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B TI LIU HNG DN
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
MC LC
MC CH V HNG DN S DNG TI LIU.......................................................7
CH GII THUT NG CHI TIT.................................................................................8
Cy vn ....................................................................................................................8
Cy mc tiu..................................................................................................................9
Chm im u tin......................................................................................................10
Chi cam kt....................................................................................................................11
Ch tiu k hoch.........................................................................................................12
Ch tiu thng k.........................................................................................................13
Ch s theo di, nh gi.............................................................................................14
xut mi..................................................................................................................16
Gii php thc hin k hoch........................................................................................17
Gii php cn ngun lc............................................................................................19
Gii php khng cn ngun lc..................................................................................20
Kh khn .....................................................................................................................20
Khung K hoch.........................................................................................................22
Khung theo di nh gi..............................................................................................22
Mt cha lm c....................................................................................................23
Mt lm c................................................................................................................24
Mc tiu......................................................................................................................26
Nm bo co..............................................................................................................27
Nm k hoch................................................................................................................28
Nguyn nhn...............................................................................................................28
So snh cp i .........................................................................................................30
Thun li....................................................................................................................31
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
MC CH V HNG DN
S DNG TI LIU
Tp Bn ca B ti liu hng dn lp k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi hng
nm cp x c bin son nhm gii thiu v lm r cc khi nim, thut ng ch
yu s dng trong cng tc lp k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi hng nm cp x
c cp trong cc tp ti liu trc. Mc ch ca ti liu ny gip cc
cn b tham gia hng dn cng tc lp k hoch thng nht v cch hiu v vn
dng nhng thut ng ny trong thc t. V th, n c din gii mt cch d
hiu, km theo cc v d minh ha (khi cn thit). Cun Ch gii cc thut ng
chnh ny khng thay th cho cc nh ngha mang tnh chnh thng, thun ty khoa
hc trong cc cun t in hay sch gio khoa v qun l.
Cc thut ng c chn lc ch gii y l nhng thut ng thng xuyn
c s dng trong qu trnh lp k hoch, c sp xp theo th t trong bng
ch ci a, b, c. Mi thut ng c trnh by theo trnh t (1) Tn thut ng; (2) Gii
ngha thut ng; (3) Mc ch s dng; (4) Hon cnh p dng; v (5 Cc v d
minh ha.
Trong qu trnh s dng, nu cn nhng thut ng khc cn c tip tc gii
ngha, ngi s dng c th gi cc yu cu, kin ngh v ban bin tp chng
ti c iu kin b sung, chnh l nhm phc v tt nht cho nhu cu s dng ti
liu ca qu v.
Mi kin gp xin gi v theo a ch:
V KINH T A PHNG V LNH TH
B K hoch v u t
S 6 Hong Diu, qun Ba nh, H Ni
in thoi:
Fax:
5
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
Thiu nc
ti
Nng nng
nhiu
H thng
thu li
xung cp
H cha
cha c
xy dng
Ngi dn
thiu kin
thc
Nng lc cn
b khuyn
nng hn ch
S dng ging
la c
Ngi dn
ngi thay
ging mi
X cha c k
hoch trin
khai ging mi
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
CY MC TIU
Cy m
c tiu l g?
L cng c phn tch (di dng s hnh cy) cho php ngi tham gia xc
nh v sp xp nhng mc tiu cn t n trong pht trin kinh t x hi a
phng theo cc cp, bt u t cp a ra c nhng kt qu trc tip nht v
l iu kin cn thit t c nhng cp mc tiu cao hn.
Vic phn loi mc tiu c thc hin t di ln, vi cp 1 l u ra (hay cn
gi l kt qu trc tip) tng ng vi cp thp nht trong cy mc tiu, cp cao
hn gn nht l mc tiu trung gian v cp trn cng l mc tiu cui cng (mc
tiu tng qut).
c dng lm g?
Nu cy vn cho bit mi quan h nhn qu gia cc vn th cy mc
tiu cho bit mi quan h phng tin mc ch gia cc mc tiu. Vic xy dng
cy mc tiu c tc dng:
- Gip nh KH nhn thy r mi quan h gia cc cp mc tiu, m mi cp
mc tiu s tr thnh mc tiu ca k hoch.
- Thy c mi lin h gia k hoch ca x (ban ngnh) mnh vi cc x
(ban ngnh) khc trong qu trnh cng hng ti mt mc tiu chung lm c s
t chc phi hp hnh ng gia cc x (ban ngnh).
- L u vo trc tip xy dng cc cp mc tiu trong KHPT KTXH.
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
CY MC TIU
Tng
nng sut la
m bo
nc ti cho
cy la
Gi nh:
thi tit
thun li
Nng cp
h thng
thy li
Kim sot c
tnh hnh su
bnh cy la
B tr vn
xy h
cha nc
M lp tp
hun cho
ngi dn
C cn b
khuyn nng i
tp hun
S dng ging
la mi nng
sut cao
Tng cng
tuyn truyn
ngi dn
X c k hoch
c th trin
khai ging la
CHM IM U TIN
Chm i m u tin l g?
Chm im u tin l cng c dng xp hng u tin cc gii php bng
cch chm im tng gii php.
c dng lm g?
Trong qu trnh lp KHPT KTXH cp x, cng c chm im u tin thng
c s dng la chn cc gii php cn thit nht hoc kh thi nht nhm
thc hin cc mc tiu pht trin.
c dng khi no?
Thng thng, cng c ny c s dng trong tho lun nhm (nht l khi
tho lun Hi ngh lp k hoch x) la chn cc gii php thit thc nht cho
tng vn theo nhm lnh vc (kinh t, vn ha x hi) m bo tnh kh thi.
V d
minh ha
t c mc tiu tng nng sut la, c 3 gii php c nhm tho lun
xut l (1) nng cp h thng thy li, (2) b tr vn xy h cha nc, (3)
tp hun cho ngi dn kim sot tnh hnh su bnh.
Nhm tho lun c 10 ngi, mi ngi c pht 3 ht lc (tng ng 3
phiu) chm im v xp hng u tin cho 3 gii php trn. Kt qu chm
9
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
CHI CAM KT
Chi cam kt l g?
L cc khon chi ] th\c hi\n y cc chnh sch, ch| \, quy|t i\nh cu]a
c|p c th]m quy}n c hi\u l\c thc hin trong nm X+1.
c dng lm g?
- Gip phn bit vi chi xut mi.
- y l nhng thng tin rt quan trng Hi ngh lp k hoch xa tho lun
khi xem xt u tin. Trong vic phn b kinh ph trc ht cn gn vi nhng chnh
sch/hot ng cam kt, trnh u t dn tri.
- Xc nh trch nhim gii trnh ca ngi ra quyt nh chnh sch/hot ng,
trnh tnh trng ra quyt nh khng da trn c s ngun lc ti chnh vng chc.
c dng khi no?
Trong Bc 3: Hi ngh lp KHPT KTXH x (khi cc bn tham gia tho lun v sp
xp th t u tin cc gii php), Bc 4: D tho KHPT KTXH x v Bc 5: Trnh
v tho lun KHPT KTXH vi ng y, Thng trc HND x v UBND huyn.
V d
minh ha
Con ng t mt lng ng dn c ti trng tiu hc ca x trong ma ma
lun trong tnh trng b ly li, ch tch UBND huyn k quyt nh u t
nhng Phng Ti chnh - K hoch vn cha cp vn xy dng trong nm bo
co. Nm k hoch x tip tc ngh huyn cp vn xy dng con ng ny v
c xp vo danh mc chi cam kt.
10
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
CH TIU K HOCH
Ch
tiu k hoch l g?
L hnh thc biu hin c th bng con s (lng ha) mc tiu mun t c
vo cui nm k hoch. Mt ch tiu k hoch tt phi m bo 5 ni dung: (1) tn
ch tiu (phn li); (2) gi tr ca ch tiu (phn s); (3) i tng phn nh; (4)
khng gian phn nh; v (5) thi gian cn t n.
Cn phn bit gia ch tiu k hoch v mc tiu k hoch. (Xem thut ng
Mc tiu KH)
Cn phn bit gia ch tiu k hoch v ch tiu thng k. (Xem thut ng Ch
tiu thng k)
c dng lm g?
Ch tiu k hoch l phn khng th thiu trong mi bn k hoch, nhm ch r
ci ch bng con s m x cn phn u t c sau khi kt thc nm k hoch.
Nu khng c ch tiu KH th khng c mc theo di, n c qu trnh thc hin
k hoch cng nh nh gi mc t c k hoch cui nm.
c dng khi no?
c xc nh khi tho lun v cc ch tiu quan trng nht ca x ti Bc 3:
Hi ngh lp k hoch x v d tho ni dung bn k hoch ti Bc 4: D tho
bn KHPT KTXH x.
Nguyn tc chung khi xy dng ch tiu KH l da trn mc t c trong
nm bo co v nhn nh v kh nng tng, gim trong nm k hoch cn c vo
kt qu d bo thun li, kh khn trong nm k hoch v nh hng ca huyn.
Cc ch tiu k hoch nh hng s do nhm lp k hoch x xy dng. Cc
ch tiu theo ngnh, lnh vc c th do cc cn b ph trch lnh vc tnh ton,
xut v UBND x quyt nh. Cc ch tiu k hoch theo c th ca x do UBND
x (hoc y quyn cho mt bn lin quan no ) xy dng.
11
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d
minh ha
Nu lnh vc cn lp k hoch l trng trt th:
V d v cch nu
ch tiu k hoch
L do
V d
tt:
V d
cha tt:
Sn lng ng c x t
40 tn
V d
cha tt:
Khng r a im duy tu u
(thiu thng tin v khng gian)
CH TIU THNG K
Ch
tiu thng k l g?
L du hiu ch ra s thay i v mc kt qu t c trong thc t ca cc
lnh vc KTXH trn a bn x.
Cn phn bit gia ch tiu k hoch v ch tiu thng k. (Xem thm thut ng
Ch tiu KH).
- Ch tiu KH ch tp trung c th ha cc mc tiu trng im ca x (ch tiu
nh hng) hoc tng lnh vc (ch tiu theo ngnh) trong nm k hoch, cn ch
tiu thng k a dng, y hn, phn nh ton din bc tranh pht trin KTXH
ca x.
- Mc ch chnh ca ch tiu k hoch l lng ha cc mc tiu cn t
c, cn ch tiu thng k theo di, nh gi.
- Phng php tnh ton cc ch tiu k hoch ch yu l phng php d
bo, cn phng php tnh ton cc ch tiu thng k li tun th cc quy nh
chuyn mn ca ngnh thng k.
- Gi tr ca ch tiu k hoch l gi tr tng lai, c d kin ngay t khi lp
KH. Trong khi , gi tr ca ch tiu thng k l gi tr qu kh, ch thu thp nh k
sau khi s vic din ra.
12
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d
minh ha
Xem danh mc cc ch tiu thng k cp x trong H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia.
CH S THEO DI, NH GI
Ch
s theo di, nh gi l g?
L thc o th hin tin v kt qu thc hin KHPT KTXH hng nm ca
x. Cc ch s ny c xy dng tng ng vi cc cp mc tiu (mc tiu nh
hng, mc tiu theo ngnh/lnh vc, mc tiu c th) v hot ng/gii php KH
c th ca bn k hoch.
Mt ch s theo di, nh gi tt phi m bo tiu chun SMART, tc l ch s
phi C th (S Specific), o lng c (M Measurable), Tha ng (A Adequate),
Ph hp (R Relevant) v Quy nh c th v thi gian thu thp (T Timebound).
Lu : Ch s theo di, nh gi ch l tn thc o. Ch s ny khng c gi tr
ti thi im lp k hoch. Cc gi tr c th ca ch s ch c c khi ta thu thp
thng tin theo nh k quy nh.
Mt ch tiu k hoch c th theo di bng mt hoc nhiu ch s.
c dng lm g?
Chun b y v kp thi cc thng tin c lin quan n qu trnh thc hin k hoch:
- Gip UBND x pht hin nhng yu km, vng mc trong qu trnh thc
hin k hoch, nh c th a ra cc quyt nh qun l kp thi m bo
thc hin c k hoch ra.
- Gip HND x, cc t chc chnh tr x hi, ngi dn v cc bn lin quan
khc gim st vic thc hin cc cam kt ca chnh quyn x.
- Gp phn nng cao tnh trch nhim, minh bch v dn ch trong qu trnh
iu hnh thc hin KHPT KTXH x.
thun tin, ngi ta thng tranh th s dng ti a cc ch tiu thng k
lm ch s theo di, nh gi. Tuy nhin, ty theo c im tnh hnh ca tng x
m x phi ch ng xy dng thm cc ch s theo di, nh gi cho ph hp,
bi gia ch tiu thng k v ch s theo di, nh gi c nhng khc bit nht nh
(xem thm thut ng ch tiu thng k):
- H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia quy nh tt c cc ch s m cc cp phi
thu thp (trong c cp x) nn n c tnh thng nht trong ton quc. Trong khi
14
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
L do
V d
tt:
V d
cha
tt:
V d
cha
tt:
S km knh mng
c duy tu sa cha
trong nm
Ch s khng phn nh ng mc
tiu: Mc tiu v sn lng nhng
ch s li v knh mng c tu
sa.
15
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
XUT MI
xut mi l g?
La} cc khon chi ] thc hin cc chnh sch v hot ng ma} UBND x xut
nhng cha \c cc c|p co| th]m quy}n quy|t i\nh.
c dng lm g?
- Gip phn bit vi chi cam kt.
- Gip cho chnh quyn cp x thy c tnh kh thi ca cc chnh sch, hot
ng mi m UBND x xut.
- y l nhng thng tin rt quan trng Hi nghi\ lp k hoch xa tho lun
a ra cc danh mc d n/hot ng u tin gn vi ngun lc ti chnh, trnh
tnh trng chnh sch, ch a ra nhng khng c ngun bo m.
c dng khi no?
Trong Bc 3: Hi ngh lp KHPT KTXH x (khi cc bn tham gia tho lun v
sp xp th t u tin cc gii php), Bc 4: D tho KHPT KTXH x v Bc 5:
Trnh v tho lun KHP TKTXH vi ng y, Thng trc HND x v UBND
huyn.
V d
minh ha
Con ng t mt lng ng dn c ti trng tiu hc ca x trong ma ma
lun trong tnh trng ly li, UBND x ngh UBND huyn cp vn xy
dng ng t hai nm trc nhng vn cha c ph duyt. Nm k hoch x
tip tc ngh huyn cp vn xy dng con ng ny v c xp vo danh
mc xut mi.
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
17
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d v cch nu Gii
php thc hin k hoch
L do
V d
tt:
Ch ng k hp ng vi
cng ty X chuyn cung cp
ging a ging v ng
thi v
Ph hp vi nguyn nhn
c xc nh
V d
cha
tt:
Cp ging la ng thi v
V d
cha
tt:
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d
minh ha
Hi Ph n x nm bo co c UBND x chi 10 triu ng cho cc hot
ng tuyn truyn sinh c k hoch. Qua nh gi kt qu hot ng, Hi ph
n pht hin ra nguyn nhn cn c nhiu gia nh sinh con th 3 l do thiu hiu
bit trong vic s dng cc dng c phng trnh thai. Trong nm k hoch, Hi
ngh trm y t x t chc hng dn s dng cc cng c ny cho nhng ngi
trong tui sinh lm pht sinh thm kinh ph l 3 triu ng. y l gii php
cn ngun lc ti chnh v c pht sinh tng thm kinh ph so vi nm bo co l 3
triu ng.
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
KH KHN
Kh khn l g?
L nhng yu t c th xy ra trong nm k hoch c nh hng tiu cc n
s pht trin ca ngnh/ lnh vc hoc n v.
c dng lm g?
Gip ngi lp k hoch c ci nhn nh hng tng lai cho nm ti (nm k
hoch), lng trc c nhng kh khn c th xy ra ch ng c gii php
i ph.
Khi xc nh kh khn, ngi lp k hoch phi tr li cu hi: Trong nm
ti, liu ngnh/ lnh vc do mnh ph trch c th phi ng u vi nhng yu
t khng thun li no?. tr li cu hi , ngi lp k hoch phi xem xt
kh nng thay i cc yu t t nhin (kh hu thi tit), chnh sch (s thay i
trong chnh sch ca chnh quyn cc cp) v ngun lc (ti chnh, con ngi,
cc iu kin lm vic v.v)
Trong trng hp c rt nhiu kh khn th ngi lp k hoch cn chn ra 3
kh khn ni bt nht nu. iu ny gip ngi lp k hoch phi bit chn lc
v sp xp u tin cc thng tin, ng thi to iu kin thun li hn cho ngi
tng hp thng tin.
c dng khi no?
c s dng trong qu trnh thu thp thng tin ti Bc 1 ( in vo mc
I.1 trong cc mu 1.X) v Bc 4: D tho KHPT KTXH x ( a vo ni dung
k hoch d tho).
Lu : Kh khn ch dng d kin yu t xy ra trong nm k hoch, khng
nn nhm ln vi mt cha lm c l thut ng phn nh nhng vng mc m
ngnh/ lnh vc/ n v tri qua trong nm bo co.
(Xem thm thut ng Mt cha lm c)
20
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d
minh ha
V d v cch nu
Kh khn
L do
V d
tt:
p lc ln cc n lc xa
i gim ngho ca x
do ban hnh cc chun
ngho mi
V d
cha
tt:
Trnh dn tr cn thp
V d
cha
tt:
Nhm vi Mt cha lm c.
Ni dung ny ni v nm bo co,
nn phi nu trong mc I.2.
KHUNG K HOCH
Khung K hoch l g?
L cng c tm tt cc ni dung chnh ca bn KHPT KTXH x di dng biu
bng theo nh dng thng nht.
c dng lm g?
- Gip ngi c c th nm bt c nhng ni dung c bn nht ca bn
k hoch m khng cn mt nhiu thi gian c ton vn bn k hoch.
- To thun li cho qu trnh tho lun ni dung bn k hoch gia x v
huyn, trong k hp HDND x cui nm ph duyt bn k hoch.
- To thun li cho vic tng hp k hoch x theo ngnh cp huyn.
c dng khi no?
Khung K hoch c xy dng ti Bc 4: D tho bn KHPT KTXH x (khi
nhm lp k hoch x tm tt ni dung d tho vo khung k hoch), Bc 5: Trnh
v tho lun KHPT KTXH x vi huyn (khi UBND x gi khung k hoch x ln
huyn tho lun v tng hp).
V d
minh ha
Xem mu Khung K hoch phn III: H thng biu mu KHPT KTXH x, mc
B: cng ni dung bn k hoch x trong cun S tay lp KHPT KTXH hng
nm cp x (tp I ca B Ti liu hng dn lp KHPT KTXH hng nm cp x).
21
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
KHUNG THEO DI NH GI
Khung theo di, nh gi l g?
L cng c tm tt cc ch tiu k hoch ca bn k hoch x v cc ch s
theo di, nh gi i km. Cc ch s trong Khung theo di, nh gi c chia
thnh 3 nhm, tng ng vi 3 nhm ch tiu k hoch (ch tiu k hoch nh
hng, ch tiu k hoch theo ngnh/ lnh vc v ch tiu k hoch c th ca x).
Ngoi ra, khung theo di, nh gi cn ch r ngun thu thp thng tin (tr li cu
hi: Thng tin ly t u?), tn sut thu thp (tr li cu hi: Khi no cn thu thp
thng tin?) v ngi chu trch nhim thu thp (tr li cu hi: Ai phi cung cp
thng tin?).
c dng lm g?
Khung theo di, nh gi to iu kin cc bn lin quan nm c nhim
v ca mnh trong vic thu thp thng tin, t ch ng ln k hoch trin khai
vic thu thp v bo co thng tin theo ng nh k. Nh , vic thu thp thng
tin theo di, nh gi ca x i vo n np, to nn tng quan trng cho vic t chc
theo di, nh gi trong nm k hoch.
c dng khi no?
Khung TDG c xy dng ti Bc 4: D tho bn KHPT KTXH x (khi nhm
lp k hoch x tm tt k hoch theo di, nh gi vo khung theo di, nh gi).
V d
minh ha
Xem mu Khung theo di, nh gi phn III: H thng biu mu KHPT KTXH x,
mc B: cng ni dung bn k hoch x trong cun S tay lp KHPT KTXH hng
nm cp x (tp I ca B Ti liu hng dn lp KHPT KTXH hng nm cp x).
MT CHA LM C
Mt cha lm c l g?
L nhng hn ch, tn ti biu hin ra bn ngoi, c th quan st c, m n
v gp phi trong nm bo co.
22
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
c dng lm g?
Vic nu r mt cha lm c nhm gip cn b lp k hoch ch ra c
nhng vng mc, tn ti gy bc xc nht trong lnh vc do mnh ph trch.
Lu khi xc nh mt cha lm c, ngi lp k hoch ch nu di dng
biu hin quan st thy ca vn (tc l tr li cu hi: trong k bo co,
ngnh/lnh vc/ n v do mnh ph trch cha lm c iu g nh t ra?),
ch khng tm hiu nguyn nhn ca vn (tc l khng tm cch tr li cu
hi: v sao li cha lm c?. Cu hi th hai ny c tr li khi xc nh
nguyn nhn.
(Xem thm thut ng Nguyn nhn)
Trong trng hp c rt nhiu mt cha lm c th ngi lp k hoch cn
chn ra 3 mt cha lm c ni bt nht nu. iu ny gip ngi lp k
hoch phi bit chn lc v sp xp u tin thng tin, ng thi to thun li cho
ngi tng hp thng tin.
c dng khi no?
c s dng trong qu trnh thu thp thng tin ti Bc 1 ( in vo mc
I.1 trong cc mu 1.X) v Bc 4: D tho KHPT KTXH x ( a vo ni dung
bn k hoch d tho).
Lu : Mt cha lm c ch dng nh gi kt qu trong nm bo co,
khng nn nhm ln vi kh khn l thut ng phn nh nhng thch thc m
ngnh/ lnh vc/ n v c th phi ng u trong nm k hoch.
(Xem thm thut ng Kh khn)
V d
minh ha
Nu lnh vc cn cung cp thng tin l trng trt th:
23
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d v cch nu Mt
cha lm c
L do
V d
tt:
Nu c mt hn ch ln trong
lnh vc trng trt nm bo co ca
x.
V d
cha
tt:
i sng ngi dn cn
ngho
V d
cha
tt:
Ging la mi c cung
cp mun so vi thi v
gieo trng
V d
cha
tt:
Nhm vi Kh khn: nu l d
kin trong nm k hoch th phi
nu trong mc II.2 ca Mu 1.X
MT LM C
Mt lm c l g?
L nhng kt qu r nt nht m ngnh/ lnh vc/ n v) thc hin c
trong nm bo co. Nhng kt qu ny cn c nu di dng cc nhn nh
chung, khi qut v nhng cng vic c th m x lm c ch khng nn ch
nu kt qu t c bng con s.
c dng lm g?
Vic nu r nhng mt lm c ch yu nhm gip ngi lm k hoch khng
b sa vo lit k thnh tch hay bo co con s, m phi rt ra c nhng nhn
xt, nh gi khi qut v tnh hnh thc t ca ngnh/ lnh vc/ n v.
Trong trng hp c rt nhiu mt lm c th ngi lp k hoch cn chn
ra 3 mt lm c ni bt nht nu. iu ny gip ngi lp k hoch phi bit
chn lc v sp xp u tin cc thng tin, ng thi to thun li cho ngi tng
hp thng tin.
c dng khi no?
c s dng trong qu trnh thu thp thng tin ti Bc 1 ( in vo mc
24
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
L do
V d
tt:
sa cha, no vt c
bn h thng mng
trn a bn x
V d
cha
tt:
c s quan tm ca
ng v Nh nc
V d
cha
tt:
S tip tc c hng
li t cc d n ca nh
ti tr
Nhm vi Thun li v cu ny ni
v tim nng trong k KH. Do ,
n cn c nu mc II.1 trong
mu 1.X.
MC TIU
M
c tiu l g?
Mc tiu th hin trng thi m ngnh/ lnh vc hoc n v mun c vo cui
nm k hoch.
Mc tiu k hoch thng bao gm hai ni dung chnh: (1) mt ng t ch xu hng
mun phn u (tng, gim, m rng, thu hp, ci thin, hn ch) v (2) mt danh t
ch i tng mun can thip (sn lng lng thc quy thc, tnh trng ngho).
c dng lm g?
L nh hng chung cc hot ng ca ngnh/ lnh vc hoc n v trong nm KH.
25
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d
tt:
V d
cha
tt:
L do
m bo 2 ni dung: ng t
(nng cao) v danh t ch i tng
(thu nhp t trng la).
26
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
NM BO CO
Nm bo co l g?
Nm hin ti, k hiu l nm X, l nm ang trin khai cc hot ng trong qui
trnh 7 bc lp KHPT KTXH hng nm cp x c gii thiu trong B ti liu
hng dn ny.
c dng lm g?
Cho bit khong thi gian thng nht nh gi thc trng cc hot ng v
nhim v k hoch thc hin.
Lu : 5 bc u tin ca quy trnh lp k hoch c trin khai trong thi gian
t thng 4 n thng 7 nm bo co. Ti thi im ny cha c thng tin nh gi
tnh hnh thc hin k hoch c nm nn cc bn lin quan cp x ch tin hnh
nh gi tnh hnh thc hin k hoch 6 thng u nm v c thc hin c nm
bo co.
n cui nm khi thc hin bc 6 v 7 ca quy trnh, cc thng tin c cp
nht th cc bn lin quan cp x s chnh sa thnh nh gi tnh hnh thc hin k
hoch c nm bo co.
c dng khi no?
Xc nh xuyn sut cc bc ca quy trnh lp KHPT KTXH hng nm cp x.
V d minh ha
Nu bt u t thng 4 nm 2010, x khi ng qu trnh lp k hoch cho
nm 2011 th nm 2010 l nm bo co.
NM K HOCH
Nm k hoch l g?
L i tng v thi gian m x ang lp k hoch. Trong lp k hoch hng
nm, nm k hoch l nm tip theo, tnh t thi im x lp k hoch. Nm k
hoch c k hiu l nm X+1.
27
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
c dng lm g?
Cho bit khong thi gian thng nht t chc cc hot ng/ gii php thc
hin KH ca x v d ton kinh ph cho cc gii php .
c dng khi no?
Xc nh xuyn sut cc bc ca quy trnh lp KHPT KTXH hng nm cp x.
V d
minh ha
Nu bt u t thng 4 nm 2010, x khi ng qu trnh lp k hoch cho
nm 2011 th nm 2011 l nm KH.
NGUYN NHN
Nguyn nhn l g?
L nhng l do su xa gy ra nhng mt cha lm c xc nh. Nguyn
nhn tr li cho cu hi: V sao c nhng mt m x cha lm c?. Nguyn
nhn c xc nh qua qu trnh tho lun nhm xy dng cy vn .
c dng lm g?
tm ra nhng vn c tnh cht cn nguyn, gc r m nu gii quyt c
n th s khc phc c nhng mt cha lm c. Xc nh nguyn nhn chnh
l ra cc gii php c th, kh thi thc hin mc tiu k hoch. Nguyn
nhn nu cng c th th gii php a ra cng r rng, chi tit.
Lu : Khi xy dng cy vn , ngi lp k hoch c th lin tc t cu hi
V sao m rng cy vn , cho n khi tm ra nhng nguyn nhn su xa,
gc r v c th chuyn ha thnh cc gii php c th th mi dng li.
(Xem thm thut ng Cy vn v Gii php thc hin k hoch).
c dng khi no?
Trong cc t tho lun nhm xy dng cy vn ti Bc 1: Thu thp
thng tin (khi cc ban, ngnh, on th x v thn tho lun in vo mc I.3
cc Mu 1.X v Mu 1.2.THN); Bc 3: Hi ngh lp k hoch x (khi cc nhm
i biu tham d Hi ngh tho lun theo cc ch ); Bc 5: Tham vn cng
28
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d
tt:
V d
cha tt:
V d
cha tt:
V d v cch nu
Nguyn nhn
Ging la mi c
cung cp mun so
vi thi v gieo trng
L do
L nguyn nhn su xa dn n nng sut la
t thp.
Gi thc h
Ci to h thng
knh mng
SO SNH CP I
So snh cp i l g?
L cng c so snh theo cp vn xc nh vn no cn c u tin
gii quyt.
c dng lm g?
Trong qu trnh lp KHPT KTXH cp x, cng c so snh cp i c s dng
la chn cc vn KTXH trng tm cn i su phn tch v tm ra gii php
trong iu kin ngun lc hn hp.
c dng khi no?
Cng c so snh cp i thng c s dng khi bt u tho lun nhm (khi
hp thn thu thp thng tin ti Bc 1 hoc khi tho lun Hi ngh lp k hoch
x ti bc 3) la chn mt s vn cn u tin gii quyt cho tng nhm lnh
29
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
Giao thng
Nghin ht
Thiu nc m au cn
Vn
nng thn
nhiu trong
ti
nhiu
km
thanh nin
Giao thng nng
Thiu nc
GTNT
GTNT
thn km
ti
Thiu nc Thiu nc
Thiu nc ti
ti
ti
m au cn
Nghin ht
nhiu
Nghin ht nhiu
trong thanh nin
Tr em tht hc
nhiu
Tr em tht
hc nhiu
GTNT
Thiu nc
ti
Tr em tht
hc
Nghin ht
Cng im
Xp ha\ng u tin
30
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
THUN LI
Thun li l g?
L nhng yu t c th xy ra trong nm k hoch c nh hng tch cc
n s pht trin ca ngnh/ lnh vc hoc n v do ngi k khai ph trch.
c dng lm g?
Gip ngi lp k hoch c ci nhn nh hng tng lai cho nm ti (nm KH),
lng trc c nhng c hi c th xy ra ch ng c gii php nm bt,
tranh th.
Khi xc nh thun li, ngi lp k hoch phi tr li cu hi: Trong nm ti,
liu ngnh/ lnh vc do mnh ph trch c th tranh th c nhng yu t thun li
no?. tr li cu hi , ngi lp k hoch xem xt kh nng thay i cc yu
t t nhin (kh hu thi tit), chnh sch (s thay i trong chnh sch ca chnh
quyn cc cp) v ngun lc (ti chnh, con ngi, cc iu kin lm vic v.v).
Trong trng hp c rt nhiu thun li th ngi lp k hoch cn chn ra 3
thun li ni bt nht nu. iu ny gip ngi lp k hoch phi bit chn lc
v sp xp u tin cc thng tin, ng thi to iu kin thun li hn cho ngi tng
hp thng tin.
c dng khi no?
c s dng trong qu trnh thu thp thng tin ti Bc 1 ( in vo mc
I.1 trong cc mu 1.X) v Bc 4: D tho KHPT KTXH x ( a vo ni dung
KH d tho).
Lu : Thun li ch dng d kin yu t xy ra trong nm k hoch, khng
nn nhm ln vi mt lm c l thut ng phn nh nhng kt qu m ngnh/
lnh vc/ n v tri qua trong nm bo co.
(Xem thm thut ng Mt lm c)
31
tP 4: cH GII CC THUT NG
V d
minh ha
V d v cch nu Thun
li
L do
V d
tt:
Nu bt c mt c hi mi c tnh
cht c th ca nm k hoch, trong
c d kin c c ngun u t
t ngn sch
V d
cha tt:
c s quan tm ca tnh v
huyn
V d
cha tt:
Nhm vi Mt lm c. Ni dung
ny ni v nm bo co, nn phi nu
trong mc I.1.
32