on his math homework, how much time did his brother spend on his math homework? Inequality: 25 < 1/3 ! x To solve, you divide both sides by 1/3: 25 < 1/3 ! x ! 75 < x. Because the number comes before the variable you must switch the order of the inequality so that the variable comes before the number: 75 < x ! x > 75. Marks brother spent more than 75 minutes on his math homework
Parche, Marie Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time 70:56:81:a9:87:17

Inequality Word Problem

One third of a number, decreased by thirty-six, is at most twenty-two. Find the number. Inequality: 1/3 ! n - 36 " 22 To solve, first you add 36 to both sides of the inequality: 1/3 ! n - 36 " 22 ! 1/3 ! n " 58 Then you divide both sides by 1/3: 1/3 ! n " 58 ! n " 174. The number is 174.

Parche, Marie

Tuesday, November 19, 2013 11:15:25 AM Pacic Standard Time

70:56:81:a9:87:17