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Culture Documents
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HANDOUTS
For
Book 3
Book 2
Page
1
4
6
7
11
12
16
17
22
25
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
23:100 By no means
(surely)! it is a (mere)
word
37:64 Surely it is a
tree
Inna
Page 1
41:33 I am surely of
those who submit.
19:30 Surely I am a
servant of Allah
Inna
Page 2
(
)
33:35 SHAKIR: Surely the men who submit and the women who submit, and the believing men and the believing women, and the obeying
men and the obeying women, and the truthful men and the truthful women, and the patient men and the patient women and the humble men
and the humble women, and the almsgiving men and the almsgiving women, and the fasting men and the fasting women, and the men who
guard their private parts and the women who guard, and the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember-- Allah has
prepared for them forgiveness and a mighty reward.
Page 3
Inna
is a lm with a fathah prefixed to the mubtada for the sake of emphasis, e.g.
And indeed the remembrance of Allah is the greatest ` (Quran, 29:45)
And indeed a believing slave girl is better than a mushrikah
.
does not change the ending of the mubtada.
Please remember that the
prefixed to a pronoun, e.g.,
)
( to slide, glide, slip and to roll =
We have seen lm al-ibtid e.g.
Now we want to use
After its removal from its original position the lm is no longer called lm al-ibtid . It is now called
Emphatic Lam
Page 4
Some examples of
and of
( The skating lm ) from the
Quran
Emphatic Lam
Page 5
Some Examples of
from Quran
3:36 and Allah knew best what she brought
forth-- and the male is not like the female
3:167 They say with their mouths what is
of the worlds.
7:67 He said: O my people! there is no folly
in me, but I am an messenger of the Lord of
the worlds.
11: He said: O Nuh! surely he is not of
your family
11:81 surely their appointed time is the
29:68 Will not in hell be the abode of the
unbelievers?
39:36 Is not Allah sufficient for His
servant?
39:37 is not Allah Mighty, the Lord of
retribution?
He is the Hearing, the Seeing.
43:51 O my people! is not the kingdom of
Egypt mine? And these rivers flow beneath
me
46:32 and he shall not have guardians
besides Him, these are in manifest error.
46:34 Is it not true? They shall say: Aye!
by our Lord!
.
48:11 They say with their tongues what is
true friend,
95:8 Is not Allah the best of the Judges?
Laissa in Quran
Page 6
The verb
( he did) has been adopted by the scholars of Arabic grammar as the NORM ( Pattern, Model,
Archetype, Standard or
) for the
(he wrote); here is the first radical or
and
Now the important fact is that in all the three letter verbs in their root form, which is the past tense
(
),
, is always Fatah .
, may have any of the three vowel signs: Fatah, Kasrah or Dummah.
The second radical -
The third radical -
, is again always Fatah.
has a Dummah.
has a Kasrah and
, for instance, has Fatah on the second radical,
) the above verbs have Fatah.
On the first and third radicals (
- of the past tense -
- will be
observed when the three letter verb is put in the present tense -
. That is to say that in the
In other words, one can say that in the three letter verbs all the action takes place on the second radical
Page 7
Are you able to figure out what the poem really means? Try to memorize it.
Triliteral Verbs
Page 8
A changes into U
A changes into I
A remains same A
U will always be U
= Groups.
If in the
But if it has Dummah on the
in
then in
If the
has a Kasrah in
Triliteral Verbs
:
.
:
.
:
or
- I)
:
.
Page 9
He writes
x
But it can also be present
NIL
Hidden =
Dummah
in the sentence
Alif of Dual
Waw of Plural
Alif of Dual
She writes
Dummah
They (2 women) write
They (more than 2 women)
write
Always Hidden
Alif of Dual
Waw of Plural
Dummah
Always Hidden
Always Hidden
Dummah
We (male or female) write
Alif of Dual
Dummah
Pre
fix
(*)
- (
)
- ( )
Hidden -
NIL
- (
)
- (
)
- ( )
) -
- (
)
NIL
Hidden =
NIL
Hidden =
Hidden =
NIL
To negate
) , is brought before it. For example: The girl
, the particle , called
does not read:
The
or
also contains the meaning of future in itself along with present but prefixing it with
(
) makes it for future only. For example:
The student will write
.
or
is placed before
Triliteral Verbs
Page 10
Page 11
Moods of Mudaria
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 12
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-U
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Sound Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 13
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-I
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Sound Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 14
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-A
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Sound Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 15
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: I-A
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Sound Verbs
Type of Khabar
Nominal Sentence
Verbal Sentence
.
.
+
Prepositional Phrase
.
.
Page 16
Adverbial Phrase
Types of Khabar
In English it is called the Verbal Noun. It is a noun formed from a verb but NOT serving as the verb of the
sentence. There are three types of verbal nouns in English, namely:
1. Infinitive
2. Participle
3. Gerund.
(For our understanding of ALMASDAR ALMUAVVAL, we will study only the Infinitives and the Gerunds.)
Infinitives: It is a verb form having the characteristics of both verb and noun and usually being used with to. The
infinitive starts with the word to and is followed by the base form of the verb (the form you would look if you
were looking the word up in a dictionary).
* To learn Arabic is Muhammads goal. (to learn is an infinitive which acts as the subject of the sentence.)
*Muhammad wants to memorize the Quran. (to memorize is an infinitive which acts as the direct object of the
verb wants - Wants what? wants to memorize).
We could say, then, the infinitive is a verb Noun.
It is like a noun because:
a) it can be the subject,
b) it can be the object of a verb.
It is like a verb because:
1) it expresses an action,
2) it can have an object.
An Infinitive can be the subject of a verb or an object. It may be governed by an adverb or by a preposition. If the
Infinitive is formed from a transitive verb it can take an object.
Gerunds: There is another part of the verb, besides the infinitive, that is partly a noun and partly a verb. It always
ends in ing; e.g. running, reading, talking. It is called the GERUND.
Gerunds end in ing and serve as nouns.
*Swimming is good for health. (Swimming is a Gerund serving as the subject of the sentence). One can also
change swimming to to swim. (To swim is good for health)
*Fatima loves cooking Biryani. (Cooking is a Gerund, acting as a direct object of the verb loves - loves what? =
loves cooking Biryani). One can also change cooking to to cook. (Fatima loves to cook Biryani.)
A Gerund can be the subject of a verb or an object. It may be governed by an adverb or by a preposition. If the
gerund is formed from a transitive verb it can take an object.
Please read carefully the hand out of the AMASDAR ALMUAVVAL in Arabic and see how the infinitive and
gerund are formed in Arabic Language which is equal to:
Masdar-Muawallu
Page 17
= Noun
)
(
)
(
)
)
(
(
)
(
)
)
:
(
)
(
) :
Page 18
Masdar-Muawallu
(
)
(
(
(
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
(
)
Page 19
Masdar-Muawallu
.
.
.
)
(
)
(.
.
(
)
(
)
Page 20
Masdar-Muawallu
)
(
)
(.
Page 21
)Quran (2:184
)
:
)
(
(.
Masdar-Muawallu
( )
( )
He placed /
put
He fell
He granted /
blessed
He slept
He feared
He was about
to do
He stopped
doing / ceased
He
willed /
wanted
He sold
He
walked
He
remained
He feared
He met
He arrived /
reached
He
promised
He stopped
/ stood
He
weighed
He came
He lived
(
)
He forgot
He found
He was /
remained absent
He
measured
He
increased
He saw
He forbade /
prevented
He attempted /
moved / ran
He
walked
He ran
He ironed
Verbs - Weak
He guarded /
shielded /
protected
He spent /
passed
He wept
He
(
came
)
He gave (someone)
to drink, to irrigate,
to water
He built
He folded
bought
( )
He threw
He guided
Group A - U
Group A - A
He said /
told
He was
He got up
He visited
He tasted
He went
around
He fasted
He
repented
He invited
He
complained
He recited
He erased
He
forgave
He hoped
( )
Group I - A
Page 22
He found
He arrived/
reached
He promised
He stopped/
stood
He weighed
He placed/
put
He fell
He granted/
blessed
He said/ told
He was
He got up
He visited
He tasted
He went
around
He fasted
He repented
He came
He sold
He walked
He lived
He was/
remained
absent
He measured
He increased
He slept
He feared
He was about
to do
He stopped
doing/ceased
He willed/
wanted
Page 23
Verbs - Weak
Page 24
He invited
He
complained
He recited
He erased
He forgave
He hoped
He walked
He ran
He threw
He wept
He came
He gave
drink/to water
He built
He guided
He folded
He ironed
He guarded/
protected
He spent/
passed
He saw
He forbade/
prevented
He attempted/
moved/ ran
He forgot
He remained
He feared
He met
Verbs - Weak
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 25
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-I
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 26
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-A
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 27
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-U
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 28
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-I
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 29
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: I-A
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 30
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-U
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 31
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: A-I
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
)(Verb
)(Active Participle
Page 32
Must do
Dont do
Didnt do
Will not do
)(Passive Participle
)(Group: I-A
)(Verbal Noun
:
Conjugation Weak Verbs
The Verb -
( i.e.
(
)
(
)
:
(
)
:
(
:
)
(
:
)
(
)
(
)
nd
* If the 2 and 3
rd
radicals
i.e.
:
:
radicals are both weak, it is called
(
)
Classification of Verbs
(Weak Verbs)
1) Has
in any of 3
radicals.
2) The 2nd and 3rd radicals are
not identical.
( :)
(
:
)
( sound)
(
)
:
Page 33
Syntax =
Dictionary meaning:
Dictionary meaning:
etc. etc
Morphology of Syntax
Page 34
Meaning,
Usage and Relationship
Regular
Causative, Intensive
or Denominative
Reciprocal Attempt
or Reciprocal
Reflexive of 2
Reflexive of 3
Passive of 1
Reflexive of 1
Colour / Defects
Causative / Reflexive
www.LQToronto.com
Causative
Page 35
- NOUNS
...
He studied
I got down from the car, then I took down the child.
I studied Arabic.
* Strengthening of meaning.
He massacred
He smashed
He killed
He broke
He seated
To write
He sat
He listened
He taught
* Collective action.
Where two or more people join together.
* Intransitive to transitive
To ask
To get broken
To break
To gather
To assemble
To become red
Asked for help
Regarded good
or beautiful
He slept
Was good
or beautiful
The spy pretended being asleep and he heard the talk of the
people.
* Pretension
He pretended
to be asleep
the Quran.
To ask one
another
The students
read out Quran
The teacher listened to
to the teacher.
He learned
He made
somebody
listen
He got
down
* Seeking/asking
* Regarding/judging
)
(
He taught
1
0
He brought
down
Form
Page 36
FORM III
(
)
)
(
He answered (226)
He made stand / rise /
set up (226)
He threw (228)
He sent (220)
He embraced Islam
(220)
He met (210)
He addressed (210)
He struggled / made
every effort (210)
He extinguished (224)
He repaired / mended
(220)
He guided / directed
(220)
He completed (221)
He blamed (212)
He prepared (221)
He called (217)
FORM VII
It unfolded/opened
(250)
It stopped / quit /
halted / ceased (250)
:
It became exposed
(250)
It became clear/
distinct (257)
He watched (210)
He forgave (210)
He helped (210)
:
He tried (216)
He met (217)
(
)
FORM II
)
(
He taught (200)
He photographed (206)
He delivered it (200)
He clarified (205)
He told / conversed /
narrated (200)
He praised / glorified
(200)
He named / called
(207)
He performed the
salat (207)
FORM V
(
)
He cooperated (246)
He conversed (230)
He learned (230)
He inquired (243)
He remembered (230)
He fought (240)
To deliberate, consult,
discuss (246)
FORM IX
)
(
He pretended to cry
(247)
FORM X
FORM VI
)
(
)
(
He spoke/talked
(230)
He received /
obtained (237)
He accepted (230)
FORM VIII
)
(
He asked forgiveness /
pardon (280)
He participated (260)
He waited (260)
He lied down /
reclined (287)
He tested / examined
(260)
He profited by /
benefited from (286)
It became distorted /
twisted / curved (276)
He selected (266)
:
:
Page 37
"
"
(
:
(
:
.
.
:
:
:
:
.
(
.
( .
(
.
:
:
.
(
.
:
:
(
(
:
.
(
.
(
Page 38
--- (Exception)
it is the thing that is excepted.
it is the thing from which exception is made.
- a particle (
)
- these two are nouns.
and
(Both and
are
mentioned)
i.e. and
Here the sentence can be
In this
is not mentioned.
There is no fixed
.
It deserves the
as if the is not mentioned
and
or
But the is always
Either is
Exception
as
or it may have the same
is always
Page 39
Usage of
and
.
.
.
.
.
NOT
NOT
NOT
NOT
NOT
/
/
/
The teacher is with the head master (i.e. in his office). =
We will meet at the door of the Mosque or by the door of the Mosque. =
I have a pen. =
is also used for things when we describe that a thing has doors or wheels etc.
The house has two doors = (
or you can also say )
/
/
Page 40
...
...
...
) ......
.
(bicycle) .
/
(motorcycle) .
.
/
/
/
/
/
/ .
/ .
/ .
Page 41
Conversation
.
:
: .
... .
... .
:
.
:
.
:
:
Page 42
.
... .
.
.
.
!
!
...
.
.
.
)
.
...
.
... .
(
Conversation2
:
:
.
.
... .
Notes
, villa, pl
, Pacific Ocean
, quiet. Note:
, fresh milk. Do not ask your Arab friend to give you tea with laban, for
!you will get tea topped with yoghurt
with
, the pl of
, writer.
, appointment, pl
, in contact.
Page 43
Conversation2
.
.
.
.
!
!
.
!
Colour
Dark
Page 44
Material
Size
Page 45
!
To interest, be of interest to, concern, be of importance to
Concern you
Nothing New
(
)
, , , ,)
Feminine Noun ending with Alif &
Hamzah ( )
Glossary of Arabic Grammar Terms
Page 46
.......
,
Substitute
( , , , , , , , , , )
)
(
The conjunctions.
Page 47
The Alphabet.
The Predicate
Nominative (Verbs & Nouns).
Absence of Vowels
Prepositional Phrase
Relative Pronoun
An Intransitive Verb
A transitive Verb.
Passive verb
Active Verb
Perfect Tense
La of Negation.
Glossary of Arabic Grammar Terms
Page 48
Ma of Negation.
The subject of a Sequential (Nominal) Sentence.
With a static case-ending.
Active Voice
Passive Voice
A Verb starting with (
, )
Dual
Exceptive
Exceptive Particles
Infinitive/ Verbal Noun
Genetive Construction
1st Particle of the construction
2nd Particle of the construction
A Definite Noun
An Accusative Object.
Adverbal Qualification of Time or Place.
Cognate Accusative (The Absolute Object.)
(
)
(
)
()
(
)
Page 49
of emphasis
The feminine plural pronoun
The masculine Plural Pronoun
The dual pronoun.
The you feminine Pronoun.
A glottal stop
The Pattern of the verb.
Page 50