FIRE

SUPPORT
HANDBOOK

July 2004
 FIRE SUPPORT
HANDBOOK

The Distance Learning & Technologies Department (DLTD)

publishes and distributes this manual.

For additional copies or proposed changes contact

Director, Marine Corps Institute

Attn: Operations
Marine Corps Institute
912 Charles Poor Street SE
Washington Navy Yard DC 20391-5680

http://www.mci.usmc.mil
1-(800) MCI-USMC
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT

Indirect Fire

U.S. Artillery and Rocket Characteristics 1

U.S. Mortar Characteristics 3
Artillery/Mortar Template 5
Artillery/Mortar Call For Fire 6
Suppression of Enemy Air Defense 12
Illumination 13
Smoke 16
Final Protective Fire 19
Naval Gunfire Template 21
NGF Guns Up Ready to Fire Report 22
Naval Gunfire CFF 23

Close Air Support

U.S. Attack Fixed-Wing Aircraft 26

U.S. Attack Rotary-Wing Aircraft 28
Close Air Support 29
CAS Check-In Brief 30
CAS Multi-Mission “9-Line” Brief 31
In Flight Report 32
NATO Forward Air Controller to Attack Aircraft
Briefing 33
AC-130 Call-For-Fire 34
Landing Zone Brief 35
Aviation Brevity Terms 36

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS, Cont.

SUBJECT

Threat Capabilities

Threat Armor 37
Threat Armored Vehicles 38
Threat Attack Helicopters 39
Threat CAS Aircraft/Air Defense 40
Threat Missiles 41
World Artillery, Mortars, and Rocket Launchers 42
Ordnance Selection Guide 44

Fire Support Planning

Fire Support Coordination Measures 46

Common Military Symbols
Fire Support Coordination Measures Graphics 47
Targets 48
Positions, Frames, Unit Sizes 49
Unit Types 50
Weapons, Points, Maneuvers/Obstacles 51
Quick Fire Plan 52
Target List Worksheet 53
Scheduling Worksheet 54

Mission Templates

Artillery/Mortar 55
SEAD 56
Smoke 57
Naval Gunfire 58
GURF Report 59

Communications

Communications Frequency Chart 61

ii
 U.S. ARTILLERY and ROCKET CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 105mm1 105mm1 155mm 155mm 155mm1 227mm 227mm1 607mm1
Model M102 M119A1 M198 M777 M109A5/A6 HIMARS MLRS ATACMS

Projectiles HE, HC, HE, HC, HE, HC, WP, HE, HC, WP, HE, HC, WP, DPICM DPICM APAM
WP, WP, ILLUM, DPICM, ILLUM, DPICM, ILLUM, DPICM,
ILLUM, ILLUM, M825 SMK, M825 SMK, M825 SMK,
APICM APICM FASCAM, FASCAM, FASCAM,
Copperhead Copperhead Copperhead
Fuses PD, VT PD, VT PD, VT, MT, PD, VT, MT, PD, VT, MT, ET ET ET
MT, MT, MTSQ, ET, Delay MTSQ, Delay MTSQ, ET, Delay
MTSQ, MTSQ,
CP, Delay CP, Delay
Maximum 11,400 11,500 18,300 30,000 18,200 32,0001 32,0001 165,0001
Range (m) 22,0002 21,7002 45,000 45,000 300,000
60,000 60,000
Range of 15,300 19,500 30,100 40,000 30,000
RAP (m)
Range of 10,500 14,100 18,000 N/A 17,900
DPICM (m) 28,2003 28,1003
Minimum 8,000 10,000 25,000
Range (m) 15,000 13,000 70,000
 U.S. ARTILLERY and ROCKET CHARACTERISTICS, (Continued)

Caliber 105mm1 105mm1 155mm 155mm 155mm1 227mm 227mm1 607mm1

Maximum Rate 10 10 4 4 4 6/20 sec 12/40 2/20 sec
of Fire sec
(Rounds/min)
Sustained Rate 3 3 2 2 1
of Fire
(Rounds/min)
Illum Time 75 75 120 120 120
(sec)
HE Burst Width 35 35 50 50 50 100 100
(1 Round)

210 210 300 300 300 6 guns

FPF 6 guns 6 guns 6 guns 6 guns 150 3 guns

Notes: 1. U.S. Marine Corps units do not possess these weapons systems. However, Marine Corps units
may operate with Army units equipped with these weapons.
2. With M795 HE, M825 smoke ammunition
3. BBDPICM M864

See page 3 for additional information on projectiles and fuses under Legend.
 U.S. MORTAR CHARACTERISTICS
Caliber 60mm 81mm 120mm1
Model M224 M252 M285
Projectiles HE, WP, HE, WP, RP, HE, WP,
ILLUM ILLUM ILLUM
Fuzes MO MO MO
Maximum 3,5002 5,6003 7,200
Range (m)
Minimum 75 70 200
Range (m)
Maximum Rate 30 35 15
of Fire
(Rounds/min)
Sustained Rate 20 15 5
of Fire
(Rounds/min)
Illumination 25 60 70
Time (sec)
HE Burst Width 28 35 75
(1 Round)
90 35 75
FPF 3 tubes 1 tube 1 tube

Notes: 1. U.S. Marine Corps units do not possess these weapons systems.
However, Marine Corps units may operate with Army units
equipped with these weapons.
2. With M720 ammunition
3. With M821 ammunition

Legend
BBDPICM-Base Bleed DPICM MT-Mechanical Time
DPICM-Dual Purpose Improved MTSQ-Mechanical Time Superquick
Conventional Munitions PD-Point Detonating
CPHD-Copperhead RAP-Rocket Assisted Projectile
ET-Electronic Time RP-Red Phosphorus
HE-High Explosive SMK-Smoke
ILLUM-Illumination VT-Variable Time
MO-Multi-option fuze WP-White Phosphorus
(VT, PD, Delay)

3
(This page intentionally left blank.)

4
 ARTILLERY/MORTAR TEMPLATE

“_____ this is _____, (AF / FFE), (POLAR / SHIFT),____________________, over”

(Target #/KN PT)

Break transmission for FDC read back

“Grid: ____________________, over”

Polar: “Dir______ Dist______ U/D______ VA______, over”

Shift: “Dir______ R/L______ +/-______ U/D______, over”

Break transmission for FDC read back

Target Description: “___________________________________________”

Method of Engagement: “___________________________________________”

(See page 6)

Method of Fire and Control: “_______________________________________, over”

(See page 7)

Break transmission for FDC read back

Message to Observer

“MTO_______________, _____________________, ________, _____________

(Firing Units) (Change to CFF) (Rds i/e) (Target Number)

_______________, __________, __________” Break “Direction ________, over”

(PEr) (Angle T) (TOF) (If using a grid mission)
Adjustments

Spotting Correction OT
Factor/Notes
HOB RNG DEV L/R +/- U/D

End of Mission

“_____, _____, _____, __________, End of Mission, ________________, over”

(L/R) (+/-) (U/D) (Target #) (Surveillance)

5
 ARTILLERY/MORTAR -- CALL-FOR-FIRE
I. OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION: Use callsigns from the CEOI
II. WARNING ORDER:
a. Type of Mission:
(1) Adjust Fire
(2) Fire for Effect
(3) Suppress (Planned Target)
(4) Immediate Suppression/Immediate Smoke
(5) Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD)
b. Size of Element to Fire:
(1) Omission indicates a request for one artillery battery.
(2) Larger units by stating the last letter of the battalion callsign.
c. Method of Target Location:
(1) Grid: No announcement.
(2) Polar Plot: Announce the word “POLAR.”
(3) Shift from a Known Point: Announce the word “SHIFT FROM.”
followed immediately by the designation of the known point or by target
number.
--------------------------------------------OVER---------------------------------------------
III. TARGET LOCATION:
a. Grid: Six-digit grid, i.e., "Grid 123456."
b. Polar: Direction (mils) and distance (meters) to the target from the
observer’s position.
c. Shift: Direction to the target (mils).
Lateral Shift (left/right in meters).
Range Shift (add/drop in meters).
Vertical Shift (up/down in meters) if significant (≥35M).
--------------------------------------------OVER----------------------------------------------
IV. TARGET DESCRIPTION:
A word picture of the target (i.e., the number and type of vehicles/personnel
observed, what the target is doing, number of elements in the target, degree of
protection, size, and shape [length, width, attitude]).

V. METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT (Bold indicates standard):

a. Type Adjustment:
(1) Area Fire: Standard without request.
(2) Precision Fire: Used only with destruction or registration missions.
Observer announces “Destruction.”
b. Danger Close: Announced when applicable. (See page 4)
c. Mark: Used for orientation.
d. Trajectory:
(1) Low Angle: Standard without request.
(2) High Angle: Upon request of observer or when required due to
masking terrain.
e. Ammunition:
(1) Shell/Fuze desired in the Adjustment phase (HE/Q).
(2) Shell/Fuze desired in the Fire for Effect phase.
(3) Volume of fire desired in Fire for Effect stated in rounds per howitzer.
f. Distribution: Type sheaf desired. (Circular, Parallel, Converged, Open, or
Special [Linear, Rectangular, or Irregular])
6
V. METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL (Bold indicates standard):
a. Method of Fire:
(1) One weapon is standard for adjustment phase.
(2) Battery/platoon right/left on request.
(3) Time interval (5 seconds between adjusting rounds if using more than one
weapon.)
b. Method of Control
(1) Fire when ready: Standard without request.
(2) At my command (AMC)/By round at my command (BRAMC): Weapons
fire at observer’s command until cancelled.
(3) Cannot observe: Fire will not be observed.
(4) Time on target: Rounds impact at a specified time.
(5) Continuous illumination: FDC will determine when to fire. (See page 13)
(6) Coordinated illumination: The firing of HE in coordination with
illumination at optimum illumination. Observer may determine when
illumination is fired or may use “At My Command” procedures. (See
page 11)
(7) Cease Loading: Used on missions with two or more rounds in effect.
Causes the firing unit to stop loading rounds.
(8) Check Firing: Temporary halt in firing. “Cancel check firing” resumes
mission.
(9) Continuous Firing: Firing as rapidly as possible at prescribed rate of fire.
Continued until suspended by Cease Loading or
Check Firing.
(10) Repeat: Can be given during AF or FFE missions.
(11) Followed by: Used to describe changes to subsequent volleys (HE
followed by WP).
(12) Request Splash: FDC will announce, “splash” 5 seconds before round
impacts.
(13) Do not load: FDC computes data, but no projectile is loaded.
-------------------------------------------------OVER-------------------------------------------------
DANGER CLOSE
The term DANGER CLOSE will be included in the Method of Engagement portion
of the call-for-fire when the target is within 600 meters of any friendly troops for both
mortars and field artillery, and 2000 meters when using MLRS.
The creeping method of adjustment will be used exclusively during DANGER
CLOSE missions when adjusting rounds toward friendly troops. Range or deviation
changes are made by creeping the rounds to the target with corrections of no more than
100m.
OBSERVER-TARGET LINE (OTL)
The OTL is an imaginary straight line from the observer/spotter to the target. When
determining direction to a target, you have determined it along the OTL. All corrections
are made in respect to the OTL.
RANGE CORRECTION
During an adjustment on a target, the observer should establish a range bracket early in
the adjustment. With the first definite range spotting, the observer should make a range
correction causing the next round to be spotted opposite that of the previous round. If
the first definite range spotting is SHORT, the observer should ADD to obtain an
OVER spotting on the next round. Likewise, if a spotting is OVER, he should DROP to
obtain a SHORT on the next round. The observer then splits each range correction in
half, successively moving each round closer to the target. Use the following ranges to
bracket: 800, 400, 200, 100, 50.
7
 DEVIATION CORRECTIONS
The distance in meters that the burst is to be moved (left or right) is determined by
the WERM rule. Multiply the deviation in mils (from the spotting) by the Observer-to-
Target distance in thousands of meters (the OT factor). The OT factor is determined by
dividing your estimated range to the target by a thousand and expressing to the nearest
whole number. Deviation corrections are expressed to the nearest 10 meters. A deviation
correction of less than 30 meters is considered a minor deviation and should not be
transmitted during this portion of the fire mission. The computed deviation correction is
announced to the FDC as, “LEFT (RIGHT) so much,” the direction of the correction
being opposite that of the spotting.

Quick OT Factor Chart

Range OT Factor
Below 1000m Do not express (900m = OT of .9, 800m = OT of .8, etc)
1000-1400 1
1500-2500 2
2600-3400 3

In the example above, the burst is approximately 45 mils from the target at a range of
1500 meters. Using the WERM rule we can determine that the burst needs to move 90
meters to the left:

W=(R/1000) x M
W=(1500/1000) x 45
W=(1.5~=2) x 45
W=90

8
 DETERMINING DIRECTION TO A TARGET

Determining direction is an essential skill for the FO. Direction is an integral

part of terrain-map association, adjustment of fire, and target location. There
are four methods to determine direction:

a. USING A MEASURING DEVICE. Using a lensatic or M2 compass

the FO can measure direction. The FO will add/subtract the GM angle to
determine the grid direction to send to the FDC only when using a
lensatic compass or if using a non-declinated M2 compasses. The FO
can use other measuring devices such as an aiming circle or a laser
device that can provide direction to the nearest mil.

b. MEASURING FROM A REFERENCE POINT. By determining the

angular deviation in mils between the reference point and the target, a
direction can be computed by applying the deviation to the known
direction. Use the RALS rule (right add, left subtract). Angular
deviation can be determined by any instrument with a reticle pattern or
by hand measurement.

c. SCALING FROM THE MAP. Using a protractor or an OF fan

(Observed fire fan), the FO can scale direction from a map to an accuracy
of 10 mils.

d. ESTIMATING. With a thorough terrain-map analysis the FO can

estimate direction by visualizing the eight cardinal directions (N, NE, E,
SE, S, SW,W, NW). Least accurate method.

The FO should try to be as accurate as possible. The use of mils is preferred.

All measured directions sent need to be expressed to the nearest 10 mils, prior
to sending it to the FDC.

ESTIMATING ANGLES IN MILS WITH THE HAND

9
 SENDING THE CALL-FOR-FIRE

The standard call-for-fire is transmitted using field artillery radiotelephone

procedures in three radio transmissions:

a. Observer’s identification and warning order

b. Target location

c. Target description, method of engagement, and method of fire and

control

Example: Standard Call-for-Fire

OBSERVER FIRE DIRECTION CENTER

(“SUMO”) (“NIGHTMARE”)
Nightmare, this is Sumo, Adjust Sumo, this is Nightmare, Adjust Fire,
Fire, over out
Grid 123456, over Grid 123456, out
3 tanks and 3 BMPs in the open, 3 tanks and 3 BMPs in the open,
DPICM in effect, at my command, DPICM in effect, at my command, out
over

Example: Immediate Suppression

This is Sumo, immediate suppression, This is Nightmare, immediate

grid 123456, over suppression, grid 123456, out

The simplified call-for-fire (used only with suppress and immediate

suppression/smoke missions) is sent in one radio call containing, at a minimum,
the observer’s identification, warning order, and target location.

10
 MESSAGE TO OBSERVER
A MTO will be sent to the observer from the FDC, usually prior to the first subsequent correction.
The observer will read back the MTO to the FDC. Bolded items are always announced.

Four Standard Elements:

1. Unit(s) to fire: unit to adjust, unit to FFE; if same, unit is only stated once
2. Changes to CFF: changes in SH/FZ, trajectory, or anything else
3. Number of rounds in effect: number of volleys fired in FFE phase
4. Target number: assigned by FDC

Additional information possibly included:

5. Probable Error in Range: if > 38meters, for precision fire if > 25meters
6. Angle T: if > 500 mils or if requested, expressed to nearest 100 mils
7. Time of Flight: announced for moving targets, high-angle, aerial observers, or when requested

Standard Commands:
1. SHOT: reported by the FDC when rounds are fired, but only for initial volley of FFE
2. SPLASH: announced 5 seconds prior to impact, during high-angle and aerial observer missions,
or when requested
3. ROUNDS COMPLETE: announced once all rounds of multiple volley fire (FFE) are complete

SEQUENCE OF SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS

1. OT Direction: if > 100 mil change

2. Danger Close (Cancel): when entering (or leaving) danger close limits
3. Trajectory: low or high angle
4. Method of Fire: 2 guns in adjustment
5. Distribution: sheaf adjustment
6. Shell: to change during adjustment
7. Fuze: to change during adjustment
8. Volume of fire: to change number of volleys in FFE
9. Deviation: L/R ___ Meters
10. Range: +/- ____ Meters
11. HOB: U/D ____ Meters
12. Target Description: if changed
13. Mission Type and/or Method of Control: i.e., FFE, AMC
14. Splash: to receive notice 5 seconds prior to round impacting
15. Repeat: to apply same firing data as previous round

ENDING THE MISSION

Upon achieving the desired effects on target, the observer needs to transmit an end of mission
statement to the firing unit, which is composed of four parts. Bolded items are always announced.

Refinement: Allows observer to make corrections under the normal deviation and range restrictions.
(Use if recording the target)
Record as target: Tells the FDC to save the firing data for future missions
End of Mission: Ends the current mission
Surveillance: Should be brief but should provide casualty/damage information as accurately as
possible

Example (with refinements): “Left 10, add 20, record as target AB1001, end of mission, target
suppressed, over”

Example (without refinements): “End of mission, 2 tanks burning, infantry fleeing north, over”

11
 SUPPRESSION OF ENEMY AIR DEFENSE
SEAD Call-For-Fire:

“________this is________, SEAD, (Polar, Laser Polar, Shift from Known Point) , over”
(FDC) (FO)

“Grid to Suppress_____________,
Grid to Mark_________________, over” (‘Negative Mark’ if Arty is not marking)

“________________, Shell/Fuze (if other than standard), _________________________,

(ADA system type) (Interrupted/Continuous/Non-standard,
include timeline)

CAS TOT____________, over”

- MTO will follow from FDC

- No adjustments are made
- Schedule is fired
- Send RREMS

Notes:
- HE/VT is standard suppression SH/FZ combination
- WP/Q is standard mark SH/FZ combination
- Timelines:

s=suppression round
m=marking round

- Suppression rounds impact every 30 seconds, unless instructed otherwise

- WP mark impacts at -: 30
- ILLUM on deck mark impacts at -: 45
- Using non-standard, back end timeline can be controlled AMC

12
 ILLUMINATION
COORDINATED ILLUMINATION
To start an illumination mission:

Standard First CFF Transmission

Standard Second CFF Transmission
Third Transmission:
“Suspected (target description), Illumination (2 guns, range and/or lateral spread), over”

To adjust an illumination round:

- Minimum corrections for ILLUM: Dev 200M

Range 200M
HOB 50M
- Use standard method to correct deviation and range.
- Correction of ILLUM height-of-burst (HOB):

If illumination burns on the deck-

1. Count the number of seconds the Illum burns on the ground.
2. Multiply the (number of seconds) x (Rate of descent (M/sec)) = Meter adjustment.
3. Express to the nearest 50M and send as an Up correction.

If illumination burns out during descent-

1. Measure the number of mils above the ground where the Illum burned out.
2. Multiply the (number of mils) x (the OT factor) = Meter adjustment.
3. Express to the nearest 50M and send as a Down correction.

- Adjust until target area is best illuminated, then send:

“Illumination mark, over”

“Coordinated illumination, over”

Follow with standard CFF format

- Adjust HE mission onto target and FFE (FDC controls timing of ILLUM)
- Send RREMS for HE mission – ILLUM mission automatically ends

Notes:
- Precede all corrections with “HE” or “ILLUM”
Example: “ILLUM, Add 200
HE, Right 60, Add 200, over”

- If ILLUM is corrected, a new “illumination mark” must be sent.

- Range and/or Lateral Spread will be applied along the OT line in an automated FDC only if the
AFATDS has the observer’s location entered in the database. Default is the gun-target line (GTL).

- Observer can control timing of ILLUM and HE missions by using AMC in each mission. No
“illumination mark or “coordinated illumination” would be sent in this situation. Two separate
missions.

CONTINUOUS ILLUMINATION

Due to the amount of ammunition expended, this is the least desirable method for illuminating the
target area. Follow the directions above to initiate and adjust the illumination. After “illumination
mark” send “continuous illumination.” The FDC will fire illumination continually while the FO
adjusts HE.
13
 EMPLOYMENT FACTORS FOR ILLUMINATING SHELLS

WEAPON SYSTEM INITIAL BURST BURN CONT. ILLUM RATE OF DESCENT (M/S)
PROJ HOB (M) DIAMETER TIME (ROUND(S)/MIN)
(M) (sec)

M314A2 750 800 60 2 10

105-MM
M314A3 750 800 70-75 2 10

155-MM M485A2 600 1000 120 1 5

M83A3 400 725 25 3 3
60-MM
M301A1 400 500 60 2 6

81-MM M301A2 400 500 60 2 6

M301A3 600 500 60 2 6

120-MM M930 600 2500 90 1 5

MK 88 500 500 45 4 10
5”/54 NGF
MK 91 500 500 72 4 2
 Illumination Employment Considerations

The amount of illumination required for a particular mission depends

on the OT distance; the conditions of visibility; and the size, width,
and depth of the area to be illuminated.

Number of Used Best When Announce

Guns
One Gun Effective illumination Illumination
achieved with one round
Two Guns Area requires more than one Illumination, two guns
(mortars) round
Two Guns Target area has greater depth Illumination, range
Range Spread then width spread
Two Guns Target area has greater width Illumination, lateral
Lateral Spread than depth spread
Four Gun Diamond pattern for large Illumination, range
Illumination area and lateral spread

Illumination Range Spread Illumination Lateral

Spread
Used to add depth Used to add width

Illumination Range and Lateral Spread

Used to add depth and width

15
 SMOKE
Immediate Smoke: Provides obscuring, protecting, or marking smoke over small
areas.

“_____ this is ____, immediate smoke, grid ______, over”

(FDC) (FO)

- Any method of target location can be used

- SH/FZ combination and volume based on unit SOP
- Normally fired at target to be obscured
- Observer can compensate/offset for wind if necessary

Quick Smoke: Provides obscuring, screening, or deceiving smoke over larger areas.

“_____ this is ____, adjust fire, over”

(FDC) (FO)

“Grid ______, over”

“Screen (target description),
L – Length of smoke screen in meters,
M – MTL direction (0000-6390, expressed to nearest 10 mils),
D
I Wind Direction in relation to MTL
R (Right Cross, Left Cross, Head Wind, or Tail Wind)
T – Time (duration) of smoke screen in minutes, smoke in effect, over”

Example: “Nightmare this is Sumo, adjust fire, over”

“Grid 256985, over”
“Screen infantry company dug in, length 800, MTL 0630, Tail wind, four
minutes, smoke in effect, over.”

- Send OT direction after MTO for grid missions

- AF or FFE and any method of target location can be used

Friendly Enemy
Forces Location

Maneuver Target Line (MTL)

The MTL is a horizontal clockwise angle measured from grid north. Depending on the
situation, the MTL can extend from the observer’s location to and through the target, or
it can extend from the most vulnerable point along the route of march to and through
the target. The MTL is determined to an accuracy of 10 mils.

16
Adjustment Procedures:

-Minimum Corrections:
Dev 50 M
Range 100 M
HOB 50 M

- Shell HE/Q is used to adjust

- Request, “smoke” when splitting the 200M bracket

White Phosphorous (WP) M110A2:

- With fuze PD, adjust for range and deviation only
- With fuze TI, adjust HOB to 20 meters

Felt Wedge WP M825:

- The following corrections can be made to the effects observed:
Graze burst “Graze, up 100, repeat, over”
Thick/dense, separated clouds “Up 50, repeat, over”
Thin/uneven clouds “Down 50, repeat, over”

Smoke Munitions Data

Average Obscuration
Time To
Length (m/Round)
Delivery Type of Build Average
System Round Effective Burning Time
Headwind/
Smoke
Crosswind Tailwind
WP ½ min 1 - 1 ½min 150 50
155 mm
M825 ½ min 5 - 8 min 350 100 – 200
RP ½ min 1 ½- 2 min 90 – 150 40 – 50
81 mm
WP ½ min 1 min 100 40
60 mm WP ½ min 1 min 150 40
5-inch/54 WP ½ min 1 min 150 40

17
 Smoke Effects on Electro-optical Systems

Spectral Electro-optical System Type of

Region Smoke
Viewers:
- Daylight sights
- Naked eye
- Camera lens
Visible - Binoculars/standard optics
All
0.40 - 0.75pm - Battle space television
- Manual command to line of sight
(MCLOS) missiles (AT-3)
- Night sights

Viewers:
- Semiautomatic command to line
of sight (SACLOS) missiles
(AT-4 All
Near infrared and AT-5)
0.75 - 4pm - Night sights
Sensors:
- Laser designators All
- Laser range finders
Viewers: WP, RP, type
Mid infrared - Passive thermal sights III
4 - 14pm Infrared
obscurant, dust
Sensors: WP, RP, type
Far infrared - Thermal imager III
14 - 100pm - Terminal homing missiles (AT- Infrared
6) obscurant, dust
Radar
Millimeter
Radio WP,
wave and lower
Microwaves developmental
frequency 1.00
obscurants
mm
Directed electromagnetic pulse Oil smoke
X-ray and Nuclear weapons (attenuation
higher only),
Frequency developmental
obscurants

18
 FINAL PROTECTIVE FIRE
PLANNING INFORMATION
- Final Protective Fire (FPF), in fire support operations, is continuous
artillery and/or mortar fires on a preplanned target. A FPF is fired to stop
and destroy an enemy force crossing into a defensive area. Artillery and/or
mortar FPFs should be integrated with the maneuver direct fire FPLs/PDFs.
- A FPF is fired at the maximum rate of fire until the firing unit is requested
to stop, ammunition is exhausted, or the firing unit is forced to move.
- The regimental commander normally allocates artillery FPFs to the
maneuver battalions, which may allocate them to the company level.
- The battalion commander normally allocates battalion mortar FPFs to the
company level.
- Authority to shoot an FPF is that of the lowest maneuver commander in
whose area the FPF is placed or his authorized representative.
- The FO has the responsibility to adjust in the FPF when the tactical
situation permits. The FO may adjust one gun or all guns designated to fire
the FPF.
- The FPF is cancelled when it is no longer required.
- A unit cannot be laid on both an FPF and a priority target.
- The FPF data table below is neither precise nor restrictive; it is merely
derived from the bursting diameter of rounds.

FPF PLANNING DATA

NUMBER OF PIECES
SIZE LENGTH WIDTH
OR GUNS

6 (PLATOON) 360 60
120 MM
1 (SQUAD) 75
8 (PLATOON) 280 35
81 MM
4 (SECTION) 140 35
60 MM 3 (SECTION) 90 30
3 GUNS 105 35
105 MM
6 GUNS 210 35
4 GUNS 200 50
155 MM 6 GUNS 300 50
8 GUNS 400 50

19
Establishing a FPF
Standard first CFF transmission
Standard second CFF transmission
Third transmission:

“FPF, Length _______, Attitude _______, Danger Close, Delay, over”

- Attitude indicates the direction of the axis of the sheaf, from 0000-6300.
- Fuze delay should be used in adjustments in order to reduce friendly
casualties.
- Creeping fire should be used while adjusting the FPF

Mortar and Artillery Manual FDC

- Entire unit fires one volley, centered on initial grid sent

- Begin adjusting with Flank piece, whose round impacted, closest to the FPF
line
- Adjust to within 50 meters, and then send final correction:

“Number _______, drop _______, number _______ is adjusted,

number _______ repeat over.”

- FDC makes the adjustment, but does not fire the –50 corrected data
- This procedure is continued until all guns are adjusted

Automated Artillery FDC

- The unit fires one round with a selected howitzer (normally centerpiece).
The FO observes and corrects the round just as in an adjust fire mission.
That round represents the center of the linear sheaf
- Final correction should include, “end of mission.” This indicates to the FDC
that the adjustment phase is complete
- The FDC processes the mission but does not fire it. Data is determined for
each howitzer. The howitzers receive individual piece data and remain laid
on the FPF when not in other missions

Non-Adjusted FPF
Standard first transmission (use fire-for-effect, vice adjust fire)
Standard second transmission
Third transmission:
“Establish as FPF, Attitude _______, Danger Close, Delay, over”

- Essential for FDC to be automated. If not possible, FO should consider the

proximity of the FPF to friendly troops

20
 NAVAL GUNFIRE TEMPLATE

“_____ this is _____, Fire Mission, target number ________________, over”

(assign from block)

Break transmission for ship read back

“Grid: ____________, Altitude ____________, Direction ____________,

Polar: “Dir ____________ Dist ____________ U/D ____________ ,

Shift: “From reference point (target number) ____________, Dir ____________,

R/L ____________ +/- ____________ U/D ____________,

Include

Target Description: ________________________________________

Method of Engagement: ________________________________________

(See page 23)

Method of Control: ________________________________________, over”

(See page 24)

Break transmission for ship read back

Pre-Firing Report

“______________, _____________, Ready, _______________, Break…. Fire, over”

(GTL) (LOF/illum only) (TOF)

“First Salvo at _______________, _______________, _______________”

(Point of Aim) (Summit) (Changes)

Adjustments

Spotting Correction OT
Factor/Notes
HOB RNG DEV L/R +/- U/D

End of Mission

“_____, _____, _____, Record as Target _______, End of Mission, ________, over”
(L/R) (+/-) (U/D) (Target #) (Surveillance)

21
 NGF GUNS UP READY TO FIRE REPORT
Purpose: To report the capabilities of the NGF ship

Occasion: When ship comes on station and is ready to fire

ELEMENT INFORMATION

LINE A Callsign of ship and DTG of message assigning ship to

the NGF mission

LINE B “On station and ready” and DTG (local) end of NGF
ship’s assignment

LINE C Planned firing location (grid). If the ship will be firing

from a track, the approximate center of the track

LINE D Significant reduction in capability, including mount

causalities and/or ammo shortages

LINE E Ammo aboard, by type, available for NGF

LINE F Any other information of value

GUNS UP READY TO FIRE (GURF) REPORT

LINE A: ___________________________________________________

LINE B:___________________________________________________

LINE C:___________________________________________________

LINE D:___________________________________________________

LINE E:___________________________________________________

LINE F: ___________________________________________________

22
 NAVAL GUNFIRE CFF
I. OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION:
Use callsigns from the CEOI

II. WARNING ORDER/TARGET NUMBER:

Announce, “Fire mission, target number” (Spotter assigns from target block)

--------------------------------------------OVER---------------------------------------------

III. TARGET LOCATION

a. Grid: Announce: “Grid”
“Altitude” (meters understood, measured from mean sea
level)
“Direction” (if method of control is spotter adjust)
b. Polar: Announce: “Direction” (OTL)
“Distance” (meters understood)
“Up (or down)” (vertical shift, meters understood)
c. Shift: Announce: “From reference point (or target number)”
“Direction” (OTL)
Lateral shift (if any, meters understood)
Range shift (if any, meters understood)
Vertical shift (if any, meters understood)

IV. TARGET DESCRIPTION

Include what the target is and what its doing, number of elements in the target or physical
dimensions, attitude (mils understood), and degree of protection.

V. METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT (Bold indicates standard)

a. Danger Close: Friendly troops within 750 meters
Send cardinal direction and distance from the target to nearest friendly unit
b. Trajectory:
(1) Full Charge
(2) Reduced Charge
(3) High Angle
c. Ammunition: Shell/fuse desired in adjustment phase and FFE (HE/Q)
d. Number of Guns: One or two guns
e. Number of Salvos: Indicates number of rounds fired per gun
(1) Send when entering FFE or if adjusting with more than one salvo
(2) If omitted, ship will fire one salvo
f. Special Instructions:
(1) Interval: Used to cause FFE rounds to be fired with a specific time interval
between each salvo Announce “interval” followed by a desired time interval
(seconds understood).
(2) Sustained Fire: Used if there is a specific period of time in which fire for
effect salvos must be spread over. Include the number of salvos and period of
time in which they are required to be fired.
(3) Time on Target: Used when initial salvos in fire for effect are to impact at a
specific time.
(4) Coordinated Illum: Used to inform the ship that HE will be requested
simultaneously, after adjusting illumination.
(5) Continuous Illum: Used when spotter requires constant light on a target. Use with
discretion.

23
VI. METHOD OF CONTROL (Bold indicates standard)

g. Method of Control:
(1) Spotter Adjust: Method standard
(2) Fire For Effect (FFE): Used to enter into FFE phase without adjustments. Indicate
number of salvos requested. Can be modified by the command, “cannot observe”
when firing on a suspected target and when neither the ship nor spotter can see the
target.
(3) Ship Adjust: Used if the spotter believes the ship has a better view of the target. Use
when possible.
(4) At My Command: Used to control the firing of each salvo in adjustment, and the first
adjustment in FFE. Ship will announce, “ready, over.” Spotter sends, “fire” when he
is ready for the ship to fire. Remains in effect throughout the mission or when
cancelled (announce, “cancel at my command”).
--------------------------------------------OVER---------------------------------------------
PRE-FIRING REPORT
a. Gun-Target Line (GTL): Firing direction of ship.
b. Line of Fire (LOF): Used with illumination to indicate the illumination projectile
trajectory. May be different from GTL.
c. Ready/Time of Flight (TOF): Ship will report, “ready,” followed by TOF (seconds
understood). Spotter reads back and announces, “break…fire, over.”
d. First Salvo: Used in danger close situations. Ship will confirm the point of aim reported
by spotter.
e. Summit: Highest altitude above mean sea level of flight path. Standard for aerial
observers, ground observers may request. Reported in feet for aerial observers and
meters to ground units.
f. Any Changes: Used if ship changes any portion of fire request.
REPORT UPON FIRING
SHOT / SPLASH- announced every volley in adjust and 1st FFE volley. No
acknowledgement needed.
ERROR CORRECTION
a. Correction: Spotter has made an error in his transmission. Immediately transmit,
“correction” followed by the corrected data
b. Wrong: Error made during readback. Announce, “wrong” followed by the correct data
SEQUENCE OF SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS:
1. Direction: if > 100 mil change
2. Danger Close (Cancel): < 750 meters
3. Trajectory: Full/Reduced charge or High Angle
4. Shell: to change during adjustment
5. Fuze: to change during adjustment
6. Deviation: L/R ___ meters
7. Range: +/- ___ meters
8. HOB: U/D ___ meters
9. Number of Guns: If more than one in adjustment/FFE
10. Number of Salvos: If more than one used in adjustment/FFE
11. Method of Control: i.e. Ship Adjust, FFE
FIRE FOR EFFECT PHASE
Enter the FFE phase when:
a. Splitting the 100-meter bracket for a point target
b. Splitting the 200-meter bracket for an area target

24
ENDING THE MISSION

Upon achieving the desired effects on target, the observer needs to transmit an end of
mission statement to the firing unit, which is composed of four parts. Bolded items are
always announced.

Refinement: Allows observer to make corrections under the normal deviation and
range restrictions. (Use if recording the target)
Record as target: Spotter assigns from target block.
End of Mission: Ends the current mission.
Surveillance: Should be brief but should provide casualty/damage information as
accurately as possible.

Fresh Target Shift New Target Shift

(To shift to a higher priority target
during a fire mission)
1. Spotter ID: omitted
2. Fresh Target, Target #_______
3. Target Loc: Adjusted from last Salvo
4. Target Description: Always sent
5. Method of Engagement: omit if same
6. Method of Control: omit if same
(To conduct two
simultaneous missions)
1. Spotter ID: omitted
2. New Target, Target # _______
3. Target Loc: Sent from last Salvo
4. Target Description: Always sent
5. Method of Eng.: omit if same
6. Method of Control: omit if same

“Fresh Target, Target number ____, “New Target, Target number ____,
R/L ____, +/- ____, U/D ____, +/- ____, U/D ____,
(Description), over.” (Description), over.”

Spotter can return to original target Ship must have two mounts and
by using the fresh target shift format. an MK-86 gunfire control system.

Spotter must preface each

correction with target number.

Naval Gunfire Capabilities

Weapon Full RAP Reduced Fire Rate Ammo Fuzes
Charge (M) Charge (max/sust)
Max Max
Range Range
(m) (m)

5”/54 23,100 29,181 12,200 20/16 HE, Q, MT,

ILLUM, CVT,
WP, HC, VT, DEL
RAP

82,000 29,181 12,200 10/3-5 HE, HC, Q, MT,

5”/62 (ERGM), (ERGM) ILLUM, CVT,
40,000 20/10-12 WP, RAP, VT,
(Mk 172 (Conv) ERGM, DEL,
ICM), ICM (Mk GPS
23,100 172)
(Conv)

25
 U.S. ATTACK FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT
Aircraft Owning Ordnance Laser Marking Other
M/D/S Service Capability Capability Systems

LST LTD

AV-8B USMC LGBs(1) Yes No Rockets TV

AGM-65 NVG
Maverick GPS
GP bombs FLIR
CBUs
2.75’ rockets
5.00” rockets
LUU-2 flares
LUU-19 flares
25-mm cannon
AV-8B II+ USMC Same as above No No Rockets FLIR
NVG
GPS
Radar
AV-8B USMC Same as above Yes Yes Rockets CCD TV
(with (off-board Laser FLIR
Lightening designator not IR marker NVG
II pods) required for GPS
LGBs)
A-10 Army AGM-65 Yes No
Maverick
LGBs (1)
GP bombs
CBUs
Rockets
30-mm cannon
AC-130H USAF 105-mm howitzer No Yes GLINT, IZLID FLIR
(SOF) 40-mm cannon 105-mm High LLLTV
25-mm cannon Explosive (HE), Radar
40-mm GPS
ZIRC/MISCH
LTD-1688 only

AC-130U USAF 105-mm howitzer No Yes GLINT FLIR

(SOF) 40-mm cannon 105-mm HE, ALLTV
25-mm cannon 40-mm Radar
ZIRC/MISCH GPS
Codable LTD

F-14 (With USN LGBs No Yes Laser WP FLIR

LANTIRN) GP bombs Rockets GPS
20-mm cannon NVG
Aerial mines Radar
LUU-2 flares

F-15E USAF LGBs No Yes Laser FLIR

GP bombs Radar
CBUs Air-to-Air
20-mm Missile
cannon
(1) Although these aircraft can carry and release LGBs, they require off-board designation for terminal guidance.
(2) GPS on some aircraft
LGBs=Laser Guided Bombs
CBUs=Cluster Bomb Units

26
 U.S. ATTACK FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT,
(Continued)
Aircraft Owning Ordnance Laser Marking Other
M/D/S Service Capability Capability Systems

LST LTD
F-15E USAF LGBs No Yes Laser FLIR
GP bombs Radar
CBUs Air-to-
20-mm cannon Air
Missile
F-16 USAF AGM-65 No No WP rockets Radar
(without Maverick HE rockets GPSs (2)
LANTIRN) LGBs (1)
GP bombs
CBUs
20-mm cannon

F-16 C/D USAF AGM-65 No Yes Laser FLIR

(with Maverick WP rockets GPS
LANTIRN) LGBs HE rockets NVG
GP bombs Radar
CBUs
JDAM
20-mm cannon

F-16 (with USAF AGM-65 Yes Yes Laser

Lightening Maverick IR Marker
II) LGBs (1) WP rockets
GP bombs
CBUs
20-mm cannon

F/A-18 USN LGBs Yes- Yes- Laser FLIR-

USMC AGM-65 w/LDT w/TFLIR WP rockets (w/pod)
Maverick pod pod HE rockets GPS
AGM-84 SLAM NVG
AGM-88 HARM Radar
JDAM IR
JSOW Pointer
GP bombs (FA-18D)
CBUs only
Aerial mines
LUU-2/19 flares
2.75’ rockets
5.00” rockets
20-mm cannon
Mk 77 Firebomb
SLAM ER
(1) Although these aircraft can carry and release LGB’s, they require off-board designation for terminal
guidance.
(2) GPS on some aircraft
LGBs=Laser Guided Bombs
CBUs=Cluster Bomb Units

27
 U.S. ATTACK ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT
A/C Owning Ordnance Max Max Laser Marking Other
M/D/S Service Range RDS Capability Capability Systems
(m)
LST LTD
AH-1W USMC BGM-71 3750 8 No Yes Laser FLIR,
(TOW) 8000 8 Rockets NVG
AGM-114 7200 16 GPS, IR
(Hellfire) 6- 76 Pointer,
5.0” rockets 7500 750 DVO,
2.75” rockets 18- CCDTV
20-MM 2200
cannon
AH-64A USA AGM-114L 8000 16 Yes Yes Laser FLIR
2.75” rockets 6- 76 (1) Rockets NVG
30-mm 7500 1200
cannon 3000
AH-64D USA AGM-114L 8000 16 Yes Yes Laser FLIR,
(including 2.75” rockets 6- 76 (1) Rockets NVG
Longbow) 30-MM 7500 1200 GPS,
cannon 3000 IDM (1)
Radar
UH-1N USMC 2.75” rockets 6- 76 No No Rockets FLIR,
.50 cal 7500 500 NVG
machinegun 1830 5000 GPS
7.62-MM 1000
(GAU-17)
Oh-58D USA AGM-114L 8000 16 Yes Yes Laser FLIR,
(Kiowa Hellfire 6- 76 Rockets NVG
Warrior) 2.75” rockets 7500 500
.50 cal 1830
machinegun
(1) The AH64 helicopters cannot designate laser codes 1711 to 1788.
(2) The AH-1W can designate codes 1111-1788, but has max effectiveness from 1111-1488.
IMD=Improved Data Modem

28
 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT
Terminal air control (Types 1-3):
Type Used
1 When visual acquisition of attacking aircraft and target under attack are necessary.
2 When visual acquisition of either attacking aircraft or target at weapons release is
not possible or when attacking aircraft are not in a position to acquire the
mark/target prior to weapons release/launch.
3 When risk assessment indicates that CAS attacks impose low risk of fratricide.

Notes:
- Control type will be broadcast upon aircraft check-in.
- Multiple control types can be in effect at one time (i.e. Helicopters under Type 2 and fixed wing under
Type 1).
- Observer maintains flexibility to change the type at any time within guidelines established by
supported commander.

Type 1 Execution
Step Action
1 Visually acquire the target
2 Send a CAS briefing to attack aircraft
3 Attack aircraft will verify target
coordinates correlate with expected target
area
4 Attack aircraft will read-back Line 4, Line
6 and any restrictions
5 Aircraft will provide an “IP Inbound” call
6 Mark/designate the target
Step Action
7 Attack aircraft will provide “IN” call
indicating maneuvering for weapons
firing solution
8 Attack aircraft will visually acquire
target or mark
9 Visually acquire the attacking aircraft
10 Ensure attack will not affect friendlies by
visual acquisition and analysis of attack
aircraft geometry/nose position to
determine weapon impact point
11 Provide a “Cleared Hot” or “Abort”
based on the above procedures being met

Type 2 Execution
Step Action
1 Controller or observer will see the target
2 Send a CAS briefing to attack aircraft
3 Attack aircraft will verify target
coordinates correlate with expected target
area
4 Attack aircraft will read-back Line 4, Line
6 and any restrictions
Step Action
5 When using GPS/INS guided weapons,
attack aircraft will confirm that briefed
target location and elevation have been
accepted by the munition
6 Aircraft will provide an “IP Inbound” call
7 Attack aircraft will provide “IN” call
indicating maneuvering for weapons
firing solution
8 Provide a “Cleared Hot” or “Abort”

Type 3 Execution
Step Action Step Action
1 Send a CAS briefing to attack aircraft 4 Give “Cleared to engage” when attack
aircraft have sufficient situational
awareness
2 Attack aircraft will verify target 5 Monitor the engagement by all means
coordinates correlate with expected target available
area
3 Attack aircraft will read-back Line 4, Line 6 Attack platform will provide “attack
6 and any restrictions complete” to controller

29
 CAS CHECK-IN BRIEF
(Aircraft Transmits to Controller)

Aircraft: “__________________________ this is __________________________”

(Controller Callsign) (Aircraft Callsign)

1. Identification/ Mission Number: “_____________________________________”

Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief
may be abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by
exception”).

2. Number and Type of Aircraft: “_______________________________________”

3. Position and Altitude: “______________________________________________”

4. Ordnance: “_______________________________________________________”

5. Time on station (TOS): “____________________________________________”

6. Abort Code: “_____________________________________________________”

(If applicable)
Remarks: “________________________________(NVG, LST, special mission info)

(Aircraft Transmits to Controller)

Aircraft: “__________________________ this is __________________________”

(Controller Callsign) (Aircraft Callsign)

1. Identification/ Mission Number: “_____________________________________”

Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief
may be abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by
exception”).

2. Number and Type of Aircraft: “_______________________________________”

3. Position and Altitude: “______________________________________________”

4. Ordnance: “_______________________________________________________”

5. Time on station (TOS): “____________________________________________”

6. Abort Code: “_____________________________________________________”

(If applicable)
Remarks: “________________________________(NVG, LST, special mission info)

30
 CAS MULTI-MISSION “9 LINE” BRIEF
Do not transmit line numbers. Units of measurement are standard unless otherwise
specified. Lines 4, 6, and any restrictions are mandatory readback items (indicated by
boldface type). Controller may request read-back of additional items as required.

Controller: “__________, this is __________, type _________ control __________”

(Aircraft) (controller) (1, 2, or 3)

1. IP/ BP
(IP/BP to Target)

2. HEADING
(Deg Mag) Offset L / R Offset L / R
3. DISTANCE
(IP in NM
BP in Meters)
4. TARGET ELEV
(FT MSL)

5. TARGET DESC
(General)
6. TARGET LOCATION
(LAT/LONG OR
Grid or Offsets or
Visual)
7. MARK
(WP, laser, IR)
CODE CODE
8. FRIENDLIES
(From Target, Dir & Dist
in Meters ) Marked By Marked By
9. “EGRESS…”
(Card Dir and/or CP)

REMARKS:
Restrictions
(FAH OR ALT)
Threats, ACA
(SEAD GTL)…

TOT
AMPLIFYING
INFORMATION
(AS REQD)

31
 IN FLIGHT REPORT

Aircraft: “____________________ this is ___________________ INFLTREP,

over”
(Controller Callsign) (Aircraft Callsign)

Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief may be
abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by exception”).

1. Callsign: “________________________________________________”

2. Mission Number: “________________________________________”

3. Location: “_______________________________________________”
(LAT/LONG, UTM grid, place name)

4. Time On Target: “_________________________________________”

5. Results: “ _________________________________________________”

REMARKS:
“________________________________________________________”
(Target area weather, significant sightings, EEIs…)

Aircraft: “______________________ this is __________________INFLTREP,

over”
(Controller Callsign) (Aircraft Callsign)

Note: Authentication and appropriate response suggested here. The brief may be
abbreviated for brevity or security (“as fragged” or “by exception”).

1. Callsign: “________________________________________________ _________”

2. Mission Number:
“___________________________________________________”

3. Location: “_________________________________________________________”
(LAT/LONG, UTM grid, place name)

4. Time On Target: “___________________________________________________”

5. Results: “ __________________________________________________________”

REMARKS: “________________________________________________________”
(Target area weather, significant sightings, EEIs…)

32
NATO FAC TO ATTACK AIRCRAFT BRIEFING

MISSION C/S _____________________ ABORT CODE _______________

Note: 1.) A-J are mandatory brief items, (K-O are optional).
2.) Items A, D, G, H underlined are mandatory read back (even if
“NONE”).
3.) Heading and bearings magnetic unless true is requested.

A.) IP: _____________________________________________________”

B.) BEARING: “____________________________________________”

C.) DISTANCE : “________________________________Nautical Miles”

D.) TARGET LOCATION UTM OR LAT/LONG:

“_______________________________________________________”

E.) TARGET ELEVATION: “___________________________________”

F.) TARGET DESCRIPTION: “_________________________________”

G.) MANDATORY HEADING: “_______________________________”

H.) FRIENDLY FORCES: “___________________________________”

I.) ATTACK TIME TOT: “____________________________________”

J.) ATTACK CLEARANCE FAC C/S___________ TAD ____________

K.) TARGET INDICATION:

REFERENCE PT [ ] SMOKE [ ] LIGHT/MIRROR [ ]

LASER CODE: “______________________________________”

DESIGNATOR TO TARGET LINE (DTL): “_______________”

L.) THREATS: “______________________________________________”

M.) WEATHER (IF SIGNIFICANT): “____________________________”

N.) HAZARDS “______________________________________________”

O.) EGRESS “________________________________________________”

33
 AC-130 CALL-FOR-FIRE

First Transmission
“____________________ this is __________________, fire mission, over.”
(Aircraft Callsign) (Observer)

Second Transmission

“My position __________________________, marked by _____________________,

(Grid, BP, SBF, INT) (Beacon, IR Strobe, etc.)

__________________________, _________________________________,
(Direction to target in degrees) (Dist to target in meters as one number)

__________________________, over.”
(Target Description)

Remarks: “_______________________________________________________, over”

(Threats, danger close clearance, restriction, etc.”)

As Required:

1.) Clearance: Transmission of the fire mission is clearance to fire. Danger close is
200m with the 105mm and 125m with the 40mm, 25mm. For closer fire, the
observer must accept responsibility for increased risk. State “Cleared Danger
Close” in remarks. This clearance may be preplanned.

2.) Adjust Fire: Adjust from impact by giving and cardinal/intercardinal direction and
distance (meters understood).

Don’ts:

1.) Do not ask the gunship to identify colors.

2.) Do not reference clock positions.
3.) Do not pass run-in headings/no-fire headings.
4.) Do not correct left/right or short/long.

34
 LANDING ZONE BRIEF
1. MISSION NO. ___________________

2. LOCATION ___________________

COOR/RAD/DEM _______/______/_____

3. UNIT CALLSIGN ___________________

4. FREQUENCY PRI UHF ________ FM _______

SEC UHF ________ FM _______

5. LZ MARKING ___________________

6. WIND DIRECTION/VELOCITY __________/_________

7. ELEVATION/SIZE __________/_________

8. OBSTACLES ___________________

9. FRIENDLY POSITIONS:
DIRECTION/DISTANCE __________/_________

10. ENEMY POSITIONS:

DIRECTION/DISTANCE __________/_________

11. LAST FIRE RECEIVED:

TIME/TYPE __________/_________

12. DIRECTION OF FIRE/DISTANCE __________/_________

13. CLEARANCE TO FIRE:

DIRECTION/DISTANCE __________/_________

14. APPROACH/RETIREMENT
(RECOMMENDED) __________/_________

15. PERSONNEL/EQUIPMENT __________/_________

16. OTHER ____________________

35
 AVIATION BREVITY TERMS
Laser Operations

10 SECONDS: Standby for “LASER ON” call in approximately 10 seconds.

LASER ON: Start laser designation.
SPOT: Aircraft acquires laser spot.
SHIFT: Shift laser illumination (slowly).
TERMINATE: Cease laser illumination.

Night IR

CONTACT: Aircraft sights a specific reference point.

ROPE: Call made by the exception of the terminal controller is to illuminate the
aircraft with an IR pointer.
SNAKE: Call made for the terminal controller to jiggle the IR beam on the target.
SPARKLE: Mark the target with an IR pointer. Also used by an AC-130 to mark the
target with 40mm.
STEADY: Steady the beam.
STOP: Stop the beam.
TALLY: Enemy position/target is in sight; opposite of NO JOY.
VISUAL: The terminal controller has the aircraft in sight, or the aircraft has a positive
ID on the terminal controller’s or friendlies pos.

Other Terms

ABORT: Abort the pass. Do not release any ordnance.

ANGELS: Height of friendly aircraft in thousands of feet.
BENT: System indicated is inoperative.
BINGO: Minimum fuel remaining for safe return to base.
BLIND: No visual contact with friendly aircraft or ground positions; opposite of
VISUAL.
CHATTER MARK: Begin using briefed radio procedures to counter jamming.
CLEARED HOT: Ordnance release is authorized.
CONTINUE: Continue the pass. Aircraft is not yet cleared to release any ordnance.
CYCLOPS: Any UAV.
DASH: Aircraft position within a flight. Use if specific callsign is unknown.
JOKER: Fuel state above BINGO at which separation/bug-out/event termination
should begin.
NO JOY: Aircrew does not have visual contact with the target/bandit/landmark.
OFFSET (direction): Informative call indicating maneuver in a specified direction with
reference to the target.
PUSHING: Departing designated point.
SMOKE: Smoke marker used to mark a position.
WINCHESTER: All ordnance is expended.
YARDSTICK: Visual reference to assist pilot in approx. distances.

36
 THREAT ARMOR
Max Max Range
Main Rd
Rate of (m): Optional Crew Rd Range
THREAT Gun Speed
Fire Effective Arms (km)
(mm) (km/h)
(rds/min) (m):
T- 7.62 390/600
2500-4000 4
55AMV 100 5-7 12.7 50 w/extra
1000-2500
(Russia) AT-10 tanks
450/650
T-62M 1500-4000 7.62 4
115 3-5 45 w/extra
(Russia) 1200-2000 AT-10
tanks
7.62
T-64B 3000-5000 3 500 w/extra
125 6-8 12.7 60
(Russia) 2000-3000 tanks
AT-8
7.62 500/900
T-72B 3000-5000 3
125 4-6 12.7 60 w/external
(Russia) 2000-3000
AT-11 tanks
7.62 335/600
T-80U 3000-5000 3
125 7-8 12.7 70 w/extra
(Russia) 2000-4000
AT-11 tanks
7.62 500/650
T-90 3000-5000 3
125 7-8 12.7 60 w/extra
(Russia) 2000-4000
AT-11 tanks
Type 59- 440/600
3000-5000 2 x 7.62 4
II 105 6-10 50 w/external
1500-3000 12.7
(China) tanks
Type 85- 700/900
3000-5000 7.62 3
IIM 125 4-6 57 w/external
2000-3000 12.7
(China) tanks

37
 THREAT ARMORED VEHICLES
Max
Main Total Rd Rd
Effective Optional
THREAT Type Gun Personnel Speed Range
Range Arms
(mm) (crew/troops) (km/h) (km)
(meters)
2X2
BRDM –2
Wheeled 14.5 2000 7.62 4/0 95 750
(Russia)
Recon
30
BRM-3K Tracked
Auto 2500-4000 7.62 6/0 70 600
(Russia) Recon
gun
4 x4
BTR-60 7.62 1000
Wheeled N/A 2/8 80 500
(Russia) 14.5 2000
APC
3x3 14.5
BTR-70 2000
Wheeled AT- 7.62 2/8 80 600
(Russia) 3000-4000
APC 3/4/5
4x4
BTR-80A
Wheeled 30 gun 2000-4000 7.62 2/8 90 800
(Russia)
APC
BTR-94 4x4
(Russia) Wheeled 23 gun 1500 7.62 3/10 80 800
APC
3x3
BTR-152
Wheeled 7.62 1000 12.7 2/17 65 650
(Russia)
APC
BTR-D Tracked
7.62 1000 N/A 1/12 61 500
(Russia) APC
73
BMD-1 Tracked 800-1000
Smooth 7.62 2/6 65 600
(Russia) IFV 3000
AT-3
30
BMD-2 Tracked Auto 1500
7.62 2/8 80 450
(Russia) IFV gun 2000-4000
AT4/5
30 30mm
BMD-3 Tracked Auto 1500 GL
3/7 70 500
(Russia) IFV gun 4000 7.62
AT-5 5.45
73
BMP-1 Tracked 800-1300
Smooth 7.62 3/8 65 600
(Russia) IFV 3000
AT-3
30
BMP-2 Tracked 1500-4000
Auto 7.62 3/7 65 600
(Russia) IFV 2000-4000
AT-4/5
100
gun 4000-5200
BMP-3 Tracked
AT-10 4000 7.62 3/7 70 600
(Russia) IFV
30 1500-4000
Auto
Tracked
MT-LB Multi-
7.62 1000 N/A 2/11 61.5+ 500
(Russia) purpose
Vehicle
VTT-323 2x
Tracked 1500
(N. 14.5 N/A 3/9 80 450
APC 3000
Korea) ATGM
3x3 25
WZ 551
Wheeled Auto 2000 7.62 3/10 85 600
(China)
APC gun
YW
Tracked
531A/C 12.7 800-1600 N/A 4/10 42/66 500
APC
(China)

38
 THREAT ATTACK HELICOPTERS
THREAT Armament Options Cruising Range (km): Crew/
Speed Max Load Passengers
(km/h) Normal Load
W/Aux fuel
Mi-2
Hoplite 23mm Gun
(Russia) 7.62/12.7 MG 580
57mm Rockets 194 340 1/6-8
AT-3 790
SA-7b

Mi-8 Twin 23mm Gun pod

Hip 2 x 7.62 or 1 x 12.7 MG
(Russia) 12.7 MG Pod Unk
80mm Rocket pods 225 460 2-3/24
57mm Rocket pods 950
AT-2/3
250/500 kg bombs
Mi-17 Twin 23mm Gun pod
Hip 2 x 7.62 or 1 x 12.7 MG
(Russia) 12.7 MG Pod Unk
80mm Rocket pods 240 495 2-3/24
57mm Rocket pods 1065
AT-2/3
250/500 kg bombs
Mi-24 Twin 30mm Gun
Hind 12.7 (4 barrel) MG
(Russia) Twin 23mm Gun pods Unk
80mm Rocket pods 295 450 2/8
57mm Rocket pods 950
AT-2/6
250/500 kg bombs
Mi-28 30mm Cannon
Havoc Twin 23mm Gun pod
Unk
(Russia) 4 x 57 or 80mm Rocket
260 475 2/0
pod
1100
500 kg Bomb
4 x AT-6/9
Ka-50 2 x 23mm Gun Pods
Hokum 30mm Cannon
Unk
(Russia) 500 kg Bombs
270 460 2/0
80mm Rocket
Unk
AT-16
AAM

39
 THREAT CAS AIRCRAFT
Threat Armament Options Combat Range (km)
MiG-21
23mm Gun, 30mm Gun
Fishbed 465 – 925
Bombs, Rockets
(Russia)
MiG-25
Foxbat Missiles, Bombs 1730
(Russia)
MiG-23/27 23mm Gun
Flogger 30mm Gun 1150
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets
MiG-29
Falcrum 30mm Cannon
630-1500
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets

Su-17
2 x 30mm Guns
Fitter 330 – 685
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets
Su-24D 23mm Gun
Fencer Bombs (Inc. nuclear) 950
(Russia) Rockets
Su-25 30mm Gun
Frogfoot Bombs, Rockets 556
(Russia) ATGM’s
Su-27 30mm Cannon
Flanker Gun Pods 1500
(Russia) Bombs, Rockets

THREAT AIR DEFENSE

THREAT # of Barrels & Max Effective Mobility Crew

Caliber (mm) Range (m)
M-1939 1 x 37 3000 Towed 8
(Russia)
KS-19M2 1 x 100 4000 (sight) Towed 15
(Russia) 12600 (radar)
S-60 1 x 57 4000 (sight) Towed 7
(Russia) 6000 (radar)
ZPU-4 4 x 14.5 1400 Towed 5
(Russia)
ZU-23 2 x 23 3500 Towed 5
(Russia)
Type 65 2 x 37 2500 Towed 5-8
(China)
ZSU-23-4 4 x 23 2500 SP 4
(Russia)
2S6M 2 x 30 4000 SP 4
(Russia) SA-19 8-10 km
ZSU-57-2 2 x 57 12000 SP 6
(Russia)

40
 THREAT MISSILES
Max
Effective Max # Pods/Rails x
THREAT AA Effective # SAM’s Mobility
Range Altitude Ready to Fire
(km) (km)
SA-7b
Man-portable
Grail 5.5 4.5

SA-14 Man-portable
Gremlin 6 6
SA-16
Gimlet 4.5-5.2 2-3.5 Man-portable

SA-18
Grouse 5 3.5 Man-portable

SA-3
Goa 29 18.3 2x1 N/A

SA-5
Gammon 250 29 1x1 N/A

SA-6
Gainful 25 15 3x1 SP

SA-8b
Gecko 15 12 2x2 3 x 3 Wheel

SA-10
Grumble 90 27 4x1 4 x 4 Wheel

SA-11
Gadfly 36 22 4x1 SP

SA-13b SP
Gopher 5-7 3.5 2x2
BRDM-2
SA-15b
Gauntlet 12 6 2x4 SP

41
WORLD ARTILLERY, MORTARS, AND ROCKET
LAUNCHERS

Manufacturer/ Basic BB/RAP Rate of Fire Countries Possessing

Weapon Range Range
(Meters) (Meters) Max Sust

AUSTRIA
GHN-45, 155mm towed 30,300 39,600 7/min 2/min Iran, Iraq, Thailand

BRAZIL
ASTROS II, MRL 30,000 32/min Reload Saudi Arabia, Iran,
60,000 4/min Reload Qatar
CHINA
WS-1, 320mm MRL 80,000 4/min Reload None
Type 83, 273mm MRL 40,000 4/min Reload None
Type 71, 180mm MRL 20,000 10/min Reload None
WA 021, 155mm Towed 30,000 39,000 5/min 2/min None
Type 83, 152mm Towed 30,400 38,000 4/min 2/min Iraq
Type 82/85, 130mm MRL 15,000 60/5min Reload Thailand
Type 59-1, 130mm Towed 27,500 38,000 10/min 10/min Iran, Iraq, Oman, N
Korea, Egypt, Lebanon
FRANCE
GCT, 155mm SP 23,000 29,000 6/min 2/min Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
GCT, 155mm Towed 24,000 32,000 3/18sec 6/min Arabia
MkF3, 155mm SP 20,000 25,000 3/min 1/min Cyprus
Iraq, Kuwait, UAE
GERMANY
PzH 2000, 155mm SP 30,000 40,000 3/10 sec 9/min None

IRAN
N10, 450mm MRP 150,000 1/min 2/hour None

IRAQ
ARABEL 100, 400mm 100,000 4/min Reload None
MRL 50,000 12/min Reload Frmr Yugoslavia,
ARABEL 50, 262mm MRL Bosnia Serb Army,
Croatia
ISRAEL
845, 155mm Towed 24,000 39,000 5/min 2/min None
M71, 155mm Towed 23,500 30,000 5/min 2/min Singapore, Thailand,
South Africa
ITALY
PALMARIA, 155mm SP 24,700 30,000 3/20sec 4/min Libya, Nigeria

NORTH KOREA
M1985, 240mm MRL 43,000 12/min Reload Iran
M1987, 170mm SP 40,000 UNK UNK Iran, Iraq
M46, 130mm SP 27,500 6/min 1.1/mm None
BM 11, 122mm MRL 20,500 30/min Reload PLO, Syria, Iran, Iraq,
M1981, 122mm SP 23,900 UNK UNK Uganda
M1992, 120mm SP mortar 8,700 UNK UNK None
None

42
WORLD ARTILLERY, MORTARS, AND ROCKET
LAUNCHERS, (Continued)

Manufacturer/ Basic BB/RAP Rate of Fire Countries Possessing

Weapon Range Range
(Meters) (Meters)
RUSSIA/CIS
FROG-7, MRL 70,000 1/min 1/hour Frmr Warsaw Pact, Afghan,
Algeria, Cuba, Egypt, Iraq,
North Korea, Libya, Syria,
Yemen
SMERCH, 30mm MRL 70,000 12/min Reload Kuwait, UAE
2S4, 240mm SP Mortar 9,600 18,000 1/min 40/hour Iraq, Czech Republic
M240, 240mm T 9,700 18,000 1/min 38/hour IRA, Iraq, North Korea,
Mortar Egypt
35,000 16/min Reload Oman, Lebanon
BM 27, 220mm MRL 37,500 47,000 2/min 2/min Afghanistan, Syria
2S7, 203mm SP Czech Republic, Poland,
30,400 43,800 1/min 1/2min Slovakia
2S3, 180mm Towed 20,600 24,000 4/min 1/min India, Iraq, Egypt, Syria
2S3, 152mm SP 24,700 30,000 8/min 8/min Hungary, Iraq, Libya, Syria
2S19, 152mm SP 28,400 37,000 5/min 5/min None
2S5, 152mm SP 28,400 37,000 5/min 1/min None
2A36, 152mm Towed 17,230 30,000 5/min 1/min Finland
D-20, 152mm Towed Algeria, China, Cuba,
9,800 16/min Reload Egypt, Vietnam, Frmr
BM 14, 122mm MRL Yugoslavia
Algeria, Afghanistan,
20,400 40/min Reload Cambodia, China, Egypt,
BM 21, 140mm MRL Syria, N Korea, Vietnam
15,300 22,000 8/min 1.1/min China, Egypt, India, Iran,
2S1, 122mm SP 15,300 22,000 8/min 1.1/min Iraq, North Korea, others
D-30, 122mm Towed 8,900 13,000 6/min 6/min None
2S9, 120mm SP Mortar 8,900 12,900 10/min 10/min China
2S23, 120mm SP 4,300 120/min Afghanistan
Mortar None
2B9, 82mm SP/T Hungary
Mortar
SOUTH AFRICA
G-6, 155mm SP 30,800 39,600 3/21sec 4/min UAE, Oman
G-5, 155mm Towed 30,200 39,000 3/min 3/min None
UNITED KINGDOM
FH 70, 155mm Towed 24,700 31,500 3/13sec 2/min Germany, Italy, Japan,
Saudi Arabia
FRMR
YOUGOSLAVIA 20,600 32/min Reload Bosnia, Bosnian Serb Army,
M-77, 128mm MRL Croatia, Iraq, Serbia, Monte
Negro

43
 ORDNANCE SELECTION GUIDE

Target Weapon/Ordnance

Personnel: Mortar-HE/Q or VT
In the open Artillery-HE/Q, VT or time; DPICM
NGF-HE/Q, VT or time
Air-general purpose, fuel air explosive, cluster,
firebombs, guns
In fighting holes Mortar-HE/VT
Artillery-HE/VT or time
NGF-HE/VT or time
Air-fuel air explosive, general purpose, cluster

Under light cover Mortar-HE/Delay

Artillery-HE/Delay or HE/Q/VT mix
NGF-HE/Delay
Air-general purpose, rockets, guns, cluster

Under heavy Artillery-HE/CP, HE/Q, Copperhead

cover NGF-armor piercing or HE/Delay
Air-general purpose, guided weapons

Armored vehicles Mortar- HE/Q or VT

Artillery- HE/Q, VT, or time; DPICM;
Copperhead
NGF-HE/Q or delay
Air-guided weapons, general purpose, rockets,
guns, cluster
Field Artillery Artillery-DPICM, HE/VT, WP, FASCAM
NGF-HE/Q or VT, WP
Air-cluster, guided weapons, general purpose
bombs
Antiaircraft artillery: Mortar-HE/VT, WP
Automatic Artillery-DPICM, HE/VT, WP, smoke
NGF-HE/Q or VT, WP
Air-cluster, guided weapons, general purpose
bombs, firebombs, guns

Self-propelled Same as armored vehicles

44
ORDNANCE SELECTION GUIDE, (Continued)

Missile launcher Mortar-HE/VT

Artillery-DPICM, HE/VT
NGF-HE/Q or VT
Air-missiles, guided and cluster weapons,
general purpose, firebombs
Radar Installations Mortar-HE/Q or VT
Artillery-DPICM, HE/VT
NGF-HE/Q or VT
Air-missiles, guided/cluster weapons, general
purpose, fuel air explosive, guns, rockets
Field fortifications Mortar-HE/Delay, WP
Artillery-HE/CP or delay, DPICM, WP
NGF-HE/CP or delay, HE/Q, WP
Air-general purpose, guided bombs, rockets

Supply depots/dumps Mortar-HE/VT, WP

Artillery-HE/VT or time, DPICM, WP
NGF-HE/VT or time, WP
Air-cluster, firebombs, general purpose, guided
bombs, rockets
Land transportation: Mortar-HE/Delay
Roads Artillery-HE/Delay or CP, FASCAM
NGF-HE/Delay or CP
Air-general purpose bombs

Trucks Mortar-HE/Q or VT, WP

Artillery-HE/Q or VT, DPICM, WP
NGF-HE/Q or VT, WP
Air-guided missiles and cluster weapons,
general purpose, guns, rockets
Buildings Mortar-HE/Delay, HE/Q or VT, WP
Artillery-HE/CP or delay, HE/Q, WP
NGF-HE/CP or delay, HE/Q, WP
Air-guided bombs and missiles, general purpose

45
 FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES
Permissive

Battlefield Coordination Line (BCL)

The BCL facilitates the expeditious attack of surface targets of opportunity
between the measure and the FSCL.

Coordinated Fire Line (CFL)

The CFL is a line beyond which conventional, indirect, surface fire support
means may fire at any time within the zone of the establishing headquarters without
additional coordination.

Fire Support Coordination Line (FSCL)

The FSCL delineates the coordination requirements for the attack of surface
targets beyond the coordinating measure. It applies to all fires using any type of
ammunition against surface targets. Forces attacking beyond an FSCL must coordinate
with all affected commanders in sufficient time to allow necessary reaction to avoid
fratricide.

Free Fire Area (FFA)

An FFA is a specific designated area into which any weapon system may
fire without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters.

Restrictive

No-Fire Area (NFA)

An NFA is an area where no fires or effects of fires are allowed. Two
exceptions are when establishing headquarters approves fires temporarily with the NFA
on a mission-by-mission basis, and when an enemy force within the NFA engages a
friendly force.

Restrictive Fire Area (RFA)

An RFA is an area in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which
fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without prior coordination with
the establishing headquarters.

Restrictive Fire Line (RFL)

An RFL is a line established between converging friendly forces that
prohibits fires, or effects from fires, across the line without coordination with the
affected force.

Airspace Coordination Area (ACA)

An ACA is a three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area,
established by the appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are
reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. An ACA may be formal or informal.

46
 COMMON MILITARY SYMBOLS

Fire Support Coordination Graphics

Permissive Restrictive

47
TARGETS

48
POSITION, FRAMES, UNIT SIZES

49
UNIT TYPES

50
WEAPONS, POINTS, MANEUVERS

OBSTACLES

51
52
 TARGET LIST WORK SHEET
For use of this form, see FM 6-20; the proponent agency is TRADOC
SHEET _____ OF _____
LINE TARGET # DESCRIPTION LOCATION ALTITUDE ATTITUDE SIZE SOURCE / REMARKS
# a b c d e ACCURACY i
h
LENGTH WIDTH
f g
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16
 ( ) SCHEDULING WORK SHEET
LINE ORGANIZA- FIRING REMARKS
NO. TION AND UNITS
CALIBER
 ARTILLERY/MORTAR TEMPLATE

“_____ this is _____, (AF / FFE), (POLAR / SHIFT),____________________, over”

(Target #/KN PT)

Break transmission for FDC read back

“Grid: ____________________, over”

Polar: “Dir______ Dist______ U/D______ VA______, over”

Shift: “Dir______ R/L______ +/-______ U/D______, over”

Break transmission for FDC read back

Target Description: “____________________________________________”

Method of Engagement: “____________________________________________”

(See page 6)

Method of Fire and Control: “_______________________________________, over”

(See page 7)

Break transmission for FDC read back

Message to Observer

“MTO_______________, _____________________, ________, _____________

(Firing Units) (Change to CFF) (Rds i/e) (Target Number)

_______________, __________, __________” Break “Direction ________, over”

(PEr) (Angle T) (TOF) (If using a grid mission)
Adjustments

Spotting Correction OT Factor/Notes

HOB RNG DEV L/R +/- U/D

End of Mission

“_____, _____, _____, __________, End of Mission, ________________, over”

(L/R) (+/-) (U/D) (Target #) (Surveillance)

55
 SEAD TEMPLATE

“________this is________, SEAD, (POLAR/SHIFT), ____________, over”

(FDC) (FO) (Target #/KN PT)

“Grid to Suppress_________________,

Grid to Mark _________________, over” (‘Negative Mark’ if Arty is not

marking)

“____________________________, ______________________________
(ADA system type) (Shell/Fuze, if other than standard)

______________________________________________
(Interrupted/Continuous/Non-standard, include timeline)

CAS TOT____________, over”

Timelines

56
 SMOKE TEMPLATE

Quick Smoke

“_______, this is _______, adjust fire, over”

(FDC) (FO)

“Grid __________, over”

“Screen _______________________,
(Target Description)

Length: __________________

MTL: ___________________

DIR: ___________________

Time: ___________________, smoke in effect, over”

Friendly Enemy
Forces Location

57
 NAVAL GUNFIRE TEMPLATE

“_____ this is _____, Fire Mission, target number ________________, over”

(assign from block)

Break transmission for ship read back

“Grid: ____________, Altitude ____________, Direction ____________,

Polar: “Dir ____________ Dist ____________ U/D ____________ ,

Shift: “From reference point (target number) ____________, Dir ____________,

R/L ____________ +/- ____________ U/D ____________,

Include

Target Description: ________________________________________

Method of Engagement: ________________________________________

(See page 23)

Method of Control: ________________________________________, over”

(See page 24)

Break transmission for ship read back

Pre-Firing Report

“_______________, _______________, Ready, _______________, Break…. Fire, over”

(GTL) (LOF/illum only) (TOF)

“First Salvo at _______________, _______________, _______________”

(Point of Aim) (Summit) (Changes)

Adjustments

Spotting Correction OT Factor/Notes

HOB RNG DEV L/R +/- U/D

End of Mission

“_____, _____, _____, Record as Target ________, End of Mission, ___________, over”
(L/R) (+/-) (U/D) (Target #) (Surveillance)

58
 GURF REPORT

LINE A (Call Sign): _______________________________________

LINE B (Ship off-station): ________________________________________

LINE C (Firing Loc/Track): _______________________________________

LINE D (Reduced Cap): ________________________________________

LINE E (Ammo Avail/Type):_______________________________________

LINE F (Other): ________________________________________

59
(This page intentionally left blank.)

60
 COMMUNICATIONS FREQUENCY CHART

Net (Type) Primary Secondary Callsign

TACP Local (VHF) _________ _________ _________

TAR (HF) _________ _________ _________

TAD 1 (UHF/VHF) _________ _________ _________

TAD 2 (UHF/HF) _________ _________ _________

FAC (A) (UFH/VHF) _________ _________ _________

TAC (A) (HF/UHF) _________ _________ _________

LF FSCC (VHF) _________ _________ _________

BN FSCC (VHF) _________ _________ _________

ARTY COF (VHF) _________ _________ _________

MORTAR COF (VHF) _________ _________ _________

NGF SPOT (HF) _________ _________ _________

CO TAC 1 (VHF) _________ _________ _________

CO TAC 2 (VHF) _________ _________ _________

BN TAC 1 (VHF) _________ _________ _________

BN TAC 1 (VHF) _________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________ _________

______ ______ ______ ______

61