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23? usaemfjrifwJh Armjynf ppftmPm&Sifpepfqdkwm... armifjrwfom
zufrS ukd,fwwfEkdifonfhykHpHESifh ulnDjcif;jzifh tkd;a0*sme,fukd ausmif;om;? jynfolw&yf
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vnf; Zlvkdif 7 &uf ausmif;om; ta&;awmfykH? r&Sad wmhayr,f?h ESppf Of Zlvidk f 7 &uf ESpyf wfvnf
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olawG jzpfreS ;f rod jzpfvmygawmhw,f/ 0efxrf; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;pm&if;
awGudkvnf; 'Denf;twdkif; vmbfpm;cGifh ay;jyD;
(1938-39)
zsufqD;vkdufygw,f/ ausmif;ol - 23 OD;
usaemfwkd t h rsm;pk&J ah umuf&;dk rD; pdw"f mwf? ausmif;om; - 290 OD;
aoG;at;oGm;wwfwhJ p&ku d u f kd odaewJh etz[m
tcsed af &T q h ikd ;f wJh enf;ynmukv d nf; rMumcPoH;k
--------------------------------- wuo Ouú| udkatmifqef; (AdkvfcsKyf) EkwfxGuf
wm awG &h ygw,f/ tc ak ':atmif qef;pkMunf&J pkpkaygif; - 313 OD; oGm;ojzif?h Ouú|tjzpf qufvufwm0ef,&l jcif; jzpfonf/
htrSKudkvnf; vlawGaoG;at;oGm; avmufwJh 1279 ck? 0gqdkvqef; (10) &uf? Ak'¨[l;aeY? eHeuf (7) em&D
oabmxm; ae&if usaemfwdk v h ckd siw
f hJ tem*wf
tcsdeftxd apmifhjyD;rS vlawGvufyef;uswJh tcsed wf iG f tif;0NrKUd udik ;f wef; &yfüzGm;jrifonf/ tz OD;rSi?f
[m a0;aeOD;rSm yg/
tcsed t f xd apmifjh y;D rS aemufq;kH pD&ifcsuf cswm trd a':OD;wdkY\ yÍörajrmufom;jzpfonf/
usaemfwdk htaeeJ haumuf&kd;rD; pdwf"mwfyJ
udkawG h &ygw,f/ rEÅav;NrKUd atbDtrf rde;f uav;ausmif;? ouso[ D
&SdaeOD;r,f? arSsmvdkufjyD; auseyfaeOD;r,fqdk&if
qdk&kd;pum; wckudk zwfzl;? Mum;zl;MurSmyg/ bk&m;teD; q&midak usmif;? rEÅav;NrKUd A[dt k rsKd ;om; txuf
tajctae[m bmrSx;l jcm; wd;k wufvmrSmr[kwf
zm;ukd qljy;D om;a&aEG;xJ csujf cif; wef;xnfv h ukd f wef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmqnf;yl;cJh\/ 1934 ckESpfwGif
ygbl;/ yGMJ unf&h if;rsu&f nfus&ekH v YJ nf; Zmwfvrf;
&if zm;[m ckefxGufyg vdrfhr,f/ tdk;xJxnfhjyD; rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyüf pwifynmoifMum;cJo h nf/ 1935-
u ajymif;vJvmrSm r[kwyf gbl;/ usaemfwYdk tae
a&at;eJ w h jznf; jznf;csi;f jyKwf &if tylcsed [ f m 36 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾
eJY owåu d akd rG;jy;D rw&m;rSKawGukd nDnn D w G n
f w G f
wjznf;jznf;csif;yJ wdk;vmwm rdkhvkd hzm;twGuf trIaqmifjzpf\/ 1936 ck ausmif;om;oydww f iG f ppfuikd ;f
awmfvSefzdkY tcsdefwefaeygjyD/ wu,fawmh
tyl csdef tajymif; tvJu rodomyg bl;/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;odYk oydwo f mG ;wm;&m ausmif;tkyf
owåq d wkd m uvnf; aMumuf&r,ft h &mukd rSeu
f ef
'gaMumifh zm;[m ckex f uG rf d rSm r[kwyf J touf Bu;D rpöwma'gif;ESihf paumuf rsm;u 0dik ;f ½du k o
f jzifh 'Pf&m&
pGma&G;cs,frSKygyJ/ emrnfaorSmukd
qHk;&SHK;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ usaemfwdkh ½SdcJhonf/ 1936-37 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyf
aMumufjyD; vlaorSmukd raMumuf
trsm;pk[m jyóemawGudk &ifqdkif usaemfwdk h[m 'ku© ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú| tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhí Oypm
wJo h al wG[m ordik ;f rSm ol&J aumif;
&mrSm ,Hkwrf;pum;xJu zm;vdkyJ awGeJ hwjznf;jznf; txufwef;udk ygVdbmom*kPx f ;l jzifh atmifjrifcahJ vonf/
tjzpf armfuGef;twifcH&wwfyg
wH k Y j yef a eMuygw,f / wck c k j zpf r S tom;usvmjy;D rw &efukefwuúodkvfwGif qufvufynmqnf;yl;í
w,f/ usaemfwdk YtaeeJY zdESdyfol
aumuf &kd;rD;vkd [kef;ueJ xaoG; 1938-39 ckwGif wuo trIaqmiftjzpf a½G;cs,fwif
qljyD; aemufykdif;rSm arharhaysmuf
&m;rSKawGukd onf;cH awG u k d tmcH & rS m uk d a Mumuf w J h ajrm§ ufc&H onf/ wuo Ouú|udak tmifqef; Ekwx f u G o
f mG ;
pdwfxuf tem*wf usaemfwdkY rsdK;
aysmuf jzpf o G m ;wwf M uygw,f / ae&if? jzpforSs t aomtcg Ouú|tjzpf wm0ef ,l&jcif; jzpfonf/ 1938-
qufopfawG atmufusaemuf us
wu,fawmh etz[m rw&m;rSK aMumif ; taumif ; 39 ckEpS f Auo Ouú| vnf; jzpfonf/ udAk [de;f udk wuo
qufjzpfaerSmukd aMumufwhJ pdwu f
awGudk ESpfq,fh wpfESpfvHk;vHk; usL; oabmxm;ae&if Ouú| tjzpfxuf Auo Ouú|tjzpf vlodrsm;cJhonf/
tqaygif;rsm;pGm ykdrdk MuD;rm;zkdY
vGef jyKvyk af ecJw h myg/ usaemfwYkd [m usaemfwkd hvdkcsifwJh 1938 ckEpS üf a&eHajroydwaf y:aygufco hJ nf/ a&eHajr
wenf;tm;jzifh owåd&Sdzkdh tcsdefwef
'ku©aw GeJYwjznf;jznf; tom;us tem*wf [ m a0; oydwform;rsm;onf &efukefNrKdUodkY csDwuf qE´jy&ef? a&eH
vmjyD; rw &m;rSKawGukd onf;c aejyDjzpfygw,f/ acsmif;NrKdUrS xGufcJhMuonf/ Ouú| udkA[def;ESifh udkAaqG
aH e&if? jzpforSstaMumif; taumif;
aeOD;rSmyg qef;opfnD
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS xkwf a0onf ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGcYJ sKyrf S xkwaf 0onf
20 tdk;a0 *sme,f 13 tdk;a0 *sme,f
oydwf[k aemifwGif wGifí yxrqHk; tMudrf
armifxif&edS f

ausmif;om; rsm;u e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; EkdifiHa&; 1300 jynft


h a&;awmfyrkH S
oyd w f t jzpf o d k Y vS r f ; cJ h j cif ; jzpf a yonf /
ausmif ; om;rsm;twG i f ; jynf o l r sm;twG i f ;
ausmif;om;xk tcef;
e,f c sJ U qef Y u sif a &;? Ek d i f i H vG w f v yf a &;
pdwf"gwfrsm;udk vIHUaqmf EkdifcJhayonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI\ e,fcsJU a&eHajroydwf
qefuY siaf &;? trsKd ;om;vGwv f yfa&; u@udk qef; a&eHajrtvkyo f rm;rsm;onf 11-v ausmf
ppfavhvmvQif 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyo Hk nf Mum oydww f u
dk yf q
JG ifEcJT ahJ omfvnf; tkypf ;kd olwYdk
AdkvfatmifausmfaMu;&kyf ta&;ygaom tcef;u@tjzpf todtrSwf jyKMu u vpfvQLjyKxm;\/ xdt Yk wGuf 1938-ck? Ed0k bFm
Adkvfatmifausmfonf aemufqHk;xGuf &rnfjzpf\/ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyo kH nf tvkyf v 30-&uf Ak'¨[l;aeYwGif acsmufNrdKUrSpwifí
oufudk &Ixkwf&tHhqJqJumvwGif pGJpGJvef;vef; orm;? v,form;? ausmif;om;wd\ Yk nDnw G af oG; oydwfarSmuf tvkyform;rsm;onf? &efukefodkY
ajymqdo k mG ;aom? Xif;tjrwfwEd;k &Sv d o S nfh vGwf 1960 ckESpf ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m pnf;aom e,fcsUJ qefu Y siaf &;?trsKd ;om; vGwv f yf qE´jy&efajcvQicf sw D ufcMhJ uonf/ a&eHajroydwf
vyfa&;udk &&Scd o hJ nfrmS ,aeYqv kd sif 14 ESpaf usmf ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyf\ a&; wku d yf jJG zpfí? ordik ;f wGixf eG ;f ajymifcahJ yonf/ wyfom;aygif; 1200 ausmt f m; tmVm0u ocif
cJNh yjD zpf\/ vGwv f yfa&;r&rDu? Adv k af tmifausmf qXrtBudrfnDvmcHrScsrSwfcJhNyD; 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkudkavhvmvQif bdk;vSBuD;u acgif;aqmif uGyfuJcJhavonf/
aMu;&ky fwnfaqmuf&ef &nfpl;í &Smaz GcJhaom 1988 ckESpf ausmif;om;tcef;udk csefvSyfír&ovkd? Adkvf odaYk omf a&eHajroydww f yfBu;D rauG;NrKd UodYk
&efyakH iGrsm;vnf; vGwv f yfa&;wkud yf tJG wGuf oH;k Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeY atmifausmu f v
kd nf;arhxm;í&Murnf r[kwaf y/ ta&muf? 1938-ck? 'DZifbmv 5-&ufaeYwiG ?f yk'rf
cJh\/ vGwfvyfa&;twGuf toufay;tyfNyD;? ESihf Adkvfatmifausmfonf? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk 144-jzifh wm;qD;Ny;D acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; zrf;qD;
4if;\ aus;&kyftwGuf[k &nfpl;í &SmazGcJhaom 2007 ckESpf wdkufyGJudk txGwftxdyfodkYykdYaqmifcJhol jzpf\/ vku
d \f / þwGif a&eHajroydww f yfBu;D acgif;aqmif
&HyakH iGuykd g vGwv f yf a&;twGuf toH;k jyKc&hJ aom Mo*kwfv 28 &ufaeY
Adkvf atmifausmftm; wkdif;jynfrS jyef vnf wkdYwGif jyefvnfzGJYpnf;cJhonfh
*kPjf yKonft h aejzifh aMu;&kyf tjrefxk vkyo f ifNh yD ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m
jzpf\/ ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyf\
1300 jynfh ta&; awmfyHkwdkufyGJtm; tpOfwpku d pf uJG idk af eonfh
atmifjrifrI twGuf txGwftxdyfodkY ydkY aqmif tajccHrlrsm;
ay;cJ h a om Ad k v f a tmif a usmf \ aMu;&k y f
jzpfajrmufa&;twGu?f ausmif;om;or*¾EiS f w h uG 1/ trsdK;om;EkdifiHa&; (0g)
tpd k ; &u0d k i f ; í Bud K ;pm;oih f N yD [ k rS w f , l ppftmPm&Sipf epf qefu Y siaf &;
rdayownf;/ 2/ 'Drkdua&pDa&;
armifxif&Sdef 3/ 'Drudk a&pD ynma&;
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4/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;
rS jyefvnful;,laz:jyygonf/ t,f'Dwm/) 5/ ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;
umuG,af &;
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H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGcYJ sKyrf S xkwaf 0onf
14 tdk;a0 *sme,f 19 tdk;a0 *sme,f
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ocifvaS rmif? oHvQit f vkyof rm; tpnf;t&Hk;rS w-u-o OuúX udkb[def;ESifh twGif; udkatmifausmfuG,fvGefavonf/
ocifp;kd ? ocifA? a&eHacsmif;tvkyf orm; tpnf; a&;rSL; udb k aqGwt Ykd m; zrf;qD;vku
d o f nft h wGu?f
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Adv
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ocifxed 0f if;ESihf &efuek w f uúovkd af usmif;om;rsm; tpnf ; ta0;od k Y wuú o d k v f a usmif ; ol a':a&Tausm\ h toHcsUJ pufEiS hf ajymoHMum;& olwYkd
or*¾OuúXvnf;jzpf? ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif; ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf jyifyrS ocifE?k 0wfvakH wmf& tm; ,lusHK;r&jzpfaponf/
om;rsm;or*¾ OuúX vnf;jzpfaom udb k [de;f ESihf OD;ausmjf rif?h ocifvaS z? azbD,ef OD;wifah tmif? ]]wynfhawmfr\ &ifaoG; om;av; armif
wuotwGif; a&;rSL; udkAaqGwkdYjzpf\/ wufbkef;BuD; ode;f az? rpöwm pDpcD ;l ? 0wfvakH wmf& atmifausmfonf vufeufqdkí? tyfwacsmif;?
xdo k l 5 OD;rSmvnf; 'DZifbmv-11-&ufaeY OD;jrifx
h ;l polwEYkd iS hf oHCmawmfrsm;yg wufa&muf wkww f wdrk Q rudik &f &SmbJvsu?f av;vHaom vuf
nwGif a&eHajroydww f yfom;rsm; ESirhf auG; NrKd UrS &m? w-u-o cef;raqmif jynfv h QoH mG ;avonf/ eufBu;D rsm;jzifh ykvyd wf u Ydk &du k Ef u
S í
f aoqH;k &jcif;
NrKd UolNrKd Uom;rsm;tm; w&m;a[maepOf rauG; ta&; tpnf;ta0;rS (1) rEÅav;NrdKUwGif jynfol ud?k wdik ;f ol jynfom;rsm;ESihf oHCmawmfrsm;uyif
ydkif rpöwmrlvm0yfu zrf;qD;vkduf jyef\/ jynfom;wkt Yd m; rw&m;csKycf s,x f m;onfh Oya' vQif rcHr&yfEkdifatmif jzpfysufyHkudk axmuf&Iyg
vQif? wynfhawmf wynfhawmfrvdk? udk; vvG,f? wdik ;f jynftwGuf aoaysmo f l
q,fvzGm; ,k,cJh&aom rdcif bcifwkdY twGuf ukdatmifausmf
ajymb,f&mr&Sdawmhygbk&m;}} uwef; pGJvrf;pGm ajym aewmawG? yxrtMurd f
wuo OuúX udv k aS &Tu aemufq;kH rdecYf eG ;f tmPm zD q ef w k e f ; u usaemf a&S U qH k ; u
ajymqd&k m Mum;&olwt Ydk m; e,fcsUJ taocHNyD; tvHudkif yg& apvkdY
tay:wGif a'gotrsuf xGuf ajymcJhwm awGudk igem;xJrSm
ap\/ Mum;a,mif jrifa,mif aeao;
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Ouú X ud k rxd M u apeJ Y v d k Y &J & J csufjzifh taxGaxG jrefrmEkdifiHw0Srf;vHk;wGif
awmuf ajymoHawG? aq;&Hkudk ausmif;om; oydwf Auo? wuo\ nT e f M um;
igvma&muf Munf h p Of uvJ
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rsm; qufwkdufay: csujf zifh taxGaxG ausmif;om;
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qufwu dk Mf u&r,fqNkd y;D ua,mif vmonf
onf/ 1938-ckESpf ausmif;om;
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18 tdk;a0 *sme,f 15 tdk;a0 *sme,f
aom trJuu G jf ypfrBI u;D udk 23(7)ESihf &efuek Nf rKd UodYk csw D ufvmMuaoma&eHajr awmif;qdck surf sm;udk qH;k jzwfonft h jyif? tmPm
ausmif;om;rsm;ay: yHkcs oydwaf rSmuf tvkyo f rm;rsm;ESihf awmifov l ,f zDqef qE´jyvSnfhvnf&efudk qHk;jzwfvkduf\/
ae\/ orm;wkt Yd m;? yk'rf 144ESihf &efuek 'f pd Mww d f &mZ0wf
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wdkif;jynftwGuf íxkwx f m;aomtrdeEYf iS hf tjcm;NrKd Ursm;üzdEydS x f m; ausmif;aygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;\ qHk;jzwf
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D ü? aus m if ; om;aygif ;
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atmifausmf? udkbvIdifwdkY&&Sdaom 'gPf&mrsm;
aoaysmNf y}D }[k wwGww f wG f ajymvsuf &S\ d ? teD;rS barmf-bOD; nGeaYf ygif;tpk;d &tzG0YJ if b@m yk'fr 144 tvkdr&Sd-tvkdr&Sd?
um; jyif;xefvS \/
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