" "

2011-2010
:
) 8 ) (1(

) 15(

:
-1 t
t:
j

x i x
Sd

=t

=x i ) (i
=x j ) (j
S d
:

2 MS E
=Sd
n

1
1
S d = MS E +
ni ni

t t
.
-2 Least significant difference
.L.S.D
) ( S d ) (t % 5 % 1
LSD :
( S d ) LSD(0.05 or 0.01)= t(0.05 or 0.01) X
LSD %5 %1
LSD ) ((Difference>= LSD(0.05 or 0.01
LSD .
) 7(
)(2
Randomization procedure
) (T1,T1,T3,T4 ) ( )(C1,C2,C3,C4
) ).(R1,R2,R3,R4
-1 : Design Layout

C4
T4
T1
T3
T2

) ( )(Column
K=1,4
C2
C3
T2
T3
T4
T2
T1
T4
T3
T1

)
(
)(Row
R1
R2
R3
R4

C1
T1
T3
T2
T4

.
:

(Treatment (t
)(..Xi
) ( x i

T1

T2

T3

T4

X1..

X2..

X3

X4

x1

x2

x3

x4

-2 Mathematical Model
X ijk= +ti + rj +c k +eijk

= Xijk ) ( j
)(= k. =ti = i rj =j ck k
= eijk ) ( Random error
2e

 :3 ): (4x4

Mean
squares
((MS

F
F value

(Sum of squares (SS

MS t
.
MS E

= F

SSt/r-1

C.F .

MS R
.
MS E

=F

SSR/r-1

. C.F .

MS C
.
MS E

=F

SSc/r-1
SSE/(r-1)(r(2

2
i.

X
j

2
j.

C.F .

r
2
.k

X
k

= SS t

= SS R

= SS C

]SSE=SST-[SSt+SSR+SSC
C .F .

2
jk

X
k

= SS Total
j

d.f

r-1

r-1

r-1

Source Of Variation

Treatments

Rows

Columns

)(r-1)(r-2

Error

R2-1

Total

-4 :
.

:
) 8 ) (1(
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

) 15(

)(2

) 7(
:

k
(o E ) 2
x 2 =

E
i =1

5.70

74.4

95

46.02

86.8

150

5.48

86.8

65

0.26

110.4

105
260

133.64
8.87

128.8
128.8

95

4.19
0.49
48.00

55.2
64.4
64.4

40
70
120

*252.65

4 9.49

) 15(

- ) 6(
-1 :
- ) :(Continuous Variable

Metric characters

.
- ) :(Discrete Variable
Mertistic
characters


... .
- ) : (Binary Variable
) (1
)( . all or none
- )) :Variety Value
) ( X
) ( X1 ) ... ( X2 ) . ( X n
-2 Conditional probability
non- independent
) ( E1 ) ( E2 :
(P(E1 E2) = P (E1) X P(E2 / E1
(P(E2/ E1 )E
(2 ) (E1 :
) (E E
P( E 2 / E 1) = 1 2
)P( E 1
(P(E1/E2
) ( E 1E 2
= ) P ( E 1/ E 2
) P( E 2
) P(E1 ( P(E2 . )E1/ E2)= P(E1) P
E2& E1.
-3 .
) (C.V .
S
X 100 = (Coefficient of variability (CV
x

-4 :
-1 Randomization

.
-2 :Replication

Experimental unit .
-3 :Control treatment

 )) control

.
-4 Experimental Design

.
-5 Experimental Techniques:


.
-6 Experimental Units


...
.
-7 Experimental Size
.
- 5
.
9 ) -(
:
190.42 Mean X =35.33
195.39 Mean y =43.09
178.76




0.93

X
34.8
36.5
50.5

= x
= y
= xy

0.93

0.94

42.6
44.2
57.3

= Y = a+bX
a= 43.09-(35.33*0.94)= 9.88

- y

:
)(1

) 15(

) 10(
:
Xijk= +Ai+Bj +(AB)ij+eijk

.

Significa
d.f
SS
MS
F
nt

S.O.V.

2.25 non
0.0192 non
0.1346 non

6.5
0.0556
0.3889
2.8889

420.5
13
0.06
0.78
34.67
48.5

2
1
2
12
17

c.f
A
B
AB
Error
Total

= 0.694
:
Differenc
LSR
e
)(5%
Sig.
1.0
2.14
non
1.33
2.24
non
0.33
2.14
non

P
2
3
2

Comp. Means
1,2
1,3
2,3

)( ) 5(
:
- Histogram

- Frequency
polygon

- Frequency
: curve

-
Frequency distribution chart

 . /