SAND: Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.

The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica silicon dio!ide, or Si"#$, usually in the form of %uart&. '("')(T*)S "+ SAND: *mportant properties of sand include:

,ineral composition, -hether single mineral grains like %uart& sand, or made up of other minerals or small rock fragments. Sands containing a large proportion of heavy minerals, such as rutile and &ircon are mined as sources of titanium and &irconium. There are also sands rich in magnetite, suitable for treating as iron ore.

.rain si&e and si&e distribution sorting$. /ell sorted sands single si&ed$ are useful for industrial applications, -hereas sand -ith a -ide distribution of grainsi&e is preferred for concrete manufacture because a poorly sorted sand has less pore space, and less cement is needed in making concrete$.

'orosity and permeability. /ell sorted sand has a higher permeability, and is suitable for drainage materials and, especially if pure %uart& sand, for -ater filtration.

.rain shape angular, subangular or rounded$. ,ore angular sand is preferred for concrete manufacture, and -ell-rounded sand is preferred for filtration sand. Source:/orked in the industry

.ood sand should possess the follo-ing properties: *t should be clean and coarse. *t should be free from any organic or vegetable matter0 usually 1-2 per cent

clay is permitted. *t should be chemically inert. *t should contain sharp, angular, coarse and durable grains. *t should not contain salts -hich attract moisture from the atmosphere. *t should be -ell graded, i.e., it should contain particles of various si&es in suitable proportions. *t should be strong and durable. *t should be clean and free from coatings of clay and silt.

'hysical 'roperties of Sand Sand is a common type of soil, -hich is having very fine particle si&e. The physical properties of sand include-*t is made of silica, %uart& -ith traces of other substances like titanium*t is usually having irregular particle shape.'article si&e is usually very small, but not so small that it can pass through a sieve.