I.

1. kh nm chng ct
Chng ct qu trnh dng tch cu t ca mt hn hop ong
cng nh hn hop kh ong thnh cc cu t rng bt dua vo
bay ho khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn hop( ngha kh o cng
mt nht , p sut ho bo ha ca cc cu t khc nhau)
* cc phong php chng ct:
Phn oa theo p sut m vc:
- p sut thp
- p sut thng
- p sut cao
phn oa theo nguyn m vc:
- chng ct on gn
- chng bng ho nc truc tep
- chng ct
phn oa theo phong php cp nht o y thp:
- cp nht trc tep
- cp nht gn tep
thet b} chng ct:
- thp mm chp
- thp m
- thp mm xuyn
qu trnh chng ct oc ng dung rng r v c ngha quan trong
trong k thut ha hoc. Ty theo tnh cht ca h cu t em chng
ct, tnh khet ca sn phm, hu sut chng ct,. m ta chon
phong php v thet ke thp cho ph hop. V vy vc thet ke thp
chng ct cho ph hop v yu cu sn xut, dp ng yu cu k
thut v quan tm en tnh knh te vn e quan trong.
2. ng cong chng ct
A, kh nm
ng cong bu dn mo quan h ga thnh phn ct thu oc v
nht oc go ng cong chng ct.
B,
M mt oa du th c mt ng cong chng ct rng.kh nghn
cu du, ng ta thng xc }nh ha oa ng cong chng ct sau:
- ng cong chng ct on gn, hay cn go ng cong
chng ct enger, ng cong chng ct ASTM. ng
cong bu dn quan h ga nht s v % th tch kh
chng ct du trong dung cu chun ha mang tn Enger, kh
chng ct khong c tnh uyn, khng c ho u.ng cong
ny dng nh g kh nang s dung ca sn phm du hay
phn oan du.
1
- ng cong chng ct m s thuc ST, ng cong chng
ct nhn oc kh ten hnh chng ct du th trong thet b}
chng c tnh uyn v ho u, c kh nang phn cha tong
ng v so a thuyet n hon 10 v t so h u R
1
= 5. nh c
ho u v tnh uyn m ng cong ny phn nh chnh xc
hon su phn bo tng hop cht v nht s ca chng.
II. ng cong chng ct Enger
Kh cn phn tch nhanh thng o v cc sn phm nhe ca du
mo ng ta ten hnh trn b chng ct tu chun Enger m ng
cong thu oc ng cong chng ct Enger hay ng cong
chng ct ASTM D 86. (Amercan Socety for Testng and Materas)
Cch ten hnh:
Cho 100m mau vo bnh. Ga nht t t( toc ga nht phu thuc
oa sn phm cn chng, thng thng khong 4 en 5m sn phm
trong 1 pht). Kh c got cht ong u tn ro xuong bnh hng th
nht s c T
0
s u
, tep theo o gh a nht ng v 10,
20, 30., 90% th tch. en kh no ct thy ngn trong nht ke t
cuc a tut xuong t ngt th T
0
s cuo
.
2
Trong thet b} chng ct Enger th cht ong ca mau b} un nng
nn bay ho r qua b phn m anh ngng tu ro sau chy
vo ong ong, nh vy y qu trnh chng ct v kh nang phn
cha khng trt .
V du:
Chng ct mt phn oan xang crac-kng xc tc, ta thu oc
cc so u nh sau:
T
0
s u
37C
T
0
s
(10% V) 50
T
0
s
(30%
V)
75
T
0
s
(50% V) 100
T
0
s
(70% V) 120
T
0
s
(90%
V)
188
T
0
s cuo
195
T tc g tr} trn, dung oc o th} phu thuc ga % sn phm
chng ct oc v nht s go ng cong chng ct
Enger.
Nht
0
C
100% sn phm
20 40 60 80
Hnh: ng cong chng ct Enger ca mt phn oan xang crackng xc tc.
M mt oa nhn u, oc ac trng bo thnh phn chng
ct nht }nh. Nhng nhn chung, neu cng xang, hoac cng
kerosen th yu cu ve khong nht s gn nh nhau.
3