Name:

Year 8 Urbanisation Assessment Task What makes a city liveable and sustainable?

Research Lo !te" #: $evelo" your uidin %uestions &irst'

DEFINITION: "A guiding question is the fundamental query that directs the search for understanding."

Guiding Questions Who What Where When How What is sustainabil ity%

Source and date you accessed the data &&'&&'&( "nternet

URL/ Library etc you must have at least 4 different ty es of sources

!aste "nformation from website

!ara hrase #your words$

http://www.landlea rnnsw.org.au/sustai nability/what-issustainability

Some eo le say it is easy to recognise activities that are unsustainable because we )now it when we see it* +hin) of e,tinction of some s ecies of animalsoften due to the activities of humans* .r salinity #salt$ in our rivers due to changed land management ractices* /nd at home- the amount of ac)aging you ut in the bin that has to go into landfill* Living sustainably is about living within the means of our natural systems #environment$ and ensuring that our lifestyle doesn0t harm other eo le #society and culture$* "t0s a big idea to get your head around- for all of us* "t0s really about thin)ing about where your food- clothesenergy and other roducts come from and deciding whether you should buy and consume these things*

Sustainability is the ro erties and factors of a city or lace that ensures it is environmentally friendly- energy efficient and cost effective* "f a lace is sustainable it will have rules and olicies in lace to ensure that eo le )ee s the city or lace sustainable* Sustainability is rules or lans that are ut in lace to benefit other things within the city* 1or e,am le animals and eo le finding 2obs* 3reating roduce in your own city is better than im orting it from all over the worldif it is made locally you )now the rules of how it needs to manufactured' li)e ensuring animals don0t get harmed and it doesn0t roduce harmful gases* "f it is made in other laces you are not aware of their rules and the roduce may be

Why is sustainability im ortant for a functioning city%

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http://studentsfors ustainability.ca/ind ex.php? section_id=53

1or e,am le- you can buy timber im orted from other countries to use in your home- but do you )now enough about the rules in lace in those countries to revent animals from being harmed during the timber harvesting rocess- or if the local indigenous eo le su ort the harvestingor how much they get aid% Why is it so im ortant% 3anada0s de endence on non'renewable resources has contributed to global warming and climate change- which in turn has contributed to increases in diseaseoverty- and violence* Short'sighted non' renewable resource develo ment oliciessuch as the develo ment of the tar sands in 4orthern /lberta- has led to water ollution- health roblems- clear cutting- and social roblems* +he government should shift its focus from unsustainable energy sources and insteadinvest in long'term clean renewable energy sources- that would not only hel combat climate change- but also create green 2obs and build new industries* 1. Vancouver ,Canada 2. San Francisco 3. Oslo, Norway 4. Curitiba, Brazil . Co!en"a#en,

Sustainability is very im ortant- it hel s to sto global warmingdecrease ollution and reserve energy and other costly sources* Sustainability hel s the economy and boosts 2ob rates* "t is not 2ust about saving trees and recycling* "f a city is not sustainable it will not be liveable* "f there are no 2obs it will have a multi lying effect and therefore the city will lose o eration and become un'liveable* +his is only one of many reasons why sustainability is crucial for a functioning environment*

What are the world0s most sustainable cities%

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http://www.ecomag ination.com/topfive-mostsustainable-citiesin-the-world

1. Vancouver ,Canada 2. San Francisco 3. Oslo, Norway 4. Curitiba, Brazil . Co!en"a#en,

How can a city become sustainable%

&6'&&'&( "nternet and brochure

http://www.sustain ablecities !"3.com / 'oc"iel (ar& Boo&let

$en%ar& #reated$a$scheme$ called$%bi&ing'$where$ people$buy$a$year's$ membership$for$(3!$ which$allows$them$to$ pic&$up$a$bi&e$from$ one$of$the$)!!$stations $ that$are$located$ around$the$city.$$*here$ are$over$+!!!$bi&es$ and$more$than$ ",5-!!!$members. .ne$ma/or$advantage$ with$the$use$of$ renewable$energy$is$ that$as$it$is$renewable$ it$is$therefore$ sustainable$and$so$will$ never$run$out.

$en%ar& +here are many ways that a city can become sustainable* 7ach city has different strategies and rules ut in lace to ma)e it a sustainable and liveable lace to live* "n 8arcelona they have created a membershi system that costs (3!$ per$year$and$allows$ people$to$use$bicycles$ located$at$)!!$stations$ throughout$1arcelona.$ *his$is$a$fantastic$way$ to$save$money$on$ petrol-$maintain$an$ active$society$and$stop $ pollution.$

2lanting$trees$is$ fantastic$for$the$ environment-$trees$ that$are$native$to$the$ 0ven$more$ area$and$may$re3uire$ importantly-$renewable $ less$water$and$ energy$produces$little$ therefore$will$be$better $ or$no$waste$products$ for$the$city$because$ such$as$carbon$dioxide $ they$are$native$and$ they$won't$be$fighting$ or$other$chemical$ against$the$ pollutants-$so$has$ environment. minimal$impact$on$the$ environment Rain water collection on a domestic levelfrom houses and streets* +his can be done by collecting any rain water runoff into tan)s and gutters* +his will then be transferred into a treatment lant that cleans and filters water9 it can then be used as water for gardens- toilet waterar)s and wetlands* 3hoosing a renewable energy sources such as solar or wind are essential for a sustainable environment* "f the city is run on solar #e*g*$ it will save moneyenergy and electricity bills* +his will hel the

economy by saving money which can then be s ent on other utilities within the community- li)e sho ing centres* Renewable energy is sustainable and won0t run out9 this ma)es it very good for a city to rely on for a long time* Renewable energy sources do not roduce carbon dio,ide and little to no chemical ollutants* +his is very beneficial for the environment* What is renewable energy% &6'&&'&( "nternet http://www.energy matters.com.au/re newable-energy/ http://arena.gov.au /about-renewableenergy/ 4enewable$energy-$ generally$spea&ing-$is$ clean$energy$and$nonpolluting.$$5any$forms$ do$not$emit$any$ greenhouse$gases$or$ toxic$waste$in$the$ process$of$producing$ electricity.$6t$is$a$ sustainable$energy$ source$that$can$be$ relied$on$for$the$longterm.$4enewable$ energy$is$cost-effective $ and$efficient. Renewable energy is a form of energy that is environmentally friendly* "t doesn0t ollute the earth- or roduce harmful green house gases* Renewable energy is reliable and can be used for long eriods of time* "t is also very cost effective and efficient* "f a source of energy is renewable it means it is roduced from natural sources e*g* #coal$ and can be used re etitively* Renewable energy is essential for a sustainable environment/city*

4enewable$energy$is$ energy$which$can$be$ obtained$from$natural$ resources$that$can$be$ Rene(able ener y constantly$replenished. $ technolo ies include technolo ies that Rene(able ener y technolo ies include use)or enable the use o&)one or more technolo ies that rene(able ener y use)or enable the sources' Ty"es o& use o&)one or more rene(able ener y rene(able ener y technolo ies sources' Ty"es o& include: rene(able ener y technolo ies include: bioener y bioener y eothermal ener y hydro"o(er ocean

eothermal ener y hydro"o(er ocean ener y solar ener y (ind ener y

ener y solar ener y (ind ener y

How can suburban houses become eco' friendly%

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http://www.wi&ihow .com/#reate-an0co-7riendly-8ouse

*ind an ener y calculator to assess your current ener y usa e'$*ry$and$find$ one$that$suits$your$ country.$9ome$sites$ have$calculators$that$ will$automatically$tally$ up$the$energy$ efficiency$of$your$ house$currently.$6t$is$ also$helpful$if$the$site$ can$also$produce$a$ graph$or$tally$that$can$ demonstrate$what$your $ house:s$potential$could $ be$after$ma&ing$some$ minor$changes. +nstall skyli hts in your roo&'$*his$will$ allow$natural$sunlight$ to$illuminate$your$ house$for$free-$ especially$over$rooms$ that$are$the$dar&est.$ 9unlight$is$more$ powerful$than$any$ bulb-$so$the$light$will$ flow$through$much$of$ the$room$where$the$ s&ylight$is$installed$or$ add$in$sun$lights$which $ will$provide$lights$in$ the$day$time.

+here are many ways the houses can become eco'friendly* +hese few ideas can be incor orated in every suburban house and be made com ulsory to ma)e sure that each house is sustainable and eco'friendly* "f each house has an energy calculator it can tell the home owner how much energy is being used and how they can save more energy after ma)ing some minor changes* +his will be a great way to )ee houses eco' friendly- it will save energy#once the minor changes have been made$ and maintain awareness throughout the home*

"nstalling s)ylights- will save a lot of electricity and energy throughout the day* Whilst lighting is essential at night* S)y lights will hel to )ee the house lit u during the day and illuminate rooms that +nstall solar "anels'$ are usually dar)* +he 9olar$heating$will$ best art is that it is provide$energy$for$ &::; free* S)y lights your$house$in$many$ are more owerful than ways.$6t$can$heat$water $ a light bulb which at$the$most$basic$level. $ ma)es it even better 9olar$energy$is$pure-$ for an eco'friendly clean$energy.$;s$an$ home* added$bonus-$the$ surplus$energy$can$be$ Solar anels are a transferred$to$a$ great way to save battery$and$stored$for$ money and energy in later$use<$however-$be$ any home* Solar anels aware$that$this$will$ are an un olluted and

increase$your$costs$ considerably-$ depending$on$the$si=e$ of$the$battery.$9olar$ water$tan&s$can$heat$ stored$water$for$ whatever$reason$you$ need$hot$water$for-$ such$as$showers$and$ tea.

)"at are so%e eco* +riendly trans!ort ti!s,

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http://www.onyainn ovations.com.au/to p-eco-friendlytransport-tips/

clean energy source which ma)es it great for heating u water* Solar energy can be stored on a battery and used for later use* Solar water tan)s can also be installed to store hot water- this can be used later for shower water and other home e<ui ment that re<uires heated water* "$>$#ar$pool$6f$you$live$ 3ar ooling is one of close$to$someone$who$ the easiest ways to be you$wor&$with$and$you$ eco'friendly* While the both$drive-$why$not$ car you are driving team$up$and$ta&e$ may roduce some turns$driving$each$ harmful gases- one less other?$*his$small$step$ car on the road is will$add$up$big$time-$ better than nothing* "f with$savings$on$petrol$ you live close to and$par&ing$galore$>$ someone and are maybe$you$can$pic&$up $ heading in a similar a$coffee$on$the$way$ direction - car ooling and$use$your$reusable$ is a fantastic o tion- it coffee$cups?$ $>$2ublic$ will also save etrol* transport$6f$you$have$ children$and$drive$ !ublic trans ort is very them$to$school-$ easy to use and it consider$helping$them$ saves a lot of etrol* to$learn$to$ta&e$the$ Li)e car ooling it bus-$catch$the$train$or$ roduces less harmful wal&.$6f$you:d$still$li&e$ gases and results in to$drive$them-$maybe$ fewer cars on the road* you$can$carpool$with$ +here are buses that another$family$close$ run throughout every by.$@ou$can$also$ma&e$ city so there is always more$personal$use$of$ a bus to go to your public$transport$ chosen destination* systems.$$>$5a&e$your$ car$more$efficient$ "f you do choose to Ahen$you$do$use$your$ ta)e your car to wor)own$car-$ma&e$sure$ school or the sho ing you$don:t$have$heavy$ mall- you should ma)e items$in$the$bac&seat$ sure that there aren0t or$boot$weighing$it$ heavy items in the down$unnecessarily.$ bac) seat that would *his$will$ma&e$your$car $ cause your car to burn burn$through$its$fuel$ through more fuel than faster.$;s$well$as$this-$ it needs* Revving the don:t$be$heavy$handed $ engine too much can with$your$accelerator$ also waste etrol* and$rev$too$much.$6t:s$ the$simple$things?$-$ 9ee$more$at:$ http://www.onyainnova tions.com.au/top-ecofriendly-transporttips/Bsthash.efvlin4i.d

What can the city and general ublic do to sto /reduce rubbish and air ollution%

=:'&&'&( "nternet 8urnside council boo)' olicies and laws

http://www.bu==le. com/articles/whyshould-werecycle.html 8urnside 8oo)

puf >ou should ma)e use of fans or o en windows for cool air as they are more beneficial than air conditioners* /ir conditioners release harmful gas )nown as chlorofluorocarbons which leads to air ollution* When ossible- wal) or bi)e- or use roller blade or s)ateboards to close by wor) locations* Use of car ool or mass transit is also one of the most efficient ways to revent air ollution* >ou can use other communication methods as wellinstead of traveling all the way and losing out on fuel* +ry to lan your small outings and get ma,imum of the wor) done in one tri * +ail i e emissions from vehicles is one of the most common and ma2or reasons of air ollution* Service your vehicles on time and at regular intervals and always insist on cleaning air filters* /fter you reali?e that your vehicle has turned old and is no more an efficient and ollution free vehicle- trade it for a newer model* 4ew vehicles are ollution free and more efficient in rotecting our environment* >ou should use organic roducts while gardening and avoid raising dust while gardening or digging*

+here are multi le ways a city can control ollution* /ir ollution and @rubbish0 ollution are the main forms of ollution that have strategies to hel to sto them from ha ening* Saving rubbish in a city can be as easy as lacing rubbish bins throughout the sho ing malls- ar)s and any areas where food may be consumed* 8ins that don0t re<uire a @lid0 being o ened are a lot easier for eo le to use and they often get used more than a bin with a lid* Reduce- reuse and recycle is a well')nown catch hrase that reminds eo le to recycle lastic and cardboard containersa er items and anything with a #&:c$ recycling label* +his sto s dumbs from getting over crowed and resulting in large landfill areas- that can then go on to ollute the ocean* Wal)ing or riding a bi)e to wor)- school or the sho s is not only good for fitness and wellbeing it is very good for sto ing air ollution* 3ar' ooling with friends is also a great solutiones ecially if you are heading in the same direction* +ail i e emissions from cars are the main form of air ollution- so if cars are used less the air will not be so olluted* Getting car regularly serviced will maintain a clean air filter and

therefore they will not be as harmful* .ld cars are also bad for the environment- if you trade in your old car when it begins to get run down and un' efficient - the newer car you by will be more eco'friendly and better for the environment*'''' >ou should also use fans and o en u windows to )ee cool in the summer* +hey are more environmentally friendly than air conditioners* +his is because air conditioners roduce a harmful gas called chlorofluorocarbonswhich can cause air ollution* Using organic soils and roducts when gardening can hel you to avoid harmful dusts rising into the air* +he world0s most un' sustainable city is !hoeni,- /ri?ona*

What city is the most un' sustainable%

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http://grist.org/clim ate-energy/theleast-sustainablecity-phoenix-as-aharbinger-for-ourhot-future/ http://www.usi.edu/ servicelearning/doc uments/pdf/par&fac tsheet.pdf

!hoeni,- /ri?ona

8enefits of ar)lands in a city%

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8enefits to the individual !ar)s are fantastic for families and individuals of all ages* +hey act as a s ace for eo le to e,ercise- s end time with family and children and en2oy life whilst surrounded by nature* / growing body of research shows that being in contact with nature im roves both hysical and sychological health* 8enefits economically Having ar)s with trees

and family areas is e,tremely o ular for the economy* "t attracts a wide variety of eo le and ar) s aces are often a riority when urchasing a home* 8enefits to the environment +rees and lants are crucial for everyday life* Having ar)s throughout communities will )ee the air clean and return it as fresh o,ygencreate clean drin)able water* "t will also act as homes for many birdsinsects and other animals* How can houses become water saving and environmenta lly friendly% &C'&&'&( 4ews a er /rticle ."e /uardian News!a!er 0di#ital version1 23.4C'5 N2657
,o( to reduce (ater consum"tion in your home

1ut$toilets$aren:t$that$ sexy-$are$they?$9o$how $ about$showers?$.f$ course-$6$could$go$on$ about$how$we$should$ all$be$sharing$them$ and$how$steamy$it$can$ all$get$but-$let:s$be$ realistic-$it:s$not$really$ a$viable$long-term$ water-saving$solution.$ *he$simplest$way$to$ reduce$water$in$a$ shower$is$to$use$a$ shower$timer.$*here$ are$plenty$to$choose$ from$and$they$don:t$ really$need$to$be$ anything$more$ complicated$than$a$ waterproof$egg-timer.$ Ahen$the$average$ shower$uses$"!$litres$ of$water$per$minute$ and$lasts$for$seven$ minutes-$cutting$this$ down$to$four$minutes$ is$pretty$easy$and$will$ save$3!$glorious$litres$ of$the$wet$stuff.

+here are multi le ways that houses can become water efficient* Bifferent citiescountries and suburbs have different water restriction and water saving techni<ues that are com ulsory or strongly encouraged* /s sim le way to save water in the bathroom is to use water timers* +he can be as sim le as a sand timer which is a very chea o tion or a more e, ensive o tion such as water timed shower heads that turn off after a set eriod of time* +hese are a little more costly and do the same 2ob as an egg timer*

Low flow aerating shower heads are a very great and efficient way to save water* +hey add air and ressure to your water @ou$could$go$one$step$ which ma)es the water a ear more owerful further-$and$fit$a$lowand it uses less water flow$aerating$shower$ head$li&e$this$one$from $ at the same time* +his is fantastic to save 5ira$or$this$from$

#amel-$both$of$which$ simply$screw$on$to$ your$old$shower$hose.$ 7or$around$(3!-$this$ will$cut$water$use$from$ "!$litres$down$to$ around$five$or$six-$ depending$on$which$ model$you$go$for-$and$ your$water$pressure.$ ;nd$remember-$you$ pay$for$hot$water$three $ times:$once$to$buy$it-$ once$to$heat$it$and$ once$to$get$rid$of$it.$9o $ every$litre$saved$in$the $ shower$saves$the$cost$ of$heating$it$too.$Aith$ no$noticeable$ reduction$of$water$use- $ it:s$a$simple$winner. 1ut$if$you:re$a$bath$ person$and$don:t$li&e$ the$idea$of$sharing$ water$with$your$ partner$or$family$you$ could$fit$a$waterdiverting$valve$to$the$ outside$bit$of$your$ waste$pipe.$*his$will$ allow$you$to$divert$ water$from$the$bath$to$ a$hosepipe-$to$be$used$ in$the$garden$for$ watering$plants.$ 9imple$but$ingenious$ grey-water$recycling. ;$relatively$small$ amount$of$water$is$ actually$used$in$ coo&ing$and$drin&ing-$ but$washing$up$can$be$ pretty$bad.$;$simple$ solution$is$to$use$a$ washing-up$bowl$>$or$ you$could$go$one$step$ further$and$fit$a$footpedal-operated$tap$li&e $ this$one$from$6C6$flow.$ Duite$simply-$it$means$ you$don:t$need$to$turn$ the$taps$on$and$off$to$ rinse-$and$as$soon$as$ you$step$away$from$ the$sin&$the$tap$goes$ off.$1rilliant.

water in the bathroom)itchen- laundry and garden* Water diverting valves in the bath are very easy to use* +hey divert water into a hose i e which leads into the garden this saves a lot of water and gives it more than one use* Washing fruits and vegetables in a bowl saves water by not constantly using a running ta * +his can save litres and litres of water in the long run* +he water in the bowl can then be used on the garden*

;ll$these$products$are$ easy$to$fit$and$use-$ and$have$helped$cut$ water$use$in$my$own$ home$to$"!!$litres$of$ water$per$person$per$ day$>$a$reduction$of$ over$3!E$Fsaving$me$ extra$in$hot$water$ costs$as$wellG.$2erhaps$ it:s$time$to$for$you$to$ start$thin&ing$longterm$too-$and$put$that$ 0aster$H6@$to$good$use. $ @ou$even$have$an$ excuse$to$share$that$ once-in-a-blue-moon$ shower.

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