Chemistry Name ___Litsa Sursock_____ Period ___1 Date ___/___/___

Moles, Molecules, and Grams Lab

T h e M o l e C o n c e p t U n i t 4

As weve already discussed in class, its easy to make conversions between moles, molecules/formula units, and grams. For example, if we want to go from moles to grams, we use the molar mass to make this conversion. If we want to go from moles to molecules, we use Avogadros number, or 6.02 x 1023. Finally, if we want to go from grams to molecules/formula units, we just use a two-step process where we first convert from grams to moles, and then from moles to molecules/F.U. Visually, it looks like this: Molar mass Molecules/Formula Units In this lab, we will be weighing out five different substances then finding out how many moles and molecules/F.U. of each one we have. Pre-lab: If you measure out 25.0 grams of NaOH in this lab, how many moles of NaOH would you have? How many formula units? 25 grams NaOH ( 1 Mol/39.997 grams) = 0.63 Mol NaOh

6.02 x 1023 Grams

Moles

Lab: In this lab, there are five different balances set up, each of which has a labeled substance in a little jar next to it. Your job is to find out how many moles and how many molecules of each substance are in the canister. Some information you might find useful: sand baking soda (NaHCO3) chalk (CaCO3) table salt (NaCl) sugar: sucrose (C12H22O11) Make sure that your lab has a data table that contains the following: The name of each of these substances The formula for each of these substances The molar mass of each of these substances The mass in grams of each of these substances. When you are done weighing each material, calculate the number of moles of each material, and the number of molecules of each one, and put them in the right space. All calculations must be shown on lined paper with all conversion factors and unit cancelling. Data Table:

DATA TABLE FORMULA

BAKING SODA NaHCO3

SAND SiO2 60.08 grams 7.60 grams

TABLE SALT NaCl 58.44 grams 5.92 grams

SUGAR C12H22O11 342.2965 grams 5.46 grams

CHALK CaCO3 100.0869 grams 1.92 grams

MOLAR MASS 84.007 grams MASS OF SAMPLE FORMULA FOR MOLES 7.86 grams

7.866 g x 1 Mol / 84.007 g 0.0936 Mol

7.60 g x 1 5.92 g x 1 Mol / 60.08 g Mol / 58.44g

5.46 g x 1 Mol / 342.2965 grams 0.0160 Mol

1.92 g x 1 Mol / 100.0869 g 0.0192 Mol

NUMBER OF MOLES FORMULA FOR MOLECULES NUMBER OF MOLECULES

0.126 Mol

0.101 Mol

0.0936 Mol x 6.02 x 10^23 Molecules / 1 Mol 5.63 x 10^22 Molecules

0.126 Mol x 6.02 x 10^23 Molecules / 1Mol 7.59 x 10^22 Molecules

0.101 Mol x 6.02 x 10^23 Molecules / 1 Mol 6.08 x 10^22 Molecules

0.0160 Mol x 6.02 x 10^23 Molecules /1 Mol 9.63 x 10^22 Molecules

0.0192 Mol x 6.02 x 10^23 Molecules / 1 Mol 1.16 x 10^22 Molecules

Calculations: Using your data, find the following values. Make sure to show all work and write all numbers with the correct significant figures. 1a. Number of moles of sand: 0.126 Mol

1b. Number of molecules of sand: 7.59 x 10^22 Molecules

2a. Number of moles of baking soda: 0.094 Mol

2b. Number of formula units of baking soda: 5.63 x 10^22 Formula Units

3. Number of formula units of chalk: 1.16 x 10^22 Formula Units

4. Number of formula units of salt: 6.08 x 10^22 Formula Units

5. Number of molecules of sugar: 9.63 x 10^22 Molecules

Post Lab Questions:

1. Which of the materials we worked with had the largest number of molecules/formula units?
Was this the material that had the largest weight? Why? We found that sugar had the largest number of molecules, though it also seemed to have the lowest mass. Its molar mass, on the other hand, was very large, which shows that it would have the greatest number of molecules.

2. Water has a molecular formula of H2O. If I have 50.0 g of water, how many moles of water do I
have? How many molecules? 50.0g H2O x 1Mol / 18.01528 grams = 2.78 Mol H2O 2.78 Mol x 6.02 x 10^23 Molecules / 1Mol = 1.67 x 10^24 Molecules

3. Butane has a molecular formula of C4H10. If I have 50.0 grams of butane, how many moles of
natural gas do I have? How many molecules? 50.0g C4H10 x 1 Mol / 58.12 grams = 0.860 Mol C4H10 0.860 Mol x 6.02 x 10^23 Molecules / 1 Mol = 5.18 x 10^24 Molecules

4. I had the same weight of water and butane in problems 3 and 4. Why didnt the answer come
out the same? Explain.

The molar mass of C4H10 and the molar mass of H2O is different, therefore the answer did not come out the same, and the answers that result in dimensional analysis will result differently .