Sutter Portner Science 2 11/14/13 PHOTOSYNTHISIS SUMMATIVE PROJECT PROBLEM: How does doubling the amount of carbon dioxide

from .5g of bisodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water to 1g. dissolved in 100mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea? HYPOTHISIS: If carbon dioxide (by doubling baking soda) is increased then, the rate of photosynthesis will increase. THEORY: Photosynthesis is the process when a plant uses its leaves, which have chlorophyll a strong pigment, to capture the energy from the sun and produce food. Plants produce glucose and oxygen from the carbon dioxide and light source entering and leaving through stomata. Photosynthesis takes place in the chlorophyll, which is an organelle located inside the leaf of the plant. Oxygen and glucose (sugars) gets produced from the plant. The glucose is also energy for the plant to survive. Another crucial part of photosynthesis is roots, because the roots soak up water in the soil, and water carries out life functions for the plant and helps it stay strong so the plant can photosynthesize. I believe the rate of photosynthesis will increase by doubling the baking soda, because the plants takes in carbon dioxide and to produce oxygen. If there is more carbon in the vile then the plant will have to photosynthesis even more. Therefore the rate of the photosynthesis will increase if my group doubles the baking soda. PROCEDURE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (BAKING SODA) Measure and cut at an angle elodea 7 to 9 cm. Remove a few leaves from end of stem and slightly crush end of stem. Measure mass in grams and record. Put elodea stem side up in a test tube. Fill test tube with water and baking soda solution (1 gram to 100 mL of water). 6. Put tube in rack and adjust lamp with light 5 cm from top of test tube. 7. Turn on lamp and wait 1 minute. 8. After 1 minute, begin counting small, medium and large bubbles for 3 minutes. Record data. 9. Repeat with .5 grams and 100mL of water. 10. Repeat for Trial 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

DATA/OBSERVATIONS: Trial 1 ___grams soda

Small x 1 CO2 1 gram 1x1=1

Oxygen produced in 3 minutes with .5 and .1g baking

Medium x 2 5x2=10 Large x 3 25x3=75 Total 86

.5 gram

4x1=4

27x2=54

8x3=24

82

Notes: Trial 2 _____grams

Small x 1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram 5x1=5 46x1=46

Oxygen produced in 3 minutes at 5 and 10 cm

Medium x 2 2x2=4 5x2=10 Large x 3 0x3=0 0x3=0 Total 9 56

Averages
Trial 1 Trial 2 Total/2 Average .5g 82 56 138/2 69 1g 86 9 95/2 47.5

2013 AVERAGE DATA IN 3 MINUTES FROM 5 DIFFERENT CLASSES Baking Soda

.5g CLASS PERIOD AVERAGES 1 2 3 4 6 7 TOTAL/5 AVERAGE 1g % Oxygen Decrease/Increase

108 69 33.7 23.7 26.3 3.8 264.5/6 44.1

139 47 26.5 14.3 36.3 72.8 335.9/6 56

22.3% increase 31.8% decrease 44.9% decrease 36.6% decrease 27.5% increase 67.5% increase

Photosynthisis Averages For 7th Grade and Period 2

69 Average Oxygen In Three Minutes 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 7th Grade Period 2 56 44.1 47.5

1g .5g

Conclusion: In this lab we tested the rate of photosynthesis and whether it would increase if we doubled the amount of baking soda. My hypothesis was that if carbon dioxide (baking soda) were doubled, the rate of photosynthesis would increase. Based on data from the Period 2 class, my hypothesis was incorrect. The data showed that at 1g of baking soda, the average rate of photosynthesis was 47.3 and at .5g of baking soda, the average rate was 69, but there was a huge discrepancy in the data based on 7th grade data from all periods. This data showed an increase of photosynthesis if there was more carbon dioxide (baking soda.) Based on the 7th grade data that showed an increase by 21.25%, that meant my hypothesis was correct based on the data, but according to periods 2 data it must have been off. My hypothesis was either correct or incorrect based upon period 2s data and the 7th grade data. To decide on whether my hypothesis was correct or not the averages for all the classes had an increase of bubbles at 1g, and since it was all of the classes this is the most worthy data. Overall, I hypothesized if carbon dioxide (baking soda) were increased then the rate of photosynthesis would increase, my hypothesis was correct.

Analysis: Looking at the 7th data in the lab there were many discrepancy. I realized that classes 2,3,4, and six had the most reliable data because it showed that the ranges of .5g to 1g were not too big, but some increased and some decreased in oxygen. I also saw that 50% of the classes had more bubbles at .5g and 50% had more bubbles at 1g, but the average showed that more oxygen had been produced at 1g. Periods 7 data was a huge outlier that showed at 1g it had a 72.8 average and at .5g it only had a 3.8 average of bubbles, this means period 7s data was the difference that made the average for 1g of baking soda go up. Period 1 also had a huge number of oxygen bubbles. At .5g it had 108 and at 1g it had 139 as an average. If you take out period 7s and period 2s data the average amount of bubbles would be 27.9 at .5g and 25.7 at 1g. When you got rid of period 7s data and period 1s data it makes more sense then before, but it shows my hypothesis was incorrect. All of the discrepancies show this lab was not a control, and the data is unreliable. BIBLIOGRAPHY Coolidge-Stolz M.D., Elizabeth, et al. Focus On Life Science. Boston, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2008. Washington State Department of Ecology. American Waterweed- A Common Native Plant. February 24, 2003. November 2013. <http://www.ecy.wa.gov/Programs/wq/plants/native/elodea.html> Young, Paul. The Botany Coloring Book. Cambridge, New York: Harper and Row, 1982.