1

LIST OF FORMULA AND DISTRIBUTION

INTERVAL ESTIMATION FOR ONE POPULATION

1.
2 2
x z x z
n n
o o
o o

| | | |
s s +
| |
\ . \ .
if o known

2.
2 2
s s
x z x z
n n
o o

| | | |
s s +
| |
\ . \ .
if o unknown and n > 30.

3.
, ,
2 2
s s
x t x t
n n
o o
v v

| | | |
s s +
| |
\ . \ .
with v = n 1 if o unknown and n < 30.

4.
2 2


pq pq
p z p p z
n n
o o
| | | |
s s +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
with p q 1 =


INTERVAL ESTIMATION FOR TWO POPULATIONS

1. ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 2 2
x x z x x z
n n n n
o o
o o o o

| | | |
+ s s + + | |
| |
\ . \ .
if o known

2. ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 2 2
s s s s
x x z x x z
n n n n
o o

| | | |
+ s s + + | |
| |
\ . \ .
if o unknown and n > 30.

3. ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
, ,
1 2 1 2 2 2
p p p p
s s s s
x x t x x t
n n n n
o o
v v

| | | |
| |
+ s s + +
| |
\ . \ .
if o unknown, equal and
n < 30 with
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 2
1 2
1 1
2
p
n s n s
s
n n
+
=
+
and v = 2
2 1
+ n n

4. ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
, ,
1 2 1 2 2 2
s s s s
x x t x x t
n n n n
o o
v v

| | | |
+ s s + + | |
| |
\ . \ .
if o unknown, unequal and
n < 30 with v = 2
2 1
+ n n .

5.
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 2 2

( ) ( )
p q p q p q p q
p p z p p p p z
n n n n
o o
| | | |
+ s s + +
| |
| |
\ . \ .



2
HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR ONE POPULATION

1. Statistical test:
n
x
z
/ o

= if o known

2. Statistical test:
/
x
z
s n

= if o unknown and n > 30.

3. Statistical test:
x
t
s n

= with 1 n v = if o unknown and n < 30.

4. Statistical test:
p p
z
pq n

= with 1 q p =



HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR TWO POPULATIONS

1. Statistical test:
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 1 2 2
( ) ( ) x x
z
n n

o o

=
+
if o known

2. Statistical test:
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 1 2 2
( ) ( ) x x
z
s n s n

=
+
if o unknown and n > 30.

3. Statistical test:
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 2

=
+
p p
x x
t
s n s n
with
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 2
1 2
1 1
2
+
=
+
p
n s n s
s
n n

and
1 2
2 n n v = + if o unknown, equal and n < 30.

4. Statistical test:
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 1 2 2

=
+
x x
t
s n s n
and
1 2
2 n n v = +
if o unknown, unequal and n < 30

5. Statistical test:
n s
d
t
d
d
/

= with 1 n v =

6. Statistical test:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 1 1 1
2 1 2 1


n q p n q p
p p p p
z
+

=



3
ONE WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SSA = ( )
2

x x n
i i
or SSA =
( ) ( )
n
x
n
x
ij
i
i
2 2

(
(

SSE = ( )
2
1
i i
n s or SSE =
( )


(
(

i
i
ij
n
x
x
2
2

SST =
2
2
x n x
ij

or SST =
( )

n
x
x
ij
ij
2
2


TWO WAYS ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SSA =
( )
2

i ij
b x x or SSA =
( ) ( )
ab
x
b
x
ij i
2 2

(
(

SSB =
( )
2

j ij
a x x or SSB =
( ) ( )
ab
x
a
x
ij j
2 2

(
(

SST =

2 2
x ab x
ij
or SST =
( )

n
x
x
ij
ij
2
2


SSE = SST SSA SSB.



CHI-SQUARE TEST

1. Test for the goodness of fit:
Statistical test:
( )
2
2
_

=

i i
i
O E
E
with 1 k m v = and
i i
E nP =

2. Test for independence:
Statistical test:
( )
2
2
_

=

ij ij
ij
O E
E
with ( )( ) 1 1 a b v =
and
n
L B
E
j i
ij
=



4
REGRESSION AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS

1. Sample regression equation:
0 1
= + y b b x

Slope regression coefficient,
1
=
xy
xx
S
b
S


Intercept regression coefficient,
0 1
= b y b x

2.
( )

=
n
x
x S
i
i xx
2
2

( )

=
n
y
y S
i
i yy
2
2

( )( )

=
n
y x
y x S
i i xy

3. Determination coefficient,
yy xx
xy
S S
S
r
2
2
=

4. Estimated standard error,
2
1

=
n
S b S
s
xy yy
e


5. Statistical test for the regression parameter,
1
| :

xx
e
S
s
b
t
2
1 1
|
= with v = n 2
6. Pearson correlation coefficient, =
xy
xx yy
S
r
S S



7. Statistical test for the correlation parameter, :

2
1
2
r
n
r t

= with v = n 2