Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Castro, Fidel. Cuba, Letter, from Prime Minister Castro to Chairman Khrushchev. October 28, 1962. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev communicated by sending letters to each other. This letter had several meaningful passages and was used for quotes from Fidel Castro on the web page.

Castro, Fidel. Prime Minister Fidel Castros letter to Premier Khrushchev, October 26, 1962. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org. While the Cuban Missile Crisis was going on, letters were being sent between the different parties involved in order to communicate thoughts and options regarding the different leaders and their viewpoints and positions. There were quotes used from this letter in the website to support Fidel Castros stand on the crisis.

Dobrynin, A. USSR, Cable, TOP SECRET, Dobrynin Report of Meeting with Robert Kennedy on Worsening Threat. October 27, 1962. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.cubanmissilecrisis. While researching additionally for quotes for the web page, we found this translated cable from Mr. Dobrynin to Nikita Khrushchev detailing his private meeting with the Attorney General of the United States, Robert Kennedy. It described the escalating situation and the extreme urgency of a decision by Nikita Khrushchev to respond to the terms within one day. Subsequently, it also established that the initial negotiations about the removal of weapons from Turkey, was confidential and that only President Kennedy, Robert Kennedy and two or three other people knew about it in Washington.

Kennedy, John F. President John F. Kennedys Speech Announcing the Quarantine against Cuba, October 22, 1962. Washington, October 22, 1962. Web. 5 Oct. 2013. https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kencuba.htm.

This is the transcript of the actual speech President Kennedy made to address the American people on national television, October 22, 1962. He details what had transpired up until that time regarding the missile crisis, and listed out the seven initial steps the Soviets were to take immediately toward a resolution. This source is used to demonstrate the responsibility the President had towards the people of the United States, as well as, the western hemisphere. It also shows the diplomacy the president had in dealing with the foreign leaders to have an amicable resolution.

Kennedy, John F. John F. Kennedy: State of the Union message (1961). American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. https://americanhistory.abcclio.com/Search/Display/254558?terms=Cuban+missile+crisis In using this speech for the project, we address his comments on the Soviets exploiting Cuba. President Kennedy takes a firm stand regarding Communism and this Hemisphere. This gives credibility to his leadership and responsibility to the people of the United States.

Khrushchev, Nikita. Khrushchev Letter to President Kennedy. Moscow, 24 October 1962. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/x2jfk.html. Khrushchevs letter to John F. Kennedy on October 24, 1962, is a primary source, describing why Khrushchev was resisting the quarantine of Cuba. This will help our project, because it shows part of the Russian point of view. He addresses the quarantine, as well as, the rights and responsibilities of the Russian ship captains to follow International Waters Laws, not the blockade instructions of the American Naval Forces. We will use this as a document, and as information needed for our project.

Khrushchev, Nikita. Nikita Khrushchev: Speech to the RFSR Teachers Congress on Cuba, Moscow, July 9, 1960. Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1960khrushchev-cuba1.html. This speech given by Nikita Khrushchev in July of 1960; clearly shows his support for the Cuban people and states his intent to place Soviet rocket fire in Cuba if necessary. The speech indicates his responsibility as a socialist leader to support his kind in Cuba.

Khrushchev, Nikita. USSR, Letter, from Chairman Khrushchev to Prime Minister Castro. October 28, 1962. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.cubanmissilecrisis.

Communications between the Communist leaders, Nikita Khrushchev and Fidel Castro were mostly in the form of letters. This is one in which we utilized quotes from Nikita Khrushchev for the web page.

McAuliffe, Mary S. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA Documents on Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, CIA History Staff, October 1962. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/booksand-monographs/Cuban%20Missile%20Crisis1962.pdf. These are the actual documents the CIA compiled before, during and after the Cuban Missile Crisis. They are declassified or edited and include maps, timetables, memorandums, cables and meeting discussions. We will use this information to describe in detail how the missiles were found and how John F. Kennedy used his power to fulfill his responsibilities as president. This source will provide the detailed information from the United States perspective, from the beginning through the end of the crisis and into the post-crisis.

Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur. White House, Post Mortem on Cuba. October 29, 1962. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org. One of President John F. Kennedys advisors wrote a memorandum for the president before he made his speech about the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis. There were some very good quotes that were utilized in our website from this memorandum.

Unknown Photographer. Photo Gallery. Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Cuban Missile Crisis. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. https://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org/background/original-historic-sources/photo-gallery/. These photographs from the Cuban Missile Crisis provide a visual element to the crisis. They show photographs of the key decision makers aiding President Kennedy, round table meetings in the White House, President Kennedy signing documents, as well as, pictures of the actual missile launch sites in Cuba. Many of these photographs will be used to gain a better understanding of how close to American soil the missiles actually came, along with being utilized as visual aids for this project.

Secondary Sources

Kapcia, Antoni. Cuba. World Book Student. World Book, 2013. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/printarticle?id=ar142820&ss=h29. The summary of this article lends to the background of Cuba and their relationships with the United States and the Soviet Union. Having a broader knowledge of the issues between the U.S. and Cuba helps to understand the difficulties between the two countries and what lead to the demise of the relationship. This in turn promoted a stronger relationship with the Soviets, which they utilized to the fullest.

Roberts, Priscilla. 50th Anniversary of the Cuban Missile Crisis: Background. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. http://americanhistory.abcclio.com/Feature/Story/1758601?cid=1758599&terms=cuban+missile+crisis. This article helps to build a greater understanding of the missile crisis and the aftermath. It enlightens us to the consequences that happened for each of the countries involved, along with the effect it had on the leaders. Nikita Khrushchev was removed from power not long afterward due in part to the missile crisis. Fidel Castro was upset and resentful towards both the United States and the Soviet Union. While John F. Kennedy, using great poise and grace, lead the negotiations and removal of the missiles. This was his finest hour with regards to foreign affairs during his presidency.

Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, October 16, 1962. Source: U. S., Department of State, FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1961-1963, Volume XI, Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/sovtel.htm. Utilization of this telegram for the project shows the responsibility Mr. Khrushchev took upon himself for the people of Cuba. He addressed with examples of other foreign countries, the issue of rights for the bases in each of those countries, as well as, his negative attitude towards the United States being everywhere across the world. Overall, this article supports Mr. Khrushchevs relationship with Cuba and his objection to the U.S. blockade in Cuba.

The Leaders. Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Cuban Missile Crisis. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. https://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org/background/dramatis-personae/the-leaders/.

This source helps us gain an understanding of each of the leaders involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis. It details the backgrounds, political positions, and stand on the missile crisis for all three leaders, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, and John F. Kennedy. We are able to utilize and apply this background knowledge on the three leaders for our project.

Unknown Author. Cold War: Cuban Missile Crisis. Revelations from the Russian Archives. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/colc.html. This article describes the Cuban Missile Crisis along with the reason Khrushchev began sending the missiles to Cuba. It is applicable to our project for the background information, as well as, the listing of the letters and the dates of the letters between John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev during the negotiation process.

Unknown Author. Cuban Missile Crisis. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Cuban-MissileCrisis.aspx. The summary of this source talks about how John F. Kennedy reacted to missile sites being built in Cuba. In October 1962, an American U-2 plane spotted missiles in Cuba. John F. Kennedy soon heard of this news and decided to take action secretly. He and Soviet leaders knew that there was a chance of a nuclear war, so to prevent that, the missiles had to be removed. The Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, after days of negotiations with President Kennedy, removed the missiles from Cuba. This information helps us to understand the responsibility that President Kennedy had toward the resolution of this crisis.

Photographs and Videos

A Soviet Missile Base in Cuba. IRC, 2005. Image. Discovery Education. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.discoveryeducation.com/. Cuban Missile Crisis: Nikita Khrushchev. Oct. 16, 1962. Image. Google Images. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. Executive Committee. Image. Oct. 29, 1962. Harvard University. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://cubanmissilecrisis.org.

Fidel Castro. IRC, 2005. Image. Discovery Education. Web 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.discoveryeducation.com/. Fidel Castro with Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow. 1963. Image. Google Images. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. Kennedy addresses the nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis. Video. Youtube.forquignon. Nov. 5, 2006. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. Kennedy Signs the Proclamation for Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba, October 23, 1962. Image. John F. Kennedy Library. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/The-Cold-War.aspx. Khrushchev and Kennedy, 1961. Image. John F. Kennedy Library. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/The-Cold-War.aspx. Map of Missile Range in Cuba. Oct. 1962. Image. Harvard University. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://cubanmissilecrisis.org. Reconnaissance Objective in Cuba. Image. Oct. 5, 1962. Harvard University. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://cubanmissilecrisis.org. Remembering the Dark Days of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Video. Youtube.SmithsonianMagazine. Oct. 15, 2012. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. Soviet Ship Departing Cuba. Image. Oct. 1962. Harvard University. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://cubanmissilecrisis.org. Tames, George. The Loneliest Job (JFK in the Oval Office). Image. Oct. 1962. New York Times/Redux. Harvard University. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. http://cubanmissilecrisis.org.