Assignment 2

1. Solve all problems in the lecture note. 2. Prove that G = a a : a, b R and a + b = 0 is a semigroup with respect to b b matrix multiplication but not a monoid with respect to matrix multiplication.

3. Let G = Z Z and (a, b) (c, d) = (a + c, a + d). Prove that (G, ) is a semigroup but not a monoid. 4. Examine whether dened on the set G is a group or not. (a) G = Q, a b = 2a + b. (b) G = R+ \{0},( denotes the set of positive real numbers x > 0), with usual multiplication as the binary operation. (c) G = R2 , the Cartesian plane with vector addition (x1 , x2 ) + (y1 , y2 ) = (x1 + y1 , x2 + y2 ) as the binary operation. (d) G = R\{1}, a b = a + b ab, where a, b R\{1}. (e) Let G = Z Z and (a, b) (c, d) = (ac, ad). 5. Let X be a nonempty set and P(X ) be the power set of X . Examine if P(X ) is a group under the composition dened (a) A B = A B , A, B P(X ) (b) A B = A B , A, B P(X ) (c) A B = (A B ) (B A), A, B P(X ) 6. (a) Let G = {(a, b) Q Q : b = 0} and (a, b) (c, d) = (ad + bc, bd) for all (a, b), (c, d) G. Prove that (G, ) is a commutative group. (b) Let G = {(a, b) Q Q : a = 0} and (a, b) (c, d) = (ac, ad + b) for all (a, b), (c, d) G. Prove that (G, ) is a noncommutative group. 7. Prove that the set G forms a commutative group with respect to matrix multiplication (a) G = (b) G = a b b a a b 2b a : a, b R and a2 + b2 = 1 . : a, b Q and (a, b) = (0, 0) .

Course Code: MAT 101

Semester I - Page 2 of 2

Date: 23/10/2013

8. Let n N. Show that nZ = {x Z | x = nk for some k Z} is a subgroup of Z with respect to usual addition. 9. Prove that the set G forms a group with respect to matrix multiplication G= Let H = a b 0 d : a, b, d R and ad = 0 . 1 b 0 1 : b R . Prove that H is a subgroup of G. : a, b, c, d R is a ring with respect to matrix addition

10. Prove that M2 (R) =

a b c d and matrix multiplication.

11. Let R = Z. Let addition and multiplication be dened by a b = a + b + 1 and a b = a + b + ab where a, b Z. Prove that (Z, , ) is a ring with identity.