Honors Chemistry

Name _________________________________ Period ___ Date ______/______/______

U n i t 3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction Part II: Reactions with Acids Materials: Metals: Copper Magnesium Zinc Silver Lead Calcium

Solution: hydrochloric acid

Procedures: 1. Determine where H+ should be placed on an activity series by comparing the relative amount of bubbling when added to metals. 2. Create a data table and record your results. H03 Part III: Demonstration Your teacher will demonstrate Calcium metal in acid. Write down your observations S\aq Cu Mg Zn Pb Ag Ca CuSO4 NR Bubbles, greenish black Darker NR Steam, blue Mg(NO3)2 NR NR NR Darker NR Bubbles, White, cloudy ZnSO4 NR NR NR NR NR Bubbles, Steam, White, cloudy Pb(NO3)2 NR Darker Darker NR NR Bubbles, Steam, White, cloudy AgNO3 grey brown Light brown Darker NR Bubbles, Steam, Black, cloudy HCl NR Bubbles NR NR NR Bubbles, White

Discussion Questions 1. From Part I: Which of the metals gave (a) four reactions Mg (d) one reactions Cu (b) three reactions Pb, Zn (e) no reaction Ag (c) two reactions -Use the answers from above to list the five metals in order of decreasing reactivity. Mg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag 2. From Part II: Describe the order of metals from those that bubble most to those that bubble least, or not at all. List the five metals in decreasing order of reactivity. Place hydrogen into the list. Solutions mixed with calcium always bubbled and solutions mixed with magnesium sometimes bubbled (2). Metals mixed with Copper (II) Sulfate and Hydrochloric acid had 2 reactions. Mg, Zn, Pb, H, Cu, Ag 3. Compare the order of reactivity of metals from Part II with all of the metals in Part I and describe any relationships you can discover. Create a final list of reactivity in order of decreasing reactivity. The reactivity order is the same as the predicted order. Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag 4. From Part III: place calcium in your list of reactivity. Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag 5. Compare this order with that of the reactivity series from your notes. Outline similarities and differences. Suggest several reasons for what might explain any differences. Similarities were that the orders were the same. Differences were that the number of metals were different. The numbers of metals were different because we only tested with a minimum of metals out of many metals in the periodic table. 6. Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) Cu+2Ag+=> Cu2++Ag, Mg+Cu2+=>Mg2++Cu, Mg+Pb2+=>Mg2++Pb, Mg+Ag+=>Mg2++Ag, Mg+2H+=>Mg2++H2, Mg+Zn2+=>Mg2++Zn, Zn+Cu2+=>Zn2++Cu, Zn+Pb2+=>Zn2++Pb, Zn+Ag+=>Zn2++Ag, Pb+Cu2+=>Pb2++Cu, Pb+Mg2+=>Pb2++Mg, Pb+Ag+=>Pb2++Ag, Ca+Cu2+=>Ca2++Cu 7. For each of the reactions, determine which substances has been oxidized and which one has been reduced as well as which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent. Oxidized: Cu, Mg, Zn, Pb Reduced: Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mg, H 8. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? ?+HCl=reaction, ?+Ca(NO3)2=no reaction, ?+ ZnCl2=reaction. ?'s reactivity is higher than oxygen and zinc, lower than calcium. This concludes that it is either Magnesium, Aluminum, Sodium. Experiments to decide whether it is the three could be ?+AlPO4 or ?+MgSO4. Conclusion: A statement about the activity series you discovered. We can conclude that these experiments can help solve whether some metals/nonmetals are more reactive than others. Using these reactions, we can also conclude that some metals react more with other while others react less.