Energy, work and power

Energy: the capacity to do “work”. Measured in Joules (J), 1J = (kg m2)/(s2).

Different types of energy: kinetic, elastic, potential, electrical, thermal, gravitational potential,
nuclear potential, chemical potential, radiant, sound.
(Named after how it is created or stored)

Energy transformation: the change from one form of energy to another

Example:
Microwave oven

Work: the energy (measured in Joules) transferred to an object by an applied force over a
measured distance.
Work = (magnitude of the applied force) x (magnitude of the displacement)
W = FΔd

Mechanical energy (ME): the sum of gravitational potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE)
ME = PE + KE

Potential energy (PE): the ability of a system to do work due to its position or internal position
Potential energy = (mass) x (gravity) x (height)
PE = mgh
Gravity= 9.8 N/kg

Kinetic energy: the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion
Kinetic energy = ((mass) x (velocity))2 / 2
KE = (mv2) / 2 or KE = ½ mv2

Conservative: non-dissipative, path independent (gravity) (PE + KE)B = (PE + KE)A

Non-conservative: dissipative, path dependent (friction) (PE + KE)B = (PE + KE)A + WNC

Efficiency: how efficient something is depends on the ratio of the energy that comes in, to the
energy that comes out.

Power (P): the rate of doing work or transforming energy, or the rate at which energy is used or
supplied. Measured in Watts, 1W = (1J/1s).
P = W / Δt