Dynamics

Force: a push or pull, it is a vector quantity that requires both magnitude and direction.
Some subscripts used;
 = force of gravity

 = normal force – 90 to surface – contact force/net force

 = friction – contact force

Free body diagram (FBD): drawing in which only the object being analyzed is drawn, with
arrows showing all the forces acting on the object.
– One object
– Draw object as point (centre of mass)
– Convenient co-ordinate system
– Forces drawn as arrows (vectors) proportionality
– Cannot show kinematics

Newton’s first law: a body will continue in its initial state or rest or motion, with uniform
velocity, unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force


Newton’s second law: if a body undergoing uniform motion is acted upon by an external
unbalanced force, it will experience an acceleration proportional to the force and inversely
proportional to its mass. Bigger push  more acceleration, larger object  less
acceleration
F = ma

Newton’s third law: for every action force on a body, there exists an equal and opposite
reaction force on another body (action/reaction).
Force uses Newton’s (N): 1N = (1kg/m) / (s2)

Gravity: Fgravity = mg gravity = force / mass g=F/m

Universal gravity: Newton developed the law of universal gravitation to describe gravitational
force between any two masses anywhere in the universe.
Fg = (Gm1m2) / d2
G = 6.67 x 10-11 ((Nm2) / (kg2))

Friction: a contract reaction force, it depends on the two surfaces in contact and is measured
using a coefficient of friction, µ, so that...
There are two types of friction: static friction and kinetic friction (e.g. moving). Static friction
can increase to maximum value and then once the subject starts moving, kinetic friction takes
over.
µ static > µ kinetic