Irvin Safavi Science 6 11/14/13

Photosynthesis Summative Report

Problem: How does doubling the amount of carbon dioxide from .5g of bisodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water to 1g. Dissolved in 100mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea? Hypothesis: If one doubles the amount of carbon dioxide with baking soda, then the rate of Photosynthesis will increase. Theory: Photosynthesis is the process in which a plant creates its own food by capturing sunlight. This occurs when the plants organelles, the chloroplasts, captures the suns light, collects carbon dioxide, and creates sugar. The Mitochondria allows the plant to use the energy for food. It flows through the plants phloem so the entire plant can have it. In this process, it creates oxygen, which is vital to animals. In Exchange, animals produce carbon dioxide, which is something plants need. Carbon Dioxide is required for Photosynthesis. For that reason, more Carbon Dioxide for a plant would help it photosynthesize by at least 32% and this is the reason heres why. Photosynthesis requires three things to function for the experiment: water, sunlight and carbon dioxide. Sunlight continuously runs throughout a day. The experiment will be submerged in water, so water is not an issue. Carbon Dioxide will be supplied by the baking soda and in the air. So the plant will never run out of resources. An analogy to this is an All-you-can eat Buffet. You can eat as you please, and will most likely never run out of food. The plant will never run out of its reactants. This is why more Carbon Dioxide would photosynthesize faster.
PROCEDURE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (BAKING SODA) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Measure and cut at an angle elodea 7 to 9 cm. Remove a few leaves from end of stem and slightly crush end of stem. Measure baking soda in .5 grams and 1 gram in two different test tubes. Put elodea stem side up in a test tube. Fill test tube with water and baking soda solution (1 gram to 100 mL of water). Time both test tubes at same time. Put tube in rack and adjust lamp 5 cm from top of test tubes. Turn on lamps and wait 1 minute. After 1 minute, begin counting small, medium and large bubbles for 3 minutes. Record data.

DATA/OBSERVATIONS: Trial 1 ___grams oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with .5 g and 1 g baking soda

Irvin Safavi Science 6 11/14/13

CO2 1 gram

Small x 1 12x1

Medium x 2 3x2

Large x 3 5x3

Total 33

.5 gram Notes:

11x1

2x2

5x3

30

Trial 2 34 grams Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with .5 g and 1 g baking soda CO2 1 gram .5 gram Small x 1 14x1 16x1 Medium x 2 4x2 3x2 Large x 3 5x3 4x3 Total 37 34

Averages for 2 trials

Trials 1 2 Total/2 Ave. .5 grams 30 34 64 32 1 grams 33 37 70 35

Notes: My Hypothesis was right. 2013 AVERAGE DATA IN 3 MINUTES FROM 5 DIFFERENT CLASSES Baking Soda
CLASS PERIOD AVERAGES 1 2 3 4 6 7 TOTAL/5 AVERAGE .5g 1g % Oxygen Decrease/Increase 22.3% increase 31.8% increase 21.6% decrease 39.6% decrease 27.5% increase 94.7% increase 21.2% increase 21.2% increase

108 69 33.7 23.7 26.3 3.8 264.5/6 44.1

139 47 26.5 14.3 36.3 72.8 335.9/6 56

Irvin Safavi Science 6 11/14/13

Rate of Photosynthesis
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 .5 grams 1 gram Rate of Photosynthesis

The Rate of Photosynthesis: Is more CO2 Good or Bad?

60 50 40 32 30 20 10 0 Group Class 7th Grade 56

Amount of Oxygen

44.1 35 26.3 36.3

0.5 grams 1 gram

The Averages

Irvin Safavi Science 6 11/14/13

CONCLUSION: In this lab, we were testing if more Carbon Dioxide is better for a plant than less, by putting 1mL of Baking soda and 0.5mL, respectively. I hypothesized that the more carbon dioxide, the more photosynthesis would occur. The average for 1mL (36.3) was higher than 0.5mL (26.3). The 7th grade average shows only half of the same results as our classs data, but the average showed that it was the same as ours. In conclusion, my hypothesis was correct, but I assumed 1mL would increase by at least 50%, the average showed a 21% increase. This was not even half of 50%. ANALYSIS: Looking at the 2013 data, there were some inconsistencies for amount of carbon dioxide. The largest discrepancy is that only half of the classes got increase, and the rest got a decrease. The First Period had a much higher amount of oxygen than the rest of the class. This may have occurred by the group counting the bubble from the leaves, or possibly the group may have counted bubbles twice. Period 7s data had such a large difference, as 0.5g got only 3.8, and 1g got a whopping 72.8; a difference of 69! This was the main reason the average of 1g was higher than 0.5. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Coolidge-Stolz M.D., Elizabeth, et al. Focus On Life Science. Boston, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2008. "Litebiology: Photosynthesis Lab: Set Up." Litebiology: Photosynthesis Lab: Set Up. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. "Sodium Bicarbonate." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Dec. 2013.