J 2

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\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl666\margr133\margt666\margb160
\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li2466\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS
FROM THE LEAVES OF}\b0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {MELASTOMA}\b0 \i0 \pa
r\pard\li4666\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx6626\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {MALAB
ATHRICUM}\b0 \i0 \tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {L.}\b0 \par\pard\li2800\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2800\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {Deny Susanti}{\super \fs14\up4\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1*}}\fs20\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {, Hasnah M. Sirat}{\super \fs14\up4\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {2}}\fs20\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {, Farediah Ahmad}{\super \fs14\up4\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {3
}}\fs20\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {, Rasadah Mat Ali}{\super \fs14\up4\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {3}}\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2093\ri0\sl360\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Department
of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Mal
aysia,}\par\pard\li4760\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {25200 Kua
ntan, Malaysia.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
2}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Unive
rsiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor,}\par\pard\li5400\ri0\sl-186\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Malaysia}\par\pard\li2840\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
2\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {3}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Medicinal Plant Division,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong,}\par\pard\li4826\ri0\sl-186\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}\par\pard\li4773\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4773\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {*e-mail: deny@iiu.edu.my}\par\pard\li5213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li5213\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ABSTRACT}\b0 \par\
pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\t
x7186\*\tx9333\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Phytochemical and bioactivity studies
of the leaves of}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Melastoma malabathricum}\i0
\tab \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {L.}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs16\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 {(Melastomataceae) have been investigated. The}{ }\fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {n}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-hexane extract yielded}{ }
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61537X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {amyrin, patriscabatrine}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \
fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {and auranamide, ethyl acetate extract gave quercetin
and quercitrin, and methanol extract gave}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \f
s16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {quercitrin and kaempferol-3}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {-O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs16\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs16\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {-di-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-coumaroyl)glucoside.
The crude extracts and}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {isolated compounds were screened for their antioxidant and cytotoxic acti
vities. The antioxidant}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {assay was carried out by FTC and DPPH radical scavenging method. Kaempfe
rol-3-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\c
f0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs16\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {,}{ }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100\i {trans}\i0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-coumaroyl)-glucoside, quercetin a
nd quercitrin showed strong activities with inhibition more}\par\pard\li2000\ri0
\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {than 90% in the FTC method. Querceti

n was found to be the most active as radical scavenger in}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \*\tx4293\*\tx5080\*\tx5520\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {DPPH method
with IC}\fs10\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {50}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {of 0.69
}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61549X}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {M.}\t
ab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61537X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Amyrin and kaempferol-3-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\
i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs16\cf0\f2\char
scalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{6\uc1\u8221X}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}
\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs16\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {-}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {coumar
oyl)glucoside demonstrated the strongest activities in the anti-inflammatory ass
ay of TPA}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {mouse
ear oedema with IC}\fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {50}{ }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{of 0.11 and 0.34 mM/ear, respectively.}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx3080\*\tx4666\*\tx5826\*\tx6973\*\
tx8640\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Keywords:}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Ant
iinflammatory,}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Antioxidant,}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\c
harscalex100 {Flavonoids,}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Melastomataceae,}\tab
\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Melastoma}\par\pard\li3013\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {malabathricum, Terpenoid}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {I
NTRODUCTION}\b0 \par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri
0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M. malabathricum}\i0 { }\fs16\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {L. (senduduk) is a very common herb or shrub found throughout
the}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {tropic in t
he moist part mostly from India, Thailand and Malaysia, where it grow as small t
rees 12-13}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ft. h
igh, occasionally even up to 20 ft. (Burkill, 1966). This species has at least t
hree varieties, i.e.}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {large, medium and small size flower with dark purple-magenta petals, light
pink-magenta petals and}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {the rare variety white petals as reported by Corner, 1951.}\par\pard\li2
680\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {The chemistry of Melastomatac
eae is poorly known. Previous studies of this family have}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s
l-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {characterized hydrolysable tannin. Sev
eral hydrolysable tannins have been isolated from the dry}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s
l-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {leaves of}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\i {M. malabathricum}\i0 { }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {with light pink-magenta
petals. The main tannin was oligomers named}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {nobotanin B, dimmers named malabathrins B, malabath
rins C and malabathrins D, monomers}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx286
6\*\tx5680\*\tx8800\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {named}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {1,4,6-tri-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{-galloyl-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
-D-glucoside,}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1,2,4,6-tetra-}\fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-galloyl-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {D-glu
coside,}\tab \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {strictinin,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {casuarictin, pedunculagin, nobotanin D, pte
rocarinin and oligomers nobotanin G, nobotanin H,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\sl
mult0 \*\tx5440\*\tx6493\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {nobotanin J (Yoshida et al.,
1992),}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{-}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {sitosterol,}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc
1\u61537X\uc1\u61485X}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {amyrin, uvaol, sitosterol-3-}\
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 {D-}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {glucopira
noside, quercetin, quercitrin and rutin (Nuresti et al., 2003). To our knowledge
this is the}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {onl
y reported chemical composition of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Melastoma}\i
0 { }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {with light pink-magenta petals reported so far.
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9346\colsr-0\colno2\colw2093\pard
\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-373\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol.5 No.1 Tahun 2008}\par\c
olumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpa
ge\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn160\pard\
li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li200
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {METHODS}\b0 \par\pard\li2680\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\cha
rscalex100 {Plant Material.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Melastoma malabathr
icum}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {was collected from Johor, Malaysia in 20
02 and}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {identifie
d by Dr. Rusdi Tamin of Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. A voucher specim
en}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(YANTI-2061)
was deposited the Herbarium of Universitas Andalas (ANDA) Padang, Indonesia.}\pa
r\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {General methods. Mp
s. (uncorr.) were determined using Leica Gallen III apparatus. UV}\par\pard\li20
00\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {was recorded on Shimadzu UV-16
0 spectrophotometer in methanol. IR spectra were recorded on}\par\pard\li2000\ri
0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Perkin Elmer 1650 FTIR spectrophoto
meter. NMR spectra were recorded on JEOL JNH A500}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\sl
mult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Spectrometer measured at 500 MHz and 125 MHz,
respectively. Vacuum liquid chromatography}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \
fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(VLC) and column chromatography (CC) were carried out
using silica gel 230-400 mesh, Merck}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {9385 and 70-230 mesh, Merck 7734. Sephadex LH-20 was purch
ased from Pharmacia (Uppsala,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\c
harscalex100 {Sweden). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was from Fluka (Swit
zerland), vitamin E and}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {vitamin C were purchase from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), 12-}\fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-ac
etate}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(TPA) was
from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs
16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Extraction and Isolation. The air-dried leaves of}{ }\f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {malabathricum}\i0 { }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(2.09 kg) of w
hite petals}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {was
successively extracted with}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n}\i0 \fs14\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {-hexane, EtOAc and MeOH. The chromatographic separations by}\par\
pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx9320\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {vacuum liqui
d chromatography (VLC) and column chromatography (CC) on silica gel of the}\tab
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li20
00\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {hexane and ethyl acetate extra
cts have afforded}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1}\b0 { }\fs16\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {-}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. P
urification of the MeOH extract by VLC and}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \
*\tx4720\*\tx7093\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {CC has resulted in the isolation of
}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {and}{ }
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. The structures
of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1}\b0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\tab
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {were elucida
tes as}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61537X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {amyrin,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx33

60\*\tx4506\*\tx5440\*\tx6333\*\tx6813\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {patriscabratin
e,}\tab \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {auranamide,}\tab \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{quercetin,}\tab \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {quercitrin}\tab \fs18\cf0\f1\charsc
alex100 {and}\tab \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {kaempferol-3-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs1
8\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs18\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {-di-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li200
0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {coumaroyl)-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
glucoside by interpretation of the spectral data (IR, FABMS, 1D and 2D NMR) as w
ell}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {as by compar
ison of the data with literature values (Mahato and Kundu, 1994; Gu, et al., 200
2;}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Banerji and R
ay, 1981; Ishiguro et al., 1991; Slowing et al., 1994; Skaltsa et al., 1994).}{
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61537X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 {Amyrin,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx6826\*\tx83
06\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {quercitrin and quercetin have been isolated previo
usly from}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M. malabathricum}\i0 \tab \fs18\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {with light pink-}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 {magenta petals (Nuresti et al., 2003). Kaempferol-3-}\fs18\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {(}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}
{ }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-cou
maroyl)-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}
\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {glucoside}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {has been encountered previously in leaf hairs of}{ }\fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Quercus ilex}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(Fagacea
e) (Skaltsa}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {et al.,}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {1994).}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {A
ntioxidant Activity, FTC (Ferric Thiocyanate) Method. The detection of lipid per
oxide and}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {prepar
ation of solutions were carried out according to method described by Kikuzaki an
d Nakatani}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(1993
). A mixture of 4.0 mg of sample in 4.0 mL of 99.5% ethanol, 4.1 mL of 2.5% lino
leic acid in}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {99.
5% ethanol, 8.0 mL of 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 3.9 mL of water conta
ined in a}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {screwcap vial (38 x 75 mm) was placed in an oven at 40}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\u
c1\u61616X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {C in the dark. The final concentration of
}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {sample was 0.02
% w/v. To 0.1 mL of the mixture, 9.7 mL of 75% (v/v) ethanol and 0.1 mL of 30%}\
par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx8786\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ammonium
thiocyanate was added. Three minutes after the addition of 0.1 mL of 2.0}\tab \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61620X}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {10}{\super \
fs10\up3\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-2}}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {M}\par\pard\li200
0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ferrous chloride in 3.5% hydroc
hloric acid to the reaction mixture, the absorbance was measured at}\par\pard\li
2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {500 nm at every 24 hours int
erval until 1 day after the absorbance of the control reached its}\par\pard\li20
00\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {maximum value.}\par\pard\li268
0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {DPPH Method. The method establi
shed by Tagashira and Ohtake (1998) was used with}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\sl
mult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {slight modification. Stock solution of sample
was prepared at 1 mg/mL in methanol. A test sample}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-320\s
lmult0 \*\tx3106\*\tx5800\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {solution (200}\tab \fs18\cf

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00 {M DPPH methanolic solution (to give a final}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmu
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x100 {g/mL). After vortexing, the mixture was}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult
0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. The
changes of DPPH in colour (from deep violet to}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
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light yellow) were measured at 517 nm. The difference in absorbance between a te
st sample and a}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
control (methanol) was expressed as % inhibition and taken as activity. The acti
vity was shown as}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{IC}\fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {50}{ }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {value (50% in
hibitory concentration).}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charsc
alex100 {The percentage inhibition was calculated by the following formula:}\par
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i2666\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Percentage inhibition =}\pa
r\column\pard\li333\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li333\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\i {Abs}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {DPPH}\i0 \par\column\par
d\li573\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li573\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {\uc1\u61485X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Abs}\i0 {\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {(}}\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {DPPH}\i0 { }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u61483X}\par\pard\li1160\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {
sample}\i0 \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Abs}\i0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.}\fs14\cf0\f0\chars
calex100\i {DPPH}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61620X}\fs24\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {100}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {%}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsx
n12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Anti-inflamma
tory Activity. TPA (12-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate )-induced Mouse}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl
-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Ear Oedema method. This method was carr
ied out according to the method described by Nik}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slm
ult0 \fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Musa\uc1\u8217X}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {ada
h }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {et a}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {l. (2000).
The mice were weighed, marked and arrange to six mice in one group.}\par\pard\l
i2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {The crude extracts and pure

compounds (20}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61549X}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {L) was applied topically to the inner surface of the}\par\pard\li2000\ri0
\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {right ear of the mice 40 minutes bef
ore TPA (25 mg/mL in Me}\fs10\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {2}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{CO) was applied. The left ear which}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {acted as control was applied with the same volume of Me}\f
s10\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {2}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {CO. The resulting of oed
ema was}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {measured
after six hours TPA application. The mice were kil ed by cervical dislocation a
nd a 7 mm}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {diamet
er section of both ears was punched out and weighed.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-293
\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {The swelling induced by TPA was assessed in
terms of the increase in the weight of the}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {right ear punch biopsy over that of the left ear. Th
e inhibitory effect (IE %) of each samples were}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {than calculated as the ratio of weight increase
of the ear sections, according to the following}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {formula:}\par\pard\li5453\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \*\
tx7360\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61485X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
\uc1\u61485X}\par\pard\li5280\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx5640\*\tx7186\*\tx7533\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {L}\i0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {R}\i0 \tab \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {L}\i0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {R}\i0 \par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols7\co
lno1\colw5280\colsr-0\colno2\colw546\colsr-0\colno3\colw1146\colsr-0\colno4\colw
573\colsr-0\colno5\colw266\colsr-0\colno6\colw133\colsr-0\colno7\colw3493\pard\l
i2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Inhibitory effect (IE%) =}\
par\column\pard\li173\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61485
X}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx333\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {L}\i0 \
tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {C}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61620X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {100}\par\co
lumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {L}\i0 { }\fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61485X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\i {L}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {)}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u61620X}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {100}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw4040\colsr-0\c
olno2\colw7400\pard\li3360\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Where:
}\par\column\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {(}\ul
0 {\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {.}\fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {41}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{L = weight of left ear which was treated with TPA only}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {R = weight of right ear which was treated w
ith TPA and the}\par\pard\li426\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {t
est sample}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {C = weig
ht of normal ear (untreated)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {C is the calculated weight. It has been found that treating a normal e
ar}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {with 0.5}{ }\fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61549X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {g TPA resulted
in a 2.41 times increase in the weight of the}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ear.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn1
5840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {Sample which has the percent of inhibition more than 50% was considered
to have the anti-}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{inflammatory activity.}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {RESULTS AND DISCUSSION}\b0 \par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Phy
tochemicals Investigation. The dried and powdered leaves of}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {M}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{malabathricum}\i0 { }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(2.09}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl

-293\slmult0 \*\tx7040\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {kg) was extracted by soxhlet e
xtraction for 18 hours with}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {n}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {-hexane, EtOAc and MeOH,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \f
s16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {successively. The n-hexane and EtOAc extract were subj
ected to several chromatographic}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {techniques (VLC and CC) to yield triterpenoid}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {1}\b0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {, two alkaloids}{ }\fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {2}\b0 { }\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8211X}\fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {3}\b0 { }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {and two flavonoids}{ }\fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4 - 5}\b0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {, while}\par\pa
rd\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {the MeOH extract after
purification afforded flavonoids}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 { }\fs18
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\c
harscalex100 {.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666
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3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li2000\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Vol.5 No.1 Tahun 2008}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
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f1\charscalex100 {3}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
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lmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {By correlating with melting points and spectr
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f0\charscalex100\b {2}\b0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) (Gu, et al., 2002), aura
namide (}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3}\b0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) (Bane
rji and Ray, 1981), quercetin (}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4}\b0 \fs16\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {) (Ishiguro, et al., 1991),}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {quercitrin (}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \fs
16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) (Slowing, et al., 1994) and kaempferol-3}\fs16\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {-O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex10
0 {(}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{ }\
fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-coumaro
yl)glucoside}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(}\
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) (Skaltsa,}{ }\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {et al.,}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1994), re
spectively.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw7986\colsr-0\colno2\colw586\colsr-0\colno3\colw2866\pa
rd\li6120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li6120\ri0\sl-560\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}{\sub \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}}\par\column\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols11\colno1\colw2426\colsr-0\col
no2\colw706\colsr-0\colno3\colw400\colsr-0\colno4\colw466\colsr-0\colno5\colw706
\colsr-0\colno6\colw680\colsr-0\colno7\colw640\colsr-0\colno8\colw653\colsr-0\co
lno9\colw1533\colsr-0\colno10\colw373\colsr-0\colno11\colw2853\pard\li1920\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
1920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {HO}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {HO}
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\column\pard
pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\p
ar\column\pard\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li240
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OH}\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OR}\par\column\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OH}\par\colum
n\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {HO}\par\column\pard\li106\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {C N}\ul0 \par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li
53\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}{\sub \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {2}}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {O}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx466\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {OH}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\par\column\pard\li413\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx413\*\tx6
80\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CH}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\tab \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\ul {O C}\ul0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {CH}\par\pard\li9
60\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}{\sub \fs18\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {2}}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {2}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) R = CH}{\sub \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {3}}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {(}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) R = Phe
}\par\pard\li973\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OH}\par\pard\li2
93\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx973\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {O}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\par\pard\li693\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \*\tx973\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}\par\colum
n\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx253\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\tab \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {R}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}{\sub \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\se
ct\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols5\colno1\co
lw6373\colsr-0\colno2\colw506\colsr-0\colno3\colw1373\colsr-0\colno4\colw880\col
sr-0\colno5\colw2306\pard\li3066\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
OH O}\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\b {4}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) R = H}\par\pard\li2653\
ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5
}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) R = Rha}\par\column\pard\li280\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx280\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\column\pard\li
173\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OH}{\super \fs24\up4\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {OH}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {OH}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {
6}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {OH}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680
\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx5640\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {This is the first repor
t on isolation of}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61537X}\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {amyrin (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{1}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), patriscabratine (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {2}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), auranamide (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00\b {3}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {),}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \
fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {quercetin (}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4}\b0 \fs16
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), quercitrin (}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \fs16
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) and kaempferol-3-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \
fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscal
ex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs16\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-d
i}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-O-p-trans-}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {coum
aroyl)-}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\
fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {glucoside (}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs16
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) from}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\c
harscalex100 {the leaves of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {malabathricum}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {with white petals. Kaempferol-3-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i
{O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs18\cf0\f2
\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs18\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {-di}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-O-p-trans-}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {coumaroyl)-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {-}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx4413\*\tx5866\fs18\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {glucoside (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsc
alex100 {) in the leaves of}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {malabathricum}\i0 \tab \fs18
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {of white petals was found for the first time in}\par\pard
\li2013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Melastoma}\i0 { }\fs18\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {species. The presence of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\u
c1\u61537X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {amyrin (}\f
s18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {1}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), quercetin (}\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), quercitrin (}\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) and kaempferol-3}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li2
013\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di}\
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-O-p-trans-}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {coumaro
yl)-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs1
8\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {glucoside (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs18\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 {) in the leaves of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M}\i0 \f
s18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {malabathricum}\i0 {
}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {with white petals}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\sl-293\slmu

lt0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {is the chemotaxonomic significant of this plants
.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Antioxidant Ac
tivity. FTC (Ferric Thiocyanate) Method. FTC method measures the amount}\par\par
d\li2013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {of peroxide produced dur
ing the initial stages of oxidation which are the primary products of}\par\pard\
li2013\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {oxidation. In this method,
the reaction mixture of linoleic acid, ethanol, phosphate buffer and}\par\pard\
li2013\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {antioxidant (sample and st
andard) is incubated at 40}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61616X}\fs18\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {C and the peroxide value is determined by}\par\pard\li2013\ri0\s
l-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {measuring the absorbance at 500 nm aft
er reaction between FeCl}{\sub \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {3}}\fs18\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {and thiocyanate.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\
marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}























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{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(53,93);(0,0);(106,0);(53,93);}}
{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}
}
}


}
}

}

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7;32768}}

7;32768}}
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7;32768}}
7;32768}}


7;32768}}
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7;32768}}


7;32768}}
7;32768}}


7;32768}}

7;32768}}

7;32768}}
7;32768}}

7;32768}}

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Figure 1 shows the results of the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids, isolat
ed from the}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {leav
es of}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M. malabathricum}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {. These flavonoids showed stronger antioxidative activities than vitamin
}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {E. The percenta
ge inhibition of these flavonoids was between 92.2-96.1% (table 1).}\par\pard\li
ar\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {2.5}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {Quercitrin}\par\pard\li3533\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {Quercetin}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw3240\colsr-0\colno2\colw8200\pard\li2466\ri0\s
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0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl280\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.5}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.0}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.5}\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-266\sl
mult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.0}\par\column\pard\li293\ri0\sl-200\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Kaempferol-3-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \f
s18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-(2",6"-di-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-c
oumaroyl glucose}\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
Control}\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Vitamin E
}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9}\par\pard\
li1866\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Incubation Time (Day)}\par
\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li
2653\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2653\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100\b {Figure 1.}\b0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Antioxidant acti
vity of flavonoids from the leaves of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {M. Malaba
thricum}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {as}\par\pard\li3453\ri0\sl-200\slmult
0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {measured by the FTC method (final sample concentra
tion, 0.02% w/v)}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\r
i0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {DPPH Method. The DPPH method is a
rapid and cheap method to measure antioxidant}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult
0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {capacity. The radical scavenging activity was dete
rmined from the reduction in the optical}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs
16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {absorbance at 517 nm due to scavenging of stable free r
adical of DPPH. Positive DPPH test}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {suggests that the extracts and compounds are free radical sca
vengers.}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0\b {Table 1}\b0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.The absorbance values and percenta
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6\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {measured by FTC antioxidant assay}\par\par
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0 {Sample}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Querce
tin}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Quercitrin}\
par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Kaempferol-3-}\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f2\char
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par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trans-}\i0 \fs1
8\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {coumaroyl)}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 {glucoside}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Vi
tamin E}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Control}
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Absorbance}{\super \fs12\up3\cf0\f1\charscalex100
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mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.
339}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.560}\par\co
lumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Percent Inhibition}\par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {96.1}\par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {94.1}\par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100
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ult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {78.3}\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {0}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marg
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mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {J
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Table 2 shows the activity of isolated compounds from two species that have free
radical}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {scaveng
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{\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {SD)}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.69}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61549X}\fs
18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {M}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {1.4}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {74.1}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61549X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{M}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.4}
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {308.1}{ }\fs18\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61549X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {M}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.7}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {17.1 mM}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {2.5}\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {8.3}{
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61549X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {M}{ }\fs1
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.2}\par\column
\f1\charscalex100 {Percent inhibition 7.8}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u6
1549X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {g/ml}\par\pard\li546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(mean}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 {SD)}\par\pard\li653\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {57.6}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 {0.5}\par\pard\li653\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {15.4}{ }\
fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.8}\par\par
d\li693\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {7.5}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.2}\par\pard\li693\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li693\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li693\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li693\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {7.4}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {0.4}\par\pard\li653\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {30.8}{
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.7}\par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li20
00\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Data represent mean}{ }\fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {SD of three indepe
ndent experiments performed in triplicate}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Anti-inflammatory Activity with TPA (12-}\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-tetradecanoylphorb
ol-13-acetate )-induced}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {Mouse Ear Oedema method. The topical application of TPA onto a mice ear
induced a long lasting}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {oedema formation. The majority of TPA actions appear to involve or be dep
endent on arachidonic}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {acid release and metabolism. At the biochemical level, PGI2, PGE2 and PGF2
are elevated within}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {minutes to hours after TPA application. Phospholipase inhibitors, cyclooxig
enase inhibitors and}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {lipoxygenase inhibitors as well as corticosteroids are effective at oedema
suppression after topical}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {application of high dose of TPA, confirming a role of arachidonic acid
release and metabolism}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {(Jeenapongsa, et al., 2003).}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {Oedema was induced by topical application of 0.5 mg per ear
of TPA. The crude extracts}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\cha
rscalex100 {(2 mg per ear); the isolated compounds (0.5 mg per ear) and the stan
dard drug indomethacin (0.5}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\cha
rscalex100 {mg per ear) were applied topically, simultaneous with TPA. TPA-induc
ed oedema formation was}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {clearly observed at six hour after the topical application. The inhibito
ry effect of crude extracts,}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {isolated compounds and positive control are given in table 3. Data
are expressed as IC}{\sub \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {50}}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {values.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw9346\colsr-0\colno2\colw2093\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2
000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Jurnal Il
miah Farmasi Vol.5 No.1 Tahun 2008}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {6}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Table 3.}\b0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {IC}\fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {50}
{ }\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {and inhibitory effect of the isolated compounds o
n mice ear oedema}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\cols3\colno1\colw4933\colsr-0\colno2\colw2400\colsr-0\colno3\colw
4106\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Sample}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61537X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-amyrin}\par\pard\l
i2400\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Kaempferol-3-}\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100
{(}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}\fs18\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-}\i0 \par\pard\li2400\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O-p-trans-}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\char
scalex100 {coumaroyl)-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61472X}\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-2
80\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {glucoside}\par\pard\li2400\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Indomethacin}\par\column\pard\li533\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li533\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
IC}{\sub \fs12\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {50}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.34 mM/ear}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\f
s18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {1.1}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\char
scalex100 {0.11 mM/ear}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {0.4}\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li66\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
66\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {2.10 M/ear}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.5}\par\column\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {Percent inhibition}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charsc
alex100 {79.21}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscal

ex100 {10.6}\par\pard\li226\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {99.83
}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {8.1}\pa
r\pard\li226\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li226\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li226\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li226\ri0\sl-253\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {76.00}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617
X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {6.0}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsx
n15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\f1\charscalex100 {In this test, kaempferol-3}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-O}
\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs18\cf0\f2\cha
rscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {-di-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs
18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-coumaroyl)glucoside (}\fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) was found to be}\par
\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {active. It gave high
er percentage of oedema inhibition (99.83%}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u
61617X}\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {SD 8.1) at a dose of 0.5 mg/mL}\par\pard\li20
00\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx6760\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {compared to the refer
ence drug, indomethacin, 76.00% (SD}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617
X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {5.0) at the same dose. The IC}\fs12\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {50}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {value
of kaempferol-3}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{-}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {(}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18
\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p}\
i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {trans}\i0 \fs18\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {-coumaroyl)glucoside (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0
\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) was 0.11 mM/ear (SD}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {0.4)}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmul
t0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {and indomethacin as a positive control was 2.10 M
/ear (SD}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61617X}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{0.5).}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
b {CONCLUSIONS}\b0 \par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680
\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Phytochemical study, which emplo
yed various chromatographic techniques, resulted in the}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {isolation of a series of flavonoids, tri
terpenoids and alkaloids. These compounds were successfully}\par\pard\li2000\ri0
\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {isolated and characterized using mod
ern spectroscopic techniques. The compounds are}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\
uc1\u61537X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {amyrin}\pa
r\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(}\fs18\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {1}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), patriscabratine (}\fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {2}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), auranamide (}\fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {3}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), quercetin (}\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {4}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {), quercitrin (}\fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {) and kaempferol-3-}\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {O}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex
100 {(}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {2\uc1\u8221X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {,}{
}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {-di}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {-O-}\i0 \par\pard
\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {p-trans-}\i0 \fs18\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {coumaroyl}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)-}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u61538X}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {gl
ucoside (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {6}\b0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {).}\pa
r\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Traditionally, the
Melastomataceae family used for the treatment of many ailment, such as}\par\pard
\li2000\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {diarrhea, puerperal infec
tion, dysentery, leucorrhoea, wound healing, post partum treatment and}\par\pard
\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx4386\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {haemorrhoids. In

teristingly the}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {in vitro}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {in vivo}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {assay, the isolated compounds from this plant}\par\pard\li2000\ri
0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {exhibited many biological activitie
s such as anti lipid peroxidation, radical scavenger and anti-}\par\pard\li2000\
ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {inflammatory.}\par\pard\li2000\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li2000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ACKNOWLEDGEMENT}\b0 \pa
r\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \f
s16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {The authors wish to thank IRPA via project no 74051 fo
r financial support.}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li20
00\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {REFERENCES}\b0 \par\pard\li2
000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {Burkil , I. H. (1966).}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {A dictio
nary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {. Kuala Lumpur,}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {Singapore (pp. 1462-1464). Government of Malaysia and Singapore by the Mini
stry of}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Agricult
ure and Co-Operatives}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {Banerji, A. and Ray, R. (1981). Auranamide, a New Phenylalanine Derivative
Isolated from}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Piper}\i0 \par\pard\li2680\ri0\s
l-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {aurantiacum}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\char
scalex100 {Wal .}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Indian J. Chem.}\i0 { }\fs18\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {20B: 597-598}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {Corner, E.J.H. (1951).}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Waysid
e trees of Malaya}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. Malayan Nature Society: Kual
a Lumpur. Vol 1. (pp}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {445-453)}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw9346\colsr-0\colno2\colw2093\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol.5 No.1 Tahun 2008}\par\column\par
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {7}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn66
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fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\cha
rscalex100 {Gu, Z. B., Yang, J. G., Liu, W. Y., Li, T. Z., Qiu, Y. and Zhang, W.
D. (2002). A New Alkaloid from}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\i {Patrinia scabra}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs18\cf0
\f0\charscalex100\i {Chin. Chem. Lett.}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {13(10)
: 957-958}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Ishigu
ro, K., Nagata, S., Fukumoto, H., Yamaki, M., Takagi, S. and Isoi, K. (1991).}{
}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Phytochemistry}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}
\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {30(9): 3152-3154
}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Jeenapongsa, R.
, Yoovathaworn, K., Sriwatanakul, K. M., Pongprayoon, U. and Sriwatanakul, K.}\p
ar\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \*\tx8853\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(2003). A
nti-inflammatory Activity of (}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {E}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene from}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\i {Zingiber}\i0 \par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100\i {cassumunar}\i0 { }\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Roxb.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100\i {J. Ethnopharmacol}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. 87(2-3): 143-1
48}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Kikuzaki, H.

and Nakatani N. (1993). Antioxidant Effect of Some Ginger Constituents.}{ }\fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {J. Food Sci}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard
\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {58(6): 1407-1410}\par\par
d\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Mahato, S. B. and Kundu
A. P. (1994).}{\super \fs12\up3\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {13}}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {C NMR Spectra of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids- A}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\
slmult0 \*\tx5706\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Compilation and some Salient Featur
e.}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Phytochemistry}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {. 37(6): 1517-1575}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f2\charsca
lex100 {Ni}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {k }\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Musa\uc1\u
8217X}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {adah,}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {M.}\fs18\cf0
\f2\charscalex100 {and }\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {Rasadah,}\fs18\cf0\f2\charsc
alex100 {M.}\fs18\cf0\f2\charscalex100 {A.}\fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {(2000). I
nhibitor Effect of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Solanum torvum}\i0 { }\fs18\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {on TPA-Induced}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {Mouse Ear Oedema.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {J. Trop.
Forest Prod}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. 6: 222-224}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s
l-386\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Nuresti, S., Baek, S. H. and Asari, A.
(2003). Chemical Components of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Melastoma Malab
athricum}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \
fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ACGC Chemical Research Communications. 16, 28-33}\par
\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Skaltsa, H., Verykok
idou, E., Harvala, C., Karabourniotis, G. & Manetas, Y. (1994). UV-B Protective}
\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Potential and Fl
avonoid Content of Leaf Hairs of}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Quercus ilex}\
i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Phytochemistry
}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. 37(4), 987-}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {990}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \*\tx8853
\fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Slowing, K., Sollhuber, M., Carretero, E. and Villar
, A. (1994). Flavonoid Glycoside from}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Eugenia
}\i0 \par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {jambos}\i
0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}{ }\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Phytochemistry}
\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. 37(1): 255-258}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-386\slm
ult0 \fs14\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Tagashira, M. and Ohtake, Y. (1998) A New Antio
xidative 1,3-Benzodioxole from}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Melissa officina
lis}\i0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\i {Planta Med}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {. 64(6): 555558}\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Yoshida, T.,
Nakata, F., Hosotani, K., Nitta, A., Okuda, T. (1992). Dimeric Hydrolysable Tan
nin from}\par\pard\li2680\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \*\tx4813\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
\i {Melastoma malabathricum}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {.}\tab \fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\i {Phytochemistry}\i0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {, 31, 2829-2833}
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\col
s2\colno1\colw9346\colsr-0\colno2\colw2093\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
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lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2000\ri0\s

ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol.5 No.1
Tahun 2008}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
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ard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {8}\par}

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