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DOC. NO
GMS-40-CS-014
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DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2
2. REFERENCE.................................................................................................................. 3
3. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................. 3
4. LOCATION DATA........................................................................................................... 4
5. DESIGN CONCEPT ....................................................................................................... 4
6. DESIGN METHOD IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION .................... 5
7. CALCULATION FORMULA ............................................................................................ 6
8. INTERFERENCE............................................................................................................ 9
8.1. Stray Current on Metallic Structures..................................................................... 9
8.1.1. At Area of Current Pick-Up ..................................................................... 10
8.1.2. Along the Structure Parallel Line (Parallel Line) ..................................... 10
8.1.3. At the Stray Current Discharge Location ................................................ 10
8.2. List of Instrument and Equipment......................................................................... 10
8.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................. 11
8.4. Interference Testing.............................................................................................. 11
8.5. Mitigation .............................................................................................................. 12
8.5.1. Install Interference Bond ......................................................................... 12
8.5.2. Installation of Galvanic Anodes............................................................... 12
8.5.3. Using Coating to Mitigate Interference Effects........................................ 12
8.5.4. Install/burying a metallic shield next to the affected structure................. 13
1. INTRODUCTION
This document is to define the requirement of onshore pipeline cathodic protection system
for Gunung Megang – Singa pipeline and underground plant piping at Gunung Megang
Booster Station.
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
The pipeline is coated with 1 layer epoxy primer and 2 layers PE wrapping tape. And also
protected by impressed current cathodic protection system with deep well groundbed type
installation.
2. REFERENCE
GMC-L-RE-001 Rev.A : Design Basis for 10” Gunung Megang – Singa Pipeline
3. DEFINITIONS
4. LOCATION DATA
5. DESIGN CONCEPT
The external surface of pipeline shall be protected with combination an anti corrosion
coating and Cathodic Protection; where Impressed Current Cathodic Protection will be
used.
Design of the Impressed Current Cathodic Protection shall be 20 years life time.
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
The other criteria and requirement of Clause 6.2 of NACE RP-0169 may be applied to
determine whether cathodic protection has been successfully achieved. These other
criteria shall be utilized only when it is not possible to achieve a polarized potential of -900
mV (CSE)
With specific regard to pipeline sections in high – resistivity aerated sandy soil condition,
less negative values may be acceptable – refer to Clause 6.2.2.3 of NACE PR-0169.
Acceptable lesser negative values may clearly laid out in ISO 15589-1 and reproduced
below for convenience.
Soil Resistivity Measurement required for Cathodic Protection design shall be obtained by
Contractor.
At any pipeline crossing or where pipeline running in parallel; where interference may
occured, the existing pipelines at crossing or parallel to be protected shall be either
insulated or shall be taken into account in the Cathodic Protection design.
The Impressed Current Cathodic Protection will include the following main material:
• Transformer Rectifier
• Mixed Metal Oxide Anode
• Cables
• Test Station
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
The methodology used for the Impressed Current Anode design is in accordance with the
recommendation stipulated in NACE RP-0169. Based on this methodology a calculation
sheet will be made to estimate the Cathodic Protection requirements.
The design of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System for Gunung Megang – Singa
pipeline will be based on document no: GMG-L-RE-001.
Based on the above mentioned data, a calculation will be made to obtain the following:
• Surface Area
• Current requirement
• Quantity of anodes
• Resistance of groundbed
• Resistance of cable
• Total Resistance
• Transformer Rectifier DC Output Capacity Requirement
• Attenuation calculation
7. CALCULATION FORMULA
The protected area for pipeline is calculated according to the following formula:
SA = π x OD x Lp
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
Where:
SA = Surface Area to be protected (m2)
OD = Outside diameter of pipe (m)
Lp = Length of pipe (m)
π = 3.1415
The total protective current required is calculated according to the following formula:
Im = (Cr x SA x I )
Where:
Im = Current requirement (A)
Cr = Mean coating breakdown factors ( 3%)
SA = Surface area to be protected (sqm)
I = Current density in milliampere per square meter (A/sqm)
Q = Ip / la
Where:
Q = Quantity of anode required (pcs)
Ip = Current requirement (A)
Ia = Current output of each anode
Rg = Ra + Rb x Inf
Where:
Rg = Total Resistance of Groundbed
Ra=
Where:
Ra = Resistance anode to backfill (ohm-m)
P = Calcined Petroleum coke breeze backfill Resistivity (ohm-cm)
NA = Number of Anode
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
Rb =
Where:
Rb = Resistance backfill to soil (ohm-m)
Ps = Soil resistivity (ohm-cm)
L = Length of column Calcined Petroleum coke breeze backfill in feet
d = Diameter of Column Calcined Petroleum coke breeze backfill in feet
e. Resistance of Cable
Where:
Rc = Resistance of Cable (ohm-m)
Lc = Length of Cable (m)
Csq = Cable Cross Section (mm2)
f. Total Resistance
R Total = Rg + Rc
Total DC voltage rating of the power supplies to achieve the desire DC current
output is calculated by the following equation:
h. Attenuation Calculation
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
α =
r
L = Longitudinal Resistance of pipeline. This will Calculated by following formula:
r
L = ra / a
ra = r25 x [1 + δ (T – To)]
r25 = Average steel resistivity for grade API 5L – X56 steel at 25oC (ohm-m)
d = Temperature coefficient of resistance = 0.00306
T = 93.33oC
o
To = 25 C
a = Surface area of pipe per meter length = OD x π x 1
E = Wall thickness of pipe
r
T = Transversal resistance of pipe ( ). This calculated by following formula:
r
T = rs / a
8. INTERFERENCE
Stray currents are currents through electrical paths other than the intended circuit.
Stray current is not galvanic corrosion current between anodes on the same
structure. Stray current or interference current can refer to either alternating current
(AC) or direct current (DC). AC stray current is more of a safety hazard than a
corrosion problem. DC stray current causes significant corrosion of most metals.
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
Specifically, the subject matter dealt within this document relates to stray current
caused by operation of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System for Gunung
Megang – Singa pipeline to foreign crossing and/or parallel pipelines in the area.
Stray currents will occur if foreign pipeline crosses a groundbed voltage gradient and
it will promote current pick-up on the foreign pipeline within the area of influence.
Because current is picked up on the foreign pipeline, then current must discharge
outside the area of influence.
Stray current in metallic structure does not usually cause damage between
the stray current pick-up and discharge location unless the current is very
large (close to anode groundbed)
The Interference testing will be carried out using the following the
instrument/equipment:
4) Clamp ammeter
5) Electrician hand tools
All equipments will be calibrated and should have valid calibration certificates where
required.
8.3. Criteria
Three (3) criteria are commonly used in determining the adequacy of the mitigation:
1) The “NO SWING” criterion may be applied. This requires that the potential of the
effected pipeline does not shift in the positive direction when the foreign rectifier
cycles from off to on. This criterion is reasonably applicable to well coated
pipelines but maybe unnecessarily severe.
A “NATURAL POTENTIAL” criterion maybe applied. The affected pipe is to be
returned to the potential existing before the interference began by the installation by
mitigation measures such as an interference bond. In many cases the natural
potential may be very difficult to determine.
A “NO CORROSION” criterion may be applied. If it can be shown that the affected
pipeline is cathodically protected and meets the applicable potential criterion (criteria
for protection as defined ISO 15589-1:2003) for full cathodic protection then no
additional measures need by taken.
1) Cycling the rectifiers ON and OFF will require the installation of GPS current the
interrupters on all cathodic protection current sources likely to influence the area
of the affected pipe crossing.
2) The pipe-to-soil potential measurements will require the installation a high
impedance DC voltmeter, portable copper/copper sulphate reference electrode
and a set of test lead wires.
3) A copper/copper sulphate reference electrode will be placed in the soil directly
over the pipeline. Make sure that there is good low resistant contact between the
soil & reference electrode. In dry soil it may be necessary to use some water to
wet a small area of soil.
4) Connect the lead wire of the reference electrode to the negative terminal of the
voltmeter. Connect the positive terminal of the voltmeter to the Pipelines via the
test station terminal (this will result a negative polarity on the DC display of digital
voltmeter).
DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF Doc No. : GMS-40-CS-014
5) Adjust the voltmeter to the 2-Volt DC meter range and turn the meter on.
6) Observe and record the potential value at each test station location.
7) Records “ON” and “OFF” readings.
8.5. Mitigation
If the shift is more than allowed by BS-7361-Part 1: 1991 – 9.3.3.2, i.e. 20 mV, then a
number of methods can be used to lessen the harmful effects of stray currents as
listed below:
The intent of a buried metallic conductor is to intercept the stray current and
thus provide an alternative low resistance path for the stray current compared
to the metallic structure path. Connecting the metallic shield, which could be
a bare cable or pipe, directly to the negative terminal of the transformer
rectifier would more effective. This is applied to anodic Interference. i.e.
foreign pipeline crosses a groundbed voltage gradient.