MPW2133 MALAYSIAN STUDIES CLASS ACTIVITY 1

1. Before the rise of the Malay Kingdom of Malacca, earlier kingdoms had existed in the country, like Funan, Old Kedah, Chih Tu, Tan-Tan, Tun Sun and Srivijaya. 2. The factors that caused to the success of Malacca Kingdom during 15 century are Malaccas strategic location midway along the trade routes between India and China, Strong trade ties with foreign countries such as ties with China, Efficient administration and Reasonable taxation system. 3. The factors that caused to the Fall of Malacca Kingdom, 1511 are Internal Factors, External Factors (Cape of Hope) and high taxes by Portuguese. 4. The political system of Malacca Kingdom during 15 century applied the concept of sovereignty, king-ship and God-King. - The concept of sovereignty forms the symbol of sovereignty of a reigning monarch, need not necessarily originate from or exist in Malacca - As for the kingship concept, the highest leader in the kingdom hold the title Sultan or King, the will be given elements of sanctity, purity and distinction. - In God King, the belief in, and the existence of genealogies of kings which had been proposed either by word or in written form. The leader also be said have connection with Gods who had descended from their abodes and metamorphosed as Shiva, Bharma or Vishnu, of genies and fairies and other spirits invisible. 5. The coming of Portuguese to Malacca was based on the following reasons: a) Gold b) Gospel c) Glory 6. Portuguese policies in Malacca. o In their greed to control spice trade Muslims traders were treated poorly they later turned to other ports like Johor, Acheh and Demak o Portuguese mercantile policy shows extreme greed o The limited jurisdictions on posts of Bendahara, Temenggung and Syahbandar although they were remained o Traders had to pay high tax, sell goods at low price and obtain special permit before conducting business 7. The Portuguese colonization in Malacca resulted in the ending of Malacca Sultanate. Due to the spreading of Christianity, Malacca no longer play the role as Islamic and trading centre. Also, mix marriages with Eurasian or Serani occurred. Plus, Roman writing was introduced. This made the Malay language more colourful and enriched. The Joget dance was introduced that time. Because the kingdom of Malacca was destroyed, Johor and Perak were born. 8. Dutch conquered Malacca in 1641 because Dutch wanted to monopolize Asian spices and tin trading. Malacca, which was closer to India, can help Dutch get textile from India. Dutch also wanted to destroy Portuguese.

MPW2133 MALAYSIAN STUDIES CLASS ACTIVITY 2

1. The THREE circumstances leading to the founding of Singapore are o British wanted to obtain goods like spices from the East o British needs new place to sell products other than China o British needs a new strategic base to compete with Dutch in terms of trading 2. The THREE circumstances leading to the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty,1824 are o British wanted to keep the alliance with the Dutch going o to separate the territories between Dutch and British to become more systematic o to know who will gain control of Singapore 3. The THREE features of the London Treaty,1824 are o Both parties agreed to suppress piracy o Dutchs Tin Treaties with Perak and Selangor is cancelled o Malay Peninsular completely belonged to British while Rhio-Lingga Archipelago belonged to Holland 4. The THREE effects of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty are o Holland still impose high tax and restriction to British traders o Johore Empire was separated into Johore and Singapore on one side and Rhio-Lingga on the other side o Naning War occurred because British thought Naning was under Malacca 5. THREE states of Straits Settlement States are Pulau Pinang, Singapore and Malacca. 6. The meaning of ; Non-intervention policy = Abstention by a nation from interference in the affairs of othernations or in those of its own political subdivisions. Intervention policy = Interposition or interference of one state in the affairs of another. 7. TWO reasons for British non-intervention policy are East India Company (EIC) wanted a peaceful trading and in order to avoid war in Singapore. 8. There were many factors that brought about the change of non-intervention policy to intervention policy. Among them were to retain the route to the east (Suez Canal), transformation Britain government, to preserve British investment in the Malay States, the threat from foreign intervention, anarchy in Malay Peninsula.