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LUN VN

ti: QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI KCN

TN BNH

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MC LC
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V KHU CNG NGHIP TN BNH ............................................................ 4
1.1.

Gii thiu v cng ty Tanimex ............................................................................................................ 4

C cu ngnh ngh v lao ng ca KCN .................................................................................... 6

1.2.2.

CHNG II: TNG QUAN V NH MY X L NC THI TP TRUNG KCN TN BNH ..... 8

2.1.

Nhim v, chc nng ca nh my .................................................................................................... 8

2.1.1.

Nhim v ........................................................................................................................................ 8

2.1.2.

Chc nng ...................................................................................................................................... 8

2.2.

Thun li v kh khn ca nh my ................................................................................................. 8

CHNG III:
3.1

QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI KCN TN BNH ......................10

. c im, thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi ..............................................................................10

Hin trng mi trng nc .............................................................................................................................11

3.3.
3.3.2.
3.4.

S cng ngh x l nc thi ca nh my ...............................................................................14

Thuyt minh.....................................................................................................................................16
Cu to v chc nng tng cng trnh n v ................................................................................17

3.4.1 Song chn rc th ...................................................................................................................................17

3.4.2 B thu gom .............................................................................................................................................18
3.4.3 Thit b lc rc tinh ................................................................................................................................19
3.4.5 B iu ha .............................................................................................................................................21
3.4.6 B SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor: b phn ng sinh hc tng m lin tc) .................................23
3.4.7 B kh trng ...........................................................................................................................................27
3.4.8 B nn bn ..............................................................................................................................................28
3.5.1.

Vn hnh h thng ..........................................................................................................................30

KT LUN V KIN NGH ..........................................................................................................................37

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KT LUN........................................................................................................................................................37
KIN NGH .......................................................................................................................................................39

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CHNG I: TNG QUAN V KHU CNG NGHIP TN BNH

1.1.

Gii thiu v cng ty Tanimex

Tn cng ty: CNG TY C PHN SN XUT KINH DOANH XUT NHP

KHU DICH V V U T TN BNH

Tin thn l Cng ty Dch v v Cung ng Xut khu, c thnh lp theo Quyt
nh s 1920/Q UB ngy 11 thng 11 nm 1981 ca y ban Nhn dn qun Tn
Bnh.
Nm 1992, Cng ty Sn xut Kinh doanh Xut nhp khu Dch v v u t Tn
Bnh c thnh lp theo Quyt nh s 218/Q UB ngy 11 thng 2 nm 1992 ca y
ban Nhn dn tp. H Ch Minh.
Ngy 30 thng 12 nm 2006, UBND tp. H Ch Minh ban hnh quyt nh s
6686/Q UBND v vic ph duyt phng n c phn ha v chuyn cng ty Sn xut
kinh doanh Xut nhp khu Dch v v u t Tn Bnh thnh cng ty c phn Sn xut
kinh doanh Xut nhp khu Dch v v u t Tn Bnh.
Cng ty chnh thc i vo hot ng vo ngy 18 thng 7 nm 2006 theo giy
CNKKD s 4103005032 do S K hoch v u t tp. H Ch Minh cp.
a ch: 89 L Thng Kit, P. 9, Q. Tn Bnh, Tp. H Ch Minh.
in thoi: (08) 8641885 (08) 8644497
Fax: 84.8.8642060
Email: tanimex@hcm.vnn.vn
Vn phng KCN Tn Bnh:
a ch: 108 Ty Thnh, P. 15, Q. Tn Bnh, Tp. H Ch Minh.
in thoi: (08) 8150073 (08) 8161254 (08) 8152435 (08) 8152434
Fax: 84.8.8150074
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Email: kcntanbinh@hcm.fpt.vn
1.2.

S hnh thnh v pht trin ca khu cng nghip

1.2.1. V tr a l, a hnh
KCN Tn Bnh c tng din tch khong 105,95 ha thuc 2 phng Ty Thnh v Sn
K, Qun Tn Ph TPHCM
V tr khu t nh sau:
Cch trung tm thnh ph 10km.
Nm gn sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Cch cng Si Gn 11 km theo ng vn chuyn container.
Cch xa l vnh ai Quc l 1A 600m.
Cch Quc l 22 khong 4 km.
1.2.2. C s h tng
Ngun cung cp in
Nhm m bo nh my hot ng c lin tc, KCN c 2 ngun cung cp in:
Trm Tn Bnh 1 nm trong KCN: 110/22 KWV 2 x 40 KVA.
ng dy d phong Hc Mn v Vinatexco t trm 110/15 KW B Quo.
Ngun cung cp nc
p ng a ti nhu cu v nc ca cc doanh nghip, KCN s dng 2 h thng cung
cp nc:
Cng ty khai thc v x l nc ngm TP: 50.000m3/ngy m.
H thng nc sng Si Gn: 300.000m3/ngy m.
H thng cp nc ni b KCN: 6.000m3/ngy m.
H thng giao thng
Tng chiu di cc tuyn ng trong KCN vi cc loi ng c l gii t 16m32m c tri b tong nha nng v ni trc tip vi xa l vnh ai (QL 1A), Quc l
22, ti trng H.30.
Khu ph tr KCN

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Chim 13,4 ha dng b tr cc cng trnh cung cp nng lng, cung cp nc v cung
cp cc dch v vn ti, kho ti, kho ngoi quan.
Ngoi ra, a dng ha kinh doanh v cng nh ngy cng hon thin cc dch v h
tr cho hot ng sn xut cu cc nh u t, ngay t u nm 2000, KCN ng lot
trin khai cc d n loi hnh dch v nh: xy dng khhu nh kho xng cho thu,
Xng cung ng phn n cng nghip, i cy xanh Mi trng, X nghip xy lp v
c kh xy dng (trc thuc Cng ty TANIMEX), Trm cung cp nhin liu , thc hin
Dch V i L Bo Him, phng giao dch ngn hng Vietcombank chi nhnh TP
HCM. Ngoi ra cn trin khai thm mt s li hnh dch v khc nh: trm khai thc
nc ngm , bn tr gp cc cn h trong Chung c cho cc i tng c thu nhp thp,
cc Khu vui chi, Khu VHTDTT, Vn phng cho thu, Kho ngoi quan, Trm x l
nc thi, Bu chnh vin thng v cc cng trnh tin ch phc v dn c: trng hc, y
t.
Bn cnh cng tc tuyn dng lao ng cung ng cho cc nh my trong KCN
c Cng ty Tanimex c bit quan tm.
i vi cng tc bo v v trt t cng cng cng c KCN quan tm v thc hin
chuyn trch bi i Bo V KCN, ng thi phi hp vi cc c quan a phng.
1.2.2. C cu ngnh ngh v lao ng ca KCN
C cu ngnh ngh
C cu ngnh ngh u t vo KCN Tn Bnh c quy hoch cho cc loi hnh cng
nghip kh sch, t c kh nng gy nhim mi trng. hin ti c khong 136 nh u
t ang hot ng trong KCN Tn Bnh vi cc ngnh ngh sn xut a dng bai gm:
Cc ngnh cng nghip nh nh: dt, may, giy da, n trang, m phm, dng c ty tinh,
pha l, m ngh silicat.
Cc ngnh cng nghip ch bin thc phm.
Cc ngnh cng nghip in, sn xut bao b.
Cc ngnh gia cng ch bin nha cao su, composit, g.
Cc ngnh sa cha, ch to my, thit b ph tng, dng c kim loi, xi m.
Cc ngnh cng nghip dc phm
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Lao ng
Cc ngnh ngh sn xut c c tnh ch yu s dng nhiu lao ng ph thng, lao ng
c tay ngh. S lng lao ng ch yu tp trung vo cc ngnh sn xut, cc ngnh dch
v chim s t.
Ngun cung cp lao ng ch yu t khu vc, cc tnh thnh khu vc ln cn. Lao ng
tp trung v phn ln khng c o to ngnh ngh c bn s c y ngh ti y.
Hu ht cc lao ng iu c trnh vn ha cha tt nghip ph thng trung hc.

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CHNG II: TNG QUAN V NH MY X L NC THI

TP TRUNG KCN TN BNH
2.1.

Nhim v, chc nng ca nh my

2.1.1. Nhim v
Nng cao hiu sut x l nc thi.
Tit kim nng lng.
Khng xy ra s c v nc thi.
m bo x l trit nc thi ca cc doanh nghip trong KCN theo tiu
chun nc loi B.
2.1.2. Chc nng
Nh my x l nc thi tp trung l ni x l nc thi ca cc cng ty, x
nghip ang hot ng trong KCN. ng thi t mi trng ca KCN ti y lm
nhim v thu thp thng tin lin quan n mi trng ca cc doanh nghip, lp
bo co trnh ln s Ti Nguyn Mi Trng v Hepza (Hepza l ban qun l
KCN Khu ch xut).
2.2.

Thun li v kh khn ca nh my

2.2.1. Thun li
Nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN c xy dng mt a im rt thun li
nm trong KCN li cch xa khu dn c nn vic x l khng gy nh hng n ngi
dn.
2.2.2. Kh khn
Nh my c din tch tng i nh nn h thng x l cho c KCN cn hn ch v cng
nhn cn c hn.

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2.3.

C cu t chc v b tr nhn s trong nh my

T TRNG

NHN VIN
TH NGHIM

2.4.

NHN VIN
VN HNH

NHN VIN
BO DNG

BO V

S mt bng nh my

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CHNG III: QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI

KCN TN BNH
3.1 .

c im, thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi

3.1.1. c im nc thi
Nc thi t KCN Tn Bnh bao gm 3 ngun chnh:
Nc thi sn xut: l loai nc thi pht sinh t cc hot ng sn xut ca cc
nh my trong KCN. Loi nc thi ny cha rt nhiu cht kh phn hy do cc nh
my sn xut thc phm, in t, in n bao b, da dy, sn xut nha, cao suv c
quy vo loi nc thi nguy hi nh du khong, kim loi nngBn cnh cn c
nc thi t cc qu trnh thu gom, ra nguyn liu, v sinh thit b.
Nc thi sinh hot: ch yu pht sinh t hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn
vin. Nc thi ny c cha nhiu cht hu c, cc cht cn bn, cc cht l lng, cc
cht dinh dng v vi khun.
Nc ma: hu ht nc ma c chy trn ra knh Tham Lng v knh 19/5.
Trong qu trnh chy trn nc ma ko theo mt s bi bn v c cht nhim trn b
mt. tuy nhin mc nhim tng i nh nn c quy l sch, do vic thot
nc ma xung cc knh trong KCN c xem l an ton i vi mi trng.
KCN nc thi c kim sot bng lng nc cp cho KCN hot ng. Lu
lng nc thi nc thi cng nghip dao ng ph thuc vo lng nc c s dng
trong sn xut v trong sinh hot, bin ng theo ngy.
Nh my x l nc thi vi cng xut 2000m3/ngy m.
3.1.2 Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi
Hin KCN vi hn 150 x nghip ln nh v cc ngnh ngh khc nhau nh: cng
nghip c kh, ch bin lng thc, may mc, giy da, nha, cao su, vt liu xy dng,
trang tr ni tht, gm x, thy tinh, lp rp in t, in gia dngThnh phn nc
thi rt a dng ph thuc vo tng khu, tng nh my v lun thay i. N cha cc
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cht hu c, cht rn l lng, kim loi nng, cht nicc hp cht ny nh hng ln
n qu trnh x l nc thi ca nh my.
Nc thi trong khu cng nghip khi ch bin cc cht hu c, v c. Trong cng
nghip sn xut hnh thnh t cc qu trnh sau:
- Nc ra nguyn liu, sn phm, thit b.
- Nc lm ngui
- Nc c tch ra trong qu trnh ch bin nguyn liu.
- Cc loi nc khc: nc ra bao b, nh xng, my mc
Hin trng mi trng nc
3.2.1. Cht lng nc thi ca trm XLNT tp trung KCN Tn Bnh
Nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN Tn Bnh vi cng sut thit k
2000m3/ngy m c xy dng v i vo vn hnh n nh, c S Ti Nguyn &
Mi Trng cp vn bn nghim thu s 7272/TNMT-QLMT ngy 03/08/2006 cng vi
giy php x vo ngun tip nhn.
nh gi hin trng cht lng nc thi sau s l, Cng ty CP SX KD SNK DV &
T Tn Bnh (Tanimex) cho tin hnh o c cc ch tiu nc thi nh k 4
ln/thng vi cc ch tiu: SS, COD, BOD5, pH trc x l v sau khi x l ca nh my
XLNT tp trung KCN Tn Bnh. ng thi gi n v bn ngoi phn tch cc ch tiu
theo TCVN 5945-2005.

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Bng 3.1. Cht lng nc thi trung bnh ca Trm XLNT ngy 9/12/2009.
STT

Ch tiu phn tch

Kt qu

n v

TC nc thi
(TCVN 5945-2005,
ct B)

Nc thi trc
XL

Nc thi
sau XL

5,5-9
Khng kh chu

1
2

pH
Mi

Mg/l

6,2
Kh chu

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Mu sc
SS
COD
BOD5
T-N
T-P
Hg
As
Pb
Cd

Pt
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l

340
140,4
951
495
8,91
2,76
0,005
0,01
0,19
0,01

6,8
Khng kh
chu
42
10,5
55
28
4,06
0,95
<0,001
<0,001
0,11
0,001

13
14

Coliform
Cr3+

MPN/100ml
Mg/l

75*106
0,59

1200
0,08

5000
1

15

Cr6+

Mg/l

0,51

0,04

0,1

16

Nhit

30,5

30,1

40

17

Cu

Mg/l

0,82

0,07

18

Zn

Mg/l

0,02

<0,01

19

Mn

Mg/l

0,31

0,1

20

Fe

Mg/l

1,35

0,31

21

Sn

Mg/l

0,03

0,1

22

Ni

Mg/l

0,13

0,007

0,5

23

Clo d

Mg/l

0,02

24

Du m khong

Mg/l

0,48

<0,01

25

Du TV

Mg/l

0,25

<0,01

20

26

N-NH3

Mg/l

5,45

2,54

10

27

Phenol

Mg/l

0,11

<0,02

0,5

28

Florua

Mg/l

0,11

0,01

10

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100
80
50
30
6
0,01
0,1
0,5
0,01

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29

Sunlfua

Mg/l

1,01

0,01

0,5

30

CN-

Mg/l

0,127

<0,002

0,1

31

Clorua

Mg/l

312

255

600

Mg/l
Ha cht BVTV:
KPH
KPH
1
ln hu c
Mg/l
33
Ha cht BVTV:
KPH
KPH
0,1
Clo hu c
Ngun:Vin khoa hc v cng ngh Vit Nam - Vin Ha Hc cc hp cht thin nhin- Lin Hip
32

Khoa Hc sn xut cng ngh Ha Hc

3.2.2. Cht lng nc ngun tip nhn

Ngun tip nhn lng nc thi KCN Tn Bnh l knh Tham Lng, nh gi hin
trng cht lng ngun tip nhn, Cng ty CP SX KD SNK DV & T Tn Bnh
(Tanimex) cng tin hnh o c ti cc v tr: pha trn ngun tip nhn, gn ngun
tip nhn, pha di ngun tip nhn.
Bng 3.2. Kt qu cht lng nc knh Tham Lng ngy 9/12/2009
STT

Ch tiu
nhim

n v

Mu 1

Mu 2

Mu 3

1
2

pH
Hg

Mg/l
Mg/l

6,5
0,001

6,2
0,001

6,7
0,001

Tiu chun nc mt
08:2008/BTNMT, ct
B2
5,5-9
0,002

BOD5

Mg/l

67

54

51

25

COD

Mg/l

129

107

106

50

TSS

Mg/l

43,5

152,4

14,5

100

Km(Zn)

Mg/l

0,01

0,01

0,01

ng(Cu)

Mg/l

0,19

0,25

0,01

Pb

Mg/l

0,10

0,04

0,06

0,05

NO3-

Mg/l

0,065

0,072

0,087

15

10

NO2-

Mg/l

0,012

0,043

0,018

0,05

11

Cadmi (Cd)

Mg/l

0,004

<0,001

0,001

0,01

12

Asen (As)

Mg/l

0,01

0,002

0,001

0,1

13

Cr6+

Mg/l

0,28

0,15

0,22

0,05

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14

Cr3+

Mg/l

0,92

0,57

0,02

15

Coliform

MPN/100ml

21*10 5

19*10 4

12*104

10.000

16

Ni

Mg/l

0,012

0,08

0,13

0,1

17

Fe

Mg/l

0,84

0,31

0,52

18

N-NH3

Mg/l

3,39

1,97

2,09

19

Mg/l

KPH

KPH

KPH

0,02

20

Phenol
long
Florua

Mg/l

0,01

0,01

0,01

21

DO

Mg/l

1,44

1,45

1,45

22

CN-

Mg/l

0,02

KPH

KPH

0,05

23

Du m

Mg/l

0,25

0,26

0,24

0,3

24

PO43-

Mg/l

2,86

2,03

3,61

0,5

25

Ecoli

Mg/l

12*10 3

9*103

7*103

200

26

Clorua

Mg/l

652

227

141

Ngun:Vin khoa hc v cng ngh Vit Nam - Vin Ha Hc cc hp cht thin nhin- Lin Hip
Khoa Hc sn xut cng ngh Ha Hc

3.3.

S cng ngh x l nc thi ca nh my

3.3.1. S cng ngh

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NC THI
VO
NaOH
HCl
H thu gom

Lc rc v tch
du m

Rc

Ca(OCl)2

Du m

B SBR 1

Bn d

B kh trng

B iu ha

B SBR 2

Kh thi

Kh thi

polyme
B bn

My p bn

NC U
RA
Nc sau p v
li b nhn

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3.3.2. Thuyt minh

Nc thi t nhiu ngun khc nhau s chy trng lc tp trung v nh my x l
nc thi bng 2 tuyn ng. T 2 v tr ny s c ni vo b thu gom c song chn rc
vi kch thc khe l 10 mm s gi li rc c kch thc ln trc khi cho nc i vo h
thng. Nc thi t b thu gom c a ln thit b lc rc tinh bng 3 bm chm kiu
cnh h nhm loi b nhng cht rn c kch thc ln hn 0,75mm. Khi lu lng nc
thi khu cng nghip mc trung bnh th mt bm hot ng, khi lu lng nc cao
th 2 bm hot ng. Mt bm t d phng khi mt trong hai bm c s c khng hot
ng. Ti b thu gom mi pht sinh t nc thi rt kh chu nn b dc thit k c np
y hn ch mi.
Sau khi qua thit b lc rc tinh th nc thi t chy vo b tch du m nh b tr
theo s chnh lch cao . Du m c tch ra ni ln trn mt nc thi s c thi
gt vo mng bng my gt v du ny c a i x l nh cht thi c hi, phn
nc cn li s chy trn qua b iu ha.
Ti b iu ha u d pH s kim tra pH ca nc thi v ng thi s c iu
chnh bng dung dch NaOH, HCl. NaOH, HCl c cp bi bm ring v hot ng da
trn tnh hiu nhn c t my iu khin t trong b cn bng. Thng thng khong
pH lm vic tt nht l 6,5 7.5.
Trong b iu ha, nc c khuy trn chm lin tc iu ha nng v lu
lng nc ng thi ngn khng cho qu trnh lng xy ra. Bm chm c s dng ti
b iu ha vn chuyn nc thi n hai b SBR. ng thi b iu ha cng c vai
tr lm b cha nc thi mi khi h thng dng li sa cha hoc bo tr.
Tip n, nc t b iu ha c bm chm sang b SBR theo tng m mt, hai
b hot ng lun phin nhau to thnh mt quy trnh x l lin tc ca h thng. y l
b phn ng sinh hc hiu kh tng m lin tc (sequencing bacth reactor).

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Quy trnh b SBR din ra 5 giai on: cp nc, cp nc v sc kh, sc kh, lng,
cht nc. Cc giai on ny c vn hnh vn hnh lin tc v c iu khin vi
chng trnh t ng SBR. Khi thi gian cp nc kt thc th giai on cp nc v sc
kh in ra, nc c cp vo h cha trong qu trnh sc kh th s c dng li
nhng kh vn c sc lin tc, lc ny nc c xo trn lin tc tng hiu qu
ca qu trnh x l hiu kh bng vi sinh. Thi gian sc kh kt thc, tip n s l giai
on lng , bn s c lng trong iu kin tnh, cc bng cn nng s lng xung vi
tc nhanh trong sut qu trnh lng. Giai on cui cng ca b SBR l cht nc.
Nc c cht cch nc mt 30cm v c a qua b kh trng.
Ti b kh trng, Ca(OCl)2 c chm vo vi liu lng xc nh ty thuc vo
dng thi b kh trng nc trc khi a ra h cha nc sau x l.
Ngoi ra, sau qu trnh x l b SBR mt phn bn d nn y c chuyn n
my p bn x l bng bm cp bn. Phn nc sinh ra trong qu trnh p bn s
c chy vo b thu gom. Phn bn sau khi p c em i phi.
3.4.

Cu to v chc nng tng cng trnh n v

3.4.1 Song chn rc th

Chc nng:
Nhm gi li cc loi rc (gi, giy, bao b) v cc tp cht rn th c kch thc ln
hn 10mm trc khi a vo c cng trnh x l tip theo. Vic s dng song chn rc
trong cc cng trnh x l nc thi trnh c cc hin tng tt nghn bm, van v cc
trng hp gy hng bm.
Cu to :
Song chn rc t vung gc vi dng chy, gm cc thanh kim loai (inox) t cch
nhau 10mm trong mt khung thp hnh ch nht, d dng trt ln xung dc theo hai
khe thnh mng dn v c th ko ln khi v sinh.

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3.4.2 B thu gom

Chc nng:
Thu nhn ton b nc thi t cc phn xng sn xut ca KCN Tn Bnh bao gm c
nc thi sinh hat.
Cu to:
B thu gom c thit k bng b tong ct thp, chiu su y b thp hn mc nc ng
u vo 3m.
B hnh ch nht nm su di mt t
Kch thc h thu: V=15.19.25.9 (m)
C 3 bm chm cu to ging nhau, hot ng lun phin bm nc vo 2 thit b lc
rc tinh.

Hnh 1: B bom

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hnh 2: Ba bm chm b gom

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3.4.3 Thit b lc rc tinh

Chc nng:
Loi b cc tp cht rn v cc hp cht hu c c kch thc ln hn 0.75mm.
Hai thit b lc rc c cp nc nh 3 bm hot ng lun phin nhau.

Hnh 3: Thit b lc rc tinh

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3.4.4 B tch du m
Chc nng:
Trong nc thi c cha nhiu vng du ni ln trn b mt, c my gt du gt vo
mng v chy vo thng cha sau c giao cho cng ty mi trng Vit c x l. B
tch du c nhim v gt b cc cht ni b mt gip cho cc cng trnh pha sau x l
t hiu qu.
Cu to:
B tch du m c thit k bng b tng ct thp nm cnh b iu ha v ni ln trn
mt t nh lin kt vi cm b chnh.
Kch thc b: 2.518.95 (m)

Hnh 4: B tch du m

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3.4.5 B iu ha
Chc nng:
B iu ha s iu dng lu lng xuyn sut trm x l gim ng k dao ng thnh
phn nc thi i vo cc cng on tip theo. ng thi b iu ha cn c vai tr lm
b cha nc thi khi h thng dng li sa cha hoc bo tr.
B iu ha tng hiu qu x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc, gim thiu kh
nng gim tc cho b SBR do ti trng tng t ngt, gim thiu n mc thp nht tc
hi ca cc cht gy c ch cho cc vi sinh vt
Gim mt phn BOD
n nh pH ca nc thi m khng tn nhiu ha cht.
Thit b o pH hot ng theo ch cm bin s t ng chm NaOH nu pH nc thi
nh hn 6.49 cn nu pH ln hn 7.49 th s chm HCl
Cu to:
Kch thc : 18.9 10 5 (m).
Chiu cao cha nc: H = 4.7 (m).
Th tch cha nc: V = 658 (m3).
Thi gian lu nc trong b: t = 7.8 (gi).
Vt liu xy dng: b tng ct thp.
S bm chm: 2 ci (1 hot ng, 1 d phng).
My khuy: 2 ci.

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Hnh 5: B iu ha

Hnh 6: hai bm chm b iu ha

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3.4.6 B SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor: b phn ng sinh hc tng m lin tc)
Chc nng:
Oxy ha cc cht hu c c kh nng phn hy sinh hc trong b thi kh (cht hu c
ha tan c chuyn thnh sinh khi t bo mi).
Kt bng cc hp cht hu c n nh v tch nhng sinh khi mi to thnh ra khi
nc thi sau x l.
Loi cc bng cn sinh hc ra khi nc bng qu trnh lng trng lc lm cho nc ra
trong hn.
Cu to:
SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) l b phn ng gin on theo tng m hot ng da
trn qu trnh sinh trng l lng ca vi sinh vt hiu kh. B SBR l mt dng Aerotank
lm vic theo m x l nc thi vi bn hot tnh.
S b: 2 ci
Kch thc mi b: Chiu di chiu rng chiu cao = 18.9 8.73 5 (m)
Chiu cao cha nc: 4.7 (m)
Th tch cha nc: V = 825 m3
Thi gian lu lu nc trong b: t = 19.8 gi
S m ca 1 b: 4 m/ngy
Th tch rt y b trong 1 m: 334 m3/m
Lng bn sinh ra: 51.6 kg/m
My thi kh: 2 ci (mi b 1 ci)
Sc kh chm: 4 ci (mi b 2 ci)
Bm bn 2 ci
Cng sut chuyn ti oxy: 44 kg O2/gi
u im:
Qu trnh x l n gin, hiu qu x l cc cht o nhim cao.
Khng cn b lng 1 v 2, khng cn h thng tun hon bn.
Vn hnh t ng, gim din tch xy dng v chi ph u t.

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Qu trnh x l n nh: khi sinh khi thch nghi vi mt khong rng nng cht nn
v DO th qu trnh x l khng b nh hng bi ti trng BOD, c kh nng x l t
tiu chun cao (tiu chun loi A).
C kh nng kh c cc hp cht Nito, Phootpho cao.
Cnh tranh gi ci t v vn hnh
C th lp t tng phn v d dng m rng thm.
Nhc im:
Cng ngh x l sinh hc i hi s n nh tnh cht nc thi trc khi x l. Nu c
bt k s thay i t ngt ca tnh cht nc thi u vo (hm lng kim loi nng
cao, pH qu thp hoc qu cao) th s lm nh hng rt ln n hiu qu x l ti
lng nhim tnh theo BOD v nhiu kh khn trong vic khc phc cc s c ca cc
b vi sinh vt.
b c th vn hnh mt cch hiu qu th i hi ngi vn hnh phi thng xuyn
theo di cc bc x l nuowvs thi.

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Chu k hot ng ca b SBR:

Giai on

Thi gian

M t

(pht)

Cp nc

60

Cp ncv bt u vi lng nc thi c nh

cho b SBR v bt u phn hy cht hu c mnh m.
Khi nc c cp vo b trong thi gian 60 pht th
my thi kh bt u hot ng, nc c tip tc cp

Cp nc v
60
sc kh

trong vng 60 pht na th ngng (nu trong b iu ha

cn nc trn mc cho php th bm nc s t ng
chuyn vo b SBR cn li).
Khi cung cp y cht dinh dng, cc phn ng sinh

Sc kh

180

ha hot ng nh vo vic cung cp oxy khng kh,

sinh khi tng hp BOD, ammoniac v nito hu c.
Sau khi oxy ha sinh hc xy ra, bn c lng v nc

Lng

60

trn b mt to ra s phn cch gia bn v nc. qu

trnh lng din ra trong mi trng tnh, hiu qu thy
lc ca b t 100%.
Tho nc c lng trong b SBR ra b kh trng.
H thng thu nc bng phao ni trn b mt t trn

X nc

60

xung ly nc m cn khng b ko theo. Thi gn

x nc ch ko di trong vng 80 pht, cn li 10 pht
l bm x bn d trong b SBR ra b nn bn v sau
tip tc np m mi.

Tng cng

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360 pht

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Hnh 7: B SBR 1

Hnh 8: B SBR 2

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3.4.7 B kh trng
Chc nng:
Nc thi sau khi x l b SBR cn cha khong 105-106 vi khun trong 1ml s
c a t b theo ng ng trng lc ti b kh trng dit vi khun gy bnh
trc khi x vo ngun tip nhn. Trong b ny Clorua vi (NaOCl) c chm vo b
vi liu lng xc nh ty thuc vo nc thi dng ra kh trng trc khi vo cng.
Trong b, nc chuyn ng zch zc to nn s xo trn ha cht v nc, lc ny vi
sinh vt b tiu dit. Nc sau khi kh trng c thi ra ngoi theo cng n b cha
nc sau x l.
Cu to:
Kch thc: L W H = 18.9 1.5 3.4 (m)
Chiu cao cha nc: H =3.2 (m)
Th tch cha nc: V = 56m3
Thi gian lu nc trong mt chu k: 1.5 gi
Ha cht s dng: NaOCl 10%
Vt liu xy dng: b tng ct thp

hnh 9: B kh trng

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3.4.8 B nn bn
Bn d t b SBR c bm n b nn bn nhm c c bn s b, b ny c
thit k nh b nn bn trng lc. Bn nn di y c chuyn n my p bn bng
cc my bm bn. Bn bm t b nn bn c trn vi polimer trong tng kh nng
tch nc v kt dnh ca bn. Phn nc tch ra trong qu trnh p bn theo mng dn
chy v h thu gom.
Bn d t qu trnh x l c bm v b nn bn, m ca bn khong 80%
90%, sau bn c bm n my p bn v c c n m t 20-30%. Bn kh
c giao cho cng ty mi trng Vit c x l.

Hnh 10: B nn bn

Hnh 11: Thit b bm bn nn

3.4.9 My p bn
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Khi nng bn trong b cha nm trong khong t 20.000-50.000 mg/l v bn

c phn hy tt (bn c mu nu xm) th s tin hnh p bn.
Chn la Polymer thch hp bng cch ly mu bn lng xc nh th tch
polymer/th tch bn to keo bn ti u. T diu chnh lng bm ca bm
polymer v bm bn thch hp.
Tch nc ra khi bn vi mc ch: gim khi lng vn chuyn ra bi thi, cn
kh d a i chn lp hay ci to t c hiu qu cao hn bn t, gim th tch nc c
th ngm vo nc ngm bi chn lp.

Hnh 12: My p bn

3.5.

Vn hnh h thng, s c v khc phc s c

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3.5.1. Vn hnh h thng

H thng c gim st v iu khin t ng hon ton bng h thng SCADA
(phn mm lp trnh v qun l d n cp cao) v mn hnh chm c t trong
phng iu khin. Ngoi ra h thng cn c ci sn trn my tnh.
ch AUTO, nguyn l hot ng ca h thng nh sau:
H thu gom
3 bm chuyn nc thi, 2 hot ng v mt d phng.
Nu c bm lm vic no b li, bm dn phong s hot ng nh bm lm vic.
Hot ng ca bm (khi ng/dng) c kim sot bi cm bin mt nc.
n bo li ca bm tng ng s hin th trn t iu khin nu bm b li.
Khi mc nc cao n mc High Level (mc cao) th ci bo s bo ng cho
bit trong t iu khin.
Mt my lc rc t ng tt/ m bng tay trn t iu khin.
n bo li ca my lc rc s bo ng trn t iu khin nu my lc rc b li.
Mt lu lng k in t c lu lng ( o lu lng gi v tng lng nc)
trn t Scandal v mn hnh chm.
Mt cm bin mc nc siu m.
B tch du m
Mt my ht du, tt/ m bng tay trn t iu khin.
n bo li ca my ht du s hin th trn t iu khin nu my ht du b li.
B iu ha
u d pH
u iu khin pH/ b truyn tn hiu c lin ng vi bm nh lng NaOH
hoc HCl ty thuc vo gi tr c trn u d pH.
Hai my trn chm, hot ng ng thi.
ch AUTO cc my khuy trn hot ng theo th k trong PLC.
My khuy s khng vn hnh ch t ng nu cng tc ca my khng
bt c sang v tr auto.

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n bo li ca my khuy trn s hin th trn t iu khin nu my khuy trn

b li.
Hai bm vn chuyn mt hot ng, mt d phng
Nu c bm lm vic b bo li,bm d phng s t ng hot ng nh bm lm
vic.
Hot ng ca bm (khi ng/dng bm) c kim sot bi cm bin mc
nc v chu k hot ng ca b SBR
Cc bm s c ci t hot ng lun phin nh vo th k trong PLC.
n bo li ca bm tng ng s hin th trn t iu nu bm b li.
Khi mc nc cao n mc High Level (mc cao) th ci bo s bo ng cho
bit trong t iu khin.
Bm hot ng b iu ha v van in cp nc cho b SBR lin ng vi chu
k hot ng ca SBR.
B SBR
Trong sut giai on khi ng ca giai on cp nc ca b SBR, van in
cp nc s m, kch hot bm nc thi b iu ha hot ng.
Hot ng ca bm nc thi b iu ha cng ty thuc vo mc nc trong
b iu ha nhng van in cp nc s tip tc m cp nc cho n khi kt
thc giai on cp nc&sc kh.
Trong sut giai on khi ng cp nc&sc kh v sc kh, my sc kh c
my thi kh hot ng v s dng khi kt thc chu k sc kh.
My sc kh v my thi kh s ngng hot ng khi mc nc trong b xung
thp hn mc ci t thp.
Kt thc giai on cp nc&sc kh, bm nc thi b iu ha s dng v
van in cp nc s ng.
Khng thit b no hot ng trong sut thi gian lng.
Khi giai on lng kt thc, giai on cht nc bt u v kch hot van in
cht nc m ra cht lc.

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Bm vn chuyn bn [PM-04 hoc PM05] s khi ng vo lc gn kt thc giai

on cht nc v ngng khi giai on cht nc kt thc.
Thi gian hot ng trong mt chu k ca b SBR sau khi h thng khi ng nh
sau:
Cp nc:

60 pht

Cp nc + Sc kh:

60 pht

Sc kh:

180 pht

Lng trong:

60 pht

Cht nc:

60 pht

B nn bn
Mt bm vn chuyn, hot ng
Hot ng ca bm (khi ng/dng bm) c ng bng tay trn t iu khin
ca my p bn.
ch hot ng, bm t ng iu khin bi t iu khin ca my p bn.
H thng nh lng ha cht
Bm NaOH
ch AUTO:
- Bm nh lng NaOH hot ng khi bm nc thi h thu gom hot ng ng
thi pH ca nc thi ngoi khong cho php v mc ha cht trong bn ha cht phi
cao trn mc cho php.
- Nguyn l hot ng ca bm NaOH nh sau: M bm khi pH < 6,00 (gi tr ny c
th iu chnh hoc thay i cho ph hp trong qu trnh vn hnh), dng bm khi pH <
6,49.
Bm HCl
ch AUTO:

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- Bm nh lng HCl hot ng khi bm nc thi h thu gom hot ng ng thi

pH ca nc thi ngoi khong pH cho php v mc ha cht trong bn phi cao hn
mc cho php.
- Nguyn l hot ng ca bm HCl n sau: M bm khi pH > 7,49 (gi tr ny c th
iu chnh hoc thay i cho ph hp trong qu trnh vn hnh), dng bm khi pH <
7,01.
Bm Ca(OCl)2
ch AUTO:
- Bm nh lng Ca(OCl)2 hot ng khi nng chlorua vi trong b kh trng
di mc cho php. Nng chlorua vi trong b c xc nh bi u d chlorua vi.
Bm Polyme
ch AUTO:
- Bm nh lng Polyme vo my p bn hot ng khi bm cp bn vo my p bn
hot ng v mc ha cht trng bn phi cao hn mc cho php.

3.5.2. Cc s c xy ra v cch khc phc

STT

HIN TNG
Ph k

Hin th
1

sai

NGUYN NHN

CCH KHC PHC

in cc h

Thay

in cc d

Kim tra v v sinh nh k

Gi tr b sai lch

Hiu chnh nh k

ng truyn tn hiu sai

Yu cu nh sn xut kim
tra

Kim
sot qu

Ci t sai

iu chnh li

trnh sai

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a. Cha cp in cho bm

a. Kim tra v ng tt c
thit b iu khin bm (CB,
contactor, cng tc m my
ti t in).

b. Nc trong b qu t
2

Bm chm nc thi

b. Kim tra b ly tn hiu

mc nc trong b c hot

khng hot ng

ng tt khng?
c. Van my bm cha m
c. M van v iu chnh van
v tr thch hp.
d. Bm b chn vt l hay d. Kim ta bm tm cch
b s c
khc phc.
a. Cha cp in cho bm

Bm bn khng hot
ng

b. ng ng dn bn b

a. Kim tra v ng tt c cc
thit b iu khin.

nght

b. V sinh ng ng.

a. Bnh xe cng tc b d

a. Lau sch bnh xe cng tc.

b. Sai chiu quay

b. Kim tra motor v i li

chiu quay.

Lu lng thp
c. Van cha m ht
d. Mc nc thp

c. M ht van.
d. Phao b vng vt l,
khng hot ng.

a. Cha cp in cho bm
5

Bm nh lng ha
cht khng hot ng

b. C vt l nght trong
van ca u ht v u

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a. Kim tra v ng tt c
thit b iu khin bm (CB,
contactor, cng tc m my

34

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y.

ti t in).
b. V sinh u ht v u
y.

Cht lng nc u
6

vo khng t (cc ch
tiu nhim vt qu
mc cho php).

Ngun nc thi dc thi Kim tra nu c nghi ng v

ra t cc nh my cha t yu cu nh my khc
ch tiu thi vo khu cng phc kp thi. (c th s b
nghip

kim tra bng cch nhn mu,

mi v o pH ca nc thi).

a. Ch tiu a. Do pH u vo qu cao a. Kim tra pH u vo. Tng

pH khng hoc qu thp (vt qu cng sut ca bm NaOH
t.

ch tiu thit k) nn bm hoc HCL nu c th (bng

b. Ch tiu
Cht
lng
nc u
ra khng
7

NaOH v HCL vo khng cch iu chnh % ca bm

kp chnh pH.

BOD,

cp bch th cp vo bng tay

COD, SS,
N,

nh lng). trng hp

cho kp thi, nhng ch khi

khi cp vo nn theo di pH

khng t

t (cc

v cn thn khi s dng ha

ch tiu

cht.

nhim
vt qu
mc gii
hn).

b. C th do my lc rc,
b gt du m lm vic
khng hiu qu hoc hiu
qu km.

b. Kim tra v v sinh my

lc rc. Kim tra iu kin
lm vic ca b tch v my
gt du m, v sinh b nu
cn thit.

c. B SBR lm vic khng c. Tm hiu nguyn nhn v

hiu qu hoc km hiu c cch khc phc thch hp.
qu. Do cc nh hng c

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th l nh sau: pH, ch tiu pH bt thng hay du m

du m, gi tr DO, nng cn li nhiu trong nc thi
bn haotj tnh trong b cng lm nh hng n qu
SBR ...

trnh x l ca vi sinh.
Nu DO khng th kim
tra li my thi kh hoc x
bt bn d ra nu trong b c
nhiu bn d.
Kim tra nng kim loi
nng nu c nghi ng.
Cn nhiu yu t khc c th
gy nh hng n qu trnh
x l ca vi sinh.
V vy, ty thuc vo tng
tnh hung xy ra m chng
ta c cch khc phc c th,
thch hp.

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KT LUN V KIN NGH

KT LUN
Trong KCN Tn Bnh c tng s doanh nghip ang hot ng l 136, trong c 2
doanh nghip c mt phn din tch ngoi c h thng x l nc thi cc b, phn
din tch cn li nm trong KCN khng c hng mc pht sinh nc thi. Trong KCN c
36 Doanh nghip pht sinh nc thi sn xut trong c 12 doanh nghip c h thng
x l nc thi cc b.
Nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN Tn Bnh vi cng sut thit k
2000m3/ngy m c xy dng v vn hnh n nh n nay tuy nhin do nhu cu
sn xut ca cc x nghip tng cao nn nh my lm vic lin tc 24/24 v kt qu x
l ot tiu chun loi B theo TCVN 5945-2005.
Trong qu trnh thc hin cng tc vn hnh h thng v bo v mi trng ca
nh my XLNT tp trung KCN c nhng thun li v kh khn:
Thun li:
-

Hin trng mi trng nc thi c m bo, h thng x l nc thi tp trung

ca KCN Tn Bnh vi cng xut 2000m3/ngy m hot ng hiu qu v n nh
m bo cht lng nc thi u ra t tiu chn TCVN 5945 2005, ct B. Tt c
cc Doanh Nghip u ni h thng thot nc thi ni b v h thng thoat nc
chung ca KCN.

H thng thot nc ma v nc thi thun li lun m bo cho vn thot nc

trong ton KCN.

C cu ngnh ngh u t vo KCN a dng nhng ch yu l cc ngnh t gy

nhim mi trng v vy cha c s c mi trng nghim trng.

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Kh khn
-

Mt s Doanh Nghip vn cha quan tm n cng tc BVMT, c thi i ph

hoc c tnh x thi sai quy nh

Mc d ti KCN 100% Doanh Nghip tch ri v u ni h thng thot nc thi

ni b vo h thng thot nc chung ca KCN nhng qua cng tc kim tra h
thng thot nc cho thy nm 2009, vn cn mt s doanh nghip vi phm cng tc
x thi (nc thi vt thiu chun x thi, nc thi thot vo h thng thot nc
ma v ngc li) trong c cc trng hp Doanh Nghip x thi sai quy nh
nhiu ln v KCN cng bo co trng hp ny n c quan chc nng.

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KIN NGH
Ban hnh cc quy nh c th nhm tng cng vai tr ca ch u t KCN i vi
vic kim tra, gim st tnh hnh thc hin cng tc bo v mi trng ca cc doanh
nghip trong KCN.
Hng dn cho cc cng ty trong KCN thit k cng nh u ni h thng thot
nc ng quy nh.
Tng cng kim tra cc h ga gim st cht lng nc thi u ra ti cc h ga
ca nh my trong KCN kim sot cht ch vic x thi ng quy nh, pht hin kp
thi cc hnh vi vi phm v bin php khc phc.
Tuyn truyn, ph bin thng tin v QLMT v tip cn sn xut sch hn vo cc
doanh nghip trong KCN. ng thi tuyn dng cc doanh nghip c thnh tch
trong cng tc bo v mi trng.
i vi cc doanh nghip c cht lng nc thi sau sn xut khng t yu cu x
thi vo ht thng thot nc chung dn v nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN
th cn phi c h thng x l s b hoc tng cng p dng cc bin php sn xut sch
hn trong qu trnh sn xut.
Nng cp cng sut x l nc thi ca nh my ln 4000m3/ngy.m p ng
nhu cu x l nc thi cho KCN.
Nng cht lng nc u ra ln tiu chun loi A bng cch xy dng them h
thng b lc p lc.
Nng cao nhn thc cho cng nhn v cc doanh nghip h c trch nhim bo
v mi trng v m bo ngun nc cc b trong x nghip ca mnh.
Tn dng ngun nc qua x l cho cc x nghip sn xut vo trong qu trnh
lm mt thit b, ra sn, lm mt hay ti cy

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