Code No: NR412106 NR

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007

COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) It is said that Numerical experiments in aerodynamics are quite useful and
quicker than wind tunnel experiments. Justify the statement with two exam-
ples. [8]
(b) Explain the term ‘Substantual Derivative’ as applicable in fluid mechanics.
Write down complete Navier-Stokes equations in non-conservation form. Ex-
plain each term. [8]

2. (a) Consider a p.d.e given below:

2 ∂2φ 2
a ∂∂xφ2 + b ∂x∂y + c ∂∂yφ2 + d ∂φ
∂y
+ e ∂φ
∂y
fφ + g = 0
Explain the condition under which this p.d.e. behaves as parabolic equation.
[8]
(b) Prove the following identities:
i. ∆ = E − 1
ii. ∇ = 1 − E −1
where ∆ is forward difference operator
∇ is backward difference operator
E is the shift operator [8]
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3. Consider the p.d.e ∂u
∂t
= a (x) ∂∂xu2 ; where a (x) 6= 0 all x Show that the finite
difference approximation to the above p.d.e., given
n+1 n n n


Um = (1 − 2ra) Um + ra Um+1 + Um−1
k
where r = h2
is the mesh ration and ‘a’ is evaluated at r = mh. [16]

4. Explain the following term associated with computational aerodynamics:

(a) Conditionally Stable Algorithm

(b) Implicit schemes
(c) Descritization error
(d) Local truncation error 4 × 4 = 16

5. Explain all steps for developing flow field over an airfoil using ‘Boundary fitted
Co-ordinates’(Hint: Grid Generation) [16]

6. Develop ‘Transonic Single Perturbation’ equation from full potential equation used
in compressible flows. [16]

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7. Show that fourth order accurate central finite difference formula for ∂∂xu2 , from Taylor
series is as given below;
 2 
∂ u −µi+2,j + 16µi+1,j − 30µi,j + 16µi−1,j − µi−2,j
2
= 2 + 0 (∆x)4
∂x i,j 12 (∆x)

[16]

8. Describe in brief the following:

(a) MacCormack Scheme for Subsonic-Supersonic nozzle flow.

(b) Shock Capturing Technique [16]

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