T

TRNG I HC TY NGUYN
KHOA KHTN&CN
B MN: CNG NGH MI TRNG
---o0o---

BO CO TH NGHIM
MN: THC HNH PHN TCH MI TRNG

Tn: Mai Th Ngc Na

Lp: CNMT K09
MSSV: 09502022
GVHD: ng Th Thanh H

BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 1

XC NH C CA NC
1, Nguyn tc:
Da trn s hp th nh sng ca cc cht cn c trong dung dch.
2, Tin trnh th nghim:
2.1, Thu mu:
- Tin hnh thu 3 mu nc: nc h H Ty Nguyn, nc cng
gia H Ty Nguyn, nc my.
- Mi mu ly nc 3-5 v tr v su khc nhau, ring nc my
ly nc trc tip t vi nc.
2.2, X l mu:
- Phn tch mu ngay nn khng cn bo qun.
- ng nht mi mu vo mt cc thy tinh sch, khuy u ta c 3
cc nc cn phn tch c: nc h H Ty Nguyn, nc cng gia
H Ty Nguyn v nc my.
2.3, Phn tch mu:
- Hiu chnh my v chun mu.
- o mu nc (trc khi o phi lc u dung dch):
+ Cho ln lt 3 mu nc vo 3 l ng mu o (nc trong l
chm vch trng, khng qu y), y np l.
+ Cho ln lt tng l vo my o, y np v n gi ng thi
phim [Mode] v [Read], sau 20 giy my xut ra kt qu:
Nc h H Ty Nguyn: 72,6 NTU
Nc cng gia: 76,8 NTU
Nc my: 0,76 NTU
3, Kt lun:
- Nc my t tiu chun nc sinh hot v ch tiu c theo quy
chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh hot ca B Y t (QCVN
02:2009/BYT).
- Nc h H Ty Nguyn v nc cng gia c c kh cao cho
thy nc hai khu vc ny b nhim bn.

BO CO TH NGHIM S 2

XC NH HM LNG OXI HA TAN (DO)

TRONG NC
1, Nguyn tc:
- Trong nc khng c Oxi, khi cho dung dch Mn2+ vo s to kt ta
trng:

Mn 2+ + 2OH Mn(OH ) 2 (trng)

- Trong nc c Oxi, khi cho Mn2+ vo s xut hin kt ta nu:

1
Mn 2+ + 2OH + O2 MnO2 + 2 H 2O
2
- Trong mi trng c axit, MnO 2 + l cht oxi ha mnh, c kh
nng oxi ha I - thnh I2 bng ng vi lng I 2 c trong mu nc lc
ban u:

MnO2 + 2 I + 4 H + Mn 2+ + I 2 + 2 H 2O
- Chun vi Na2S2O3 0,02N, ch th h tinh bt. I2 c g i i
phng ra s ha tan trong nc v c xc nh bng
p h n g p h p chun vi dung dch Na 2 S 2 O 3 . H tinh bt c
s dng lm cht ch th xc nh im tng ng trong qu trnh
chun ny.

I 2 + S 2O3 2 I + S 4O62
2, Dng c v ha cht:
2.1, Dng c:
- Buret
- Chai BOD (300ml)
- Cc
- Bnh tam gic
- Pipet
2.2, Ha cht:
- Dung dch Mn2+
- Dung dch KI
- Na2S2O3 0,02N
- H tinh bt
- H2SO4 m c
3, Tin trnh th nghim:
3.1, Ly mu:
Ly mu nc my trc tip t vi nc vo mt cc ln.

3.2, X l v phn tch mu:

- Rt trn mu nc vo chai BOD, sao cho khng c bt kh bm
trn thnh chai trnh sai s.
- Thm ln lt vo chai BOD 1ml dung dch Mn2+ v 1ml dung dch kim.

- y nt chai, o ngc chai vi ln. chai trong ti v mt trong

20 pht (mc ch: trnh s phn hy ca It do nh sng v s quang hp
ca vi sinh vt trong nc, trnh sai s v lng ta).
- Thm vo 2ml H2SO4 m c (cho su di y chai H 2SO4 tc
dng vi ta).
- y nt chai, o ngc chai n khi kt te tan ht.
- Ly 20ml cho vo bnh tam gic + vi git ch th h tinh bt. Chun
vi Na2S2O3 0,02N t dung dch mu vng nht sang khng mu (chun
3 ln).
- Lng Na2S2O3 dng:
Ln chun

VNa2 S2O3 (ml )

1
2
3

0,7
0,7
0,7

4, Cng thc tnh ton v kt qu:

mgO2 / l =

VNa2 S2O3 .N Na2 S2O3 .VBOD .8.1000

V .(VBOD 2)

(1)

Trong :
- VNa2 S2O3 : th tch Na2S2O3 dng chun
- N Na2 S2O3 : nng Na2S2O3
- VBOD : th tch chai BOD
- V: th tch mu dng trong mi ln chun
Tnh ton:
- T lng Na2S2O3 dng trong 3 ln chun , ta c th tch trung bnh:

Vtb =
- Vi:

0, 7 + 0, 7 + 0, 7
= 0, 7(ml )
3

VNa2 S2O3 = 0, 7ml

N Na2 S2O3 = 0, 02 N
4

VBOD = 300(ml )
V = 20 (ml)
Thay vo cng thc (1), ta c:

mgO2 / l =

0, 7.0, 02.300.8.1000
= 5, 63758(mgO2 / l )
20.(300 2)

5, Kt lun:
Hm lng Oxi ha tan trong mu nc my dng phn tch chng
minh nc my ny c hm lng Oxi ph hp cho s sng ca cc sinh vt
vng nng v vn nm trong gii hn cho php ca ch tiu DO i vi nc
sinh hot (ti a l 6mgO2/l) theo TCVN 5502:2003.

BO CO TH NGHIM S 3

XC NH HM LNG SUNFAT
BNG PHNG PHP O C
1, Nguyn tc:

SO42 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2Cl

em i o bng my quang ph vi = 420nm .
2, Dng c v ha cht:
2.1, Dng c:
- Pipet
- Bnh tam gic
- Cuvet
- My quang ph
2.2, Ha cht:
- BaCl2 tinh th
- Dung dch SO42 chun (100 g / ml )
- Dung dch m
3, Tin hnh th nghim:
3.1, Ly mu:
- Ly mu nc h i hc Ty Nguyn.
3.2, Dng ng chun :
STT

10

25

23

21

19

17

15

2
4

SO (ml )

dung dch
chun
Nc ct
(ml)

Mu nc
25
(ml)
- Thm vo 1ml dung dch m, khuy + 0,5g BaCl2 vo bnh tam gic.
- Khuy 5 pht.
- o quang ph = 420nm .
- Gi C l nng v A l hp thu. Ta c bng kt qu o:

C(

g / ml )

C0

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

0,005

0,017

0,037

0,05

0,081

0,115

0,056

- ng chun :

Ta c biu thc mi quan h gia nng v hp th:

A = 0,002c 0,003
2
H s tng quan: R = 0,962.
T nhng s liu trn ta bit c nng ca SO42- trong mu l:
0,056 = 0,002c 0,003
Suy ra: 0,002c = 0,059
=> C = 29,5mg/l
4, Kt lun: Nng Sulfate trong nc h H Ty Nguyn vt mc cho
php theo TCVN 5502:2003 i vi nc cung cp cho sinh hot.

BO CO TH NGHIM S 4
7

XC NH ST TRONG NC
1, Nguyn tc:
Cc dng st ha tan trong mu nc c kh v st (II) bng cch
un si mu vi hydroxylamine (NH2OH) trong mi trng axit pH 3,2
3,3. St (II) to phc mu cam vi 1,10 phenanthroline trong khong
pH t 3,0 9,0. Phc gia st (II) v 1,10 phenanthroline tng i bn v
cng mu khng i khong 6 thng.
Phng trnh phn ng ha hc:

Fe(OH )3 + H + Fe3+ + H 2O
H+ (HCldd) gip ha tan Fe(OH)3, v trong th nghim ny, nht thit
ton b st trong mu phi di dng ha tan.
Fe3+ + NH 2OH Fe 2+ + N 2O + H 2O + H +
Phi kh thnh Fe+2 v 1,10 phenanthroline ch to phc vi Fe+2 nn
Fe+3 phi kh thnh Fe+2. Hydroxylamine c dng lm tc nhn kh.

+ Fe+2
1,10 phenanthroline
phc mu cam
3 phn t 1,10 phenanthroline kt hp vi phn t Fe +2 to phc
mu cam.
2, Dng c v ha cht
2.1, Dng c:
- Bnh tam gic
- Bnh nh mc
- ng ong
- My quang ph
- Bp in
2.2, Ha cht
- HCl 1:1
- Dung dch chun Fe2+ (1000mg/l)
- Dung dch chun Fe2+ (10mg/l)
- 1, 10 phenaltrolin 0,5%
- m axetat pH5
3, Dng ng chun
8

- Ly mu: Mu nc my
STT
Fe (10mg/l)
Nc ct
HCl 1:1
NH2OH.HCl
2+

1
0
50

2
2
48

3
4
46

4
6
44
2 ml
1ml

5
8
42

6
10
40

Mu
50

- un si cn 15-20ml, ngui, sau chuyn vo bnh nh mc 100ml.

- Thm vo: + 10ml m pH5
+ 1ml phenaltrolin
- nh mc.
- yn 10 15 pht ri o quang. Kt qu o nh sau:
STT
A

1
0.009

2
0.014

3
0.022

4
0.064

5
0.072

6
0.081

Mu
0.03

4, Tnh ton kt qu:

- Ta c th chun:

T biu trn ta c hm s th hin mi quan h gia nng Fe2+

vi hp th: y = 0,004x.
H s tng quan: R2 = 0,928
Trong :
x l nng Fe2+.
9

y l hp th.
Ta c hp th ca mu o c l : 0,032. Suy ra nng ca Fe2+ c
trong mu l: 0,032 = 0,004x => x = 8 mg/l.
5, Kt lun :
Mu nc c nng st vt mc cho php theo TCVN 5502 :2003,
b nhim st.

BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 5
10

XC NH pH CA T
1, ngha:
- Bit tnh cht t.
- Bit nguyn nhn gy nn tnh cht t.
- a ra bin php ci to.
2, Nguyn tc:
Chit rt ion H+ bm trn b mt ht keo t bng dung dch KCl 1N:
H
K
H
+

H
+

+ KCl

K
K
K
+

+ HCl

K
+

3, Dng c v ha cht:
3.1, Dng c:
- Bnh tam gic.
- ng ong.
- Ci chy s.
- My o pH cm tay.
3.2, Ha cht:
- KCl 1N
- Giy qu (giy o pH).
4, Tin hnh th nghim:
- Thu mu t (15g).
- Nghin mn kh.
- Cn 10g cho vo bnh tam gic.
- Ht 50ml dung dch KCl 1N cho vo bnh tam gic trn v lc trong 1
gi.
- Ly dch lc o pH.
5, Kt qu:
- o pH bng giy qu: khong 6 - 6,5
- o bng my o pH cm tay: 6,35.
6, Kt lun:
Da vo kt qu xc nh pH ca mu t trn ta thy t b chua
mc nh. Nu mun ci to cho mc ch sn xut nng nghip (trng
trt) ta c th bn vi vi lng thch hp tng pH cho t.

11

BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 6

PHN TCH CHUA THY PHN

(PHNG PHP KAPPEN)

1, ngha:
- Bit c mc cha no baz ca t.
- Xc nh c lng vi cn thit bn cho t.
2, Nguyn tc:
- Dng 1 mui kim mnh axit yu (thng l CH 3COONa) trao i
+
H v Al3+ t keo t.
H
K

+ CH3COONa

Al3
+

CH3COONa + H2O CH3COOH + NaOH

H
K

Al3

+ 5NaOH

K 5Na

+ H2O + Al(OH)3

3, Dng c v ha cht:
3.1, Dng c:
- Buret.
- Bnh tam gic.
- ng ong.
- Ci v chy s.
- Pipet
3.2, Ha cht:
- CH3COONa 1N
- Phenolphtalein 1%
- NaOH 0,05N
4, Tin hnh th nghim:
- Ly mu t, nghin mn.
- Cn 10g cho vo bnh tam gic.
- Ht 50ml dung dch CH3COONa cho vo bnh tam gic.
- Lc trong 1 gi.
- Lc ly 20ml dch lc cho vo bnh tam gic, nh vi git
Phenolphtalein vo.
12

- Chun vi NaOH 0,05N, dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu

hng nht bn trong 1 pht.
5, Tnh ton kt qu:
- Lng NaOH dng:V1 = 1,7ml V2 = 1,5ml
Ta c lng NaOH trung bnh dng: Vtb = 1,6ml
- Cng thc tnh ton:

H TP =

VNaOH .N NaOH .1, 75.K .100

W

Thay s vo cng thc trn ta tnh c chua thy phn ca mu:

H TP =

1, 6.0, 05.1, 75.2.100

= 2,8
10

6, Kt lun:
chua thy phn ca mu t thp.

BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 7

XC NH CNG CA NC
13

1, ngha:
- Bit c hm lng cation Ca 2+ v Mg2+ c trong nc c cch
khc phc hiu qu nht.
2, Nguyn tc:
- Xc nh cng tng s:
ETOO
Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ + EDTA
phc
- Xc nh cng Canxi:
murexit
Ca2+ + EDTA
dung dch t mu chuyn sang tm hoa c
3, Dng c v ha cht:
3.1, Dng c:
- Buret.
- ng ong.
- Bnh tam gic.
- Pipet
3.2, Ha cht:
- Dung dch EDTA 0,01M
- Ch th ETOO 0,25%
- Ch th murexit 0,2%
- NaOH 0,1N
- H2SO4 0,1N
- Dung dch m pH10
4, Tin hnh th nghim (mi th nghim lp li 2 ln):
4.1, Xc nh cng tng cng:
- Ly mu
- Kim tra s b mu : ly 5 10ml mu, dng giy qu o pH ca
mu, dng NaOH 0,1N nh vo mu s b (ta c pH ca mu khong 10
12).
- Ly 5 10ml dung dch mu kim tra s b thm vo 5ml dung
dch m pH10 v 0,1g ch th ETOO.
- Chun vi EDTA 0,02N n khi dung dch chuyn t mu nho
sang xanh chm.
4.2, Xc nh cng Canxi:
- Tin hnh tng t nh xc nh cng tng cng nhng thay ch
th ETOO bng ch th Murexit.
5, Tnh ton kt qu:
5.1, Xc nh cng tng cng:
- Lng EDTA dng chun :
V1 = 2,5ml
V2 = 2,3ml
14

Ta c lng EDTA trung bnh dng chun : Vtb = 2,4ml

- Cng thc tnh ton:
V .N
.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l = EDTA EDTA
Vml
Thay s liu vo cng thc trn, ta c kt qu phn tch
cng tng cng ca mu nc l 240mgCaCO3/l.
5.2, Xc nh cng Canxi:
- Lng EDTA dng chun : V1 = 2,5ml
V2 = 2,7ml
Ta c lng EDTA trung bnh dng chun : Vtb = 2,6ml
- Cng thc tnh ton:
V .N
.1000.20
mgCa / l = EDTA EDTA
Vml
Thay s liu vo cng thc, ta c kt qu phn tch cng Canxi
ca mu nc l 104mgCaCO3/l.
6, Kt lun:
Da vo kt qu phn tch cng tng s ca mu nc, ta thy mu
nc c cng cao v c th kt lun y l nc cng (nc c cng
t 150 300mgCaCO3/l).

BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 8
15

XC NH KIM CA NC
1, ngha:
- Bit c kh nng trung ha axit ca nc
2, Nguyn tc:
- kim c xc nh bng phng php chun th tch vi
H2SO4 hoc HCl. Gm 2 giai on ng vi 2 loi kim ty thuc vo
im cui ca php chun : kim phenolphtalein v kim tng s.
+ Giai on 1: kim phenolphtalein:
Nu pH ca mu nc ln hn 8,3: chun vi ch th
phenolphtalein, pH gim do c OH- vaf CO32- c trung ha:
OH- + H+ H2O

CO3 + H+ HCO3 H2O + CO2

+ Giai on 2: kim tng s: pH 4,5: tt c cc bicacbonat v
cacbonat u c chuyn thnh axit cacbonic H2CO3 v axit ny b phn
hy ngay lp tc thnh nc v kh cacbonic:

HCO3 + H + H 2O + CO2
3, Dng c v ha cht:
3.1, Dng c:
- Buret.
- Cc
- Pipet
- Bnh tam gic
3.2, Ha cht:
- Ch th Phenolphtalein 0,5%
- Metyl cam
- H2SO4 0,02N
- NaOH 0,1N
4, Tin hnh th nghim (mi th nghim th hin 3 ln):
- Ly mu nc: gm mu nc do phng th nghim chun b v mu
nc h H Ty Nguyn.
- Ly y chai BOD, trnh bt kh, y kn np.
4.1, Xc nh kim Phenolphtalein:
- Ly 100ml mu, nh vi git PP, nu mu nc xut hin mu hng
th i xc nh kim PP, nu khng xut hin mu hng th xc nh
kim tng s.
- Chun vi H2SO4 0,02N, mu t mu hng chuyn sang khng
mu.
16

- Cng thc xc nh kim PP:

mgCaCO3 / l =

V1H 2 SO4 .N H 2 SO4 .1000.50

Vml

4.2, kim tng s:

- Thm tip 1-3 git ch th Metyl cam vo bnh mu chun
kim PP.
- Chun vi H2SO4 0,02N. Dung dch t mu vng sang vng da
cam.

mgCaCO3 / l =

V2 H 2 SO4 .N H 2 SO4 .1000.50

Vml

4.3, Lng H2SO4 dng chun :

- Mu nc phng th nghim:
V1=23,2ml
V2=78ml
V1=23,2ml
V2=77,5ml
V1=23,2ml
V2=78,3ml
Th tch trung bnh: V1=23,2ml v V2=77,9ml.
- Mu nc h H Ty Nguyn:
V=3,1ml
V=3,0ml
V=3,2ml
Th tch trung bnh: Vtb=3,1ml
4.4, Tnh ton: Thay s liu vo cng thc nu trn, ta c:
* Mu nc phng th nghim:
- kim PP:
23, 2.0, 02.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l =
= 232
100
- kim tng s:
77, 9.0, 02.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l =
= 779
100
* Mu nc h H Ty Nguyn:
3,1.0, 02.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l =
= 31
100
5, Kt lun:
- Mu nc h H Ty Nguyn c kim tng i thp.
- Mu nc do phng th nghim chun b c kim cao.
BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 9

XC NH AXIT CA NC
17

1, ngha:
- Bit c kh nng gii phng ion H+ ca nc.
- Kh nng n mn ng ng.
- Bin php khc phc ph hp.
2, Nguyn tc:
- Dng dung dch kim mnh nh phn axit ca cc axit v c
mnh, axit hu c v axit yu.
- axit do nh hng ca axit v c c xc nh bng cch nh
phn n im i mu ca ch th metyl cam nn gi l axit metyl cam
hay axit khong (pH<4,5).
- Qu trnh tip tc nh phn sau xc nh axit ton phn
c thc hin n im cui ca ch th Phenolphtalein, gi l axit tng
cng.
H+ + OH- H2O
3, Dng c v ha cht:
3.1, Dng c:
- Buret.
- Pipet.
- Bnh tam gic
- Cc.
3.2, Ha cht:
- NaOH o,1N
- Ch th PP 0,5%
- Metyl cam.
4, Tin hnh th nghim:
- Ly mu gm mu nc do phng th nghim chun b v mu nc h
H Ty Nguyn.
- Ly 100ml mu kim tra pH:
Nu pH < 4,5 th xc nh axit MO: Ly 50 100ml mu thm 3 git
MO, chun vi NaOH 0,05N n khi dung dch chuyn sang mu vng
th dng.
+ Cng thc xc nh axit khong:
V
.N
.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l = 1NaOH NaOH
Vml
* Xc nh axit tng cng:
+ Cch 1: Thm tip 3 git PP 0,5% vo bnh chun MO trn v
chun vi NaOH 0,05N n khi dung dch chuyn sang mu hng.
Cng thc axit tng cng:
18

(V1 + V2 ) NaOH .N NaOH .1000.50

Vml
+ Cch 2: Ly 50ml mu vo bnh tam gic khc v thm 3 git PP,
chun vi NaOH 0,05N n khi dung dch chuyn sang mu hng bn
trong 5 pht th dng.
V
.N
.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l = 3 NaOH NaOH
Vml
Nu pH > 4,5: xc nh axit toognr cng, tin hnh nh cch 2 nu
trn.
5, Tnh ton kt qu:
Lng NaOH dng chun :
- Mu nc h H Ty Nguyn: pH > 4,5 nn ch xc nh axit tng
cng, vi lng NaOH trong 3 ln chun :
V3(1) = 0,5ml
V3(2) = 0,5ml
V3(3) = 0,5ml
Th tch trung bnh: Vtb = 0,5ml
Thay s liu vo cng thc, ta c:
0,5.0, 05.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l =
= 12,5
100
- Mu nc phng th nghim:
V1(1) = 27,5ml
V2(1) = 39ml
V3(1) = 33ml
V1(2) = 26,5ml
V2(2) = 40ml
V3(2) = 33ml
V1(3) = 27ml
V2(3) =38ml
V3(3) = 33ml
Th tch trung bnh:
V1 = 27ml
V2 = 39ml
V3 = 33ml
+ axit khong:
27.0, 05.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l =
= 675
100
+ axit tng cng:
33.0, 05.1000.50
mgCaCO3 / l =
= 825
100
6, Kt lun:
- axit ca mu nc h H Ty Nguyn tng i thp.
- axit ca mu nc phng th nghim chun b cao.
mgCaCO3 / l =

BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 10

19

XC NH Cl- TRONG NC
1, ngha:
- Bit c hm lng Cl- c trong nc.
- Bit c mc nh hng ca Cl - trong nc c bin php khc
phc ph hp.
2, Nguyn tc:

Ag + + Cl AgCl (trng)
Ag + + CrO4 2 Ag 2CrO4 (nu )
3, Dng c v ha cht:
3.1, Dng c:
- Buret
- Pipet
- Bnh tam gic
- ng ong
3.2, Ha cht:
- AgNO3 0,04N
- Ch th K2CrO4 5%
- NaOH 0,01N
4, Tin hnh th nghim (tin hnh 3 ln):
- Ly mu nc gm mu do phng th nghim chun b v mu nc h
H Ty Nguyn.
- Ly 30ml mu nc cho vo bnh tam gic.
- Kim tra pH ca mu nc v iu chnh n pH 7-8
- Nh vo mu 3 git K2CrO4 5%, lc u.
- Chun vi AgNO3 0,04N, dung dch t mu vng sang xut hin kt
ta nu.
- Th nghim mu trng: chun b tng t nh trn, thay mu nc bng
nc ct. Chun vi V2 AgNO3.
- Cng thc tnh ton:
(V1 AgNO3 V2 AgNO3 ).N AgNO3 .35,5.1000
Cl (mg / l ) =
Vml
5, Kt qu th nghim:
- Mu trng:
+ Lng AgNO3 dng chun :
V2(1) = 0,4ml
V2(2) = 0,4mlV2(3) = 0,4ml

20

Th tch trung bnh: Vtb = 0,4ml

- Mu nc h H Ty Nguyn:
+ Lng AgNO3 dng chun :
V1(1) = 3,2ml
V1(2) = 2,8mlV1(3) = 3,0ml
Th tch trung bnh: Vtb = 3,0ml
+Hm lng Cl- c trong mu nc h:
(3 0, 4).0, 04.35,5.1000
Cl (mg / l ) =
= 123, 07
30
- Mu nc phng th nghim:
+ Lng AgNO3 dng chun :
V1(1) = 20,5ml
V1(2)
=
20,1ml
V1(3) = 20,4ml
Th tch trung bnh: Vtb = 20,33ml
+ Hm lng Cl- c trong mu nc phng th nghim:
(20,33 0, 4).0, 04.35,5.1000
Cl ( mg / l ) =
= 943,35
30
6, Kt lun:
- Hm lng Cl- trong nc h nm trong gii hn cho php theo TCVN
5502:2003.
- Hm lng Cl- trong mu nc do phng th nghim chun b vt mc
cho php theo TCVN. Mu nc ny b nhim Cl-.

BI BO CO TH NGHIM S 11
21

XC NH NNG BI
TRONG KHNG KH
1, Gii thiu chung v bi:
- Bi l tn chung cho cc ht cht rn c ng knh nh c
vi micrmt n na milimt,t lng xung theo trng lng ca chng
nhng vn c th l lng trong khng kh mt thi gian sau. Cc ht to hn
c th gi l ct, si. Khi bi phn tn mnh trong khng kh hay cc cht
kh ni chung, hn hp kh v bi c gi l aerosol rn.
- Bi c nhiu tnh cht vt l khc so vi khi chng trng thi cht
rn hay cht lng v m.
2, Ngun gc:
- Trong kh quyn Tri t, bi sinh ra t mt s ngun: t mn
b gi cun ln, cc hot ng ni la, v nhim khng kh.
Cc ht bi tri ni trong kh quyn c th hp th v bc x nhit
nng ca nh sng Mt Tri v to nn hiu ng mnh cho kh hu ca Tri t.

- Bi trong nh, gm bi trong kh quyn trn vi bi sinh ra do ma

st ca cc vt trong nh, ch yu t da ngi, si vi trn qun
o, chn...
Mt s cn trng nh trong nh n cc thnh phn hu c ca bi ny.
Cc cht thi ca chng cng tr thnh bi v c th gy d ng cho ngi.
3, nh hng ca bi:
- Tc hi nhim bi v sol kh l ch chng c th to hp cht vi
mt s kim loi him nh Cd, Pb... Bi v sol kh l phng tin chnh cha
cc kim loi nng trong kh quyn.
- Bi v sol kh gy nhim kh quyn, nh hng ti cn bng sinh
thi, l ngun gc gy nn sng m, cn tr phn x ca tia mt tri.
- nhim bi dn ti thay i pH phn trn b mt Tri t (tro bi
c tnh kim) v tch t cc cht c (kim loi nng, hp cht Hydrocarbon
thm ngng t...) trn b mt thc vt.
- Con ngi phn ng vi cht c dng bi nh b n mn da, mt v
c quan h hp, gy bnh bi phi...

22

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