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Biology I
Practice Test 3 Booklet

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MS00005957

Biology I
DIRECTIONS Read each question and choose the correct answer. Then mark the space on your answer sheet for the answer you have chosen.

SAMPLE A
Which of the following tools would a biologist MOST likely use to help magnify specimens?
A

Hand lens and ruler B Microscope and hand lens C Camera and computer D Telescope and compass

SAMPLE B
Adult frogs feed on insects. Which type of consumer is the frog?
F

Producer G Carnivore H Herbivore J Parasite

GO ON

Which cell structure does a bacterial cell lack?

A

Ribosome B Cell wall C Lysosome D Cytoskeleton

Cells obtain energy from food by aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Which of the following compounds is produced by anaerobic respiration but not aerobic respiration?
F

Water G Oxygen H Glucose J Lactic acid

Which term refers to the sequence of events that cells go through as they grow and divide?
A

Active transport B Cell cycle C Cellular respiration D Protein synthesis

GO ON

A model of two atoms is shown below.

Atom 1
XX X 8P 8N X XX

Atom 2

X X

8P 8N

Which of the following would result if a covalent bond is formed between the two atoms?
F

Atom 1 would transfer two protons to atom 2. G Atom 2 would transfer four neutrons to atom 1. H Each atom would share two of its electrons with the other atom. J Each atom would share four of its electrons with the other atom.

Which of the following organelles are most common in a plant cell?

A

Centrioles B Flagella C Lysosomes D Plastids

Ferns can grow several feet in height while mosses seldom grow more than a few inches tall. What type of structures do ferns contain that mosses do not contain to account for this difference in height?
F

Cell walls G Chloroplasts H Mitochondria J Vascular tissue

GO ON

The common housey contains 12 chromosomes. An egg cell, a sperm cell, and the resulting zygote from a cross between two houseies are shown in the diagram below.

1 4

2 5 Egg

3 6

1 4

2 5 Sperm

3 6

Fertilization

1 4

2 5 Zygote

3 6

The chromosomal mutation in the zygote can be traced to which of the following?
A

Chromosome B Chromosome C Chromosome D Chromosome

3 6 3 6

in in in in

the the the the

egg cell egg cell sperm cell sperm cell

GO ON

The diagram below shows the gas exchange among different organisms.

Turkey

Sunflower Grasshopper
Which carbon compound is represented by the X?
F

Carbon dioxide, CO2 G Glucose, C6H12O6 H Carbonic acid, H2CO3 J Carbon monoxide, CO

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with discovering the structure of DNA. Which of the following characteristics of DNA did this discovery help explain?
A

Why DNA exists in all living cells B The amount of DNA in a chromosome C How DNA passes on genetic information D The number of base pairs in a DNA molecule

GO ON

10

In South America, Darwin found fossils of extinct armadillos that resembled armadillos living in the area at that time. This provided evidence for Darwin that species change over long periods of time. This was similar to which other scientists idea on how species evolved due to geological changes?
F

Lyell G Malthus H Wallace J Lamarck

11

Which of the following functions is controlled by the cell membrane?

A

Excreting waste B Replicating DNA C Producing energy

D

Assembling proteins

12

A chart listing the characteristics of four molecules is shown below. Molecule 1 2 3 4 Function Stores energy Forms structure of cell membrane Carries genetic information Builds muscles Monomer Monosaccharides Fatty acids Nucleotides Amino acids

Which molecule listed in the chart is a protein?

F

1 G 2 H 3 J 4

GO ON

13

Researchers conducted a seven-year study of a rabbit population and its predators in an ecosystem. During the rst two-and-a-half years of the study, the rabbit population rose steadily then declined to the lowest level in the fourth year. The rabbit population rose again during the last three years of the study. Which of the following graphs shows how the population of rabbit predators would be expected to change during the same period in the ecosystem?

Number of Predators

40 30 20 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Number of Predators

Predator Population

Predator Population
40 30 20 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Year Number of Predators Number of Predators

B

Year
D

Predator Population

Predator Population
40 30 20 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

40 30 20 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Year

Year

GO ON

14

The pedigree below shows the transmission of a disorder within a family.

3 Non-affected female Carrier female Affected female Non-affected male Affected male

Which statement describes the offspring that would result if individual 1 has children with a woman that does not carry the allele for this disorder?
F

None of the daughters will inherit the allele for the disorder. G All of the sons will inherit the allele for the disorder. H All of the daughters will be affected by the disorder. J None of the sons will be affected by the disorder.

15

Which diagram correctly models the process of protein synthesis?

A

Replication DNA RNA Transcription DNA RNA Translation DNA RNA Transcription DNA RNA

Transcription Protein Translation Protein Transcription Protein Replication Protein

GO ON

16

A student is studying the inheritance of human blood types. Types A and B are codominant and O is recessive to both. If a woman with blood type A and a man with blood type B would have children, what would be the largest expected percentage for offspring with blood type O?
F

0% G 25% H 50% J 100%

17

Gardeners and farmers are sometimes concerned about soil being too acidic for some plants and not acidic enough for others. Which pH reading could be found in a soil that is slightly acidic?
A

3.3 B 5.8 C 7.1 D 9.0

18

Which biome contains plants that are adapted to areas that have infertile soils and receive constant amounts of precipitation?
F

Tropical rainforest G Deciduous forest H Savanna J Taiga

10

GO ON

19

The diagram below shows one process of cellular reproduction. 2n

2n

2n

During this process, what occurs in the chromosomes of the cells?

A

They B They C They D They

are are are are

duplicated, but the information they store remains the same. duplicated, but the information is passed to only one cell. duplicated and tripled in number. duplicated and halved in number.

20

Colorblindness in humans is a mutation carried on the X chromosome. A man and woman with normal vision have a colorblind son. What are the chances their next child will be a colorblind daughter?
F

100% G 75% H 50% J 0%

11

GO ON

21

Which adaptive feature is expected to be found in plants native to a tropical rainforest biome?
A

Flowers that attract pollinating insects B Roots that store large amounts of water C Stems that tolerate freezing temperatures D Seeds that sprout only in the presence of re

22

Which of the following is an example of organic evolution?

F

A mammal population has traits for thicker fur in cooler climates. G Life arises from inorganic molecules. H Organisms adapt to their environment as it changes. J Enzymes perform molecular transformations.

12

GO ON

23

The normal blood pressure for a human is about 120/80 mm Hg. The rst number is the systolic pressure, produced when the heart contracts. The second number is the diastolic pressure which reects the pressure when the heart relaxes. The following graph shows the results of an investigation testing the effects of salt intake on blood pressure.

Salt Intake and Blood Pressure

170

Systolic Pressure (mm Hg)

160 150 140 130 120 110 0 10 20 30

Daily Salt Intake (g) According to the graph, which of the following predictions would be justied?
A

Daily salt intake can vary from 0 to 30 grams and maintain a normal blood pressure. B Maintaining daily salt intake between 5 and 10 grams helps maintain a normal blood pressure.
C D

Reducing daily salt intake to less than 10 grams could lower blood pressure to a dangerous level. Increasing daily salt intake at a slow rate from 0 to 30 grams produces a positive effect on the heart.

24

Which diagram represents the formation of an ionic bond?

F

H N H H

G H J

O C O N N Na Cl

13

GO ON

25

Conservationists hope to restore populations of endangered black bears. Which strategy will result in a long-term increase in bear populations?
A

Bear feeding programs B Tracking bear movements C Restoration of bear habitats D Increased hunting of bear predators

26

The diagram below depicts the DNA ngerprints of four sh species. Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 4

Which two species of sh are most closely related?

F

1 G 1 H 2 J 3

and and and and

4 2 3 4

14

GO ON

27

To challenge the theory of spontaneous generation, an eighteenth-century scientist conducted an experiment using asks of nutrient solution. Both asks were boiled to kill any bacteria that might have been present. One ask was left open exposed to the air and the other was sealed immediately after boiling. Microorganisms were observed only in the container that was left open to the air. Even though this experiment was successful, what reasoning did supporters of spontaneous generation have about these results?
A

Fresh air was not allowed in the sealed ask which is required for life. B The solution did not contain enough nutrients to support any bacterial life. C The experiment is biased since bacteria cannot grow in glass. D The results did not support the hypothesis.

28

Which of the following is an example of connective tissue?

F G

Ribs

Cartilage H Skeletal muscle J Intestinal linings

15

GO ON

29

Bean beetles are agricultural pests. During the adult stage, the beetles do not need food or water. The female lays a single egg on the surface of a bean seed. The hatching larva uses the bean for food. Two groups of students designed an experiment to test whether adult female bean beetles prefer a certain type of bean on which to lay their eggs. The students divided three dishes into three different sections. Two of the three sections in each dish contain a different type of bean. A beetle was placed in each of the three dishes and observed for 30 minutes. The data are shown in the tables below. Time Spent (in minutes) in Each Section by Female Beetle Group 1 Female Beetle Number Dish Section with No Beans 8 6 8 Dish Section with Mung Beans 16 18 8 Dish Section with Adzuki Beans 6 6 16

1 2 3

Time Spent (in minutes) in Each Section by Female Beetle Group 2 Female Beetle Number Dish Section with No Beans 7 6 9 Dish Section with Mung Beans 12 8 7 Dish Section with Adzuki Beans 11 16 14

1 2 3

Based on the data, the two groups developed different conclusions. Which of the following procedures should be used to provide more reliable data to the students?
A

The B The C The D The

beetles should be the same age. beans should be mixed together in the dish. average size of the beans should be recorded. number of beetles tested should be increased.

16

GO ON

30

A scientist discovers a group of unicellular organisms whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan. These organisms thrive in temperatures above 80C and may be found in sulfur-rich hot springs. In which kingdom is this species classied?
F

Archaebacteria G Eubacteria H Fungi J Protist

31

A group of scientists tested the effect of a new medication on heart rate. The scientists gave different doses of the medication to 1000 volunteers. The heart rates of the volunteers were measured both before the medication was given and thirty minutes following administration of the medication. The average change in heart rate is shown in the table below.

Effect of Medication on Heart Rate

Dose (mg/kg of body weight) 0 25 50 75 100 125 Which dosage had the greatest effect on heart rate?
A

Heart Rate Change (beats per minute) +2 -39 -26 -18 -9 -4

0 mg/kg of body weight B 25 mg/kg of body weight C 50 mg/kg of body weight D 125 mg/kg of body weight

32

Blood moves through the blood vessels to all parts of the body due to the contractions of which tissue?
F

Connective G Muscle H Nervous J Epithelial

17

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33

The European starling is a bird that was introduced into the United States in the 1890s. It has been very successful due to its diverse diet and ability to nest in a variety of places. What effect will a population of starlings have on a competing native species of birds?
A

The B The C The D The

native native native native

birds birds birds birds

will will will will

raise fewer offspring. share a nest with other birds. develop into a new species. reproduce with another species of birds.

34

The table below is a codon chart.

First Letter U U
phenylalanine phenylalanine

Second Letter C A
serine serine serine serine proline proline proline proline tyrosine tyrosine stop stop histidine histidine glutamine glutamine

G
cysteine cysteine stop tryptophan arginine arginine arginine arginine serine serine arginine arginine glycine glycine glycine glycine

leucine leucine leucine leucine leucine leucine isoleucine isoleucine isoleucine methionine valine
(start)

threonine asparagine threonine asparagine threonine threonine alanine alanine alanine alanine lysine lysine aspartate aspartate glutamate glutamate

valine valine valine

Third Letter U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

What is the likely effect of a mutation that causes the sequence CGC to become CGG?
F

The G The H The J The

reading frame will be shifted. protein formed will be unchanged. protein will be translated incorrectly. translation process will stop prematurely.

18

GO ON

35

How is energy made available to the cell to move large starch molecules across the membrane through the process of endocystosis?
A

Removing a phosphate from ATP B Combining two glucose molecules C Breaking carbon bonds in fatty acids D Splitting the oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule

36

Which information would a scientist use to classify the genus and species of a plant?
F

The G The H The J The

type of insect that is attracted to the owers on the plant physical traits this plant shares with other plants time of year owers bloom on the plant location where this plant grows best

37

Some scientists were studying the plants and animals found in the tundra. The scientists noticed that during the winter the number of a specic species of bird increased. Which of the following questions could these scientists not answer through experimentation?
A

Do the birds migrate during the summer? B Does the death rate increase during the summer? C Is there an increase in hatchlings during the winter? D Are the birds satised with food sources during the winter?

38

Which phase of the cell cycle ensures that identical copies of the parent cell DNA are made for the daughter cells?
F

Gap 1 (G1) G Gap 2 (G2) H Mitosis (M) J Synthesis (S)

19

GO ON

39

Purple sage is a plant with tiny hair-covered leaves. The plant is generally less than 4 meters tall, but the roots of the plant can reach lengths greater than 25 meters. Purple sage is expected to be native to which biome?
A

Desert B Grasslands C Rainforest D Tundra

40

Human blood contains approximately 83% water. Which property of water makes it an essential component for carrying nutrients and gases in the body?
F

Water G Water H Water J Water

has a pH of 7. expands when frozen. has a high specic heat. dissolves many substances.

41

Which of the following provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

A

The amino acid structure of eukaryotic organelles is identical to bacteria. B Eukaryotic cells reproduce in the same manner as aerobic prokaryotes. C Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA that is different from the nucleus. D Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are composed of the same types of protein as aerobic bacteria.

42

People who inherit hemophilia type A are unable to make a protein required to clot blood. This disorder is directly related to which of the following?
F

A G A H A J A

mutation in one gene chromosome that is duplicated gene that was incorrectly copied trait acquired from the environment

20

GO ON

43

The Japanese chestnut tree is related to, but does not normally cross-pollinate with, the American chestnut tree. The American chestnut tree was a dominant tree in the United States eastern forests until people imported the Japanese chestnut trees. Now there are a few remaining American chestnut trees in the United States eastern forests. Which of the following is a possible explanation for the reduction in the number of American chestnut trees?
A

Loss of genetic diversity of the American chestnut tree B Interbreeding between Japanese and American chestnut trees C Introduction of a disease carried by the Japanese chestnut tree D Succession of the forests where American chestnut trees are found

44

Some students grow two iris plants side by side in pots with the same type of potting soil. The two plants are of the same species, however, one of the plants has purple owers and one has white owers. The students count the number of bees that visited each plant during a one-hour period for seven days. The table below shows the results.

Comparison of Purple and White Iris Flowers

Flower Color White Purple Average Number of Bee Visits in 1 Hour 10 48

Based on these results, the students conclude that bees see purple owers more readily than they see white owers. Which of the following describes an alternate reason that more bees visited the purple owers?
F

The G The H The J The

purple purple purple purple

owers owers owers owers

have have have have

a different shape than the white owers. a different scent than the white owers. longer stems than the white owers. more petals than the white owers.

21

GO ON

45

Scientists are researching the effects of a drug used to treat acid reux on digestion of food in the stomach. Pepsin is an enzyme found in the stomach that is active in digesting proteins. If the drug being researched dramatically decreases the acidity in the stomach, which of the following is expected to occur?
A

Pepsin will be less active, causing a decrease in the digestion of proteins in the stomach. B Production of pepsin will increase, resulting in more proteins being digested in the stomach.
C D

The higher pH will stimulate pepsin activity and decrease the amount of proteins digested in the stomach. The lower pH will cause the denaturing of pepsin and result in digestion of fewer proteins in the stomach.

46

Cacti in desert biomes have adapted to tolerate a wide range of which environmental condition?
F

Temperature G Precipitation H Length of day J Soil nutrient levels

47

In the mid-18th century, John Needham conducted experiments to support the theory of spontaneous generation. Needham knew intense heat would kill any microorganisms present. He boiled broth in asks, then sealed them. After the broth cooled, Needham conrmed the presence of microorganisms, which he believed was proof that spontaneous generation occurred. Which of the following cannot be the explanation for the presence of microorganisms in Needhams asks?
A B C

Microorganisms in the air could have entered the asks after they were boiled but before they were sealed. The broth was boiled for too short a time to kill all the microorganisms present in the broth.

The corks Needham used to seal the asks were contaminated with microorganisms. D Microorganisms developed from macromolecules in the broth as it cooled.

22

GO ON

48

The diagram shows the structure of a root with root hairs.

Root Hairs

The root hairs allow roots to absorb water efciently by increasing which of these?
F

The mass of roots G The density of roots H The strength of roots

J

The surface area of roots

49

The order of bases on a segment of DNA is represented by C-A-C-T-G-A. What would be the end result of transcription for this sequence?
A

G-T-G-A-C-T B C-U-C-A-G-U C G-U-G-A-C-U D C-A-C-T-G-A

50

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
F

Anaphase G Metaphase H Prophase J Telophase

23

GO ON

51

Two food chains are shown below. Algae Zooplankton Bluegill Great Blue Heron

Grass Rabbit Fox

What role do the fox and the bluegill play in these communities?
A

Producers B Decomposers C Primary consumers D Secondary consumers

52

A student is investigating the time it takes for tap water, bottled water, and salt water to reach the boiling point. After the student collects and analyzes the data, what is the next step the student should perform according to scientic processes?
F

Formulate a hypothesis G Draw a conclusion H Propose a theory J Make an observation

53

Which example represents the lowest level of organization within an organism?

A

An organ that removes wastes products from the blood B An organ system that transmits nerve impulses C A tissue that secretes mucus D A cell that carries oxygen

54

A common ancestor gave rise to fourteen species of Darwins nches, which live on the Galapagos Islands. The nches that colonized different habitats on the islands diverged into different species. Which of the following explains the process that led to the divergence of nches?
F

Through gene isolation, the nches were unable to adapt due to a limited gene pool. G Through natural selection, the nches adapted to different food sources in their habitats. H Through natural fragmentation, the nches were unable to interbreed in different habitats. J Through gene recombination, the nches began to develop different physical characteristics. GO ON 24

55

Which molecule is correctly paired with the class of molecule to which it belongs?
A

Lactose lipid B Collagen protein C Hemoglobin carbohydrate D Hydrochloric acid nucleic acid

56

Muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive condition that occurs in approximately one of every 3500 individuals. A woman who is a carrier of muscular dystrophy marries a man who does not have muscular dystrophy. Which of the following is an expected outcome regarding the inheritance of muscular dystrophy by their children?
F

Twenty-ve percent of the sons would be carriers. G One hundred percent of the daughters would be carriers. H Fifty percent of the sons would have muscular dystrophy. J Seventy-ve percent of the daughters would have muscular dystrophy.

57

The table shows a mutation in a DNA sequence. Original Sequence Mutated Sequence GCA TAT GCT ATA GCG ACT GCA TTG CTA TAG CGA CT

What is the result of this mutation during the translation process?

A

The translation process will fail to begin. B The mRNA will be translated at a faster rate than normal. C Everything after the mutation will be translated incorrectly. D Some of the proteins formed during translation will be unstable.

58

Flowers aid in the survival of plant species because they contain structures with what function?
F

Gravitropism G Photosynthesis H Reproduction J Respiration

25

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59

The fennec, shown below, is a small fox-like creature native to North Africa. It lives in a very dry climate and has large ears that help rid its body of excess heat.

The size and body structures of the fennec are the result of what process?
A

Succession B Natural selection C Selective breeding D Genetic engineering

60

Students investigated how temperature affects the growth of a certain species of bacteria. The results of the investigation are shown in the table below.

Bacteria Growth
Petri Dish 1 2 3 4 Temperature (C) 5 25 37 50 Number of Colonies 28 62 130 118

What conclusion is supported by the results of the investigation?

F

The G The H The J The

maximum growth rate occurred at 37C. bacteria did not grow in temperatures over 50C. growth of the bacteria was not affected by temperature. number of colonies was in direct proportion to the temperature.

26

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61

A population of herbivores is conned in a 500-acre area by a high fence. A spring provides water to the herbivore population. Based on the principles of Thomas Malthus, what will happen to the herbivore population over time?
A

The B The C The D The

population population population population

will will will will

reproduce more slowly to conserve limited resources. remain the same size in response to being conned. grow and competition for resources will increase. slowly decline to zero as all food is consumed.

62

What is the function of the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?

F

Convert glucose into glycogen G Produce ATP for cellular reactions H Provide energy for producing glucose J Generate carbon dioxide for respiration

63

RNA structure is different from DNA structure because only RNA has which of the following?
A

Phosphate groups B Thymine bases C Adenine bases D Ribose sugars

64

Which of the following activities represents competition among organisms?

F

A G A H A J A

family of rabbits feeds on abundant pine seeds. coyote pup learns to stalk both rabbits and hares. wolf steals a rabbit killed by a coyote. bobcat catches several rabbits as the rabbits eat pine seeds.

27

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65

Which organelle performs digestive functions for the cell?

A

Ribosome B Lysosome C Golgi body D Endoplasmic reticulum

66

The transmission of a genetic disorder is represented in the pedigree below.

Unaffected female Carrier female Affected female Unaffected male Affected male What is the mode of inheritance shown in the pedigree?
F

Autosomal dominant G Autosomal recessive H Sex-linked carried on the X chromosome J Sex-linked carried on the Y chromosome

28

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67

In the nitrogen cycle, which organisms convert nitrates to nitrogen gas?

A

Plants B Animals C Bacteria D Protists

68

How do specialized organelles that capture energy from the sun help plants survive?
F

They G They H They J They

produce food for the plant. synthesize proteins in the plant. eliminate wastes from the plant. transport minerals within the plant.

69

A small re starts in the lab while a scientist is using a Bunsen burner. What should the scientist do rst?
A

Evacuate the building B Turn off the gas valve C Go to the safety shower D Shut down the main electrical source

70

In the Dalmatian breed of dogs, the allele for black colored spots (B) is dominant to the allele for brown colored spots (b). Two dogs with black spots mate and produce puppies with brown spots. What are the genotypes of the parent dogs?
F

BB and BB G BB and Bb H bb and BB J Bb and Bb

29

STOP

End of Test

MS00005957

531981

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