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Contents
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Component Arrive and Leave Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Swapping the Arrive and Leave P-points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Component Specification Reference Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable Length Tube (and Rod) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insulation Specification Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trace Heating Specification Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Fabrication Flags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Position and Orientation Status Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable Component Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offline/Straight-Through Component Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multi-Way Component Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Component Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direction-Changing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Component Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forced Component Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3:26 3:27 3:28 3:29 3:30 3:31 3:31 3:32 3:32 3:33 3:34 3:35 3:37 3:39 3:41
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Creating and Positioning Secondary Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:9 Creating and Positioning Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:10
Creating Primary Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Secondary Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Joint Geometry via a Specification Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Positioning and Orientating Primary Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Positioning and Orientating Secondary Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:11 5:11 5:12 5:12 5:13
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Parameterisation using Design Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:7 Assigning Local Names to Template Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:8
Setting Local Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:9 Using Local Names in Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:9
Setting Priorities for Evaluating Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:10 Adding Design Points to Template Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:11 Using a Design Template Item in a Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:12 Portsets and Linksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:13
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1
1.1
Introduction
About the DESIGN Reference Manual
The DESIGN Reference Manual describes all the Design commands in detail. DESIGN is normally used interactively. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides discipline-based applications which help you to create, check and report on the model. How to use the applications is described in user guides and on-line help. This manual is written for experienced users of PDMS DESIGN who need to use commands, for example, to write batch macros or to customise the GUI. If you are going to customise the GUI, you will also need to refer to the Software Customisation Guide and Software Customisation Reference Manual for information about PML, the AVEVA programming language.
1.2
1.3
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Structural Design Using Catalogue Components, describes its main focus on structural steelwork design, with extensions of the concepts to include their use for representing walls and floors in more general building design. Design Templates are groups of elements which can be defined and stored as a single parameterised element, and then inserted into a model.
For a comprehensive list of all PDMS attributes and pseudo-attributes, see the Plant Design Software Customisation Reference Manual.
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2.1
2.1.1
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Holes may be plunged through solid primitives using a corresponding set of negative primitives. The examples given in this subsection refer to the Box and Cylinder; a complete description of all primitive elements and their attributes can be found in Data Model Reference Manual.
Example:
XLEN 1000
(At a Box)
DIA 3 FT
(At a Cylinder)
The diameter of the cylinder becomes 3 feet Command Syntax: Refer to the Data Model Reference Manual.
DIAMETER
HEIGHT
Figure 2:1.
2.1.2
Description: The Nozzle is the only basic equipment primitive that obtains some of its physical dimensions directly from the PDMS Catalogue. The size and rating are determined by
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setting the CATREF (Catalogue Reference) attribute which refers to an element in the Catalogue. The Nozzle height, however, is determined on site by setting the corresponding Height attribute. If the CATREF attribute is not set, the Nozzle is merely a hierarchical element with no geometry.
Examples:
CATR /NFAARPMM
(At Nozzle)
The size and rating of the Nozzle are set by naming the appropriate Catalogue choice.
HEI 26
(At Nozzle)
2.1.3
Example:
LEVEL 6 10
The current primitive will be drawn if the operative drawing LEVEL is within the specified range.
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Command Syntax:
Figure 2:2.
2.1.4
Obstruction Settings
Keywords: OBSTRUCTION Description: The OBSTRUCTION attribute indicates to the clash detection facility whether a primitive should be considered as a Hard or Soft obstruction, or not at all. Obstructions can be specified as HARD, SOFT or NONE, or alternatively they can be specified numerically as follows: For ordinary primitives, the following rules apply: No obstruction (internal graphical details) Soft obstruction (access volumes etc.) Hard obstruction (vessel envelopes etc.).
Holes (i.e. negative primitives) also have the OBSTRUCTION attribute. OBSTRUCTION settings for Nozzles and Piping are given in the Catalogue. Note: See also Chapter 4 in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual for details of the Spatial Map which is used during clash-checking.
Examples:
OBST SOFT
(At a primitive)
OBST HARD
(At a primitive)
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Examples:
OBST NONE
(At a primitive)
OBST 2
(At a primitive)
Figure 2:3.
2.2
The position of the Current Element is normally defined as that of its origin. However options exist to allow any p-point belonging to the item to be used as the positioning reference.
2.2.1
Positioning at a Coordinate
Keywords: POSITION AT
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Description: This command positions the Current Element directly by giving the 3D coordinates, the name of another element or p-point position, or visually by using the cursor. Examples:
AT E3 N46 U1
Current Element will be placed at the specified owner coordinate position (see Figure 2:4.: Positioning the Current Element at a known point). Current Element will be placed at the p-point picked by the cursor. The Current Element will be placed at the toleranced working grid position indicated by the cursor hit. Prompt alerts appear, and the position is generated by hits in two orthogonal views. The specified PIN and Current Element will be positioned as a single rigid item, so that the PIN is at E3000 N0 U0 (see Figure 2:5.: Positioning a PIN and the current element together at a known point).
AT IDP@ AT@
Command Syntax:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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Querying Examples:
Gives position of Current Element origin in owner coordinates Gives position of Current Element origin in Site Gives position of picked p-point
CE ORIGIN
1'
OWNER ORIGIN
4' 6"
3'
Figure 2:4.
Figure 2:5.
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2.2.2
Description: This command is used to position the Current Element using polar coordinates. This is particularly useful for positioning Nozzles. The coordinates are relative to the owners origin.
Examples:
The Current Element will be placed 300 from its owners origin along E45N (see Figure 2:6.: Polar positioning from the origin). The Current Element will be placed 3000 from its owners origin along the direction of PIN1 (see Figure 2:6.: Polar positioning from the origin). moved as a rigid entity so that the p-point is the specified polar distance from the owners origin.
POS IDP@ POLAR S1OW DIST3 The p-point hit and the current element will be
Command Syntax: >--+-- POSition <marke> --. | | ----------------------+-- POLar <bdir> DISTance <uval> --> Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| -->
<gid> -->
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Figure 2:6.
2.2.3
Description: This command differs from the basic polar option by allowing the distance from the owners origin to be specified more generally. The PLANE element of the command enables this distance to be given in a direction different from the polar direction. For example, an element may be placed on a line North 25 East, and at N250 from the owners origin. Examples: Example:
POLAR N30E PLANE N Positions the Current Element along the N30E line from the DIST 1000 owner origin at N1000 (see Figure 2:7.: General polar
positioning from the origin by specifying a plane). Command Syntax:
>-+- POSition <marke> -. | | --------------------+- POLar <bdir> -+- PLAne <bdir> -. | | ----------------+- DISTance <uval> ->
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Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| -->
<gid> -->
Figure 2:7.
2.3
2.3.1
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Examples:
ORI Y IS N AND Z IS UP
The Current Element is rotated about its origin so that its Y axis is pointing North (in owner coordinates) and its Z axis is pointing up (see Figure 2:8.: Design element orientation (1)). The Current Element is rotated so that its P1 p-point is pointing East in owner coordinates (see Figure 2:9.: Design element orientation (2)).
ORI P1 IS E
Command Syntax: >- ORIentate -+- <bdir> IS <bdir> -. | | --------------------+- AND <bdir> IS <bdir> -. | | ------------------------+--> Querying: >-- Query ORIentation --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
Figure 2:8.
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Figure 2:9.
2.3.2
Description: The ROTATE command allows you to rotate any Design element, including a Group. The rotation required may be specified in any of the following ways: As a specified angle of rotation about the elements default axis (i.e. the Z axis). As a specified angle of rotation about a given axis, the latter defined by its direction and/or through point. If the direction and/or through point are omitted, the default direction is that of the Neutral Axis or Z axis; the default through point is the Origin. By reference to the elements axes.
Example: ROTATE BY -45 Rotates by 45 about the elements Z axis (anticlockwise when looking in the +Z direction, since the rotation is specified as a negative angle). Rotates by 45 about the E-W axis (clockwise when looking E). The same as the preceding example. Rotates element about an axis which passes in the N-S direction through its p-point 3 position. The rotation is 25 anticlockwise when looking S along this axis. Rotates element until the Y axis points as closely as possible to the N45W25D direction.
ROTATE BY 45 ABOUT E
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Command Syntax:
Rotation about a given axis:
>- ROTate ABOut <bdir> + THRough <bpos> -+- BY -+- <uval> ----------------. | | | | | | - <bdir> TOwards <bdir> -| | | | | - AND <bdir> IS <bdir> ---------+-> | | BY -+- <uval> ----------------. | | | | - <bdir> TOwards <bdir> -+-> | | AND <bdir> IS <bdir> -+- THRough <bpos> -. | | ------------------+->
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2.3.3
Example:
CONN P2 TO P1 OF / The P2 of the Current Element is connected to the specified A p-point on another element (see Figure 2:10.: Connecting
primitives by direct specification).
The Current Element and PIN1 are moved and rotated so that PIN1 connects to the p-point hit. The first point hit (belonging to the Current Element) is connected to the second point (belonging to another element). The Current Element is rotated so that its X axis is North in owner coordinates (see Figure 2:11.: Connecting primitives by using cursor selection).
Note: The first p-point in the command must belong to the Current Element. Command Syntax: >-- CONnect <marke> TO <marke> -+- AND <bdir> IS <bdir> --. | | -------------------------+--> Querying: >-- Query ORIentation --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | --> >-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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Figure 2:11.
2.4
2.4.1
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Examples:
BY E300 N400
Moves the Current Element by the specified amounts along the owners axes (see Figure 2:12.: Moving along specified axes). Moves the Current Element by the specified amount along the Sites East axis (see Figure 2:12.: Moving along specified axes).
Command Syntax:
>-- BY
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
N
N
BY E3000 WRT SITE CE
OWNER AXES
BY E3000
E
SITE AXES
2.4.2
Description: This command displaces the Current Element in any specified direction by a given distance.
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Examples:
MOVE N45E DIST 100 The Current Element is displaced along East 45 North in
owner coordinates by the specified distance (see Figure 2:13.: Moving a given distance in a given direction (1)).
MOVE TOW IDP@ DIST The Current Element is displaced towards the picked p-point 100 by the specified amount (see Figure 2:14.: Moving a given
distance in a given direction (2)). Command Syntax:
>-- MOVe --+-- ALOng --. | | -----------+-- <bdir> DISTance <uval> -->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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2.4.3
Description: This command differs from the basic option by allowing the distance moved to be specified in a different plane from the actual movement direction.
Example: The Current Element is moved towards the specified design MOVE TOW / DATUM PLANE E DIST item until its Easting (in owner coordinates) has changed by 1000 1000 (see Figure 2:15.: Moving in a direction specified in a different plane). Command Syntax:
>-- MOVe --+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> -+-- PLAne <bdir> --. | | ------------------+-- DISTance <uval> ->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| -->
<gid> -->
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2.5
2.5.1
Description: This command moves the Current Element until its origin intersects with the Reference Plane through a fixed 3D point.
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Examples:
Moves the Current Element along the given direction until it intersects the Reference Plane through the origin of the named element (see Figure 2:16.: Moving along a given direction through an intersection). Moves the Current Element along the given owner axis until it intersects the Reference Plane through E3000 N0 U0 (see Figure 2:17.: Moving to intersect a plane through a given point). Moves the Current Element along the given direction until it intersects the Reference Plane through the picked ppoint (see Figure 2:18.: Moving to intersect a plane through a given point).
Note: The Reference Plane is perpendicular to the movement direction. Command Syntax:
>-- MOVe --+-- ALOng --. | | -----------+-- <bdir> THRough <bpos> -->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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2.5.2
Description: This command moves the Current Element until its origin intersects the Reference Plane a given distance either side of a fixed 3D point.
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Examples:
Move the Current Element N30W until its origin intersects a Reference Plane 30 before (or beyond) the origin of /BOX (see Figure 2:19.: Moving either side of an intersection).
MOVE E DIST 1000 F Move the Current Element East until its origin intersects a ROM /VESSEL5 Reference Plane 1000 beyond the origin of /VESSEL5 (see
Figure 2:20.: Moving either side of a plane specified relative to another element).
MOVE ALONG N45E DI Move the Current Element along N45E until its origin ST 20 TO /COL8 intersects a Reference Plane 20 before the origin of /COL8
(see Figure 2:21.: Moving either side of a plane specified relative to another element). Note: The Reference Plane is perpendicular to the movement direction. Command Syntax:
>-- MOVe --+-- ALOng --. | | -----------+-<bdir> DISTance <uval> --+-- FROm --. | | -- TO ----+-- <bpos> -->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
30
REFERENCE PLANES
MOVE N30W...
Figure 2:19. Moving either side of an intersection
CE
(START POSITION)
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Figure 2:20. Moving either side of a plane specified relative to another element
Figure 2:21. Moving either side of a plane specified relative to another element
2.5.3
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Examples: Move the picked p-point (or the Current Element) towards / MOVE IDP@ TOW / DATUM PLANE N THRO DATUM until it intersects N1000 (see Figure 2:22.: Moving to UGH N1000 an intersection by separately specifying direction and plane).
MOVE ALONG E PLANE Move the Current Element East until it intersects an oblique N45W DIST 20 TO / Reference Plane 20 before the origin of /TANK5 (see Figure TANK5 2:23.: Moving to an intersection by separately specifying
direction and plane). Note: DISTANCE is measured in the direction of the Reference Plane and not the movement direction. Command Syntax:
>- MOVe -+- <marke> -. | | -----------+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> -. | | ----------+- PLANe <bdir> -+| | | | | || || <dist> = >- DISTance - <uval> ->
<dist> -+- FROm -. | | |- TO ---+- <bpos> -. | | -------------------| | FROm ----. | | | TO ------| | | | THRough -+- <bpos> ---------+->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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2.6
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2.6.1
Description: This command moves the Current Element until its origin is a specified distance one side or the other of a fixed geometric object. This takes into account the volume of the referenced element but not of the Current Element. Therefore it is applicable to, say, spacing the centreline of a vessel or column a certain distance from the surface of a wall.
Examples:
MOVE E DIST 1000 B The Current Element is moved East until its origin is 1000 EH /WALL10 beyond the far side of /WALL10 (see Figure 2:24.: Moving
either side of a fixed object).
MOVE N45E DISTANCE The Current Element is moved until its origin is 20 to the near 20 INFRONT /EXCH5 side of /EXCH5 (see Figure 2:24.: Moving either side of a
fixed object and Figure 2:25.: Moving either side of a fixed object in a specified direction). Command Syntax:
>- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> DISTance <uval> -+- FROm -. | | - TO ---+- <bpos> -+- INFront -. | | - BEHind --+- <gid> --. | | |- marke> -| | | - <bpos> -+->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> ---. | | ----------------------+-->
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2.6.2
Description: This command moves the Current Element until its origin is a specified distance above or below a fixed geometric object. This takes into account the shape of the referenced object but not that of the Current Element. It is therefore applicable to, say, placing the centreline of a vessel a certain distance above the top surface of a beam.
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Example:
Moves the Current Element along a vertical line until its origin lies in the upper surface of /BOX (see Figure 2:27.: Moving above/below a fixed object).
MOVE ALONG E45D DISTA Moves the Current Element along E45D until its origin is NCE 3000 UNDER /BEAM 3000 vertically below /BEAM (see Figure 2:26.: Moving
above/below a fixed object in a specified direction and Figure 2:27.: Moving above/below a fixed object). Note: ONTOP means above in owner co-ordinates regardless of original Current Element position. The DISTANCE is always measured vertically in owner co-ordinates. Command Syntax:
>- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> DISTance <uval> -+- FROm -. | | - TO ---+- <bpos> -+- UNDer -. | | - ONTop -+- <gid> --. | | |-<marke> -| | | - <bpos> -+->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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2.6.3
Description: This command differs from the basic options by allowing any point on the Current Element to be moved to a specified distance from the surface of a fixed design item. In addition the distance may be specified in a direction independent of the movement direction.
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Examples:
The Current Element will be moved East until the specified p-point is zero distance in front of /BOX (see Figure 224). Moves the current Equipment by positioning the Nozzle at the specified location.
Command Syntax:
>- MOVe <marke> -+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> PLAne <bdir> DISTance <uval> <repla> ->
FROm --. | TO ----+-- <bpos> --> INFront --. | BEHind ---| | UNDer ----| | ONTop ----+-- <gid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | -- <bpos> ---+-->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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2.7
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2.7.1
Description: This command moves the Current Element until its geometric volume is a specified clearance from a fixed Design element, Point or position.
Examples:
MOVE ALONG E45N CL Move the Current Element until its volume is zero clearance EAR BEHIND /BOX behind BOX (see Figure 2:29.: Moving to a given clearance in
a specified direction).
Move the Current Element East until its volume is 1000 this side of the given fixed item (see Figure 2:30.: Moving to a given clearance).
MOVE E45N CLEAR 10 Move the Current Element along E45N until its volume is 100 0 BEH IDP@ beyond the cursor hit p-point (see Figure 2:30.: Moving to a
given clearance). Command Syntax:
>- MOVe <marke> -+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> CLEArance <uval> -+- INFront -. | | - BEHind --+- <gid>--. | | |- <marke>-| | | - <bpos> -+->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --. | | ----------------------+-->
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2.7.2
Description: This command takes into account the geometry of both the Current and Referenced elements. In this way a minimum clearance can be specified between two Design items (for example, to ensure that a walkway is a sufficient distance away from a heated autoclave).
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Example:
MOVE E CLEARANCE 1 The Current Element is moved East until its entire volume is 000 BEH /WALL10 1000 clear of the side of /WALL10 (see Figure 2:31.: Moving
to clear another object).
MOVE D CLEARANCE O The Current Element is moved down until it has a zero NTO /BEAM clearance above the element /BEAM (see Figure 2:31.:
Moving to clear another object). Command Syntax: >- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- CLEArance <uval> -+| || || -
INFront -. | BEHind --| | UNDer ---| | ONTop ---+- <gid> --. | | |- <marke> -| | | - <bpos> --+->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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2.7.3
Description: This command moves the Current Element until its volume is a specified vertical clearance above or below a fixed element, Point or position.
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Example:
MOVE ALONG U30W CL The Current Element will be moved vertically until it is zero EAR ONTO /BEAM clearance above /BEAM (see Figure 2:32.: Moving to a given
vertical clearance in a specified direction).
MOVE E60D CLEAR 10 The Current Element will be moved E60D until it is 1000 00 UNDER PIN6 below the specified Design point (see Figure 2:33.: Moving to
a given vertical clearance). Command Syntax:
>- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> CLEArance <uval> -+- UNDer -. | | - ONTop -+- <gid> --. | | |- <marke> -| | | - <bpos> --+->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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2.7.4
Description: This command differs from the basic option by allowing the movement direction and clearance to be specified in different planes.
Example:
The Current Element will be moved towards / TANK5 until it has 30 clearance this side in an East/West direction (see Figure 2:34.: Moving to a given clearance relative to a specified plane).
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Command Syntax:
>- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ---------+- <bdir> -+- PLAne <bdir> -. | | ----------------+- TOwards <bpos> -. | .--------------------------------<------------------------------- | - CLEARance <uval> +- INFront -. | | - BEHind --| |- <gid> --. | | |- <marke> -| | | - <bpos> --+->
Querying:
>-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
2.8
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The values of positional attributes and directional attributes are derived by direct reflection in the plane. Orientations are processed such that they remain right-handed. For most elements this is achieved by reflecting the Y and Z axes directly, while reflecting and reversing the X axis. The exceptions to this rule are: Toruses (CTOR, RTOR, NCTO, NRTO), whose X and Y axes are reflected directly while the Z axis is reflected and reversed; The piping elements Tee, Nozzle, Elbow, Coupling, Reducer and Flange, where the ppoints are used to decide the axis of greatest symmetry for the reversal. For example, an ELBO with p-point directions along X and Y will be reversed in the Z direction.
You will most likely use the mirror positioning options in conjunction with the COPY command (see Sections 2.1.5 and 2.1.6 of Database Management Reference Manual) to create a new part of the design model which is a mirror image of an existing part. Note: Since mirror-image components will not always be available in the Catalogue, no attempt is made to reflect catalogue geometry or to reference alternative catalogue components. Keywords: MIRROR Description: Moves the current element to a new position which is calculated by reflecting the initial position in a specified plane.
Example:
Reflects position of current element in plane which has given direction and which passes through /TANK5 (see Figure 2:35.: Mirroring a position in a plane).
Command Syntax:
>-- MIRRor -- <plane> -->
where <plane> is any of the standard ways of specifying a plane through a given point in a given direction:
<plane> = >-+- PLAne <bdir> -+- DISTance <uval> -+- <repla> ------. | | | | | | ----------------| | | | | |- <repla> --------------------------| | | | | |- THRough <bpos> -------------------| | | | | - CLEArance -+- <uval> -. | | | | | | ----------+- <repla> -| | | | | |- <planf> -| | | | | -----------| |- DISTance - <uval> -+- <repla> -. | | | | | | |- <planf> -| |
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| | | || | | | | | | || || -
| | | -----------+-------------------| | CLEArance -+- <uval> -. | | | | ----------+- <repla> -. | | | | |- <planf> -| | | | | -----------+----------------| | <repla> -------------------------------------------| | THRough <bpos> ------------------------------------| | <planf> -------------------------------------------+-> INFront --. | BEHind ---+-- <sgid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | -- <bpos> ---| | FROm --. | | | TO ----+-- <bpos> ------+-->
>--+-- ONTop --. | | -- UNDer --+-- <sgid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | -- <bpos> ---+-->
/TANK5
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3.1
Defining a Branch
Before routing takes place, various preparatory steps are taken to define the Specification and the start and end points of the Branch or Hanger. The Piping Specification and Insulation Specification are defined first, so that all Components created within the Branch can be selected correctly. The Head and Tail attributes can be set either by explicit positioning or by connection to another item (e.g. a Nozzle). The Tail position may be in free space, when it is determined by the Leave point of the final Component in the Branch. It is quite normal in such circumstances to route the pipe with only the HEAD attributes set up. (The reverse may also apply if routing backwards.) When a Branch is connected to another item, the attributes of the element that it is connected to are set to refer to the Branch. For example, if a Branch Head is connected to a Nozzle, then the CREF (Connection Reference) attribute of the Nozzle is set to refer to the Branch. Note that when a Branch is connected to a Nozzle, the Nozzle may be part of a database to which the piping engineer does not have write-access. In this case, an Inter-DB Connection Macro is created, which can be run by the designer who does have write access to the second database. This macro is a sequence of commands that, for example, sets the CREF of a Nozzle that has been connected to by the piping designer. For more information, see Database Management Reference Manual.
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3.2
Examples:
PSPEC /A35B8 (At Pipe level) PSPEC /A15A2 (At Branch level)
The PSPE attribute of the Pipe and all subsequently created Branches will be set to /A35B8. The PSPE attribute of the Branch will be set to /A15A2. All subsequent selection commands at that Branch or one of its Components will use that Specification by default.
Note: The Specification named must be currently available to the designer. Command Syntax:
>-- PSPEcification
name -->
3.3
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Examples:
The Head attributes of the current element (Branch or Hanger) are set to match the position, orientation, bore and connection type of the Nozzle (see Figure 3:1.: Connecting a Branch Head or Tail). The Tail attributes of the current element will be set to match the Leave Point of the last Component (that is not an Attachment point). The Tail attributes of the current element will be set to match the free p-point on the specified TEE (see Figure 3:1.: Connecting a Branch Head or Tail). The Tail attributes of the current element will be set to match the specified p-point.
CONN PT TO /100-A8/T2 (Where /100-A8/T2 is a TEE) CONN PT TO P4 OF /VF205 (Where /VF205 is a VFWA.)
CONN PH TO PT OF /100-A8/1 The Head attributes of the current element will be (Where /100-A8/1 is set to match the Tail of the specified Branch. another Branch) CONN PH TO ID NOZZ@
As in the first example, but with the Nozzle identified by cursor selection.
Note: Before a CONNECT command is given, the Branch Specification attribute must be set. Connection to elements not within the designers jurisdiction (Read Only) will cause an inter-DB connection macro to be created automatically (see the Database Management Reference Manual). Command Syntax:
>-- Query --+-- PHead --. | | |-- HHead --| | | |-- PTail --| | | -- HTail --+--> >-- Query --+-- HPosition --. | | -- TPosition --+-- WRT --. | | -- IN ---+-- <gid> -->
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CE
CONN PH TO /1205-N5 PH H E A D
BRANCH
/1205-N5
T A I L
PT
PA
PL
/100-A8/T2
Figure 3:1. Connecting a Branch Head or Tail
3.3.1
Examples:
Sets TREF of current element to point to Head of /PIPE2 and setsHREF of /PIPE2 to point back to the current element. Unsets HREF; i.e. disconnects Head from any other element.
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CE ------. | HEAd ----| | BRANch --| | TAIl ----+--> HREF --. | TREF --+-->
3.3.2
Description: It is sometimes necessary to terminate a Branch (or Hanger) in free space; for instance, where a Branch reaches the Battery Limits. Where this termination ends with a length of TUBE (or ROD) and no Head or Tail connection can be made, it is necessary to set the Head/Tail attributes individually.
Examples:
The Head position is set as specified in owner coordinates. The Head direction is set as specified in World coordinates. The Head Bore is set as specified. The Head Connection Type is set as specified.
Note: If a data consistency error is to be avoided, the HCONN or TCONN of a free end must be set to one of the following: OPEN, CLOS, VENT, DRAN (drain), or NULL. Command Syntax:
HPos --. | TPos --+-- <bpos> --> HDir --. | TDir --+-- <bdir> --> HBOre --. | TBore --+-- <uval> -->
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3.3.3
The TPOS attribute will be set to the position 1000 from the leave p-point of the last Branch member (i.e. previous Component). The HPOS attribute will be set to the intersection between the line from the Arrive p-point of the Previous Component and the perpendicular plane through E3000 N0 U0 in owner coordinates.
Command Syntax:
PHead --. | PTail --| | HHead --| | HTail --+-- DISTance <uval> --. | | -- THRough <bpos> ---+-->
Querying:
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LAST COMPONENT
PL
D PT
1000
PH D
PA
30
OWNER AXES
Figure 3:2.
3.3.4
Description: This command allows the Head or Tail of a Branch to be moved vertically to a specified clearance above or below a Design element or Point. If the Head or Tail Tube has been selected, then its cross-section will be taken into account. (Otherwise the HPOS or TPOS will be moved to the specified clearance, as no Tube geometry is available.)
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Example:
BOP ONTO /BEAM (At the Head) TOP UNDER U3000 (At the Tail)
This will position the Tube on top of /BEAM with a clearance of 0. This will position the Tail under the elevation U3000 with a clearance of 0.
Note: If no Tube can be found emerging from the point specified, then only the points position can be used. Command Syntax: >--+-- BOP --. | | -- TOP --+-- <uval> --. | | ------------+-| |-| | |-| |-| |-| --
FROm --. | TO ----+-- <bpos> --> INFront --. | BEHind ---| | ONTop ----| | UNDer ----+-- <gid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | -- <bpos> ---+-->
Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| -PHead ------. | PTail ------| | HTail ------| | HHead ------| | HPosition --| | TPosition --+-->
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UP
PH
PT
PH PT 3000 /BEAM
OWNER AXES
HORIZONTAL
Figure 3:3.
3.3.5
Description: This command allows the Head or Tail position to be moved by a specified distance, relative to its current position, in the direction of PH or PT. Alternatively, it allows the Head or Tail to be moved by an amount specified in any coordinates.
Examples:
Moves the Tail by 2000 from its current position, in the opposite direction to PT. Moves the Tail by 2000 East and 500 South from its current position
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Command Syntax: >-- MOVe --+-| |-| |-| -PHead --. | HHead --| | PTail --| | HTail --+-- BY <pos> --+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | | | --> | -- DISTance <uval> -->
Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| -PHead ------. | PTail ------| | HTail ------| | HHead ------| | HPosition --| | TPosition --+-->
Figure 3:4.
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3.3.6
Example:
RECON
Finds all Nozzle elements which are Offspring of the current element. For each Nozzle, any Branch Head (or Tail) which is connected to it is repositioned at the Nozzle.
Command Syntax:
3.4
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3.4.1
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The CHOOSE command may be used within the same command line as a NEW command. Example:
CHOOSE
Displays a general Selection form for the current element. Selection criteria displayed will depend on those available in the specification. Example form:
CHOOSE TEXT
Displays a Selection form listing choices based on the Specification Components (SPCOMs) Detail Description Text (obtained from the RTEX attribute of the relevant DTEX element) and Material Description Text (obtained from the XTEX attribute of the relevant MTEX element). Example form:
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Example:
Displays a Selection form listing choices based on the SPCOMs Detail Description Text (obtained from the RTEX, STEX or TTEX attribute of the relevant DTEX element). Example form:
Displays a Selection form listing choices based on the SPCOMs Material Description Text (obtained from the XTEX, YTEX, or ZTEX attribute of the relevant MTEX element). Example form:
CHOOSE ALL
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CHOOSE SPEC /RF150 As CHOOSE, but selections are made from the named
specification rather than from that of the owning Branch.
CHOOSE DEFAULT
Default settings will be selected wherever they occur in the Specification. For example, if the default STYP for a Reducer is CONC, only Concentric Reducers will be listed in the selection form.
Choose from Reducers with specified arrive and leave NEW REDU CHOOSE WITH ABOR 1 bores only 00 LBOR 80
Command Syntax:
>- CHOOse -+- AUTOConnect --. | | |- FORCEConnect -+- ON --. | | | | - OFF -+-> | |- SPec <gid> -. | | --------------+- DEFault -. | | -----------+- RTEX -. | | |- STEX -| | |
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|- TTEX -| | | |- XTEX -| | | |- YTEX -| | | |- ZTEX -| | | |- TEXT -| | | |- ALL --| .----<----. | | / | --------+- WITH -*- <wivl> --| | | | | - <wiwor> -+-> ->
where:
<wivl> is>--+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| -PBOre integer --. | ANgle ----------| | RAdius ---------| | ABOre ----------| | LBOre ----------| | PREssure -------| | TEMperature ----| | RATing ---------+-- <uval> -->
and
<wiwor> is >--+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| -STYpe --. | TYpe ---| | ACOnn --| | LCOnn --+-- word --> PCOnn integer word --> word --+-- value --. | | -- word ---+-->
3.4.2
ELBO SEL WITH STYP LR TEE SEL WI PBOR 3 150 FLAN SEL WI STYP WN REDU SEL WI STYP ECC LBOR 100
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3.4.3
3.4.4
In both instances, the designer must specify the relevant Headings with the required Entry as part of the SELECT command. After a successful SELECT command, the design attributes will be updated with the relevant values from the Specification. The relevant attributes are ANGLE, RADIUS and SHOP, and HEIGHT if specified in the SELECT command.
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Examples:
SELECT
The default Component and Leave Tube will be selected from the Branch Specification. The Current Element SPREF and LSTU attributes will be set to the chosen Specification Component names. The current element and Leave Tube will be selected using the default choices except for the STYPE Heading which has been specified. selected using the default choice except for the Headings specified. (If the Component LEAVE is 2, then the Leave Tube will also be 50 bore.
SEL WI STYPE ECC PBOR 2 50 The current element and Leave Tube will be
SEL WI ANGLE 45
The current element and Leave Tube will be selected using the default choice except for the ANGLE heading. Also, the ANGLE attribute of the Current Component will be set to 45. (Similar behaviour occurs with HEIGHT and RADIUS.) The current element will be selected using the default choice. However the Leave p-point and Leave Tube will be selected with the specified nominal bore.
SEL WI LBOR 50
Command Syntax: .------<-------. / | >-- SElect WIth --*-- SPec <gid> --| | | |-- <wivl> ------| | | |-- <wiwor> ----- | --> For Selection criteria that are only in the Specification, the Specification itself may also contain information to assist default Selection. This information is in the Default Line of the Specification. Querying: >-- Query --+-- SPRef --. | | -- TUbe ---+--> .-----<-----. / | >-- Q SPECification --*-- <qspci> --+-->
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where <qspci> is: >--+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| -PBOre integer --. | ANgle ----------| | RAdius ---------| | ABOre ----------| | LBOre ----------| | PREssure -------| | TEMperature ----| | RATing ---------| | STYpe ----------| | TYpe -----------| | PCOnn integer --| | ACOnn ----------| | LCOnn ----------| | word -----------+-->
3.4.5
The current element will be Selected from the given Specification using the default choice. The current element will be Selected from the given Specification using the default choice except for STYPE.
Note: The Leave Tube will be selected from the default (Branch) Specification in all cases.
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Command Syntax: .-----<-----. | >-- SElect WIth SPec <gid> --* | |-- <wivl> ---| | | |-- <wiwor> -- | |-- <gid> --> | --> / <wivl> and <wiwor> are explained in the section on Standard Syntax Graphs in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual. Querying: .-----<-----. / | >-- Query SPECification --*-- <qspci> --+--> <qspci> is explained in the section on Standard Syntax Graphs in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual. >-- Query --+-- SPRef --. | | -- TUbe ---+-->
3.4.6
Examples:
The Branch HSTU attribute (Head Specification Tube) will be Selected according to the default choice of TUBE.
SEL TUBE WI STYP GLAS The Component LSTU attribute (Leave Specification (At Component) Tube) will be Selected with the default choice of
TUBE except for STYPE. Command Syntax: >-- SElect --+-- SPref ---. | | |-- LStube --| | | |-- HStube --| | |
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LSrod ---| | HSrod ---| | TUbe ----| .-----<-----. | / | ROD -----+-- WIth -- *-- <wivl> ---| | | |-- <wiwor> -- | |-- <gid> --> | -->
Querying: .-----<-----. / | >-- Query SPECification --*-- <qspci> --+--> >-- Query --+-- SPRef ---. | | |-- TUbe ----| | | |-- LStube --| | | |-- HStube --| | | |-- LSrod ---| | | -- HSrod ---+-->
3.4.7
Examples:
SHOR /EL50
The current element SPRE attribute will be set to / specname/EL50 where /specname is obtained from the Branch. The current element LSTU (or HSTU) attribute will be set to /specname/TU50 where /specname is obtained from the Branch.
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Command Syntax: >-- SHORtcode --+-- SPRef ---. | | |-- TUbe ----| | | |-- LStube --| | | |-- HStube --| | | |-- LSrod ---| | | |-- HSrod ---| | | ------------+-- name --> Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| -SPRef ---. | TUbe ----| | LStube --| | HStube --| | LSrod ---| | HSrod ---+-->
3.5
3.5.1
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surroundings (in the same way as for SELECT). If any further Selection parameters are needed, they are obtained from the old Component Specification entries. The need to respecify is therefore reduced. Examples:
RESEL
The current element and Leave Tube will be Selected from the new default choice(s). Any parameters required that are not obtainable from defaults will be derived from the old Specification Component.
Note: This command only operates on Components that have already been Selected. Command Syntax:
3.5.2
The current element and Leave Tube will be Selected using any default parameters and the STYPE specified. Any further parameters required will be obtained from the old Specification Component.
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Examples:
The current element and Leave Tube will be Selected using the new Specification and any default parameters. The remaining necessary parameters will be obtained from the old Specification Component.
RESEL TUBE WI STYPE GLAS The current element HSTU attribute will be (At Branch) Selected using default parameters and the
specified STYPE. If any further parameters are necessary they will be obtained from the old Specification Component. Command Syntax: >-- RESElect --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| -SPref ---. | LStube --| | HStube --| | LSrod ---| | HSrod ---| | TUbe ----| .-------<------. | / | ROD -----+-- WIth -- *-- SPec <gid> --| | | |-- <wivl> ------| | | |-- <wiwor> ----- | -->
Querying: .-----<-----. / | >-- Q SPECification --*-- <qspci> --+--> <qspci> is explained in the section on Standard syntax Graphs in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual. >-- Query --+-- SPRef ---. | | -- TUbe ----+-->
3.6
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Those which cannot be part of the Catalogue description, as they are unique to each occurrence in the Design
The standard Specification attributes of a Component are: SPREF LSTUBE This points to a Specification Component that provides the complete Catalogue description of the current element. These point to a Specification Component that provides the complete Catalogue LSROD description of the Tube emerging from the current element Leave Point. This points to an Insulation Specification. The Branch TEMPERATURE attribute is automatically used to determine an insulation thickness from this Specification. This points to a dummy Tracing Specification and is used by ISODRAFT to indicate trace heating requirements.
ISPEC
TSPEC
The remaining standard attributes are: POSITION The Components position in Zone coordinates (neither Branch nor Pipe have a POSITION, though Branch has head and tail positions (HPOS and TPOS). The Components orientation in Zone coordinates (neither Branch nor Pipe have an ORIENTATION, though Branch has head and tail directions (HDIR and TDIR). The Catalogue p-point that is on the Arrive side of the Component. The Catalogue p-point that is on the Leave side of the Component. Management information to indicate if the item has actually been built. (Shop fabrication flag.) Used by ISODRAFT to determine in which material list the item is to be shown. (Logical orientation flag.) Set and used automatically by PDMS to determine if the Component has been oriented. (Logical position flag.) Set and used automatically by PDMS to determine if the Component has been positioned.
ORIENTATION
The following attributes do not occur in all Components, but are sufficiently common to be considered as standard: ANGLE HEIGHT RADIUS LOFFLINE The (variable) angle of a Component. The (variable) height of a Component. The (variable) radius of a Component. (Logical Offline flag.) Indicates, for reporting purposes, whether the Component breaks the Tube either side of it.
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CREF
(3-way Component Connection Reference.) Indicates the element that is connected to the third (neither Arrive nor Leave) p-point of the Current Element. (Multi-way Component Connection Reference.) Indicates the elements that are connected to the free (neither Arrive nor Leave) p-points of the Current Element.
CRFA
3.6.1
3.6.2
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However, as the p-point details for Arrive (PA) and Leave (PL) are obtained from the Catalogue, these may only be used or interrogated after Selection. Example:
The Logical Route will Arrive at P2 and Leave at P1 of the Component. The Logical Route will Arrive at P3 and Leave at P2 of the Component.
Note: Default is Arrive 1, Leave 2. Command Syntax: >--+-- ARRive --. | | -- LEAve ---+-- P --------. | | -- integer --+-->
3.6.3
FLIP
Reverses the current Arrive and Leave p-point numbers for that Component.
Command Syntax:
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ARRIVE
P1 CE
PH
PT
Figure 3:5. Component Arrive and Leave attributes (standard and Flipped)
3.6.4
SPREF /SPEC208/EL50BW
Note: This attribute is usually inserted automatically as a direct result of the CHOOSE (or SELECT) command. It can, however, be set directly to the name of the required Specification Component.
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Command Syntax:
3.6.5
Description: Straight lengths of Tube (ducting, trays and rod) between Components are not defined as PDMS elements in the hierarchy. Instead, they are extruded from the Leave p-point of a Component to the Arrive p-point of the next. Their geometric cross-section details are stored in the Catalogue and are pointed at from the Upstream Component via its LSTU attribute. At the Head of a Branch, there is no Upstream Component; therefore a special Branch attribute exists to allow Tube from the Head to the first Component to be specified (HSTU). Generally, you need not be concerned about specifying Tube between Components, as it is automatically determined during the Component Selection process described elsewhere. If short fixed-length stubs of Tube are required, it is usually appropriate to create a Component FTUB element to ensure that this minimum length is adhered to. Similarly, where Tube changes direction, a Component must be inserted (usually a BEND), as variable length Tube is always straight. Examples:
The Tube between the Leave p-point of this Component and the Arrive of the Next (or Tail) is specified by the named Specification Component. As above, but between the Head and Arrive of First Component (or Tail). As first example. As second example.
HST /SPEC502/100L (At Branch) LSR /HS20/2.5 (At Hanger Component) HSR /HS20/2.5 (At Hanger Component)
Note: These attributes are usually set automatically when the CHOOSE (or SELECT) command is used. Command Syntax: >--+-| |-| |-| -LSTube --. | HSTube --| | LSRod ---| | HSRod ---+-- name ----. | | -- NULREF --+-->
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3.6.6
Examples:
ISPE /I500-HAV
The Current Component and Tube from its Leave p-point will be insulated according to the named Specification. (The temperature parameters required to determine insulation thickness will be obtained from the Branch element.) The Component and Tube from its Leave p-point will be uninsulated.
ISP NULREF
Note: If a whole Branch is to be insulated, the Branch ISPE should be set before Components are created. This setting will then cascade down to all new Components. Command Syntax:
Figure Missing!!
Figure 3:6.
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3.6.7
The Current Component will be noted by ISODRAFT with the given trace heating requirements. Trace heating is removed.
Note: If the same trace heating is required for an entire Branch, TSPE should be set at Branch level, from where it will cascade down to all new Components. Command Syntax: >-- TSPec --+-- name ---. | | -- NULREF --+-->
3.6.8
Description: These attributes indicate the location and status of construction of each Component. The SHOP flag is used by ISODRAFT to determine in which material list the item will appear. The BUILT flag can indicate whether or not the Component has been fabricated/built during construction. Examples:
be
itemised
as
SHOP
Information attribute indicating that current element has not been built.
Command Syntax: >--+-- SHOP ---. | | -- BUIlt --+-- TRue ---. | | -- FALse --+-->
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3.6.9
Description: These attributes are automatically set to TRUE when the Component is positioned and orientated. They are used by DESIGN in several situations where it requires to know if a Component has been properly positioned.
Examples:
POSF FALSE
This setting will occur if the Components have been transferred from a P&ID and not positioned. The Component will not be drawn in the views. DESIGN but not oriented.
ORIF FALSE POSF TRUE This setting will occur if the item has been Selected in ORIF TRUE POSF TRUE
After the Component is oriented it will be shown in normal line type.
Note: If either POSFLAG or ORIFLAG remains FALSE, the next Component cannot be positioned using ordinary routing commands. Command Syntax: These attributes are set automatically by DESIGN when positioning and orientation takes place. However, they can be set explicitly as follows: >--+-- ORIFlag --. | | -- POSFlag --+-- TRue ---. | | -- FALse --+--> Querying: >-- Query --+-- POSFlag --. | | -- ORIFlag --+-->
3.6.10
Description Some Components have variable dimensions that must be specified in situ by the designer. Once a Component has been selected from the Specification, altering, say, the ANGLE may change its physical appearance.
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Although many Component elements possess the ANGLE, HEIGHT or RADIUS attributes or use Design Parameters, it is the Catalogue that determines whether the value of these attributes will affect the physical Component. For example, changing the ANGLE attribute of a 90-degree fixed-angle elbow to 45 degrees will have no effect. In some cases, the variable value may be difficult to determine. For instance, a BEND in a pipe may possess an angle resulting from an oblique change in direction. In such instances, the DIRECTION command (described elsewhere) can be used to determine the ANGLE setting automatically. The ANGLE, HEIGHT and RADIUS attributes can also be set before selection as a means of choosing between, say, 90-degree or 45-degree fixed-angle elbows.
Examples: When the CHOOSE (or SELECT) command is given, it will ANGL 45 (Before Selection) choose the ANGLE45 option if available in the Specification.
>-- ANGle --+-- <uval> -----------------. | | -- <bdir> TOwards <bdir> --+--> >-- HEIght <uval> --> >-- RADius <uval> --> >-- DESParameters <uval> -->
3.6.11
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Examples:
In the reporting utility, the current element will be treated as a full Component which breaks the Tube lengths either side. In the reporting utility, the current element will be included as part of a single Tube length running through its Arrive-toLeave centreline.
Note: The default setting for this attribute is dependent upon Component type. Command Syntax: >--+-- LOFFline --. | | -- OFFLine ---+-- TRue ---. | | -- FALse --+-->
3.6.12
Description: In addition to Arrive and Leave p-points, some Components have further p-points which can become the ends of other Branches. For three-way Components (e.g. TEE), the attribute CREF (Connection Reference) is used to show which Branch is connected to the free ppoint. This is usually set automatically as a result of a CONNECT command, but it may also be set explicitly. For Components with more than three p-points (e.g. CROSS), the attribute CRFA stores the names of up to 10 Branches which connect to this item. Although a Design Component element can possess a CREF or CRFA attribute, it is the Catalogue which controls whether the item can actually be connected to by other Branches.
Examples:
Sets CREF of current element to point to Tail of /PIPE1 and sets TREF of /PIPE1 to point back to the current element. Unsets CREF; i.e. disconnects this point from any other element.
Command Syntax: >-- CREF --+-- <gid> --+-- HEAD --. | | | | |-- TAIL --| | | | | ----------+ | | -- NULREF -------------+-->
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3.7
3.7.1
Component Orientation
Keywords: ORIENTATE Description: This command rotates the Component about its origin so that (in forwards mode) the Arrive p-point is in the opposite direction to the previous Components Leave p-point. If the Component is not concentric, it is necessary to specify the off-line orientation as well. This is usually done by giving the direction of an off-line p-point. If it is not possible to achieve an orientation because of the direction of the constrained centreline, DESIGN will leave this off-line direction in the closest orientation to that requested. Examples:
ORI
Rotate the current element about its origin so that (in forwards mode) its Arrive Point is in the opposite direction to the previous Components Leave Point (see Figure 3:7.: Orienting a Concentric Component). As above, and orient the off-line p-point (P3) in the specified direction (see Figure 3:8.: Orienting a non-concentric Component by means of an off-line p-point).
ORI AND P3 IS U
Note: The ORIENTATE command will not change the ANGLE, RADIUS etc. of a variable Component to accommodate an oblique off-line direction. Command Syntax: >- ORIentate -+- <bdir> IS <bdir> -. | | --------------------+- AND <bdir> IS <bdir> -. | | ------------------------+-->
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Querying: .-------------------<----------------. / | <marke> --*-- DIRection --. | | | | ---------------+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> -- | -->
>-- Query
Figure 3:7.
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Figure 3:8.
3.7.2
Direction-Changing Components
Keywords: DIRECTION Description: The DIRECTION command orients the Component along the constrained centreline and points the specified p-point in a new direction. Unlike the ORI command, if that new direction requires a change in the ANGLE of a variable-angle Component (e.g. a BEND), this will automatically be adjusted. The ability of a Component to adjust in this way is controlled by the Catalogue.
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Examples:
DIR E
Rotate the Component about its origin such that (in forwards mode) its Arrive point is in the opposite direction to the previous Components leave point, and its leave point is East. If this requires a change of angle and the Component has a variable ANGLE attribute, then this will be altered to suit (see Figure 3:9.: Changing the direction of variable-angle Components). direction (see Figure 3:9.: Changing the direction of variableangle Components).
DIR AND P3 IS U45E As above, but P3 (rather than PL) is pointed to the new
Note: If the new direction cannot be adopted by a fixed-angle Component, the item will be pointed in the closest direction to that specified. Command Syntax: >-- DIRection --+-- AND <marke> IS --. | | --------------------+-- <bdir> --> Querying: .-------------------<----------------. / | >-- Query <marke> --*-- DIRection --. | | | | ---------------+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> -- | -->
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Figure 3:9.
3.7.3
Component Connection
Keywords: CONNECT Description: This command places a p-point on the current Component face-to-face with the p-point of an adjacent Component. If the Connection Types or nominal bores of the Connected faces are not compatible, DESIGN automatically Flips (reverses Arrive and Leave) the Component and tries again. If the adjacent element is an Attachment Point (ATTA) then this is ignored and Connection is attempted on the Next Component.
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Examples:
CONNECT
The arrive p-point of the Component is connected to the leave p-point of the Previous Component (see Figure 3:10.: Component connection). The leave p-point of the Component is connected to the arrive p-point of the next Component (see Figure 3:10.: Component connection). As first example and the off-line p-point is oriented upwards (see Figure 3:10.: Component connection).
CONNECT TO NEXT
CONNECT AND P3 IS U
Note: Only adjacent Components (not Attachment Points) may be connected to; if Connection Types or bores are incompatible, then an automatic FLIP takes place and CONNECT is attempted again. Command Syntax: >- CONnect -+- <marke> -+- TO <marke> -+- AND <bdir> IS <bdir> -> | | | | | --> | --> --> Querying: .------------------<----------------. / | >-- Query <marke> --*-- POSition --. | | | | --------------+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> -- | -->
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3.7.4
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Examples:
The Arrive p-point of the Component is force-connected to the Leave p-point of the previous Component. The Leave p-point of the Component is force-connected to the Tail. As first example and the off-line p-point is oriented upwards.
Note: Only adjacent Components (not Attachment Points) may be force-connected. No check on compatibility of bore or Connection Type occurs. Command Syntax: >- FCONnect -+- <marke> -+- TO <marke> -+- AND <bdir> IS <bdir> --> | | | | | --> | --> -->
3.8
3.8.1
Moving Components
Keywords: MOVE DISTANCE
Description: This command moves the Component along the constrained centreline by a specified distance.
Example:
MOVE DISTANCE 1000 The Current Component is moved from its present position
1000 along the constrained centreline (see Figure 3:11.: Moving a Component by a given distance). Note: A positive dimension moves the Component away from the Previous Component.
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Command Syntax:
<gid> -->
Figure 3:11.
3.8.2
Description: This command moves the Component along the constrained centreline. The distance moved may be specified either in the direction moved or another planar direction. Example:
MOVE PLANE N45E DI The current Component is moved from its present position ST 1000 along the constrained centreline by 1000 along the N45E
direction (see Figure 3:12.: Moving a Component by a distance specified in another plane). Command Syntax:
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3.9
3.9.1
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Examples:
DIST 1000
The Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline 1000 from the origin of the previous Component (see Figure 3:13.: Positioning with respect to Previous Component). As above, but the Arrive point of the Component is used (see Figure 3:14.: Positioning with respect to Previous Component).
Command Syntax: >--+-- POSition <marke> --. | | ----------------------+-- DISTance <uval> --> Querying: >-- Query --+-- POSition --. | | --------------+-- <marke> --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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3.9.2
Examples:
The origin of the current Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline where this intersects the perpendicular reference plane through the named element (see Figure 3:15.: Positioning through an intersection). The Arrive point of the current Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline where the perpendicular reference plane through E3000 N0 U0 intersects (see Figure 3:16.: Positioning through an intersection. The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline where the perpendicular reference plane indicated by the cursor intersects (see Figure 3:17.: Positioning through an intersection).
THR @
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Note: The reference plane is perpendicular to the constrained centreline. If the cursor is used, the position will be located on the working grid nearest to the cursor. Command Syntax: >--+-- POSition <marke> --. | | ----------------------+-- THRough <bpos> --> Querying: >-- Query --+-- POSition --. | | --------------+-- <marke> --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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3.9.3
Description: This command positions the current Component so that its origin (or specified p-point) intersects the reference plane either side of the specified fixed position.
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Examples:
The Component will be moved along the constrained centreline until its origin is 50 beyond the perpendicular plane through the named element (see Figure 3:18.: Positioning with respect to an intersection). The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline so that its origin is 1000 before of the Next Components origin (see Figure 3:19.: Positioning with respect to an intersection). The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline so that its Arrive point is 20 from the previous Components Leave point (see Figure 3:20.: Positioning with respect to an intersection).
Note: The reference plane is perpendicular to the constrained centreline. TO means closer to the Previous Component than the reference plane. FROM means further from the previous Component than the reference plane. Command Syntax: >-+- POSition <marke> -. | | --------------------+- DISTance <uval> -+- FRom -. | | - TO ---+- <bpos> -> Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | --------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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3.9.4
The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline so that its origin is 1000 from the previous Components origin in an East/West direction (see Figure 3:21.: Positioning through an intersection defined in an independent plane).
Command Syntax:
>-+- POSition <marke> -. | | --------------------+- PLANe <bdir> -+- DISTance <uval> -+- FRom -. | | | | - TO ---+- <bpos> -> | - THrough <bpos> ->
Querying:
>-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | --------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| -->
<gid> -->
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3.10
All the examples in this section assume Forwards mode. Generally, if Backwards mode is being used, the effect of each command is logically reversed.
3.10.1
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Examples:
The Component will be placed on the Constrained Centreline so that its origin is 30 this side of the specified object (see Figure 3:22.: Positioning Components either side of an object and Figure 3:23.: Positioning Components relative to a specified object). The Component will be placed such that its origin is 125 the other side of the picked p-point. If this point is an Arrive or Leave, then the Tube cross-section will be taken into account (see Figure 3:23.: Positioning Components relative to a specified object). The Component will be placed such that its Leave Point is zero distance this side of the specified object (see Figure 3:23.: Positioning Components relative to a specified object).
Command Syntax:
>-+- POSition <marke> -. | | --------------------+- DISTance <uval> -+- INFront -. | | - BEHind --+- <gid> --. | | |- <marke> -| | | - <bpos> --+->
Querying:
>-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | --------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| -->
<gid> -->
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3.10.2
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Examples:
The Component will be placed on the Constrained Centreline so that its origin is 35 above the specified object (see Figure 3:24.: Positioning above/below an object). Centreline so that its origin is 125 below the picked point. If this point is an Arrive or Leave, then the Tube cross-section will be taken into account (see Figure 3:24.: Positioning above/below an object).
DISTANCE 125 UNDER IDP @ The Component will be placed on the Constrained
Command Syntax:
>-+- POSition <marke> -. | | --------------------+- DISTance <uval> -+- ONTop -. | | - UNDer -+- <gid> --. | | |- <marke> -| | | - <bpos> --+->
Querying:
>-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | --------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| -->
<gid> -->
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3.10.3
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Example:
The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline such that its origin is 1000 this side of /WALL, measured East-West (see Figure 3:25.: Positioning relative to an object specified in a different plane).
Command Syntax:
>-+- POSition <marke> -. | | --------------------+- PLAne <bdir> -. | | ----------------+- DISTance <uval> -+| || || -
ONTop ---. | UNDer ---| | INFront -| | BEHind --+- <gid> --. | | |- <marke> -| | | - <bpos> --+->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- <bpos> --. | | ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- <gid> --> | -->
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3.11
A selection of Bottom of Pipe (BOP) commands are also available that provide clearance for the Tube cross-section at a Component Leave Point. All the examples in this section assume Forwards routing mode. If Backwards is in use, then the effect of each command is logically reversed.
3.11.1
Example:
CLEA 500
The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline 500 clear of the Previous Component (see Figure 3:26.: Clearance from a Previous Component).
Command Syntax:
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3.11.2
Examples:
The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline with zero clearance on the far side of the specified element (see Figure 3:27.: Component clearance either side of a fixed object). The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline with 1200 clearance this side of the Tube emerging from the Components Leave point (see Figure 3:27.: Component clearance either side of a fixed object).
Command Syntax:
>-- CLEArance --+-- <uval> --. | | ------------+-- INFront --. | | -- BEHind ---+-|
<gid> ---. |
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Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | |-- BOP -------| | | -- TOP -------+-- WRT --. | | -- IN ---+-- <gid> -->
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3.11.3
Examples:
The current Component will be placed on the constrained centreline at zero clearance above the specified object (see Figure 3:28.: Component clearance above/below a fixed object). The current Component will be placed on the constrained centreline at 50 vertical clearance below the specified object (see Figure 3:28.: Component clearance above/ below a fixed object). The current Component will be placed on the constrained centreline at a clearance of 50 vertically above the picked p-point. If this p-point is an Arrive or Leave, then the Tube cross-section will be taken into account (see Figure 3:28.: Component clearance above/below a fixed object).
Command Syntax: >-- CLEArance --+-- <uval> --. | | ------------+-- ONTop --. | | -- UNDer --+-- <gid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | -- <bpos> ---+--> Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | |-- BOP -------| | | -- TOP -------+-- WRT --. | | -- IN ---+-- <gid> -->
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3.11.4
Description: This command places the current Component on the constrained centreline so that the Tube cross-section at its Leave point is a specified clearance from another fixed object. The clearance can either be specified as a dimension along the constrained centreline in-frontof/behind the object or vertically on top/under it. If the Arrive or Leave points of the fixed object are used, then its Tube cross-section will also be considered. Using this command, pipes can be spaced on the beams of a rack by Tube-to-Tube clearance.
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Examples:
The Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline so that the Tube emerging from its Leave point is zero clearance above /BEAM (see Figure 3:29.: Tube clearance relative to a fixed object). The Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline so that the Tube emerging from its Leave point is 30 clear of the far side of /FLAN (see Figure 3:29.: Tube clearance relative to a fixed object).
BOP 30 BEHIND PL OF / As above, but 30 to the far side of the Leave Tube of / FLAN FLAN (see Figure 3:30.: Tube clearance taking into
account the Tube diameter). Command Syntax: >--+-- BOP --. | | -- TOP --+-- <uval> --. | | ------------+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| --
FROm --. | TO ----+-- <bpos> --> ONTop ----. | UNDer ----| | INFront --| | BEHind ---+-- <gid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | -- <bpos> ---+-->
Note: The meanings of BOP and TOP in this context are identical. They are merely provided to allow a sensible choice of syntax. Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | |-- BOP -------| | | -- TOP -------+-- WRT --. | | -- IN ---+-- <gid> -->
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Figure 3:30. Tube clearance taking into account the Tube diameter
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3.11.5
Examples:
The current Component will be placed on the constrained centreline so that the Tube from its Leave Point is 100 vertically above /BEAM (same as BOP)
Command Syntax:
>-+- POSition <marke> -. | | --------------------+- PLAne <bdir> -. | | ----------------+- CLEARance <uval> -+| || || -
ONTop ---. | UNDer ---| | INFront -| | BEHind --+- <gid> --. | | |- <marke>-| | | - <bpos> --+>
Querying:
>-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | |-- BOP -------| | | -- TOP -------+-- WRT --. | | -- IN ---+-- <gid> -->
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3.12
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Equipment The piping networks connected to all Nozzles owned by the equipment are searched for legal ends. A piece of tube that can be extended parallel to the displacement A piece of tube that can be compressed parallel to the displacement without becoming negative in length A Nozzle A point between two mis-aligned components A point between two incompatibly-connected components Any component that has not yet been positioned and orientated Any element in a design area that cannot be modified due to the designers access rights
In some instances, the DRAG operation may fail to establish a constrained network. This may be because: The internal search limit has been reached A LOCKED element has been found in the network
3.12.1
Description: This command repositions the current element and constrained network to the specified position. The DRAG command can be followed by any standard Equipment and Civils positioning or moving command.
Examples:
DRAG AT E3000 DRAG BY N500 U500 DRAG MOVE E2000 DRAG MOVE N CLEAR 1000 INF /BUILD10
Command Syntax:
The current element and constrained network will be dragged to the specified position. The current element and constrained network will be dragged by the specified amount. The current element and constrained network will be moved to the specified position. The current element and constrained network are moved North to the specified clearance in front of element /BUILD10.
The full DRAG command syntax is extensive but may be summarised as follows:
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>-- DRAG --+-- <absol> --. | | -- <relat> --+--> where: <absol> defines any absolute positioning command, e.g. AT, POS, etc. <relat> defines any relative positioning command, e.g. BY, MOVE, etc. The full expanded syntax is given below for reference:
<absol> = >--+-- AT --+-- <bpos> ---. | | | | -- <polar> --| | | |-- <pppos> --. | | | | -- <polar> ---+--------+--> <polar> = >--+-- POLar <bdir> --. | | -------------------+-- <plane> --> <pppos> = >-- POSition --+-- <marke> --+-- AT --+-- <bpos> ---. | | | | | | -- <polar> --| | | | | -- <polar> -----------| | | |-- AT --. | | | | --------+-- <bpos> ---. | | | | -- <polar> --+-------------+--> <plane> = >-+- PLAne <bdir> -+- DISTance <uval> -+- <repla> ------. | | | | | | ----------------| | | | | |- <repla> --------------------------| | | | | |- THRough <bpos> -------------------| | | | | - CLEArance -+- <uval> -. | | | | | | ----------+- <repla> -| | | | | |- <planf> -| | | | | -----------| |- DISTance - <uval> -+- <repla> -. | | | | | | |- <planf> -| | | | | | | -----------+-------------------| | | |- CLEArance -+- <uval> -. | | | | | | ----------+- <repla> -. | | | | | | |- <planf> -| | | | | | | -----------+----------------| | | |- <repla> -------------------------------------------| | | |- THRough <bpos> ------------------------------------| | | - <planf> -------------------------------------------+>
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<repla> = >--+-- INFront --. | | |-- BEHind ---+-- <sgid> ---. | | | | |-- <marke> --| | | | | -- <bpos> ---| | | |-- FROm --. | | | | -- TO ----+-- <bpos> ------+--> <planf> = >--+-- ONTop --. | | -- UNDer --+-- <sgid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | -- <bpos> ---+--> <relat> = >--+-- BY <pos> --+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- <sgid> --. | | | | ----------------------| | | -- <relmo> --------------------------+--> <relmo> = >- MOVe -+- <marke> -+- ALOng -. | | | | |---------+- <bdir> <plane> ----. | | | | |- BY <pos> -+- WRT -. | | | | | | | | - IN --+- <sgid> -| | | | | - <plane> ---------------------| | | |- ALOng -. | | | | |---------+- <bdir> <plane> ----------------| | | |- BY - <pos> -+- WRT -. | | | | | | - IN --+- <sgid> -----------| | | -- <plane> --------------------------------+->
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3.12.2
Dragging Piping
Keywords: DRAG AT BY POSITION MOVE DISTANCE THROUGH CLEARANCE INFRONT BEHIND ONTOP UNDER Description: This command is identical to the DRAG command described in the previous subsection except that, if the current element is a Branch, the bottom/top of piping positioning syntax can be used. FROM TO
Examples:
DRAG THRO @
The current element and constrained network are moved along the constrained centreline until the origin of the current element lies on a reference plane which passes through the cursor position. The current element and constrained network are moved South by the specified distance.
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Examples:
DRAG DISTANCE 1000 ONTO The current element and constrained network are /GRADE dragged so that the origin of the current element is
1000 above /GRADE.
The current (Branch) element and constrained network are dragged so that the Tube will be positioned on top of /BEAM2-1 with a clearance of 150.
Note: As it changes orientation as well as position, CONNECT cannot be used in conjunction with DRAG. Command Syntax: >-- DRAG --+-- <absol> --. | | |-- <relat> --| | | -- <botop> --+--> <botop> = >--+-- BOP --. | | -- TOP --+-- <uval> --. | | ------------+-- <repla> --. | | -- <planf> --+-->
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4.1
4.1.1
Example:
AUTOROUTE EXIT
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4.2
Pipe Routing
Pipe routing may be simple and direct, or it may be precisely defined, according to the constraints and preferences you set. The autoroute process creates a centreline route using Elbows or Bends which are created during the autoroute operation. The simplest route is one with no constraints, which will result in the shortest possible route, ignoring all other elements in the database. By adding constraints, you can force the automatic routing process to consider alternatives and avoid obstructions. The pipes to be routed must contain empty Branches whose Head and Tail references are correctly set. The constraints which can be applied are as follows: Obstruction Elements such as Equipment items and Structures may be defined as obstructions which must be avoided by the automatic routing process. Penalty Volumes - Denote, by means of weighting factors, volumes in space which can be either preferred or prohibited areas for pipe routing. Penalty Volumes are created as PVOL elements in the Design database, The WEIGH attribute is used to determine whether the PVOL is a prohibited or preferred area according to its value. High values indicate prohibited areas, low values indicate a preferred area. Example:
Indicate that the X and Z axes are prohibited and the Y axis is preferred.
Routing Planes - Routing Planes are elements which are used to guide the automatic routing mechanism into preferred areas. For example, if a rack was to be positioned between two rows of vessels an RPLANE element would be created along the centreline of the proposed rack. Without the RPLANE element, the autoroute process would route the two rows of pipes either side of the preferred area, rather than down the middle.
4.2.1
Example:
AXES /ZONE1
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Command Syntax:
4.2.2
Example:
RPLANE /PTRAC1
Sets /ZONE1 as an element in the Routing Plane list. All RPLAN elements, in the hierarchy below /ZONE1 will be considered. Adds /RP1 and /RP2 to the list. A maximum of 150 RPLAN elements may be considered by the automatic routing process. Clears the list of Routing Planes.
RP /RP1 /RP2
RP
Command Syntax:
4.2.3
Example:
PVOL /PV1
Adds /PV1 into the list of Penalty Volumes. If the element being added is not a PVOL, then all items below it in the hierarchy are scanned.
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Example:
PV /PZONE1 /PZONE2 Adds /PZONE1 and /PZONE2 to the list. A maximum of 1000
PVOLS may be considered during automatic routing.
PV
Command Syntax:
4.2.4
Example:
ROUTE /PIPES
ROUTE WITH BENDS /PIPES All of the branches belonging to /PIPES will be routed
using Bends in preference to Elbows. Command Syntax:
>-- ROute --+-- WIth --+-- ELbows --. | | | | -- BEnds ---| .-----<----. | | / | -----------------------+-*- <sgid> --+-->
4.2.5
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Description: Branches which are routed from Nozzles have default Routing Planes a set distance away from the Nozzle. This is to allow a sensible pipe length between the Nozzle and the first change of direction. The default value for this offset is three times the bore of the associated nozzle, and is input in the same terms. For example, a value of 4 would mean that the offset would be four times the Nozzle bore. Example:
OFFSET 5
Command Syntax:
Sets the offset to be five times the bore of its associated Nozzle.
4.3
4.3.1
RACK /PVOL1
Command Syntax:
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4.3.2
SDIR E SD N FR SD N AB
Sets the spread direction to be East about the centre of the PVOL Ssets the spread direction to be North, starting from the south side of the PVOL As above, but pipes to be spread about centre of rack
Note: If no spread direction is specified, the default is taken as the direction of the second largest side of the PVOL Command Syntax:
>-- SDir <bdir> --+-- FRomside -----. | | |-- ABoutcentre --| | | -----------------+-->
4.3.3
BASE W
Sets the base direction to be West. (This should always be perpendicular to the spread direction.)
Command Syntax:
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4.3.4
Spreads the pipes in /PIPES about the designated rack Spreads the pipes such that the wall-to-wall clearance is 100mm Spreads the pipes such that the diameter of Flanges will be considered as part of the calculation. In this case, the distance between a Flange o/d and its adjacent pipe wall, will be a minimum of 4 inches. Spreads the pipes such that two opposing Flange diameters will have a minimum clearance of 75mm. Pipes with no Flanges would have a wall-to-wall clearance of 75mm. Repeat previously defined order sequence (for example, on a subsequent rack).
SP /ZONE1 FF 75
SP ALL
Command Syntax:
>-- SPread --+-- WW ---. | | |-- FF ---| | | |-- WF ---| | | |-- ALL --| | | ---------+-- <uval> --. .-----<----. | | / | ------------+-*-- <sgid> --+-->
4.3.5
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Examples:
Sets the BOP of all pipes in /ZONE1 to sit on the specified rack Repeat previously defined order sequence
>-- BOP --+-- ALL --> | |-- <uval> --. .-----<----. | | / | ------------+-*-- <sgid> --+-->
Note: No ordering takes place with the BOP command; it is expected that the BOP command is used after a spread.
4.3.6
ORDER /PIPES WW 100 Spreads the pipes such that the wall-to-wall clearance is
100mm and then sets the BOP positions to sit on the rack.
OR /ZONE1 FF 75
Spreads the pipes such that the Flange-to-Flange clearances are 75mm, and then sets the BOP positions to sit on the rack. Repeat previously defined order sequence
OR ALL
Command Syntax:
>-- ORder --+-- WW ---. | | |-- FF ---| | | |-- WF ---| | | |-- ALL --| | | ---------+-- <uval> --. .-----<----. | | / | ------------+-*-- <sgid> --+-->
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access ports, and so on. They are owned by Sections and Panels, respectively. Compound Fittings and Compound Panel Fittings, each of which owns Subfittings, are used to represent more complex geometry (such as penetrations, where one or more elements pass through another element). Generic Sections (GENSECs) GENSECs can be used to represent any structural item whose geometry can be generated by sweeping a 2D profile along a linear or curved path. The path, defined by a Spine element, is determined by a sequence of Spine Points and Curves. In their simplest linear format, GENSECs may be used instead of Sections and Panels; in more complex formats they can represent curved beams, curved walls, etc. Fixings Generic fixingscan represent any joint or fitting owned (indirectly) by a GENSEC.
5.1
Description: The first step in creating a new piece of structural steelwork is often the creation and positioning of a network of Primary Nodes within the 3D design model. PNOD elements are created, as for other Design elements, by using the NEW command. They may be positioned either by using a standard positioning command or by setting the NPOS (Node Position) attribute directly. Nodes have no physical size: their positions are used to define the points in space between which steel Sections are to be positioned/strung.
Example:
NEW PNOD /PNOD1 AT E1000 N500 U500 (At FRMW or SBFR level) NEW PNOD /PNOD2 COPY PREV BY E1000 NEW PNOD /PNOD3 NPOS E2000 N1000 D500
Command Syntax:
Creates a Primary Node named /PNOD1 at the specified position. Creates a Primary Node which is displaced from the previous one in the specified way. Creates /PNOD3, then places it at the specified position.
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Querying:
Q NPOS
5.2
Description: The STRING command is a very powerful multi-functional tool which performs the following operations automatically: A Section (SCTN) element is created, running between two named Nodes. The Node positions are used to set the Sections POSS (Start Position) and POSE (End Position) attributes. The order of occurrence of the named Nodes in the STRING command line is used to set the DRNS (Start Direction) and DRNE (End Direction) attributes (on the basis that the Section is strung FROM start TO end). Joint elements (PJOI or SJOI) are created at each Node and are orientated so as to be compatible with the new Section. Thus, both the OPDI (Origin Plane Direction) attribute and the normal to the Cutting Plane (as defined by the CUTP attribute) of each PJOI will be the same as the DRNS/DRNE attribute of the Section. The Section-to-Joint cross-references (JOIS/JOIE for the Section; CREF for the Joints) are set so that they are self-consistent.
Thus the STRING command creates all new elements required to position the physical Section within the structural design model. It leaves you at the new Section (SCTN) level within the hierarchy.
Example:
STRING /COLUMN1 FROM /PNOD1 TO /PNOD2 STRING BEAM FROM /PNOD2 TO /SNOD3 NAME /UB80.LEV2
Strings a Section named /COLUMN1 between the specified Primary Nodes. Strings a Section of GTYPE BEAM between the named Primary and Secondary Nodes. The Beam is named separately in the second command line.
Note: The presence of a Section is shown on the DESIGN graphical display as a centreline-only representation (broken line) at this stage. The Section has no physical form, other than a derived length (related to the inter-Node separation), until its cross-section has been defined by setting a reference to a Catalogue Profile element. Command Syntax: >-- STRIng -+- name -. | | --------+- word -. | | --------+- FRom - <gid> - TO | - TO - <gid> - FRom -
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5.3
Section Attributes
A Section is a linear structural component such as a universal beam, column, brace, tie, strut, etc. Sections are assumed to be prismatic; that is, they are assumed to have uniform properties throughout their length, including uniform cross-sectional dimensions. The overall dimensions of a 3D design Section are derived from two sources: Its cross-sectional dimensions are defined by a cross-reference to a 2D Profile element stored in the Catalogue DB. Its length is derived from the separation between the points defined by its Start Position (POSS) and End Position (POSE) attributes.
This section describes the main attributes which together define a Section as a 3D physical entity within the interconnected structure.
5.3.1
Example:
SPRef name
Querying:
Q SPRef
5.3.2
Generic Type
Keywords: GTYPE Description: The GTYP attribute may be set to a PDMS word which indicates the purpose of the Section within the structure. Its setting is not obligatory. (See the Catalogues and Specifications User Guide for a list of suggested GTYP word settings for Profile elements.)
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Example:
GTYP BEAM
Command Syntax:
Q GTYPe
5.3.3
Example:
Positions the Sections end at the specified point. Positions the Sections start at the NPOS of the specified Primary Node.
Command Syntax:
Q POSStart Q POSEnd
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5.3.4
Example:
Sets DRNS to the specified direction, regardless of the direction of the Sections Z-axis. Sets DRNE so that the end cutting plane is perpendicular to the Sections Z-axis (giving a square end as opposed to a chamfered end for a Section which has a skewed connection).
Command Syntax:
Q DRNStart Q DRNEnd
5.3.5
Orientation Angle
Keywords: BANGLE Description: The orientation of a Section about its Neutral Axis is defined in terms of an angular clockwise rotation when viewed in the POSS-to-POSE direction. The angle of rotation from the default orientation is held as the setting of the Beta Angle (BANG) attribute of the Section.
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POSE
BANG
NA
Example:
BANG 90
Command Syntax:
Q BANGle
5.3.6
Description: Section ends which have been connected in the structure have their JOIS (Joint Start) and JOIE (Joint End) attributes set such that they cross-refer to the Joints to which those ends are connected. (The Joints have a similar cross-reference, the CREF attribute, back to the attached Section.) These attributes are set automatically when a Section is connected and you will not usually need to set them specifically.
Example:
JOIE /PJOI.RB.2
Command Syntax:
Q JOIStart Q JOIEnd
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5.3.7
Example:
CTYS BOLT
The Sections start is to be connected to its attached Joint by means of bolts. (The CTYA of the Joint must also be set to BOLT for a compatible connection; see Part 3 of the DESIGN Reference Manual for information about data consistency checking.)
Command Syntax:
Q CTYStart Q CTYEnd
5.3.8
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Example:
SREL DX RX RY
The Start of the Section is constrained such that it can move only in the X direction and can rotate only about the X and Y axes.
Command Syntax:
>--+-- SRELease --. .---<---. | | / | -- ERELease --+--*-- DX ---| | | |-- DY ---| | | |-- DZ ---| | | |-- RX ---| | | |-- RY ---| | | |-- RZ ---| | | -- sign --+-->
Querying:
Q SRELease Q ERELease
5.4
Description: SNOD elements are created, as for other Design elements, by using the NEW command. They are positioned by specifying their distance from their owning Sections Start Position, measured along the Neutral Axis towards the End Position. This distance, which is held in the Nodes ZDIST attribute, may be specified as an absolute length, as a proportion of the overall distance between POSS and POSE (i.e. a proportion of the derived length of the Section), or by reference to any marker (pin, p-point, p-line etc.), element or plane.
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Example:
NEW SNOD /SNOD1 ZDIST 1500 Creates a Secondary Node named /SNOD1 at (At SCTN level) the specified distance from the start of the
Section. The Node is positioned on the Neutral Axis of the owning Section.
NEW SNOD /SNOD2 IS 1250 FROM END NEW SNOD /SNOD4 ZDIS PROP .33 NEW SNOD /SNOD3 ZDIS PROP 0.25 FROM END NEW SNODE /SNOD5 ZDIS PLANE W30N DIST 0.0
The position of the new Node is measured from the POSE position rather than from the default reference of POSS. The new Node is positioned one third of the way along the Sections Neutral Axis, measured from the start of the Section. The new Node is positioned one quarter of the way along the Sections Neutral Axis, measured from the end of the Section. The new Node is positioned at the intersection of the owning sections neutral axis with the defined plane.
Command Syntax: >-- ZDIStance --+-| |-| | | | | | | | |-| -Querying: <uval> --------------. | PROPortion -- value -+-- FRom --+-- STart --. | | | | |-- ENd ----| | | | | -- <gid> --| | | ----------------------+ | | <marke> ------------------------------------| | <plane> ------------------------------------+->
Q ZDIStance
5.5
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A Compound Joint (PCOJ or SCOJ) is positioned relative to a Node, as for a PJOI or an SJOI, but all settings which define its connections are associated with subsidiary SubJoints owned by the Compound Joint (one SubJoint for each connection). You will most often create and position Joints automatically using the STRING command (see Creating and Connecting Sections Automatically). This section describes how you can carry out these operations independently and how you can modify the positions of Joints which have been created previously. A Joint is a Catalogue Component, which is selected in the design by setting its SPREF attribute to point to the required Component Specification.
5.5.1
Example:
Creates a new PJOI with a default position and orientation. The default position places the DELPOS (Delta Position) of the Joint at the NPOS of the Node. The default orientation directs the OPDI (Origin Plane Direction) of the Joint UP.
Command Syntax: The standard element creation syntax is described in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual.
5.5.2
Example:
Creates a new SJOI with a default position and orientation. The default position places the POSL (Position Line) of the Joint through the owning SNOD.The default orientation directs the CUTP (Cutting Plane Direction) of the Joint Up.
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Command Syntax: The standard element creation syntax is described in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual.
5.5.3
Example:
Q SPRef
5.5.4
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BANG defines orientation about Z axis OPDI defines orientation about X,Y axes
Z Y X
DY DZ
PNode
DX
Example:
Offsets the Joint by 4.5 (mm) in a northerly direction. Orientates the Joint so that the normal to its Origin Plane points North. otates the Joint about its current Origin Plane Direction by 180 degrees.
Command Syntax:
>--- DELPosition --- <bpos> ---> >--- OPDIrection --- <bdir> ---> >--- BANGle ---+--- value ---------------------------. | | --- <bdir> --- TOwards --- <bdir> ---+->
Querying:
5.5.5
Description: The position and orientation of a Secondary Joint are defined with respect to its owning Secondary Node. The position of this Node is separately defined with respect to its owning Section, as described Creating and Positioning Secondary Nodes. The Joints position with respect to the Section depends, therefore, upon the settings of two attributes: The Z-axis Distance (ZDIST) attribute of the owning SNOD.
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The Positioning Line (POSL) attribute of the SJOI itself. This defines the position of the Joint in relation to the p-line system which has been set up for the owning Sections Profile within the Catalogue. The default POSL setting is NA (Neutral Axis), so that the Joints Origin (more strictly, its JLIN) lies on the Sections Neutral Axis at the position specified by the ZDIST: that is, the Joints Origin is coincident with the position of its owning SNOD.
The Beta Angle (BANG) specifies the angular rotation of the Joint about its Origin Plane Direction. The default setting is zero, so that the Joints orientation is as defined by its Catalogue representation.
SNode
TOS NA BOS
ZDIST defines position of SNode relative to POSS of Sectio
Example:
The Positioning Line of the Joint is coincident with the TOS (Top of Steel) p-line of the Section. The Positioning Line of the Joint is coincident with the BOS (Bottom of Steel) p-line of the Section.
Command Syntax:
NA TOS BOS
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Querying:
5.6
5.6.1
Connection Reference
Keywords: CREFerence Description: The Connection Reference attribute (CREF) of a Joint points to the identifier of the Attached Section. This attribute is set automatically when a Section is connected and you will not usually need to set it specifically.
Examples:
CREF /BEAM1 START CREF /BEAM2 END CREF /COLUMN2 CREF NULREF
Command Syntax:
Sets Connection Reference to start of named Section. Sets Connection Reference to end of named Section. Sets Connection Reference to start of named Section. Disconnects the Joint.
>-- CREFerence --+-- <gid> --+-- STart* --. | | | | |--- ENd ----| | | | | ------------+ | | --- NULref --------------+-->
where <gid> identifies the Section to be connected.
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Querying:
Q CREFerence
5.6.2
Cutting Plane
Keywords: CUTPlane Description: The position of a Joint which has an Attached Section is derived from the intersection of the Attached Sections Joining Line (JLIN) and the Joints Cutting Plane. The Cutting Plane Direction, that is the direction of the normal to the Cutting Plane, is defined by the setting of the CUTP attribute. The default direction is Up. It is the position of the Joints Cutting Plane which defines the effective length of the Section (but see also Cutback Allowance).
Example:
The normal to the Cutting Plane points in the specified direction. The normal to the Cutting Plane is set perpendicular to the Joints Origin Plane.
Command Syntax:
Q CUTP
5.6.3
Cutback Allowance
Keywords: CUTBack Description: The derived length of an attached Section is, unless otherwise specified, the distance between the Cutting Planes of the Joints at its two ends. The CUTB attribute allows you to specify a length by which the Section should be shortened or extended to allow for any local fitting geometry at the Joints attachment point (to allow for weld metal, packing pieces etc.). A positive value of CUTB shortens the derived length of a Section attached to the Joint; a negative CUTB lengthens the attached Section. The default is a CUTB setting of zero.
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Example:
CUTB 6 CUTB -6
Command Syntax:
An attached section will have its derived length reduced by 6mm. An attached section will have its derived length increased by 6mm.
Q CUTBack
5.7
5.7.1
Connecting Sections
Keywords: CONNECT Description: When a Section is connected manually, the relevant End Cutting Plane of the Section (DRNS/DRNE) is superimposed on the Cutting Plane (CUTP) of the connecting Joint. This requires that the direction and through point of the Section have been correctly specified; that is, that the correct end points are on an extension of the Sections Neutral Axis. In cases of misalignment, the Sections position and orientation are given highest priority. Thus, connecting a Section will not cause the Section to move or rotate. The Joint will be aligned with the Section, if possible (but see the FREE option, below). When the connection is made, the connection cross-references between the Section and the Joint are set. That is, the JOIS/JOIE of the Section and the CREF of the Joint are matched. Further, the relevant Connection Type attribute of the Section (CTYS or CTYE) is set to point to the Attached Connection Type attribute (CTYA) of the Catalogue Joint. The FREE option allows the existing joint position to remain fixed, and the POSS and/or POSE of the section to be adjusted. This may cause the section to be displaced sideways, or its direction to rotate. It may also cause SNODEs and FITTINGs along the section to be displaced (even with RECALCULATE). When the connection has been made, the corresponding Start or End Point of the Section (POSS/POSE) is calculated from the intersection of the Z axis of the Section with the new Cutting Plane which passes through the end of the Joints JLIN. START END FREE RECALCULATE
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The RECALCULATE option causes the positions of elements which are members of a Section to be recalculated so that they remain in the same positions if the Section is moved. For example, the ZDIS defining the position of a Secondary Node would be recalculated if the POSS (from which ZDIS is measured) were moved as a result of a CONNECT command, so that the SNOD remained unmoved. If both RECALCULATE and FREE are specified, the position of FITTINGs and SNODEs along the section are recalculated to be as close as possible to their original positions.
Example:
CONN END TO /SJOINT3 CONN WITH START OF / BEAM1 CONN START TO /PJOIN2 RECALC
Where the current element is a Section. Where the current element is a Joint. Connects the start of the current Section without moving the positions of any secondary elements owned by the Section.
Command Syntax: At Section level: >- CONnect -+- STart -. | | - ENd ---+- FREE -. | | --------+- TO
where <gid> identifies a Joint. At Joint level: >-- CONnect WITH --+-- STart --. | | -- ENd ----+-- OF where <gid> identifies a Section.
<gid> -->
5.7.2
Disconnecting Sections
Keywords: DISCONNECT Description: When a Section is disconnected, the connection cross-references (JOIS/JOIE - CREF) are unset and the connection type cross-references (CTYS/CTYE ) are set to Nulref. The position and length of the Section are not changed, but the Joint (if moved during the connection operation) is returned to its default position. The RECALCULATE option causes the positions of elements which are members of a Section to be recalculated so that they remain in the same positions if the Section is moved. START END RECALCULATE
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For example, the ZDIST defining the position of a Secondary Node would be recalculated if the POSS (from which ZDIST is measured) were moved as a result of a DISCONNECT command, so that the SNOD remained unmoved.
Example:
Disconnects the start of the current Section. Disconnects the end of the current Section. Disconnects both the start and end of the current Section. Disconnects the end of the current Section, but retains the positions of any secondary elements owned by the Section.
Command Syntax:
>-- DISConnect --+-- STart --. | | |-- ENd ----| | | -----------+-- RECALCulate --. | | -----------------+-->
5.7.3
Reconnecting Sections
Keywords: RECONNECT Description: The RECONNECT command would typically be used to reconnect a disconnected Section in the following circumstances: Following the movement of a Joint: the attached Section is moved to the new Joint position. Following the resetting of a cutback allowance at a Joint (see Cutback Allowance): the length of the Section is modified to allow for the new cutback distance. Following the movement of a Primary Node which has a member Joint attached to an existing Section. START END RECALCULATE
In each case the RECONNECT command attempts to restore the consistency of the connected model. The RECALCULATE option causes the positions of elements which are members of a Section to be recalculated so that they remain in the same positions if the Section is moved. For example, the ZDIST defining the position of a Secondary Node would be recalculated if the POSS (from which ZDIST is measured) were moved as a result of a RECONNECT command, so that the SNOD remained unmoved.
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Example:
Reconnects the start of the current Section. Reconnects the end of the current Section. econnects both the start and end of the current Section.
>-- RECOnnect --+-- STart --. | | |-- ENd ----| | | -----------+-- RECALCulate --. | | -----------------+-->
5.8
5.8.1
Note: It is not intended that Sections with secondary connections be Flipped, although you can do so if you fully understand the effects outlined below. These effects may not give the results you had intended and may therefore require further design modifications to be made: The settings of the SREL and EREL (Start and End Release) attributes are not exchanged. Since, however, the ends to which they refer have changed (since the original Start is now the End, and vice versa), their effects will be reversed in the physical model.
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The Member List of the Flipped Section remains unchanged, so that any crossreferences to member elements by list position remain correct. The ZDIST attributes of any SNODs, FITTINGs, etc. remain the same, so that their positions are now derived from the opposite end of the Section (the new Start end), thereby causing these member elements to move. Any Connected items referenced via SJOIs will not move, since the positions of the corresponding SJOIs will not move to the new SNOD positions until they are Disconnected. If you wish to reverse a Section with existing secondary connections you should, therefore, use the following sequence of operations: Disconnect the Section to be Flipped from all attached Sections. Flip the Section, thereby repositioning all of its SNODs and their associated SJOIs (now disconnected) in the reversed locations. Reorientate all connected Sections so that they realign with the modified SJOI locations along the Flipped Section (or reset the ZDIST attributes of the SNODs so that they are repositioned where you want them). Reconnect the Flipped Section to all the attached Sections.
Example:
FLIP
Reverses the Start and End attribute settings for the current element as outlined in the preceding description.
Command Syntax:
For checking, in particular, all Start and End related settings (POSS/POSE, DRNS/DRNE, etc). For checking the derived positions of SNODs and/or SJOIs.
5.8.2
Description: Movement relative to a fixed starting position (MOVE, ALONG, BY commands) is possible for all structural elements which have a directly defined location in the 3D model; for example, Frameworks, Subframeworks, Primary Joints and Nodes (but not Secondary Joints and Nodes, whose positions are dependent on that of a Section), Routing Planes, Panels, etc.
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Absolute positioning (AT command) is possible only for Sections, Primary Nodes, Routing Planes and Panels.
Example:
BY N1000 E5000 U7000 Moves Current Element as specified relative to its current AT E2000 N2000 U1000 Moves the Current Element to the specified position. In the
case of a Section, POSS is set to this position; in the case of a Primary Node, NPOS is set to this position.
5.8.3
Description: Once positioned, a Section may have its ends repositioned independently by using the EXTEND command. This effectively lengthens or shortens the Section by a specified amount and resets its POSS and/or POSE attributes accordingly. (You could, of course, set POSS and/or POSE directly, as described in Start and End Positions, but this would need prior calculation of the new positions needed to achieve the required length change.) The increase or decrease in length may be specified as a direct measurement or as a proportion of the current length of the Section. The <plane> allows you to define the amount of extension required by intersecting the neutral axis with a defined plane. The section is extended (or shortened) to meet the plane. The RECALCULATE option causes the positions of elements which are members of the modified Section to be recalculated so that they remain in the same positions after the change. For example, the ZDIST defining the position of a Secondary Node would be recalculated if the POSS (from which ZDIST is measured) were moved by the EXTEND command, so that the SNOD remained unmoved.
Example:
Move POSE by 1000mm Eastward. As above (defaults to END). Move POSS by 1000mm Westward and recalculate the positions of all member SNODs, FITTs etc. so that they remain unmoved.
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Example:
EXTEND START BY U500 E2000 S500 EXTEND END 1750 EXTEND -1750
Move POSS by the given amounts. Move POSE so as to increase the Sections length by 1750mm (default units). Move POSE (defaults to END) so as to decrease the Sections length by 1750mm (default units). length by 25%.
EXTEND START PROP 0.25 Move POSS so as to increase the Sections current EXTEND PROP -0.2 EXTEND END PLANE E30N DIST 0.0
Command Syntax: >-- EXTend --+- STart -. | | |-- ENd* -| | | ---------+| || | || Moves POSE (defaults to END) so as to decrease the Sections length by 20%. Moves POSE to meet the defined plane.
PROPortional - value -. | BY --- <axpos> ------| | | <plane> -------------| | <uval> --------------+- RECALCulate --. | | ----------------+->
5.8.4
Description: The method of rotating a Section about its Neutral Axis by setting its BANG attribute was described in Orientation Angle. This section explains the use of the ROTATE command to achieve a greater range of reorientating effects on Sections and on other steelwork elements. The command allows you to specify the rotation required in any of the following ways: As a specified angle of rotation about a default axis (similar in effect to setting the BANG attribute). This default axis is the Neutral Axis for Sections, Joints and Fittings, and the Z axis for other elements. As a specified angle of rotation about a given axis, the latter defined by its direction and/or through point. If the direction and/or through point are omitted, the default
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direction is that of the Neutral Axis or Z axis; the default through point is the Origin or Start Position (depending on the type of element involved). By reference to the components axes or p-lines.
Example:
ROTATE BY -45
Rotates by 45 about the elements Neutral Axis or Z axis (anticlockwise when looking from Start to End or in the +Z direction, since the rotation is specified as a negative angle). Rotates by 45 about the (clockwise when looking E). E-W axis
The same as the preceding example. Rotates a Section about an axis which passes in the N-S direction through its End position. The rotation is 25 anticlockwise when looking S along this axis. Rotates by 45 about the Top-of-Steel p-line (clockwise when looking in the Start to End direction). Rotates element about its Neutral Axis until the Bottom-of-Steel p-line points as closely as possible to the E45N direction. Rotates element until the Y axis points as closely as possible to the N45W25D direction. Rotates element until its TOS p-line points in the direction of the BOS p-line of / SCTN1 in the specified coordinate system.
ROT AND PPLIN TOS IS PPLIN BOS OF /SCTN1 LEAV DIR WRT /STRU1 Command Syntax:
Rotation about a given axis:
>- ROTate ABOut -+- <plin> -. | | - <bdir> -+- THRough - <bpos> -+- BY -+- <uval> -------------------. | | | | | | - <bdir> TOwards <bdir> ---| | | | | - AND -+- <plin> -. | | | | | | - <bdir> -+- IS <bdir> ----| | | |- BY - +- <uval> --------------------. | | | | | | - <bdir> - TOwards - <bdir> -+ | | | | - AND -+- <plin> -. | | | | | | - <bdir> -+- IS - <bdir> ----+- THRough <bpos> -| | | ------------------+-->
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5.9
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Some examples have already been introduced in the earlier sections of this chapter. This section further illustrates the possible uses of such techniques.
Z Y X PLIN NA POSE Y Z X SITE axes
SCTN axes
Figure 5:1.
5.9.1
Identifying P-lines
Keywords: PPLINE IDPLINE
Description: A p-line may be identified in either of the following ways: By reference to its PKEY attribute (see the Catalogues and Specifications User Guide for details of how this is set) and its owning element (if this is not the current element). By picking it on the display using the cursor.
Example:
PPLINE TOS
<gid> --.
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5.9.2
Description: A position relative to a p-line may be specified in any of the following ways: As a specific distance along the p-line from its start (typically the POSS of a Section) or its end (typically POSE). As a proportional distance along the p-line, expressed as a fraction of its length (typically the distance from POSS to POSE). As one of its extremities; that is, at the p-lines start or end. As an offset, expressed as the distance between two specified p-lines.
Example:
POSITION PPLINE BOS 500 POS PPLIN TOS 1000 FROM END POS AT PPLIN NA OF /SCTN2 PROP .25 POS AT PPLIN TOS OF /BEAM1 END BY PPLIN TOS OFFSET FROM PPLIN BOS BY PPLIN BOS OFFSET FROM PPLIN TOS BY PPLIN TOS -OFFSET FROM PPLIN BOS
Calculated position is on the BOS p-line, 500mm from its start (by default); for setting a variable or for querying. Calculated position is on the TOS p-line, 1000mm from its end. Calculated position is on the Neutral Axis of /SCTN2, 25% along its length as measured from its start (by default). Position is defined as the end of the TOS p-line of / BEAM1 (probably, but not necessarily, the POSE setting for /BEAM1). Moves the current element (Section or Joint) by the offset distance between its TOS and BOS p-lines. Moves the same distance as the preceding example, but in the opposite direction. The same effect as the preceding example.
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Command Syntax: Note: The following syntax describes only the p-line referencing options for defining a position. These are in addition to the positioning/moving syntax described in Equipment and Primitives, which also apply to Structural steelwork elements. Defining a specific position: >- <plin> -+- <uval> -------------. | | |- PROPortion - value -+----------------------. | | | | - FROm -. | | | | -------------------------------+- STart* -. | | | | - ENd ----+--+-> Defining a distance as the offset between two p-lines:
>-- <plin> --+-- sign --. | | ----------+-- OFFSet FROm <plin> -->
where <plin>, which identifies a specific p-line, is defined in Identifying P-lines. Querying: Q <plin> --+-- <uval> --------------. | | |-- PROPortion - value --+--------------------------. | | | | -- FROm --. | | | | -----------------------------------+-- STart* --. | | | | -- ENd -----+--+--> Q <plin> -- OFFSet --+-- FROm -- <plin> --. | | --------------------+--> Querying Examples:
Q PPLIN TOS END Q PPLIN BOS PROP 0.3 Q PPLIN NA PROP -1.5 FROM END Q PPLIN TOS OFFS FROM PPLIN BOS Q PPLIN TOS OFFS
Position of end of p-line. Position of point 30% of distance along BOS from start (by default) towards end. Position of point which is 1.5 times length of Neutral Axis away from end of p-line in direction away from start. Offset distance between TOS and BOS. Offset distance between TOS and Neutral Axis (by default).
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5.9.3
Description: You can orientate a structural element by referring its axes to the directions of one or more p-lines. By default, references will be taken from the Z (or LEAVE) direction.
Example:
Orientates the current element such that its Y axis points in the X direction of the TOS p-line of /SCTN1 and its Z axis points Up. If, for example, the X direction of the TOS p-line of / SCTN1 points East, then this command line is equivalent to ORI Y IS E AND Z IS U.
Command Syntax:
>-- <plin> --+-- X ------. | | |-- Y ------| | | |-- Z ------| | | |-- LEAve --| | | -----------+-- DIRection -->
Querying:
<plin> --+-- X ------. | | |-- Y ------| | | |-- Z ------| | | |-- LEAve --| | | -----------+-- DIRection -->
5.10
5.10.1
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through which this 2D shape is extruded to form the 3D Panel; that is, it defines the Panel thickness, thus:
Each PAVE can have an optional fillet radius which defines a circular arc which bulges into (negative radius) or out of (positive radius) the PLOO area. The default fillet radius of zero denotes a point. To define a new Panel, you must, therefore, first create a PANE element (using NEW PANE etc.), then create a PLOO below it in the hierarchy, and then create and position as many member PAVEs as necessary to define the shape of the PLOO and thus the PANE. (The Z co-ordinates of the PAVEs are ignored; they are constrained to lie in the plane of the PLOO.)
5.10.2
Splitting a Panel
Keywords: SPLIT ON
Description: You can split a Panel along its line of intersection with a given plane or Section. The Panel is split into two or more new Panels which have same owner as the original one. More than one new Panel may result if the original one has re-entrant vertices. The vertices of the original Panel are moved to the new Panel(s) as appropriate and new vertices are created where the intersection line crosses the edges of the original Panel.
Example:
SPLIT PLANE N THRO Splits current panel along its line of intersection with the N1000 specified plane SPLIT ON /BEAM1
Splits current panel along the Neutral Axis (projected if necessary) of the named section
Command Syntax:
>-- SPLIT --+-- PLANE <dir> -- THROugh <bpos> --. | | -- ON <section_id> ----------------+-->
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5.10.3
* *
PANE1
* *
PANE2 PALJ
In this example, PANE1 is the Owning Panel and PANE2 is the Attached Panel. A Section Linear Joint (SELJ), owned by a Section, is used to connect a Panel to a Section. The start and end of the SELJ are defined by two Section Vertex (SEVE) points. Logical connections from the attached Panel are made by setting Master Vertex (MVERT) attributes of two of the Panels PAVEs to point to the corresponding SEVEs on the linear joint, thus:
* *
PANE
* *
SCTN SELJ
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Description: The LINK command lets you set up the necessary connection references for: a vertex to another vertex an edge to an edge (an edge is the line between a pair of consecutive vertices) a panel to a joint a panel to a vertex a panel to an edge
In each case, the vertices of the item being linked are defined as slave vertices, while the vertices of the item linked to (which define the properties at the connection point) are defined as master vertices. When you link a panel, any new panel vertices needed will be created automatically to correspond with the master vertices of the item connected to. You can specify the position and direction of creation of the new vertices in the Panel Loops vertex sequence as part of the command. If the panel has no PLOOP, one will be created automatically. UNLINK unsets the connection cross-references created by a LINK command.
Example:
LINK VERT CE TO /PAVE2 Links current vertex (slave) to vertex /PAVE2 (master). LINK PANEL /PANE3 TO EDGE /PAVE5 /PAVE6 AFTER /PAVE2
Command Syntax:
>- LINK -+-+----------. | | | | - VERTex -+- <vidlist> - TO - VERTex - <vid> -------------. | | |--- EDGE - <eidlist> - TO - EDGE - <eid> -------------------| | | --- PANEl - <pid> - TO -+- JOINt - <jid> ---- <qualifier1> -| | | |- VERTex - <vid> -. | | | | - EDGE - <eid> ---+- <qualifier2> -+->
Links panel /PANE3 to edge between /PAVE5 and / PAVE6 and positions any new vertices needed after / PAVE2 in the PLOOP of /PANE3.
where: <vid> <vidlist> <eid> <eidlist> <pid> <jid> is a vertex identifier (name, refno, treename) is a list of vertex identifiers is an edge identifier (pair of consecutive vids) is a list of edge identifiers (must be an even number of vids) is a panel identifier (name, refno, treename) is a joint identifier (name, refno, treename)
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<qualifier1>:
>-+- FROM -+- START - TO -+- <vid> -. | | |- END ---| | | ---------+--. | |- END - TO ---+- <vid> -. | | | |- START -| | | | ---------+--| | |- <vid> - TO -+- <vid> -. | | | |- START -| | | | |- END ---| | | | ---------+--| | ---------------------------| ------------------------------------+- FORWards --. - BACKwards -+- AFTer <vid> ---------. |- BEFore <vid> --------| |- BETween <vid> <vid> -| -----------------------+->
The FROM/TO options specify which portion of the joint is to be linked to the panel. Defaults are implied start to implied end of joint. The FORWARDS/BACKWARDS options specify the direction of vertices within the joint. The AFTER/BEFORE/BETWEEN options specify the position in the Panel Loop at which to create vertices corresponding to those of the joint (master vertices). <qualifier2>:
>--+-- AFTer <vid> ----------. | | |-- BEFore <vid> ---------| | | |-- BETween <vid> <vid> --| | | -------------------------+->
The AFTER/BEFORE/BETWEEN options specify the position in the Panel Loop at which to create vertices corresponding to those of the master vertices.
>-- UNLINK --+-- <vid> -- FRom -- <vid> --. | | -- ALL ---------------------+-->
Querying:
Q LINKS
5.11
5.11.1
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A Panel Fitting (PFIT) element serves a similar function to a FITT, but is owned by a Panel and positioned relative to the Panels origin. A Cofitting (COFI) element is used where a fitting spans the junction between two or more Panels. In the latter case, one of the Panels owns a PFIT while the others each own a COFI. Each COFI has its Panel Fitting Reference (PFRE) attribute set to point to the associated PFIT; the PFIT has its Cofitting Reference Array (CFRA) attribute set to point to the COFIs.
5.11.2
Structure-to-Pipework Connections
Piping models may be linked logically to the Structural model by means of cross-references between the Connection Reference (CREF) attribute of a Fitting on the Structure and the Head or Tail Reference (HREF/TREF) of a Hanger on the Pipework. A Fitting may be regarded, therefore, as the Structural equivalent of an Attachment Point (ATTA) in Pipework design. For connection type compatibility, the Connection Type attribute (CTYA) of the Fitting must match the Connection Type (HCON/TCON) of the Hanger.
5.11.3
Structure-to-Equipment Connections
Equipment models may be linked logically to the Structural model by means of crossreferences between the Connection Reference (CREF) attribute of a Fitting on the Structure and the Connection Reference (CREF) of a Load Point (LOAP) element owned by the Equipment. A Load Point has a position within the Equipment model, but no size or orientation. It behaves in this respect like a Node in the Structural model. If an Equipment is moved, any member Load Points which point to Fittings in a Structure will not move, their positions being constrained by the attached Structure.
5.12
5.12.1
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Example:
Sets first two design parameters to 2.5 and 7 respectively. Sets third design parameter to -5.5. Sets design parameters 3, 4 and 5 to X,Y,Z coordinates (respectively) of POSS of element / SCTN1.
Note: In the last example, a range of three design parameters, needed to hold the coordinates of the defined point, was set automatically, starting with the specified third parameter. Command Syntax: Setting parameters in default order in the array, starting at parameter number 1: .--------------<------------. / | >-- DESParameters --+-- <expres> -----------------| | | |-- <uval> -------------------| | | |-- READ ---------------------| | | -- word --+-- OF -- <gid> --| | | ------------------+--> Setting individually specified parameters within the array: .--------------------<----------------------. / | >- DESParameters -*- Number - integer -+- <expres> ------------| | | |- <uval> --------------| | | |- READ ----------------| | | - word -+- OF - <gid> -| | | --------------+-> Querying:
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Querying Examples:
Outputs values of design parameters 1 and 3. Outputs values of all design parameters. Extracts a word from within DESP 1. Extracts a distance (in feet and inches) from within DESP 2.
5.12.2
5.13
5.13.1
There are six types of Curve, defined by setting the CURTYP (Curve Type) attribute, which govern the way in which the shape of the curve is specified. The options are: LINE A straight line (this is the default)
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RADI A circular arc, defined by a radius and a conditioning point. THRU An arc passing through a specified through-point position. BULG An arc defined by a bulge factor and a conditioning point. FILL A fillet arc and two adjacent straights, defined by a radius and a pole position. CENT A fillet arc and two adjacent straights, defined by a circle centre point, a radius and a conditioning point. A Spine with only two POINSP members behaves in a similar way to a linear Section (SCTN). The first POINSP owned by the Spine defines its start position (equivalent to the POSS of the Section); the last POINSP defines its end position (equivalent to the POSE of the Section). Items connected to a GENSEC are positioned and orientated relative to a set of p-lines which follow the same path as that defined by the GENSECs Spine; that is, the p-lines may be curved. These p-lines are referenced by attached items via Justification Line Datum (JLDATUM) and P-line Datum (PLDATUM) elements, which define the frames of reference to be used for positioning and orientating the attached items relative to the parent GENSEC. Fittings and joints are represented by generic Fixing (FIXING) elements, the geometry of which is defined by reference to catalogue items. Fixings can own other Fixings, so that although they behave somewhat like the more restrictive Fitting and Joint elements, they are more versatile for representing compound fittings and joints.
5.13.2
Example:
Creates GENSEC with no defined geometry. Sets SpecRef of GENSEC to point to catalogue profile. GENSEC now has defined cross-section, but no geometry defining its path. Creates Spine with no defined path.
NEW SPINE
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Example:
First Spine Point defines Start Position (POSS). Last Spine Point defines End Position (POSE). Spine at this stage is a straight line.
The attributes of this curve determine the shape of NEW CURVE (Created between POINSPs) the Spine path between the adjacent POINSPs. (See More About Curve Types.)
5.13.3
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Note: Displayed GENSECs treat each segment of the Spine as a separate extrusion. At the vertices between segments, i.e. at the POINSP positions, these extrusions merge together if there is a tangent continuity. If there is a tangent discontinuity, the extrusions are mitred along a plane normal to the mean of the two tangent vectors at the POINSP position.
5.13.4
PPLINE TOS OF /BEAM1 NORMAL ... PPLINE TOS OF /BEAM1 NOCUTBACK ... PPLINE TOS OF /BEAM1 CUTBACK ...
It is possible to define a proportional and an absolute distance position at the same time. For example:
PPLINE TOS distance VIA SPINE FROM END ... PPLINE TOS PROPORTION value VIA PLINE ...
The element specified by the OF keyword may be a POINSP or a CURVE. This redefines the element to be the GENSEC owning the POINSP or CURVE, rather than the current element or an element defined with the p-line choice. This sets: the direction along which DISTANCE and PROPORTION are to be measured; in the case of a CURVE, the POINSP to be used as the origin from which DISTANCE and PROPORTION are measured; the segment of the GENSEC to which PROPORTION is applied as: the named CURVE, the segment following the POINSP (from START), or the segment preceding the POINSP (from END).
For example:
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Directions and Offsets Derived From P-lines (see Orientating by Using P-lines): Directions and offsets derived from p-lines can have a derived position inserted after the direction/offset option and before the OF option. This lets you specify the position along the p-line at which the direction/offset is to be calculated. For example:
PPLINE TOS X DIRECTION PROP 0.4 VIA PLINE FROM END OF /CURVE3 PPLINE TOS OFFSET FROM PPLINE BOS DISTANCE 200 FROM END
If no position is given, the direction/offset is calculated using the start of the GENSEC or element specified by the OF option. Picked Positions on P-lines: The following syntax lets you derive a position on a p-line which is nearest to a probe line:
PPLINE pline_name NORMAL/CUTBACK NEAR direction THROUGH position [VIA SPINE/PLINE] BOUND/UNBOUND
The probe line starts at the THROUGH position and extends in the specified direction. The expression returns the nearest point on PLINE pline_name. If BOUND is set, the point is either on the p-line or at the ends (where it intersects the NORMAL or CUTBACK end of the GENSEC). If UNBOUND is set, the point can be on the tangential extension of the p-line. The point returned will be in or above the plane through the THROUGH position, normal to the probe line; that is, the point will not be behind the THROUGH position. The VIA SPINE/PLINE option is used if the point is to be returned with its distance along the p-line from the start of the segment. If pline_name is specified as ANY, all plines of the GENSEC will be probed and the closest p-line will be used. Identifying P-line Elements: P-line expressions can be used in any positioning command (DISTANCE, PROPORTION, NEAR etc.) in the following way:
PPLINE...SEGMENT and PPLINE...ONPLINE return references to the segment and p-line, respectively, on which the point is specified. PPLINE...PLDIST returns the distance along the segment on which the point lies, in the direction specified in the positioning_command (FROM START or FROM END). PPLINE...PLKEY returns the name (the PKEY) of the p-line on which the point lies.
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5.13.5
TPREF
HPREF
Specifying Orientation: The orientation of a JLDATUM may be queried via a pseudo-attribute (Q ORI), but this cannot be set explicitly. The orientation is such that its Z axis is in the direction of the Spine (i.e. the NA p-line) at the POS. The Y axis is in the Y direction (YDIR) of the Spine, modified by the Beta Angle (BANG) setting, at the POS.
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5.13.6
5.14
5.14.1
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Compound Screed (CSCREED): a soft type of Subframework (SBFR), used to hold one or more screed components representing, say, one storey of a multi-storey building. Straight Wall (STWALL): a soft type of Section (SCTN), used to represent a wall created by extruding a 2D catalogue profile from a start position to an end position. [Curved] Wall (WALL): a soft type of Generic Section (GENSEC). This can, in principle, be used to represent any shape of wall created by extruding a 2D catalogue profile along a path defined by a Spine. The Walls & Floors application for Version 11.3 restricts the use of this element to the representation of a Ring Wall, for which the Spine path is all or part of a circle. General Wall (GWALL): a soft type of a Panel (PANE), used to represent a wall created by extruding a userdefined 2D shape through a specified distance (equivalent to the Panel's height/ thickness). This could be used, for example, to represent a column, where the 2D shape of the column's cross-section is extruded vertically to the required column height. Wall and Floor Fittings, such as doors, windows, manholes etc., can be represented by Compound Fittings (CMPF), Sub-Compound Fittings (SBFI), Fittings (FITT), Panel Fittings (PFIT) or Fixings (FIXI) in the usual way.
5.14.2
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The overall effect in DRAFT is determined by the composite effects of the settings for all significant elements (i.e. all elements which have a DUNION attribute) above those being drawn. For example: When DUNION = 0, all members of the current element will be 'assembled' together rather than 'unioned': joint lines will therefore be shown between touching members (e.g. between adjoining Panels). When DUNION = 1 for a FRMW or SBFR (or equivalent soft types), all members will be unioned: joint lines between touching members (e.g. adjoining Panels) with the same owner will not be shown. The FRMW or SBFR will not itself be unioned with another FRMW or SBFR. When DUNION = 1 for a ZONE, STRU or FRWM, all member STRUs, FRMWs and SBFRs with DUNION = 2 will be unioned. Thus, joint lines will not be shown between adjoining Panels with different owners. The ZONE, STRU or FRMW will not itself be unioned with another ZONE, STRU or FRMW. When DUNION = 2 for any element, all members with DUNION = 2 will be unioned, and the current element will also be unioned to others which share the same owner and which have DUNION = 2 as long as the owner has DUNION = 1 or 2.
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Design Templates
This chapter explains the concept of Design Templates, which let you create and store standard design configurations for subsequent use, and the Design Datasets which hold the parameterised data settings for such templates.
6.1
Concepts
A design template is a set of design primitives, panels and nozzles that may be grouped together and then referenced from within another part of the Design database as though it were a single item. In many ways, a design template behaves in a similar way to a catalogue component, except that the template items are stored in a special area of the Design DB, rather than in a separate Catalogue DB, and they can use the more powerful sets of primitives and parameterisation facilities available from within DESIGN. Unlike a catalogue component, a design template can be split down into its constituent parts for selective reporting, dimensioning, MTO, etc. A design template is used in a design by creating an instance of the template. When a design template is instanced, the template contents are copied into the Design hierarchy and a reference is set to the original template definition. At this release version, a design template may only be copied under a Panel Fitting, a Section Fitting or a Primary Joint. A design element cannot own more than one design template, nor can one design template own another template. Design templates may be parameterised to allow a single template definition to be used in different circumstances. The parameterisation facilities use Design Datasets to store named parameters, which may then be referenced in geometric and p-point definitions. The value assigned to a parameter can be defined in terms of a rule by using any of the standard PDMS expression syntax. Note: The definition of Design Templates is likely to be done by the person who organises PDMS Catalogue and Specification data in a company, while the use of Design Templates for building up a design model will be carried out by a plant designer. Therefore, although both functions are carried out in DESIGN, this chapter is relevant to two different types of PDMS user.
6.2
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by the addition of positive and/or negative primitives, negative extrusions, etc. For example, a very simple template, consisting of a positive box and a negative box, could be created thus:
World (/*) SITE ZONE EQUI BOX Copy NBOX NBOX TPWL TMAR TMPL BOX
When this template is instanced in a design model, say under a panel fitting, its constituent elements are copied back and all parameterisation rules are executed so that the attributes of the copy are set to suit the local DESIGN requirements, thus:
TPWL TMAR TMPL BOX NBOX Copy and Execute Rules PFIT TMPL BOX NBOX
6.3
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The top level element in the DESIGN database is Design WORL. This owns a top level application data element APPLDWorld - Application Data World
APPLDW can own APPDAReas DDAR - Application Data Areas - Design Data Set Areas
DDARs are existing element types. They own Design Data Sets (DDSE) for storage of data used by Template expressions and Rules, and by Appware. They can be used for Appware to store data, rules, etc for use in data driven instancing of assemblies. APPDAR can own: APPLDAta - Application Data. This is logically similar to a Template Definition.
APPLDA is a new element type. It can own ZONE DDSE DPSE ROOM The following diagram illustrates the relative positions of these elements in the DESIGN database hierarchy: - Design Dataset - Design Pointset
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6.3.1
Functional Queries
Everything under the Application Data World (APPLDWorld) is treated in the same way that hierarchies under TMWL (Template Worlds) are. In particular, Clash checking on command, spatial mapping and auto clashing will be isolated from normal design data except when specifically queried within the APPLDWorld.
6.3.2
Naming
Names in the APPLDWorld are in the same scope as the normal project model and so duplicate names will clash. This is not likely to be an issue as it is expected that application data will be unnamed. It would become an issue if sections of 'real' model data are copied or included (moved) into the APPLDWorld. APPLDA elements have a local name scope so that objects that the APPLDA owns can have local names, allowing any Appware manager that manipulates Application Data to easily identify elements within them in the same way that design templates (TMPLates) are handled. Existing commands and expression functions such as LNAME, LNID etc operate within this scope.
6.3.3
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6.3.4
6.3.5
The current set of VALIDValues available for the owning DDAT are the set whose VALRULEs either are unset, or evaluate to TRUE. Those that are not available are those whose VALRULEs either evaluate to FALSE, or whose evaluation generate errors.
6.3.6
Property in any Property or owned DDSE Default Property in any DDSE owned by owner of DDSE
DEPR
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LFDP DEPD
Reference value Text default value for text and reals Default Property in any owned DDSE Default Property in any DDSE owned by owner of DDSE
6.3.7
element DDAT special key word VALR VALI VVAL ERROR, no VALRUL attribute ERROR, no VALIDV attribute
VVALUE
returns VVAL result of first VVALUE returns result of evaluated VALIDV if element that does not ERROR, VALRUL evaluates TRUE, else ERROR returns the same value as would be returned using the DKEY of the DDAT. (Either the DPROPerty or DDEFAUlt value). This is a convenient way of obtaining this value without knowing the DKEY Returns the same value as the DDAT property of the owning DDAT without having to know the actual DKEY value to use.
DDAT
All of these properties will error if queried at the DDSE element or above. If the Design Data set actually has a data element that has a property with one of these name keys (they are not reserved in anyway) then the use of the key will operate normally on the DDSE or its owner, and as listed in the table above on a DDAT or VVALUE. Use of the VVAL key on a particular DDAT will return the first suitable value from a set of many values. This is similar to choosing from a set of values according to some criteria. It is possible to use this as an alternative to the IFTRUE expression, which can, for example when used iteratively, select a set of possible choices depending on a particular criterion. The IFTRUE expressions will increase the expression length with the possibility of exceeding the maximum length of the text attribute. Use of VVAL key will not do this.
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The VVALUEs owned by a DDAT DO NOT modify the return values of design data properties when queried by their owners. It should be noted that if the DPROPerty of a DDAT is inconsistent with the set of VVALUEs that it owns, this will NOT raise an exception or error when querying it directly using its DKEY. It is up to the application using these data values to decide whether to accept the value of a DPROPerty whenever it conflicts with valid values, or maximum or minimum values, or a tolerance. To do otherwise would risk the integrity of existing user and system applications.
6.4
PFIT local TMPL current local BOX current DDSE(2) DDSE(1) template
The pseudo-attributes available for accessing the properties data in the various types of dataset are as follows:
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Current Dataset List of property keys Real property values Text or real property values Text or real property default values Reference settings CDPL CDPR TCDP TCDD CFDP
Note: The dataset attributes PRLS, PROP and PRDE are also used to refer to catalogue dataset properties. If you query any of these attributes, a search for a catalogue dataset will be made first; if this fails, a search for a design template dataset will be made. Most commonly, a design attribute value will be defined in terms of a design property by using the CDPR (Current Design Dataset Property) attribute. The CDPR can also be used to define a property in one dataset in terms of a property in another dataset. When a CDPR is used in a rule for a component whose owner can own datasets, the current datasets will be those at the same level as the component: otherwise, the current datasets will be those under the first dataset-owning element above the component. When a CDPR is used in a property expression within a dataset, it refers to a property in the current dataset for the item at which CDPR is evaluated. When used in a querying command or in an expression (for example, when defining a parameterisation rule), the attributes for a specific property are identified by the DKEY for that property. For example:
Lists all DKEYs for properties in current dataset. Gives value of LENG property in current dataset. Sets rule for current elements XLEN attribute using value from LENG property in current dataset.
Note: Usually default values are assigned to properties, which are then used to evaluate expressions during the creation of a design template. This lets you see the template geometry in a graphical view, at a practical scale, as you define it. Thus a default value for LENG in the last example would allow a sensible XLEN dimension to be evaluated from the rule for display purposes. When instanced in a design, the value of the LENG property would be derived from, say, a design parameter and the rule would be re-executed to give the correct XLEN.
6.5
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a PDMS name under the Template World, this name will be lost when the template is copied because an element name cannot be used more than once in a Design database. To avoid these problems, you can assign a local name (LNAME) to a template member. Each local name, and the reference of the corresponding element, is stored in an array attribute of the template. Local names are therefore set and queried at member element level, even though they are stored at template level. The local name survives a template copy operation.
6.5.1
Examples:
Sets local name for current element Unsets local name for current element
Gives local name for current element Lists all local names for elements under current template (Note that local names are stored in a compressed numeric format)
6.5.2
Description: Lets you identify an element by its local name in a rule or dataset expression.
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Example:
Identifies element defined in current template Identifies element defined in member template (i.e. in template owned by current element) Uses dimension of locally named element in expression (XLEN OF MLNID /JOE)
Command Syntax:
6.6
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Examples:
RSEQN 3
Sets rule sequence number for current element (which must be a member of a design template and must already have a local name) Unsets rule sequence number for current element
RSEQN UNSET
Command Syntax:
Gives sequence number for current element Lists sequence numbers for all elements under current template (in the order in which their local names were set) Lists local names for elements under current template, sorted by rule sequence number; i.e. in order of rule execution priority
6.7
Z Y
Origin
Design Point
Direction of Normal
A Cylindrical P-point is specified as a position on the surface of a cylinder at a given position and with given dimensions, thus:
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Direction of Normal
Z Y
Origin
A Spherical P-point is specified as a position on the surface of a sphere at a given position and with given dimensions, thus:
Design Point
Z Y
Origin
Orientation Direction of Normal Direction radius acts in, defining point position wrt sphere's centre
6.8
If you want to change an attribute explicitly, thereby causing it to differ from the design as specified in the source template, you must first unset the ORRF references which point back to the source and unlock the members. To do so, use the command
UNTIE template_instance
where template_instance is the name of the copy TMPL in the design model hierarchy.
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6.9
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Index
A
ALONG command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:31 ARRIVE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:26 AT command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:5 Attached parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:36 Attributes:of primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:1 Attributes:sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:4 AUTOROUTE command . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4:1 AXES command:pipe routing . . . . . . . 2-4:2
B
BANGLE command . . . . . . . . . 2-5:6, 2-5:12 BASE command:pipe routing . . . . . . . 2-4:6 BEHIND command . . . 2-2:26, 2-3:7, 2-3:52 Beta angle:joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:12 Beta angle:sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:6 BOP command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:7, 2-3:63 BOP command:pipe routing . . . . . . . . 2-4:7 Branch:head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:2 Branch:tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:2 Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42 BUILT flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:31 BY command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:15
Compound joint element . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Compound panel fitting element . . . . . 2-5:2 Compound Screed element . . . . . . . . 2-5:43 Compound Wall element . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42 CONNECT command 2-2:14, 2-3:2, 2-3:39, 25:17 Connection:forced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:41 CRFA attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:34 CTYEND command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:8 CTYSTART command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:8 Current design dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 Current Design Dataset Property attribute 2-6:8 CURTYP attribute . . . . . . . . .2-5:36, 2-5:38 Curve element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:36 Curve Type attribute . . . . . . . .2-5:36, 2-5:38 CUTBACK command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:16 CUTPLANE command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:16
D
DDAT element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 DDDF attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 DDPR attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 DDSE element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 DELPOSITION command . . . . . . . . . 2-5:12 Design Data Default attribute . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 Design Data element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 Design Data Property attribute . . . . . . . 2-6:7 Design Dataset element . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 Design parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:34 Design Pointset element . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:11 Design Template element . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:1 DESPARAMETER command . . . . . . . 2-5:34 Detail level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:3
C
CDPR attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:8 CHOOSE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:12 CLEARANCE command . . . . 2-2:34, 2-3:59 Cofitting element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:34 Cofitting Reference Array attribute . . 2-5:34 Compound fitting element . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2 Compound Floor element . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42
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DIRECTION command . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:37 DISCONNECT command . . . . . . . . . 2-5:18 DISTANCE command . . . . . . 2-3:44, 2-3:48 DKEY attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 DPSE element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:11 DRAFT Union attribute . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:43 DRAG command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:68 DRNEND command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:6 DRNSTART command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:6 DUNION attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:43
I
IDPLINE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:26 INFRONT command . 2-2:26, 2-3:7, 2-3:52 Instance:Design templates . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:1 Insulation specification . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:30 ISPEC attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:30
J
JLDATUM element . . . . . . . . .2-5:37, 2-5:41 JOIEND command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:7 Joint element:compound . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Joint element:linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Joint element:primary . . . . . . . .2-5:1, 2-5:11 Joint element:secondary . . . . .2-5:1, 2-5:11 Joint:creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:10 Joints:attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:15 Joints:linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:31 Joints:primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:12 Joints:secondary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:13 JOISTART command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:7 Justification Line Datum element 2-5:37, 2-5:41
E
Edge drawing in DRAFT . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:43 Elements:connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:14 Elements:moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:15 Elements:orientating . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:10 Elements:rotating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:12 End position (section) . . . 2-5:4, 2-5:5, 2-5:9 ERELEASE command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:8 EXTEND command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:22
F
FCONNECT command . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:41 Fitting element . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1, 2-5:33 Fitting element:compound . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2 Fitting element:panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Fixing element . . . . . . . 2-5:2, 2-5:37, 2-5:42 FLIP command . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:27, 2-5:20 Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42 FORCECONNECT command . . . . . . 2-3:12 Forced connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:41 FROM command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:48
L
LEAVE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:26 LEVEL command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:3 Linear joint element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Linear joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:31 LINK command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:31 LNAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:9 LNID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:9 Local design dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 Local name:Design templates . . . . . . . 2-6:9 LOFF attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:33 LSROD attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:29 LSTUBE attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:29 2-5:26 Cartesian p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:11 Cylindrical p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:11 Spherical p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:12
G
Generic Fixing element . . . . . . . . . . . Generic Section element . . . . . 2-5:2, GENSEC element . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2, #106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:11, plin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42 2-5:36 2-5:36 2-6:12 2-5:26
H
HBOR command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 HCON command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 HDIR command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 Head of branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:2 HPOS command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 HREF command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:4 HSPE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:2 HSROD attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:29 HSTUBE attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:29
M
MIRROR command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:43 MLNID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:9 MOVE command . . . . 2-2:16, 2-3:9, 2-3:42
N
Node element:primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Node element:secondary . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Nodes:primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2
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R
RACK command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4:5 RECONNECT command . . . .2-3:11, 2-5:19 RESELECT command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:22 Ring Wall element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:43 Rod:attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:29 ROTATE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:12 ROUTE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4:4 Routing plane:pipe routing . . . . .2-4:2, 2-4:3 RPLANE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4:3 RSEQNUMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:10 Rule sequence number:Design templates 26:10
O
OBSTRUCTION command . . . . . . . . . 2-2:4 Obstruction level:clash detection . . . . 2-2:4 OFFSETFACTOR command . . . . . . . 2-4:4 ONTOP command . . . 2-2:28, 2-3:7, 2-3:55 OPDIRECTION command . . . . . . . . 2-5:12 ORDER command:pipe routing . . . . . 2-4:8 ORIENTATE command . . . . . 2-2:10, 2-3:35 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:10 ORIFLAG attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:32 Owning parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:36
S
Screeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42 SDIR command:pipe routing . . . . . . . . 2-4:6 Sections:attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:4 Sections:connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:17 Sections:creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:3 Sections:disconnecting . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:18 Sections:modifying lengths . . . . . . . . 2-5:22 Sections:reconnecting . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:19 SELECT command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:17 SHOP flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:31 SHORTCODE command . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:21 SJOINT command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:11 SNODE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:9 Soft types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42 Spine element . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5:2, 2-5:36 Spine Point element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:36 SPLIT command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:30 SPREAD command:pipe routing . . . . . 2-4:7 SPREF attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:28 SRELEASE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:8 Start position (section) . . . . . . . .2-5:4, 2-5:5 Steelwork:fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Steelwork:fixings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2 Steelwork:generic sections . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2 Steelwork:joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Steelwork:nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Steelwork:panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Steelwork:sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Straight Wall element . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:43 STRING command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:3 Subfitting element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2 Subjoint element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:26
P
Panel Fitting element . . . . . . . 2-5:1, 2-5:34 Panel fitting element:compound . . . . . 2-5:2 Panel Fitting Reference attribute . . . 2-5:34 Panel Loop element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Panel Vertex element . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1 Panels:connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:31 Panels:creating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:29 Panels:splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:30 Parameters:attached . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:36 Parameters:design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:34 Parameters:owning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:36 Penalty volume:pipe routing . . . 2-4:2, 2-4:3 PH command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:6 Pipe rack:pipe routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4:5 Pipe routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4:1 PJOINT command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:11 PLDATUM element . . . . . . . . 2-5:37, 2-5:41 Pline Datum element . . . . . . . 2-5:37, 2-5:41 PNODE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:2 POINSP element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:36 point:in design pointset . . . . . 2-6:11, 2-6:12 POLAR command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:8 Polar positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:8 POSEND command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:5 POSFLAG attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:32 POSITION command . . . . . . . 2-2:5, 2-3:44 Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:5 POSLINE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:13 POSSTART command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:5 PPLINE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:26 Primitives:attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2:1 Profile element . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:1, 2-5:4 PSPE command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:2 PT command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:6 PVOL command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4:3
T
Tail of branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:2
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TBOR command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 TCON command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 TDIR command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 Template Area element . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:1 Template design dataset . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:7 Template World element . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:1 THROUGH command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:46 TMAR element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:1 TMPL element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:1 TO command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:48 TOP command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:7, 2-3:63 TPOS command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:5 TPWL element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6:1 Trace specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:31 TREF command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:4 TSPE attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:31 Tube:attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:29
U
UNDER command . . . 2-2:28, 2-3:7, Unioning drawn elements in DRAFT . UNLINK command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNTIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3:55 2-5:43 2-5:31 2-6:12
W
Wall element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:43 Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:42
Z
ZDISTANCE command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5:9
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