1 NH Dang Acad 2012 Phan2d

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1
Bi 1. GII THIU V AUTOCAD

I. Gii thiu: Trong thi i ngy nay, vic v k thut bng tay khng cn ph bin na (khng c nng sut). Vic ng dng m y tnh v k thut l mt iu tt yu (tng nng sut v, tnh linh hot, trao i thng tin d dng trong nhm thit k). CAD l ch vit tt ca Computer Aided Design hoc Computer Aided Drafting c ngha l phn mm tr gip thit k hoc v bng m y tnh. S dng cc ph n mm CAD ta c th v cc bn v thit k 2 chiu, thit k m hnh ba chiu, tnh ton kt cu bng phng php phn t hu hn. Cc phn mm CAD c c im ni bt l: - Chnh xc. - Nng sut cao nh cc lnh sao chp. - D dng trao i d liu vi cc phn mm khc. AutoCAD l mt p hn mm khng th thiu trong cc lnh vc c lin quan n V k thut: C kh Xy dng Kin trc in Mi trng a chnh... Chnh v kh nng ng dng rng ri m AutoCAD tr nn ph bin nht Vit Nam hin nay so vi nhng phn mm v k thut khc v: gi r, a nng, t hn thin, d s dng. AutoCAD c nghin cu v pht trin bi hng AutoDesk, l m t trong nhng phn mm V k thut ra i sm n ht. (1986). Qua qu trnh pht trin khng ng ng, AutoCAD c nhiu phin bn: + R1R14 => Th h th nht. + 2000, 2002,,2006 => Th h th hai. + 20072009 => Th h th ba. + 20102012 => Th h th t. => Mt s ci tin vt bc. AutoCAD 2012 ra i vo nm 2011, vi nh ng t nh nng mnh m , gip cc nh thit k lm vic c hiu qu hn, s qun l cht ch bi cc rng buc, mt th vin mi v vt liu m nhng thng s v vt liu c t h thay i d dng theo cc tiu chun II. Khi ng Chng Trnh AutoCAD: khi ng AutoCAD2012 ta chn biu tng v nhp p phm tri chut. N u khng c biu tng ny ta vo Start/Program v gi AutoCAD 2012. III. Cc mi trng lm vi c trong AutoCAD 2012 Trong AutoCAD 2012 c 4 mi tr ng lm vic: 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D Modeling, 3D Basics; AutoCAD Classic i vi mi trng 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D Modeling v mi trng 3D Basics thanh cng c c a ra ngoi, khng s dng Pulldown menu. Gip ng i dng c ci nhn trc quan hn v cng vic s lm. Cc nt lnh c ch thch km theo, c hnh nh minh ho, d dng hn cho ngi mi bt u lm quen vi AutoCAD. i vi nhng ngi tng s dng AutoCAD ca nhng phin bn trc, vic s dng AutoCAD 2012 s tr nn kh kh n do giao din mi, do bit c iu ny m AutoDesk to thm mt mi trng na, l: AutoCAD Classic. Giao din ny hon ton ging vi nhng phin bn tr c y, vi pulldown menu, vi cng c v c b
Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL Webs ite: http:// aic.hcmu af.edu.vn/ -1 -
tr trn thanh cng c V quan trng hn c l nhng tnh nng m i nh Parametric, MeshModeling, c cp nht thm vo. IV. Mn hnh lm vic trong AutoCAD2012 Mn hnh lm vic trong CAD bao gm: - Graphi cs Area: Vng ha l vng t a th hin bn v. Mu mn hnh ha c nh bi trang Display ca hp thoi Options, Window Elements (Lnh Options). - Cross - hair: Hai si tc theo phng trc X v trc Y giao nhau ti 1 im. T a im giao nhau th hin cui mn hnh (hnh 1.1). Chiu di hai si t c c nh bi trang Display ca hp thoi Options , Crosshair size. - UCSicon : Biu tng h to ca ngi s dng (User Coordinate System Icon) nm p ha gc tri cui m n hnh. T a c t h m hoc tt biu tng ny bng lnh UCSicon. - Status line : Dng trng thi AutoCAD 2012 nm p ha di vng ho. Ti y hin th cc trng thi: gi tr ta (Coordinate values ), cc trng thi v (Drawing tools): (INFER, SNAP, G RID, ORTHO , POLAR, OSNAP, 3DOSNAP, OTRACK, D UCS, DYN, LWT, TPY, QP, SC), xem nhanh t nh cht i tng, Model, Layout, iu khin cc trng thi ny ta nhp phm tri chut vo biu t ng trng thi hoc dng phm chc nng. Status line c th th hin dng Icon, hoc dng tn Status, ta chuyn i bng cch Righ t click vo cc Status chn hoc b du check dng Use Icons. Dng Icon: Dng tn Status:
Ribbon Cross hair Graphic area
UCS icon Command line Status line
Hnh 1.1. Cu trc mn hnh ha - To : AutoCAD 2012 cho to nm pha gc tri pha d i vng ho. Hin ln to tuyt i ca con chy (giao im ca hai si tc). Khi khng t hc hin cc lnh th to hin ln l to tuyt i, s u tin l honh (trc X), s th hai l tung (trc Y).
Khi ang t hc hin cc lnh v v hiu chnh th t a c th lm xut hin to cc tng i bng cch nhn phm F6. Do , ta c th dng phm F6 tt m to hoc chuyn t to tuyt i sang to cc tng i. - Menu bar: Thanh ngang danh mc, nm pha trn vng ho. AutoCAD 2012 mc nh khng c thanh ny, lm xut hin n ta click tri chut vo v tr sau nh du vo mc Show Menu Bar c 13 tiu . M i tiu cha m t nhm lnh ca AutoCAD . Cc tiu AutoCAD 2012: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimension, Modify, Parametric, Window, Help v Express. - Command line: Dng lnh c t nht 2 dng pha di mn hnh ho. y l ni nhp lnh hoc hin th cc dng nhc ca my (cn gi l dng nhc Prompt line ). Vng ny l vng m ta trc tip i t hoi vi my. - Ribbon: Ribbon t ng hin th khi bn m mt file, n bao gm cc bng ch a t t c cc cng c cn thit to bn v ca bn. Ribbon ch c mi trng 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D Modeling, 3D Basics. - Pull- down menu: Danh mc ko xung, khi ta chn mt tiu s xut hin mt danh m c ko xung. Ti danh mc ny ta c th gi cc lnh cn thc hin. - Scroll bar: Thanh cun gm c: thanh bn phi ko mn hnh (vn bn v ha) ln xung, thanh ngang pha di vng ha dng ko m n hnh t tri sang phi hoc ng c li. V. Cc phm tt gi lnh F1 : Thc hin lnh Help. F3 hay l Ctrl+F : Tt m ch truy bt im thng tr (Running Osnap). F5 hay Ctrl+E: Trong hp thoi Drafting Settings, trn trang Snap and Grid trong chn Snap Type ta chn l Isometric Snap th phm ny dng chuyn t m t chiu trc o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc. F6 hay Ctrl+D: COORDS - ON/OFF Dng hin th ng to khi thay i v tr trn mn hnh. F7 hay Ctrl+G : GRID - ON/OFF Dng m hay tt m ng l i im (Grid). F8 hay Ctrl+L: ORTHO - ON/OFF Khi th loi ny c m th ng thng lun l ng thng ng hay nm ngang. F9 hay Ctrl+B : SNAP ON/O FF Dng m hot t t SNAP. F10 : Tt hay m dng trng thi (Status line). Nt tri ca chut: Ch nh (Pick) mt im trn mn hnh, chn i tng hoc dng chn lnh t (Screen Menu) hay Menu Bar (Pull Down Menu). Nt phi ca chut : T ng ng vi phm Enter ( khi khai bo Tools/ Options/ Us er Preferences/ Right-click Customization) Shift + nt phi ca chut : Lm xut hin bn danh sch cc phng thc truy bt im. D anh sch ny gi l Curs or menu. Ente r, Space bar : Kt thc lnh, kt thc vic n hp d liu hoc th c hin li mt lnh trc . Esc : Hy b mt lnh hay mt x l ang tin hnh. R (Redraw) : Ty sch mt cch nhanh chng nhng du + (Blip Mode) trong bn v.
Up Arrow (mi tn hng ln): Gi li lnh thc hin trc ti dng Command v kt hp vi Down Arrow (Mi tn hng xung). Lnh ny ch th c hin khi t a nhn phm Enter. Cc phm tt khc: Ctrl + C : Sao chp cc i tng c chn vo Clipboard. Ctrl + X : Ct cc i tng c chn vo Clipboard. Ctrl + V : Dn cc i tng c chn trong Clipboard vo bn v. Ctrl + O : Thc hin lnh Open. Ctrl + N : Thc hin lnh New. Ctrl + S : Thc hin lnh Qsave. Ctrl + Z : Thc hin lnh Undo. Ctrl + Y : Thc hin lnh Redo. Ctrl + P : Thc hin lnh Plot/Print. Ctrl + A : Tt m nhm cc i tng c chn bng lnh Group. VI. Cc cch gi lnh: Ta c ba cch gi lnh: 1. Type in: Nhp lnh t bn phm 2. Pull- down: Nhp lnh t Sub menu. 3. Toolbars: Nhp lnh t biu tng 4. Screen m enu: Nhp lnh t danh mc m n hnh VII. H Trc To Trong AutoCAD 7.1. H to cc H to cc c s dng ph bin trong ton v ho, xc nh v tr c a cc hnh hnh hc trong mt phng hoc khng gian ba chiu. Trong AutoCAD, khi t a dng h to cc, nhp to vo bn v th ta nhp cc gi tr s ca honh , tung nu t a ang v hai chiu (2D) v thm cao nu ta v thit k ba chiu (3D). 7.2. H to cc To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong m t phng XY. To cc ch nh khong cch 1 im so vi gc to (0,0) v gc so vi ng chun (trc X hoc Y) tu ta t hit lp. nhp to c c t a nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du b hn <. 7.3. Lnh UCSicon Lnh UCSicon dng iu khin s hin th ca biu tng h to . Command: UCSicon Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/Origin/Properties]<ON>: (chn la chn) Cc la chn ON (OFF) M (t t) biu tng t o trn mn hnh. All th hin biu t ng to trn mi khung nhn. Noorigin biu tng to ch xut hin ti gc tri pha di mn hnh. O rigin biu tng lun lun di chuyn theo gc to . Properties lm xut hin hp thoi UCS Icon. Trn hp thoi ny ta gn cc tnh cht hin th ca biu tng to .
Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL Webs ite: http:// aic.hcmu af.edu.vn/
-4 -
VIII. Thit lp bn v vi cc nh dng: Khi bt u thc hin mt bn v t a lun th c hin cc b c chun b nh : t l bn v (Scale), nh n v (Units), gii hn bn v (Limit v Zoom All), to lp (Layer ), gn mu v dng ng cho lp (Color v Linetype), nh t l dng ng (Ltscale), cc bin kch thc (Dimvariables), kiu ch (Text Style), bng tn v.v gim bt thi gian chun b cho mt bn v, tt c cc b c trn ta thc hin mt ln v ghi li trong mt th mc bn v gi l bn v mu (Template Drawing ). Trong AutoCAD 2012 c sn cc bn v mu theo ANSI (Tiu chun M), DIN (Tiu chun c), JIS (Tiu chun Nht Bn), ISO (Tiu chun quc t). 8.1 To bn v mi (Lnh New): Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in Toolbars File/New File/New New hoc Ctr+N Standard Command: New. Xut hin hp thoi: Select Template. Chn acadiso.dwt. Khi chn acadiso.dwt th n v v l mm.
8.2 nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Drawi ng Limits): Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in Toolbars Format/Drawing Limits FORMAT/ Limits Limits Lnh Limits xc nh kch th c vng ha bng cch nh cc im gc tri pha d i (Lower Left Corner) v gc phi pha trn (Upper Right Corner) bng ta X,Y. Command: '_limits . Reset M odel space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: 0,0. Specify upper r ight corner <420.0000,297.0000>:. Cc chn la: - ON: Khng cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn bn v nh. Nu ta v ra ngoi gii hn s xut hin dng nhc **Outside limits. - OFF: Cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn nh. - Lower left corner: Gc di pha tri. - Upper right corner: Gc phi pha trn. 8.3 nh n v bn v ( Lnh Units): Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in Toolbars Format/Units Format/Ddunits Units hay Ddunits Command: Units . Xut hin hp thoi DrawingUnits. Lnh Units nh n v di v n v gc cho bn v hin hnh. T heo tiu chun Vit Nam Length nn chn Decimal v Angle nn chn Decimal degrees. Cp chnh xc (Precision) chn 0.
Hng gc m cng chiu kim ng h. Nu khng chn th chiu dng ca gc l ngc chiu kim ng h. Direction : Chn ng chun v h ng o gc, khi chn s xut hin hp thoi Dire ction Control.
8.4 nh n v, t l bn v v khng gian v: (Lnh Mvsetup) Lnh M VSETU P dng thit lp trong khng gian m hnh v khng gian phng. S dng lnh ny ta c th nh n v, t l v gii hn bn v v chn ng vin vo bn v y l m t ch ng trnh c vit bng ngn ng AutoLisp. Command: mvsetup. Initializing... Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>: Enter units type [Scientific/ Decimal/ Engineering/ Architectural/ Metric]: M (Chn h n v thp phn). Enter the scale factor : G vo t l mun chn (Ch cn g vo mu s, AutoCAD ngm hiu t s l 1). Enter the paper width : G vo chiu rng bn v . Enter the paper height: G vo chiu cao bn v . AutoCAD s xut hin mt bn v c khung bn v hnh ch nht bao quanh gii hn bn v. Ty vo t l bn v, nh cc bin Ltscale (T l dng ng), Dimscale (T l dng ng kch thc) tng ng. Sau v khung tn cho bn v. 8.5 Lnh O rtho: Lnh Ortho thit lp ch v line theo phng X v Y. Menu bar Nhp lnh Phm tt Ortho F8 hoc Ctrl+L Command: Ortho . Enter mode [ON/O FF] <OFF>: Chn la chn.
-6 -
8.6 Thit lp mi trng v (Lnh O ptions): Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in Tools/options Tools/Options Options Khi mn hnh thc hin lnh Options xut hin hp thoi Options v nhiu la chn khc nhau. Sau y gii thiu mt s thit lp mi tr ng v. Trang Dislay: + thay i mu, font ch ca mn hnh ho ta chn nt color hoc font, khi s xut hin cc hp thoi t ng ng. + Thay i di hai si tc theo phng X, Y ta iu chnh thanh tr t Crosshair size. + iu chnh phn gii m n hnh ti Display resolution.
Trang Open and save: Sav e as: Chn phin bn AutoCAD lu bn v. Automatic sav e: M y t ng save li sau thi gian t chn. Trang U ser Preferences: Chn hoc khng chn hin th Shortcut menu trn ho bng cch chn vo shortcut menu in drawing area. Chn Right click Customization qui nh chut phi.
Trang D rafting: Cc l a chn ti ct Autosnap settings : + Marker: M hoc tt khung hnh k hiu im truy bt.
+ Magnet: M hoc tt ch Magnet . + Display AutoSnap Tooltip : Kim tra s hin th ca ch gii cng c AutoSnap. + Display AutoSnap Aperture Box : Kim tra s hin t h ca vung bt im (AutoSnap Aperture Box). AutoSnap Mark er Color: Ch nh mu cho AutoSnap Marker. AutoSnap Mark er size: Gn kch th c khi hin th cho AutoSnap Mark er. Aperture size : Gn ln ca vung truy bt.
Trang Sel ection: iu chnh ln nh ca con chy bng cch ko thanh tr t Pickbox size. Thay i ln v m u ca Grid ti ca s Grid.
-8 -
Bi 2. LAYER V CC CH TRUY BT IM
I. Khi nim v Laye r Trong bn v A utoCAD, cc i t ng c cng ch c nng s c nhm thnh m t lp layer, layer l mt mt phng trong sut ch a cc i tng c cng ch c nng, dng t ch c v qun l chng trong bn v .
1.1. Ta c th gn chng vi c c tnh cht sau: Tn Lp: name; Dng ng: linetype ; Mu: color; Chiu rng nt: lineweight 1.2. ngha ca vic to layer: Khi to lay er s cho chng ta in mt cch d dng bi khi ta gn mt layer n c y cc tnh nng khi in m t bn v nu qun l tt v lay er cho ta thy c tnh thm m ca bn v v tc phong lm vic ca ng i thit k, trong mt bn v vic to nhiu layer s lm cho vic thit k cc chi tit phc tp s tr nn d dng v n gin hn. II. S dng Laye r trong bn v 2.1. To v gn tnh cht cho lp Cch G i Lnh: Comm and: la Format\ Layer 2.2. Cc Trng Thi Ca Lp Tt\ m (O FF \ O N): Khi m t lp c tt th cc i tng nm trn lp khng hin ln mn hnh. Cc i t ng ca lp c tt vn c th c chn nu nh ti dng nhc Select objects. ca lnh hiu chnh ( Eras e, Move, Copy) ta dng la chn All chn i tng. ng bng\ tan bng (Freeze\ Thaw): Cc i t ng ca lp ng bng khng xut hin trn m n hnh v ta khng t h hiu chnh cc i tng ny k c la chn All. Lp hin hnh khng th ng bng. Kha v m kha (Lock\ Unlock): i t ng ca lp b kha s khng hiu chnh c, tuy nhin ta vn thy trn m n hnh v c th in chng c. Ta khng th chuy n cc i tng sang lp b kha.
Hnh 2.1 H p thoi Layer Propeties Maneger

III Cc ch truy bt im 3.1. Ch Truy Bt im Tm Tr Cch 1 : Dng t hp phm SHIFT + R ight Click xut hin sub menu truy bt im: Mt s phng thc truy bt im trn i tng thng dng: CENter: im t m ENDpoint: im cui MIDpoint: im gia INTe rsection: im Giao Q UAdrant : im phn t ng trn PERpendicula r: im vung gc TANgent: im tip tuyn Mid Between 2 Points: im gi a ca 2 im
Cch 2: Nhn lnh t t: 3 ch u ca truy bt im. 3.2. Ch truy bt im thng tr mc nh ch truy bt im thng tr ta vo Tool/ Drafting Settings/ Chn tab Object Snap, hoc bm phm phi chut vo OSNAP, chn Settings. Xut hin hp thoi Drafting Settings, tab Object Snap, ta nh du vo cc ch truy bt im thng dng.
Hnh 2.2 Hp thoi truy bt im IV. Cc phng php nhp ta im Cch 1: dng phm nhp bng cch click tri chut. Cch 2: dng to tuy t i: to ca im c xc nh t 0(0,0) + Nhp to (X,Y) ca im theo gc O (0,0). + Nhp to (D<) ca im theo gc O (0,0) Cch 3: dng to tng i: d a trn im nhp cui cng trn bn v. + Nhp to (@X,Y) ta X,Y ca im mi theo im nhp cui cng. + Nhp to (@D<) ta c c ca im mi so vi im nhp cui cng. Cch 4: Nhp theo khong cch. Khi ch ORTHO l ON (mt ta bng 0), ta dng Cursor nh hng, nhp khong cch ca i tng cn v v nhn Enter kt thc.
Trung tam tin hoc ng dun g H NL Webs ite: http:// aic.hcmu af.edu.vn/ - 10 -
V. Vn chn i tng 5.1/ Pickbox S dng chn, mi ln ta ch chn c 1 i tng. Ti dng nhc Select object xut hin vung, ko i tng ny giao vi i tng cn chn v nhp chut tri. 5.2/ Auto Ti dng nhc Select object t a chn hai im xc nh khung c a s. Nu im u tin bn tri, im th hai bn phi th nhng i tng no nm trong khung ca s mi c chn (t ng t cch chn Window). Nu im u tin bn phi, im th hai bn tri th nhng i tng no nm trong v giao vi khung c a s s c chn (tng t cch chn Crossing Window).
Auto (Crossing) Auto (W indow) 5.3/ Window S dng khung ca s la chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select object ta nhp W. Chn 2 im P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i tng no nm trong k hung c a s s c chn. 5.4/ Crossing Window S dng ca s ct chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select object ta nhp C. Chn 2 im P1 v P2 xc nh khung c a s, nhng i tng no nm trong hoc giaovi khung ca s s c chn.
Window
Crossing W indow
5.5/ Fence La chn ny cho php nh cc im to mt ng ct bao gm nhiu phn on, i tng no giao vi ng ct ny s c chn. Ti dng nhc Select object ta nhp F. VI. Ghi bn v thnh file. 6.1. Lnh Save: Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in Toolbars File/Save File/Save Sav e or Ctr+S Standard Command: Sav e . Lnh Save dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh m t tp tin c t tn.
- 11 -
6.2. Lnh Save As Pull- down menu Screen menu File/Save as File/Save as Command: Sav e as . Xut hin hp thoi: Save Drawing As. Lnh Save As dng ghi bn v hin hnh vi 1 tn khc hay t tn ln u tin cho bn v (lc cha c t tn, bn v c tn tm thi l Drawing ), cc b c thc hin nh sau: Chn ng dn trong Save in, t t n trong File Name, Chn phin bn AutoCAD trong : Files of As Type.
Type in Sav e as
Toolbars
VII. Hu b lnh c thc hin (Lnh Undo, U): Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in Edit/ Undo Edit/ Undo Undo,Uhay Ctrl+Z
Tool bars Standard
Command: Undo . Lnh Undo dng hu b ln l t cc lnh th c hin tr c trn bn v hin hnh. VIII. Lnh re do: Pull- down menu Edit/ Redo
Screen menu Edit/ Redo
Type in Redo hay Ctrl+Y
Toolbars Standard
Command: Redo . Lnh Redo dng sau cc lnh U hoc Undo phc hi m t lnh va hy tr c .
- 12 -
Bi 3. CC LNH V C BN
I. Lnh Line: Cng dng: Dng v ng thng. Cch gi lnh Ri bbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/Draw panel/ Line Draw/ Line Line hay L Draw Dng lnh: Command: line Specify firs t point: Chn im u ng thng Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo ca ng thng. Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo hoc ent er kt thc lnh Specify next point or [Close/Undo](khi v c trn ba im): chn hoc g im t ip theo. G U : Hy b phn on va v. G C : ng kn bin dng bng ng thng. II. Lnh Circle Cng dng: dng v hnh trn. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/Draw panel/ Circle Draw/ Circle/ Circle hay C Draw drop down/ Chn cch v Chn cch v Dng lnh: Command: C (hay Circle) . Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Chn t m ng trn hay chn cc la chn. Specify radius of circle or (Diameter): Nhp bn knh ng trn hoc Nhp D nhp ng knh. Cc chn la: 3P: V ng trn qua ba im. 2P: V ng trn qua 2 im. Ttr: V ng trn qua 2 im tip tuyn v bn knh. Tan, tan, tan: V ng trn qua 3 im t ip tuyn. III. Lnh Polygon Cng dng: Dng v hnh a gic u. Cch gi lnh Ribbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Draw panel/ Rectange Draw/ Polygon Polygon hay Pol Draw drop down/ Polygon Dng lnh C ba cch v a gic u trong AutoCAD 2012 1/ a gic ngoi tip ng trn (Circumscribe d about Circle): Khi cho tr c bn knh ng trn ni tip (khong cch t tm vng trn n trung im mt cnh).
Command: Polygon . Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic. Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn tm a gic Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Nhp C v theo a gic ngoi tip ng trn. Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ni t ip. 2/ a gic ni tip ng trn (Inscri be d in ci rcle): Khi cho tr c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ( khong cch t tm vng trn n nh a gic). Command: Polygon . Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn tm a gic. Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Nhp I Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip. 3/ Nhp ta mt cnh ca a gic (Edge ): Khi cho tr c chiu di m t cnh ca a gic u. Command: Polygon . Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic. Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp E v theo cnh. First Ending of Edge: nh im u. Second Endpoint of Edge: nh im th 2. V Polygon l 1 a tuyn nn ta c th dng Pedit hiu chnh hay dng Explode ph v chng thnh nhng i t ng n. IV. Lnh Rectang Cng dng: dng v hnh ch nht. Cch gi lnh: Ri bbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Draw panel/ Draw/ Rectangle Rectangle hay Rec Draw Rectangle drop down/ Rectangle Dng lnh Command: rectang . Specify firs t corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Cc la chn: Ti dng nhc: Specify firs t corner point or Chamfer/Elev ation/Fillet/Thick ness/Width] G C (Chamfer) : vt 4 nh hnh ch nht. G F (Fillet) : Bo trn 4 nh ca hnh ch nht. G E (Elevation): nh cao ca hnh ch nht. G T (Thickness): nh dy ca hnh ch nht. G W (Width): nh chiu di nt v cnh ca hnh ch nht.
- 14 -
Bi 4. CC LNH V HNH (tt)

I. Lnh Xline Cng dng: v ng dng hnh l ng thng c di v hn. Cch gi lnh Ribbon Menu Command Toolbars Draw/ Xline hay Xl Draw Home tab/ Draw panel/ / Construction line Construction Line Dng lnh: Command: xline Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Chn 1 im hoc chn cc la chn. Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua. Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua hoc enter kt thc lnh. Cc chn la: Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: L a chn mc nh dng xc nh im th nht m X Line s i qua. Ti dng nhc Specify through point: xut hin sau c th chn thm mt im bt k hoc dng cc phng thc truy bt im. - Hor: T o xline nm ngang - Ver: T o xline thng ng - Ang: T o xline hp vi ng trc x 1 gc. Reference/<Enter angle ()>: Nhp gc hoc la chn R la chn ng tham chiu. Nu ta p R ti dng nhc * Select a line object: Chn ng tham chiu. * Enter Angle: Chn gc vi ng tham chiu. * Specify through point: Chn im i qua ca xline - Bisect: To X Line i qua phn gic mt gc xc nh bi ba im. im u tin xc nh nh ca gc, hai im sau xc nh gc. - Offset: To X Line song song vi mt ng c sn (tng t lnh Offset): Offset distance or through: Nhp khong cch hay chn T. Select a line object: Chn i t ng m X Line s song song. Side to Offset: X Line nm v pha no ca i t ng c chn. Select a line object: T ip tc chn i hoc En ter kt thc lnh. II. Lnh Arc Cng dng: dng v cung trn. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Draw panel/Arc drop Draw/ Arc/ Cc Arc hay A Draw down/ Chn cc ph ng thc v phng thc v Dng lnh: v m t cung trn chng t a c nhiu cch
- 15 -
Center
Angle (m c nh gc d ng) Lengt h of Chord End point Angle Direction Radius Center point End Point Angle Lengt h of Chord End point
St art point End ARC Center
Second Point St art
III. Lnh Pline Cng dng: Lnh Pline thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. Lnh Pline c 3 c im ni bt sau: 1/ Lnh Pline to cc i tng c chiu rng Width , cn Line th khng. 2/ Cc phn on Pline lin kt thnh i tng duy nht, cn Line cc phn on l cc i t ng n. 3/ Lnh Pline to nn cc phn on v cc on thng hay cung trn Arc.
Lnh Pline c th va v cc phn o n l on thng v cun g trn l s kt hp gia lnh Line v Arc.
Cch gi lnh Ribbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Draw panel/Pline Draw/ Pline Pline hay Pl Draw Dng lnh Command:pline. Specify start point: Chn im u. Curr ent line-width is 0.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip theo hoc chn cc la chn. Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth /Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip theo hoc chn cc la chn. 1/ Ch v on thng: Cc chn la: Close: ng Pline bi m t on thng. Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn on sp v: * Starting Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy u phn on * Ending Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy cui phn on. Length: V tip mt phn on c ph ng chiu nh on thng trc . Undo: Hy b phn on v a v. Width: nh chiu rng phn on sp v (thao t c tn ng t lnh Half W idth). 2/ Ch v cung trn:
Cc chn la: Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: Halfwidth, Width, Undo: Tng t nh ch v on t hng. Angle: Tng t lnh ARC khi t a nhp A s c dng nhc. * Included angle: Nhp gi tr gc t m. * Center/Radius/<endpoint>: Chn im cui, tm hoc bn knh. Center:T ng t nh lnh ARC khi nhp CE s c dng nhc: * Center point: Nhp ta t m. * Angle/Length/<End point>: Close: ng Pline bi mt cung trn. Direction: nh hng ca ng tip tuyn vi im u tin ca cung. Khi ta nhp D s xut hin dng nhc: * Direction From Starting Point: Nhp gc hay chn h ng. * End point: Nhp ta im cui. Radius: Xc nh bn knh cong ca cung, khi ta p R s xut hin dng nhc: * Radius: Nhp gi tr bn knh. * Angle/<End Point>: Nhp im cui. Second pt: Nhp to im th hai v im cui c th xc nh cung trn i qua 3 im. Khi ta p S s c dng nhc: * Second point: Nhp im t h hai. * End Point: Nhp im cui. Line: Tr v ch v on thng.Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Secondpt/Undo/W idth]: Nu ti dng nhc v cung ca a tuyn ta nhp ta im cui (hay chn, truy bt im) th ta s c mt cung trn tip xc vi phn on trc . IV. Lnh S pline Cng dng: Lnh Spline dng v ng cong NU RBS (Non Unifom Rational Bezier Spline). Lnh Spline c th to cc ng cong c bit nh: Arc, Circle, Ellipse Fit point ng Spline ny khc vi Pline Spline (ng Spline to t a tuyn Pline vi la chn Spline ca lnh Pedit ). ng Spline s i qua tt c cc im m ta chn, cn ng Pline Spline c Control Vertice ko v cc nh a tuyn. Do , ta dng lnh Spline to ng cong chnh xc hn Pline. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Draw/ Spline/ Fit Spline hay Spl Draw Home tab/ Draw panel/ /Spline points hoc Control Fit hay Spline CV Vertices Dng lnh Ty thuc vo bn t o spline vi fit points hoc vi control vertices m dng nhc s xut hin: Vi Spline to vi Fit points:
Specify first point or [Method/Degree/Object]: Vi Spline to vi Control Vertices: Specify first point or [Method/Knots/Object]: First point: Xc nh im u ca Spline, n c th l l im Fit point hoc Control point ph thuc vo phng php v hin hnh. Method: L a chn phng php v Sp line, g F v Fit point, g CV v control point. Object: Chuyn 2D hoc 3D poly line bc 2 hoc bc 3 v sp line tng ng. Next point: Xc nh im tip th eo ca Sp line. Undo: hy b nh v a v. Close: ng spline. Cc la chn cho Spline v i Fit Points: Knots: Ch nh tham s nt, mt trong nhng phng php xc nh ng cong thnh phn gia cc fit points ni m spline c un. Chord (or Chord-Length method): khong cch nhng nt kt ni mi ng cong thnh phn t l thun vi mi cp lin kt ca cc im ph hp. Square Root (or Centripetal method): khong cch nh ng nt kt ni mi ng cong thnh phn t l thun vi cn bc hai ca k hong cch gia hai im ph hp. Uniform (or Equidistant method): khong cch gia cc im nt bng nhau bt k khong cch gia cc im ph hp. start Tangency: X c nh tip tuyn vi im u ca Spline. end Tangency: Xc nh tip tuyn vi im cui ca Spline. Tol erance: Xc nh khong sai lch ca Spline so vi im la chn.
Cc la chn cho Spline v i Fit Points: Degree: Xc nh bc ca Spline, ti a l 10. V d bc 1: ng thng, bc 2: parabol, bc 3 ng cong bc 3, V. Lnh Ellipse Cng dng: dng v Elip Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Draw panel/ Ellipse Draw/ Ellipse/ Ellipse hay El Draw drop down/ Chn cch v Ellipse Cch v Ellipse Dng lnh C H ai Cch V Elip Cch 1: V theo tm Elip Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [ arc/center]: C. specify center of axis : Nhp im tm elip specify endpoint of axis: Nhp na trc 1 ca elip. specify distance to other axis or [rotation ]: Nhp chiu di na trc cn li. Cch 2: V theo trc elip.
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Chn 1 im ca trc elip. Specify other endpoint of axis: Chn im th 2 ca trc elip Specify distance to other axis or [Ro tation] : Nhp chiu di n a trc cn li. V Cung ellipse: Command: Ellipse . Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: a. Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Nhp ta hoc chn im cui 1 ca trc th nht. Specify other endpoint of axis: Nhp ta hoc chn im cui 2 ca trc th nht. Specify distance to other axis or [Ro tation]: Khong cch na trc th hai. Specify start angle or [Parameter]: Chn im 1 hay nhp gi tr gc - y l gc gia trc t a v a nh vi ng thng t tm n im u cung. Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: Chn im 1 hay nhp gi tr gc - y l gc gia trc t a va nh vi ng thng t t m n im cui cung. Ch : Nu ch Snap ang trng thi Isometric th lnh ellipse c thm la chn Isocircle cho php ta v ng trn trong hnh chiu trc o (bin thnh Ellipse). X. Cc lnh v im: 10.1. Lnh Point Cng dng: Dng v im Cch gi lnh: Ri bbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Draw panel/ / Point Draw/ Point/ Single point Point hay Po Draw hay Multiple points drop down/ Multiple points Specify a point: Nhp im cn v. 10.2. Lnh Divide: Cng dng : Chia i tng thnh cc on bng nhau. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Point/ Divide hay Div Draw Home tab/ Draw panel/ / Divide Draw/ Divide Dng lnh: Command: divide. Select object to divide: Chn i t ng cn chia. Enter the number of segments or [Block]: Nhp s on cn chia. 10.3. Lnh Measure: Cng dng : Chia i tng thnh cc on c chiu di bng nhau. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Draw panel/ Measure Draw/ Point/ Measure hay Me Draw Measure Dng lnh: Command: measure. Select object to measure: Chn i tng cn chia. Specify length of segment or [Block] : Nhp chiu di on chia.
VIII. Lnh Point Style: Cng dng : hiu chnh cch th hin im Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Home tab/ Hom e tab/ Utilities Format/ Point Style Ddptyle panel / Point Style Dng lnh Command: DDPTYPE Xut hin hp thoi Point Style. Ta chn hnh dng im cn hin th
Tool bars
- 20 -
Bi 5.
CC LNH HIU CHNH

I. Lnh Erase Cng dng : Dng xa i t ng. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Erase Modify/ Erase Erase hay E Modify Dng lnh: Lnh Erase dng xo cc i tng ta chn, thng th ng sau khi dng lnh Erase ta th c hin lnh Redraw (R) lm sch bn v. Command: erase . Select objects: (Chn i t ng cn xa). Select Objects: (Chn i t ng cn xa). Select Objects: (Chn i t ng cn xa hoc chm dt chn i tng). II. Lnh Copy Cng dng : Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng tnh t in v sp xp chng theo v tr xc nh.
Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la chn ny dn g sao chp nhi u bn t nhm cc i tn g c chn.
Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Copy Modify/ Copy Copy hay Co, Cp Modify Dng lnh: Command: COPY Select objects: (Chn i t ng cn Copy). Select objects: (Chn i tng cn copy hoc chm dt chn i t ng) Specify base p oint or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>: Chn im chun hoc cc la chn . Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: Chn im n hoc l a chn Array. Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Chn im tip theo hoc la cc la chn. Cc la chn: - Displacement: nh khong cch gia 2 i tng copy. - mOde: iu khin ch lp li o Single: To 1 i tng copy sau kt thc lnh. o Multiple: Copy nhiu i tng. - Array: To dy i tng Copy theo ng thng. o Number of Items to Array: S i tng copy, bao gm c i tng gc. o Second Point: nh khong cch gia 2 i t ng tnh t im chun. o Fit: nh tng khong cch array - Exit:Thot lnh - Undo: Hy b i tng v a copy.
III. Lnh Mirror Cng dng : Dng i x ng i tng qua mt trc. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Mirror Modify/ Mirror Mirror hay M i Modify Dng lnh: Command: Mirror . Select object : Chn i tng i xng Select object : Chn t ip i tng hoc enter kt thc. Specify firs t point of mirr or line: Chn im u ca trc i xng. Specify second point of mirror line : Chn im t h 2 ca trc i xng. Delete source object ? (Yes , No) <N>: Xa i tng mu hay khng? IV. Lnh O ffset: Cng dng : T o ra nhng ng trn ng tm, ng thng song song, v nhng ng cong song song. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/Offset Modify/ Offset Offset hay O Modify Dng lnh: Command: OFFSET Curr ent settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <5.0000>: X c nh khong cch Offset hay chn cc la chn Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Chn i t ng Offset hay chn cc la chn. Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: nh im t i tng. Cc la chn: - Through: nh im m i tng offset s i qua. - Erase: Xa i t ng gc (Yes) hay khng (No) - Layer: Chn layer cho i tng to ra: theo i tng gc (Source); hoc theo layer hin hnh (Current). - Exit: Thot lnh Offset - Multi ple: Lp li offset vi khong cch hin hnh. - Undo: Hy b i tng v a to ra. V. Lnh Move Cng dng : Dng di chuyn i t ng. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Move Modify/ Move Move hay M Modify Dng lnh: Command: Move . Select Objects : Chn i tng Select Objects : Chn t ip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn. Base Point or displacement: Nhp im chun Second Point or displacement: Nhp im di i.
VI. Lnh Trim Cng dng : Dng xn i tng Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/Tr im and Modify/ Trim Trim hay Tr Modify Extend drop down/ Tr im Dng lnh: Command: Trim . Select objects or <select all>: Chn i t ng gii hn v nhn enter. Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Fence/ Crossing/ Project/ Edge/ eRase/ Undo]: Chn phn b i Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Fence/ Crossing/ Project/ Edge/ eRase/ Undo]: Chn phn b i. VII. L nh Extend Cng dng : Dng ko di i t ng n mt i tng khc. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/Tr im and Modify/ Extend Extend hay Ex Modify Extend drop down/ Extend Dng lnh: Command: Extend . Select objects or <select all>: Chn i t ng gii hn cn ko n. Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn phn cn ko dn ra..
- 23 -
Bi 6.
CC LNH HIU CHNH (tt)

I. Lnh Array Lnh Array dng sao chp i tng c chn thnh dy hnh ch nht (Rectangular), dy sp xp theo mt ng dn (Path) hay sp xp chung quanh t m (Polar). Command: Arr ay . Select objects: Chn i t ng. Enter array type [Rectangular/PAth/POlar] <Rectangular>: Chn cc la chn. a. Rectangular Array: Cch gi lnh Ri bbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Modify/ Arr ay/ Arrayrect Modify Array drop down Rectangular Arra y Dng lnh: Command: arrayrect Select objects: Chn i tng Select objects: Chn i tng hoc nhn Enter. Specify opposite corner for number of items or [Base point/Angle/Count] <Count>: Chn m t la chn hoc nhn Enter. Press Enter to accept or [ASsociative/ Base point/ Rows/ Columns/ Levels/ eXit] <eXit>: Chn mt la chn hoc nhn Enter. Items: Xc nh s lng i t ng Array. S dng con tr chut xc nh mt im t xc nh s lng i tng array. Count: Xc nh s hng v s ct. Space Items: S dng con tr chut xc nh mt im t xc nh khong cch hng v ct ca cc i tng array. Spacing: X c nh khong cch hng v ct. Base point: Xc nh im chun cho i tng Array. Key point: Vi block array, xc nh im chn cho block. Angle: Xc nh gc ca hn g array. Asso ciative: to ra block i t ng (y es) hay cc i tng c lp (no). Rows: s hng v khong cch gia cc hng. Express ion: xc nh gi tr bng cch s dng mt cng thc hoc mt phng trnh ton. Total: tng khong cch gi a hng u v hng cui. Columns: s ct v khong cch gia cc ct. Levels: S lp v khong cch gi a cc lp. Exit: Th ot lnh. b. Pol ar Array Cch gi lnh Ri bbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Modify/ Arr ay/ Arraypolar Modify Array drop down Polar Array
- 24 -
Dng lnh: Command: Arr aypolar Select objects: Chn i tng cn array. Specify center point of array or [Base point/ Axis of rotation]: Xc nh t m array hoc chn cc la chn. Enter number of items or [Angle between/ Expression] < last count>: Xc nh i tng array hoc chn cc la chn Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) or [Expression]: Nhp gc lp y hoc cc la chn. Press Enter to accept or [ASsociative/ Base point/ Items/ Angle between/ Fill angle/ ROWs/ Levels/ ROTate items/ eXit]<eXit>: Nhn Enter kt thc hoc chn cc la chn. Center point: xc nh tm ca polararray. Trc xoay l tr c Z ca UCS hin hnh. Base point: nh im chun ca Array. Keypoint: Vi block array, xc nh im chn cho block. Axis of rotation: nh trc xoay bng cch nh 2 im. Items: nh s lng i tng array. Express ion: xc nh gi tr bng cch s dng mt cng th c hoc mt phng trnh ton Angle Between: nh gc gia hai i tng Fill Angle: nh gc lp y. Asso ciative: to ra block i t ng (y es) hay cc i tng c lp (no). Rows: chnh s hng v khong cch v cao gia tng gia chng. Total: nh khong cch gi a hng u v hng cui. Levels: nh s lp v khong cch gia cc lp. Rotate Items: quay i tng khi sao chp hay khng? c. Path Array Cch gi lnh Ri bbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Modify/ Arr ay/ Arraypath Modify Array drop down Path Array Dng lnh Command: arraypath. Select objects: Chn i tng Select path curve: Chn ng dn. Enter number of items along path or [Orientation/Expression] <Orientation>: nhp s i tng hoc chn cc la chn. Specify base point or [Key point] <end of path curv e>: nh im chun hoc chn cc la chn. Specify direction to align with path or [2Points/Norm al] <current>:Nhn Enter hay chn cc la chn. Specify the distance between items along path or [Divide/Total/Expression] <Divide evenly along path>: nh khong cch hoc chn cc la chn. Press Enter to accept or [ASsociative/Base point/Items/Rows/Levels/Align items/Z direction/eXit]<eXit>: Nhn Ent er hay chn cc la chn.
Path curve : chn i t ng lm ng dn, i tng ny c th l: line, polyline, 3D polyline, spline, helix, arc, circle, hoc ellipse. Number of Items: nhp s l ng i tng. Orientation: iu khin cc i tng c chn l nh h ng li ng dn, trc khi chuyn n im u ca ng dn. 2 points: xc nh 2 im xc nh hng ca ng dn. Normal: i t ng c chn l php tuyn vi chiu ban u ca ng dn. Express ion: xc nh gi tr bng cch s dng mt cng th c hoc mt p hng trnh ton. Base point: nh im chun ca Array. Keypoint: Vi block array, xc nh im chn cho block. Distance Between Items: nh khong cch gi a hai i tng. Divide: chia i t ng dc theo chiu di ng dn. Total: nh khong cch gia i tng u v cui. Associati ve: to ra block i t ng (y es) hay cc i tng c lp (no). Items: hiu chnh s lng i tng array. Rows: chnh s hng v khong cch v cao gia tng gi a chng. Total: nh khong cch gi a hng u v hng cui. Levels: nh s lp v khong cch gia cc lp. Align Items: Sp xp cc i t ng tip xc vi h ng ng dn. Z Direction: iu khin vic duy tr trc Z hoc khong cch t nhin gia i tng dc theo 1 ng dn 3D. IV. Lnh Rotate Cng dng : Dng xoay i tng quanh m t im. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Rotate Modify/ Rotate Rotate hay Ro Modify Dng lnh: Command: Rotate . Select Objects : (Chn i tng cn quay) . Select Objects : (Chn i tng cn quay hoc chm dt chn i t ng). Base Point: (Chn im chun quay). <Rotation angle>/Preference: (Nhp gc cn xoay). V. Lnh Scale Cng dng : Phng t o hoc thu nh i t ng Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Scale Modify/ Scale Scale hay Sc Modify Dng lnh: Command: Scale . Select Objects: Chn i tng cn thay i. Select Objects : Chn t ip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn. Base Point: Chn im chun iu chnh t l. <Scale Factor>/ Reference: (Nhp gi tr t l, gi tr ny c th nh hn 1 hay ln hn 1 ty theo mun phng to hay thu nh).
VI. Lnh Stre tch Cng dng : Di v ko gin i t ng. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/ Stretch Modify/ Stretch Scale hay S Modify Dng lnh: Command: Stretch. Select objects: Chn phn cn di v ko gin i tng. Ta chn i tng kiu Crossing W indow, cc i tng nm hon ton trong vng chn s c di i, cc i tng giao vi vng chn s c ko dn ra. Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacem ent>: nh im chun. Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: nh im ko n. VII. L nh Break Cng dng : Ct i tng c chn gi a hai im. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Break hay Br Modify Home tab/ Modify panel/ / Break Modify/ Break Dng lnh: Command: Break . Select object: Chn i tng cn ct ta. Specify second break point or [Firs t point]: Chn im th 2 ca on b i. AutoCAD mc nh im th nht l im ta click chut ban u. C th nhn F nh li im th nht. VIII. Lnh Break at Point Cng dng: Dng tch mt i t ng h thnh 2 i tng c lp. im t ch l im m ta chn i tng thc hin lnh Break. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Break hay Br Modify Home tab/ Modify panel/ / Break Modify/ Break at Point Dng lnh: Command: break Select object:chn i t ng c on m ta mun xn t i im cn tch i tng. Specify second break point or [Firs t point]: _f Specify firs t break point: Chn im cn tch. Specify second break point: @ IX. Lnh Join Cng dng : Ni 2 hay nhiu i t ng thnh mt i tng. Cc i tng ni c th l: Line, Polyline, 3D Polyline, Arc, Elliptical Arc, Helix, Spline. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Modify/ Join Join Modify Home tab/ Modify panel/ / Join Dng lnh: Command: Join. Select source object or multiple objects to join at once: Chn i tng cn ni
Select objects to join: 1 found, 2 total: Chn i tng cn ni. 2 objects converted to 1 polyline X. Lnh Chamfe r Cng dng : Dng vt mp gc ca i t ng. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/Chamfer Modify/ Chamfer Chamfer hay Cha Modify and Fillet drop down/ Chamfer Dng lnh: Command: CHAMFER (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000 Select firs t line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: chn cnh th nht hay chn cc la chn. Select second line or shift-select to apply corner or [Distance/Angle/M ethod]: Chn cnh th 2 hay chn cc la chn thay i khong cch vt. Cc la chn: Undo: Hy b cng on va thc hin Pol yline: Vt ton th cc nh ca i t ng 2D polyline. Distance: Nhp khong cch cnh cn vt. Enter first chamfer distance <10.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt). Enter second chamfer distance <10.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt). Angle: Vt theo kch th c mt cnh v gc Enter chamfer length on first line <1.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt). Enter chamfer angle from the first line <0>: (Nhp gc vt). Trim: Xn hoc khng xn i tng mEthod: Chn phng php vt. Multiple: Vt nhiu nh vi kch th c khng i. XI. Lnh Fillet Cng dng : Dng bo trn nu l giao tuyn li v gc ln nu l giao tuyn lm. Cch gi lnh: Ribbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Modify panel/Chamfer Modify/ Fillet Fillet hay F Modify and Fillet drop down/ Fillet Dng lnh: Command: Fillet . Curr ent settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000 Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/M ultiple]: Chn cnh th nht hay chn cc la chn. Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]: Chn cnh th 2 hoc nhp R thay i bn knh Fillet Cc la chn: Undo: Hy b b c thc hin pha Pol yline: Bo trn tt c cc im ca gc. Radius: Nhp bn knh vo bo cung. Trim: Ging chamfer Multiple: Bo nhiu gc vi cng bn knh bo.
Bi 7.
GHI CH LN BN V
1/ TO KIU CH: Lnh Style (T rnh n Format/Text Style ). nh dng cc Font ch, ta theo cc trnh t sau y: Chn New , xut hin hp thoi: New Text Style, g vo Styl e N ame tn ca kiu ch. Chiu cao ca ch nhp vo Heigh Xem kiu ch v a t o nhp vo Pre view. Chn t l chiu rng ch ti Width factor. Chn nghing ch t i Oblique Angle. 2/ NHP DNG CH VO BN V (Lnh Dtext): Ri bbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Annotation panel /Multiline Draw/ Text/ Single Text hay Dt Modify Text drop-down/ Single Line line text Lnh Dtext (Dynamic Text) cho php nhp cc dng ch v o trong bn v t bn phm. Trong m t lnh Dtext ta c th nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v cc dng ch s xut hin trn m n hnh khi ta nhp t bn phm. Command: dtext . Curr ent text style: "tcvn" Text height: 20.6149 Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: Specify rotation angle of text <0>: Enter text: (G Text vo). Cc chn la: - Specify start point of text: im canh l tri dng ch. - Style: Chn mt trong cc kiu ch to lm kiu ch hin hnh, khi p S xut hin dng nhc ph: Style name (or?) . - Justify: Khi p J s xut hin dng nhc cho php ta chn cc im canh l khc nhau. - Rotation Angle <0.0000>: nghing dng ch. - Height: Chiu cao dng Text. 3/ NHP ON VN BN VO BN V (Lnh Mtext): Ri bbon Menu Command Tool bars Home tab/ Annotation panel /Multiline Draw/ Text/ Mtext hay T Modify Text drop-down/ Multiple text Multiple Text Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung ch nht. Command: Mtext . Command: _mtext Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 2.5 Specify firs t corner: im gc th nht on vn bn.
- 29 -
Specify opposite corner or [Height/ Justify/ Line spacing/ Rotation/ Style/ Width]: im gc i din hay l cc chn la cho vn bn. Sau , xut hin hp thoi Text Formating, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn nh cc phn m m vn bn khc.
Ta c th chn cc k t c bit bng cch chn cc Font ch c sn trong b Font ca AutoCAD 2012. 4/ LNH EDIT TEXT Menu Pointing de vi de Command Toolbars Modify/ Object/ Text/ Edit Double click a text object Ddedit hay Ed Text Ta c th g lnh hoc Double click vo dng ch cn hiu chnh s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting. 5/ LNH SCALETEXT: Ri bbon Menu Command Tool bars Text Annotation tab/ Text Panel/ /Scale Modify/ Object/ Scaletext Text/ Scale S dng lnh Scaletext bn c th nh t l cho ton b cc dng ch c chn m khng lm thay i cc im chn. 6/ LNH JUSTIFYTEXT: Ri bbon Menu Command Tool bars Text Annotation tab/ Text Panel/ / Modify/ Object/ Justifytext Text/ Justify Justify S dng lnh Justifytext ta c th thay i im chn cho ton b cc dng ch c chn m khng lm thay i v tr ca dng ch.
- 30 -
Bi 8.
V MT CT (Lnh Hatch):
Ri bbon Menu Command Toolbars Home tab/ Draw Panel/ Hatch Draw/ Hatch Hatch hay H Draw Dng lnh Hatch (Boundary Hatch) ta c th v k hiu vt liu trn mt ct trong mt ng bin kn. Command: Hatch . Xut hin hp thoi Hatch and Gradient. C 2 trang: - Trang Hatch: Type, Pattern, Swatch: Chn kiu v mt ct. Angle: Chn gc nghing c a m t ct. Scale: Chn t l mt ct. Preview Hatch: Xem trc mt ct c v. Apply: Thc hin lnh v k hiu m t ct. Pick point: Xc nh ng bin kn bng cch chn im nm bn trong. Select Objects: Chn ng bin kn bng cch chn i t ng bao quanh. - Trang Gradient: Chn s m u cho mt ct. Trnh t v mt ct bng lnh Bhatch: - T hc hin hnh ct. - Th c hin lnh Bhatch. Hp thoi Boundary Hatch and Fill xut hin. - Chn Pattern, chn mu m t ct cn thit. - nh t l m t ct. - Xc nh vng cn v bng mt trong hai phng php Pick point hay Select Objects. - Xem trc mt ct bng nt Preview, hiu chnh nu cn thit. - Nhn OK kt thc lnh Bhatch .
- 31 -
Bi 9.
GHI KCH THC TRN BN V

8.1. Cc thnh phn kch thc: Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y:
Cc thnh phn kch thc 1/ Dimension line (ng kch th c): c gii hn bi hai mi t n hai hai u. 2/ Extension line (ng dng): Thng thng ng dng l cc ng thng vung gc vi i t ng c ghi kch thc. 3/ Dimension text (Ch s kch thc): Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng c ghi kch th c. 4/ Arro wheads (Mi tn, gch cho): K hiu hai u ca mt ng kch th c, thng thng l mi t n, du nghing hay du chm. 8.2 . To cc kiu ghi kch thc
Hp thoi Dimension Style Manager To kiu k ch thc mi + Tab Lines: gn cc bin lin quan n s xut hin v kiu dng ca ng kch thc, ng ging, ng tm. + Tab Symbol s and arrows: gn cc bin lin quan n s xut hin v kiu dng ca m i tn, du t m.
Tab lines
Tab Symbols and arrows
+ Tab Text : gn cc bin lin quan n ch s kch thc. + Tab Fi t: gn cc l a chn chi phi Autocad nh v tr ng kch thc, ng ging v ch s kch th c.Ngoi ra cn nh t l cho to n b cc bin ca kiu kch thc.
Tab text Tab fit + Primary Units: gn dng v chnh xc cho n v kch th c gc v chiu di. + Alternate Units: gn dng v chnh xc ca h thng thay i n v (gia inch v milimeter).
Tab Primary Units Alternate Units + Tol erances: gn gi tr v chnh xc cho dung sai kch th c. Cui cng ta chn OK v ng hp tho i Dimension Style Manager.
Tab Tolerances
8.3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc Cc lnh ghi v hiu chnh kch th c AutoCAD 2012 c t h nm Home tab/ Annotation panel/ Linear drop down (Multileader dr op down) ; hoc nm Annotate tab/ Dimension panel (Leaders panel) hoc nm trong danh m c ko xung Dimension. Kiu Din gii Ghi kch thc t hng nm ngang, t hng ng v nghing. ng kch thc song song vi kch th c cn ghi. o chiu di cung Ghi to mt im. Ghi kch thc bn knh. Ghi bn knh Ghi kch thc ng knh. Ghi kch thc gc. Ghi chui kch thc song song Ghi chui kch thc ni tip To khong cch gia cc ng kch thc song song bng nhau, cng c th to cc ng kch th c thng hoc gc tr nn ni tip bng cch nhp gi tr bng 0. Ct mt phn kch thc. Ghi ch thch theo ng dn. Ghi dung sai v v tr. Ghi du tm Thm h oc b thng t in kim tra cho kch th c c chn. Thm h oc b mt ng gp khc ca kch th c thn g
- 34 -
BI THC HNH S 1.
1.3.1. V cc hnh sau bng lnh Line vi ta Decac tuyt i v tng i.
a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
f/
Hnh 1.1. 1.3.2. S dng lnh Line vi ta cc v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
c/
d/ Hnh 1.2.
e/
- 35 -
1.3.3. S dng lnh Line v cc h ta v cc hnh sau:
a/ b/
c/
d/ e/
f/ g/ Hnh 1.3
- 36 -
BI THC HNH S 2.
2.3.1. S dng lnh Polygon v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
f/
Hnh 2.1 2.3.2. S dng lnh Rectangle v cc hnh sau:
c/ Hnh 2.2. 1.3.3. S dng lnh Circle v cc lnh v hc v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
d/
a/
b/
c/
- 37 -
d/
e/
f/
g/
h/
i/
k/ j/ l/ Hnh 2.3.
- 38 -
BI THC HNH S 3
3.3.1 V cc hnh sau bng ch d im Polar Tracking
a/
b/
d/ Hnh 3.1. 3.3.2. S dng lnh hc v cc ch truy bt im v cc hnh sau:
c/
a/
b/
c/
d/
- 39 -
e/
f/ g/
h/
i/
j/ Hnh 3.2 3.3.3. Thc hin li bi tp 3.3. ca bi tp s 1 (hnh 1.3) v ghi cc kch thc nh yu cu ca bi.
- 40 -
BI THC HNH S 4
4.3.1 S dng lnh ARC v cc lnh hc v cc hnh sau:
a/
b/
c/
e/ Hnh 4.1 4.3.2 V cc hnh sau bng lnh PLINE:
d/
f/
b/ a/
c/
d/
- 41 -
e/
f/ g/
i/ h/ Hnh 4.2
- 42 -
BI THC HNH S 5
a/
b/
d/ c/
e/
f/
g/ h/
i/
j/
k/
l/
m/ n/
o/ Hnh 5.
p/
BI THC HNH S 6
a/
b/
c/ d/
e/
f/
- 45 -
g/
h/
i/
j/
l/ Hnh 6
- 46 -
BI THC HNH S 7
a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
f/
g/
h/
j/ i/
Hnh 7.
- 48 -
BI THC HNH S 8
a/
b/
c/
e/
- 49 -
f/
g/ Hnh 8.
- 50 -
BI N TP
9.1. 9.2. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp: Cc lnh v hnh v hiu chnh hc. Bi tp:
Hnh 9.1
Hnh 9.2
- 51 -
Hnh 9.3
- 52 -

1 NH Dang Acad 2012 Phan2d

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 NH Dang Acad 2012 Phan2d

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Bi 1. GII THIU V AUTOCAD

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ribbon Cross hair Graphic area

UCS icon Command line Status line

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Hnh 2.1 H p thoi Layer Propeties Maneger

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Tool bars Standard

Screen menu Edit/ Redo

Type in Redo hay Ctrl+Y

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Bi 4. CC LNH V HNH (tt)

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

St art point End ARC Center

Second Point St art

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

CC LNH HIU CHNH

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

CC LNH HIU CHNH (tt)

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

GHI KCH THC TRN BN V

Tab Symbols and arrows

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Hnh 1.1. 1.3.2. S dng lnh Line vi ta cc v cc hnh sau:

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

1.3.3. S dng lnh Line v cc h ta v cc hnh sau:

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Hnh 2.1 2.3.2. S dng lnh Rectangle v cc hnh sau:

c/ Hnh 2.2. 1.3.3. S dng lnh Circle v cc lnh v hc v cc hnh sau:

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

d/ Hnh 3.1. 3.3.2. S dng lnh hc v cc ch truy bt im v cc hnh sau:

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

e/ Hnh 4.1 4.3.2 V cc hnh sau bng lnh PLINE:

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1

Ba i giang Auto CAD2012 1