POWER AND ENERGY

POWER AND ENERGY

When there is current through resistance, electrical energy (W) is converted to heat, light, sound etc. Energy is measured in Joule or Watt-Second Energy is fundamental capacity to do work and the rate of energy used is called Power. Power is measured in watt

W = Pt P=W/t

Units for Power and Energy

Common units for Power are:
1 mW (milliwatt) = 1000-1 W 1 kW = 103 W = 1000 W 1 MW (megawatt) = 106W

Common unit for Energy are:

WH KWH

POWER AND ENERGY

Power absorbed by a resistor:
R i(t) v( t )

p (t ) = v (t ) i (t ) 2 = R i (t ) 2 = v (t ) / R 2 = G v (t ) 2 = i (t ) / G

Examples
i(t) + v(t) _ Answer: i(t) = 1/R v(t)= 10 A R heat v(t) = 50 V R = 5 Ohms What is the current and the power dissipated by the resistor P = v(t) i(t) = 500 watt

What is the energy if the current flows in 6 hour

Answer: W= Pt=5006 WH=3000 WH= 3 KWH

Examples
i(t) + R1 heat v(t) = 50 V R1 = 7 Ohms, R2 = 3 Ohms What is the current and the power dissipated by the resistors V R2 _ heat Answer: i(t) = 1/(R1+R2) V= 5 A PR1 = I2R1 = 25 7 watt = 175 W PR2 = I2R1 = 25 3 watt = 75 W

Internal Resistance of a Battery

i(t) + Ri V _ RL A battery always has an internal resistance Ri The lower the resistance the higher the capacity of the battery to produce power. If we connect a RL then the power will be distributed to Ri and RL. Suppose V = 10 V and Ri = 1 Ohm

RL Pi PL Ptotal

19 0.25 4.75

9 4 1 0.1 0 1.00 4.00 25.00 82.64 100.00 9.00 16.00 25.00 8.26 0.00

5.00 10.00 20.00 50.00 90.91 100.00

Power distributed by Power supply

i(t) + Ri V Power on Ri RL

Power Total

Power on RL

RL

Examples
i(t) + v(t) _ R=5
10

v(t)
0 1 2 3 4

Draw i(t) and p(t) -10

2

i(t) t
-2

20

p(t) t
What is the energy if the current flows in 4 hours

Examples
20 What is the energy if the current flows in 4 hours

p(t)
0 1 2 3 4

Answer: Since the power is not constant we have t to calculate is using integral

W = p(t )dt
0

= area of both triangle = 40 WH