FA-2 ACTIVITY-2 TOPIC- WATER RESOURCES BY AAKARSHIT & ANMOL

WE ALL KNOW THAT THE THREEFOURTH OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE IS COVERED WITH WATER, BUT ONLY A SMALL PROPORTION OF IT ACCOUNTS FOR FRESHWATER THAT CAN BE PUT TO USE. THIS FRESHWATER IS MAINLY OBTAINED FROM SURFACE RUN OFF AND GROUND WATER WHICH IS CONTINUALLY BEING RENEWED AND RECHARED THROUGH THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE. ALL WATER MOVES WITHIN THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE ENSURING THAT WATER IS A RENEWABLE RESOURCE.

96.5% OF THE TOTAL VOLUME OF WORLDS WATER IS ESTIMATED TO EXIT AS OCEANS AND 2.5%AS FRESHWATER. NEARLY, 70% OF THIS FRESH WATER OCCURS AS ICE SHEETS AND GLACIERS IN ANTARCTICA. GREEN LAND AND THE MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS RECEIVCE LESS RAINFALL THAN 30% RAIN AND INDIA RECEIVCES NEARLY, 4% OF THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION AND RANKS 133 IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF WATER AVAILABILITY PER PERSON PER ANNUM.

WATER IS VERY USEFUL AND BENEFICAL FOR US. ITR IS USED FOR DRINKING , COOKING, WASHING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES ALSO. WATER IS USED IN FACTORIES FOR COOLING THE MACHINES AND FOR A NUMBER OF THINGS .

IT IS STRANGE THAT WATER CAN GIVE LIFE AND TAKE LIFE AS WELL. WATER SCARCITY IS A SHORTAGE OF WATER AS COMPARED TO ITS DEMAND. REGIONS WHICH HAVING LOW RAINFALL, AND ARE DROUGHT PRONE , AND WHICH HAVING HIGH RAINFALL BUT ALSO HAVING HIGH POPULATION.AS SHOWN IN PICTUERS

WASTAGE OF WATER

WATER SCARCITY IS DUE TO MANY RESEASONS LIKE OVER POPULATION, OVER EXPLOPITATION.

A MULTI PURPOSE PROJECT IS THAT WHICH FULFILLS A VARITIES OF PURPOSES AT THE SAME TIME LIKE IRRIGATION, FLOOD CONTROL, FISH BREEDING, SOIL CONSERVATION, AND SO ON. THEY LAUNCHED AFTER INDEPENDENCE WITH THEIR INTERGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT APPROACH.

A DAM IS A BARRIER ACROSS THE FLOPWING WATERT THAT OBTRUCTS, DISSECTS OR RETARDS THE FLOW, OFTEN CREATING A RESERVIOR, LAKER OR IMPUNDMENT. AND PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PROUDLY PROCLAIMED THE DAMS AS THE TEMPLES OF MODERN INDIA .

CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE PEOPLE DUE TO THE DAMS.

ANDOLANS ON PROJECTS MULTI PROJECTS AND LARGE DAMS HAVE ALSO BEEN THE CAUSE OF MANY NEW SOCIALMOVEMENTS LIKE Narmada BACHAO ANDOLAN TEHRI DAM ANDOLAN

RAIN WATER HARVESTING IS A TECHNIQUE OF INCREASING THE RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER BY CAPTURING AND STORING RAIN WATER , BY CONSTRUCTING STRUCTUERS SUCH AS PERCOLATING PITS , CHECK DAMS ETC.

1. ROOF TOP WATER IS COLLECTED USING A PVC PIPE 2. FILTERED USING SAND AND BRICKS 3. UNDER GROUND PIPE TAKES WATER TO SUMP FOR IMMEDIATE USAGE 4.EXCESS WATER FROM THE IS TAKEN TO THE WELL 5. WATER FROM THE WELL RECHARGES THEUNDERGROUND 6. TAKE WATER FROM THE WELL .

IN THE SEMI- ARID AND ARID REGIONS OF RAJASTHAN , PARTICULARLY IN BIKANER . PHALODI AND UNDER GROUND TANKS OR TANKAS FOR STORING DRINKING WATER. THE TANKS COULD BE AS LARGE AS A BIG ROOM LIKE IT WAS 6.1 M deep, 4.27long and 2.44 m wide .

Tamil Nadu is a first and the only state in India which has roof top rain water harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.

SAVE WATER . DONT WASTE IT BECAUSE IT IS VERY USEFUL ANDBENEFICAL FOR US.