Chemistry _1__/_12__/__2013 Moles, Molecules, and Grams Lab

Name __Vanessa Lucas Period __1_ Date The Mole Concept Unit 4

As weve already discussed in class, its easy to make conversions between moles, molecules/formula units, and grams. For example, if we want to go from moles to grams, we use the molar mass to make this conversion. If we want to go from moles to molecules, we use Avogadros number, or 6.02 x 1023. Finally, if we want to go from grams to molecules/formula units, we just use a two step process where we first convert from grams to moles, and then from moles to molecules/F.U. Visually, it looks like this: Molar mass Grams Molecules/Formula Units

6.02 x 1023 Moles

In this lab, we will be weighing out five different substances then finding out how many moles and molecules/F.U. of each one we have. Prelab: If you measure out 25.0 grams of NaOH in this lab, how many moles of NaOH would you have? How many formula units? Moles 25.0g x (1 mole/39.997g) = 0.625 moles Formula Units 0.625moles x (6.02x1023molecules / 1mole) = 6.25x1022

Lab: In this lab, there are five different balances set up, each of which has a labeled substance in a little jar next to it. Your job is to find out how many moles and how many molecules of each substance are in the canister. Some information you might find useful: sand baking soda (NaHCO3) chalk (CaCO3) table salt (NaCl) sugar: sucrose (C12H22O11) Make sure that your lab has a data table that contains the following:

The name of each of these substances The formula for each of these substances The molar mass of each of these substances The mass in grams of each of these substances. When you are done weighing each material, calculate the number of moles of each material, and the number of molecules of each one, and put them in the right space. All calculations must be shown on lined paper with all conversion factors and unit cancelling. Data Table:

Name Sand SiO2

Formula

Baking Soda

NaHCO3

Chalk

CaCO3

Table Salt

NaCl

Sugar

C12H22O11

Molar Mass 28.09 32.00 =60.09g/mol 22.99 1.008 60.01 =84.01g/mol 40.08 60.01 =100.09g/mol 22.99 35.45 =58.44g/mol 12.01(12)= 144.12 1.008(22)=22.76 16.00 (11)= 176 =342.96g/mol

Mass (g) 6.40g

4.30g

3.52g

5.95g

5.004 g

Calculations: Using your data, find the following values. Make sure to show all work and write all numbers with the correct significant figures. 1a. Number of moles of sand: _0.107moles_________ 6.40g x (1mol/60.09g) = 0.106507moles

a. Number of molecules of sand: _6.44x1022 molecules__________ 0.107moles x (6.02x1023molecules/1mol) = 6.4414 x 1022 molecules

2a. Number of moles of baking soda: _0.0512moles_________ 4.30g x (1mole/ 84.01g) = 0.0512 moles

a. Number of formula units of baking soda: ____3.08x1022 F.U. _______ 0.0512moles x (6.02x1023molecules/1mol) = 3.08x1022 F.U.

3. Number of formula units of chalk: ___2.12x1022 F.U.____ Hint: String two conversions together 3.52g x (1mol/100.09g) x (6.02x1023molecules/1mol) = 2.12x1022 F.U.

4. Number of formula units of salt: ____6.13 x 1022 F.U______ 5.95g x (1mol/58.44g) = 0.102moles 0.102moles x (6.02 x 1023molecules/1 mole) = 6.13 x 1022 F.U

5. Number of molecules of sugar: ___8.78 x 1021 molecules _______ 5.004g x (1mol/342.96g) = 0.0146mol 0.0146mol x (6.02x1023molecules/ 1mol) = 8.78 x 1021 molecules

Post Lab Questions: 1. Which of the materials we worked with had the largest number of molecules/formula units? Was this the material that had the largest weight? Why? The material with the largest number of formula units/molecules was sand with a measure of 6.44x10^22. Sand had the largest weight over all the other materials, which means sand had the most molecules in the measurement.

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Water has a molecular formula of H2O. If I have 50.0 g of water, how many moles of water do I have? How many molecules? 50.0g x (1mol/ 18.02g) = 2.775moles H2O There are 2.78moles in 50.0g H2O 2.78moles x (6.02x1023molecules/1mol) = 1.670 molecules 50.0g H2O There are 1.67 molecules in

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Butane has a molecular formula of C4H10. If I have 50.0 grams of butane, how many moles of natural gas do I have? How many molecules? 50.0g x (1mol/58.12g) = 0.8603 moles There are 0.860 moles in 50.0 grams of butane 0.860moles x (6.02x1023molecules/1mol) = 5.179 x 1023 molecules molecules There are 5.18 x 1023

1. I had the same weight of water and butane in problems 3 and 4. Why didnt the answer come out the same? Explain. Didn't come out the same answer because water and butane don't have the same molecular formulas or the same composition. Water is made out of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom and butane is made out of 4 carbons and 10 hydrogen. So if you were to add them up it wouldn't come out as same molar masses, which means you will get different answers when you divide it by the grams.

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Baking Soda Sand Chalk Sugar Salt