1.

ESSAYS - I

QUESTION NO. 1
Write an essay, with outline, of 300-350 words on the topic
"Democracy".

DEMOCRACY
OUTLINE
(i) Democracy is a popular form of Government. It is practised
successfully in many countries of the world.
(ii) Dictatorship is a system of Government in which one party
or one person rules the country.
(iii) In democracy there is a full freedom of expressing public
opinion.
(iv) Democracy has many defects. It is a difficult form of
Government. It is not successful in a country where most of the
people are uneducated.
(v) Democracy has failed in Pakistan mainly because of low
literacy rate, senseless political parties, poor people and feudal
system.
(vi) Democracy in spite of all its defects is better than
dictatorship.
ESSAY
Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as:
"Government of the people, by the people, for the
people."
Democracy is a popular form of Government. It is practised
successfully in many countries of the world. In this form of
Government, people elect their own rulers. In a democratic

country, there are many political parties. They take part in

election. The party which wins by the majority of vote is
declared successful. It is called to form the Government. The
rest of the parties are supposed to sit on the opposition benches.
In the assembly, important issues are debated and discussed by
both the ruling party as well as the opposition party. The
decision on different problems of the country is taken after much
deliberation.
Dictatorship is a system of Government in which one party
or one person rules the country. The entire power rests with that
party or the ruler. The party comes into power after election.
However, unlike democracy, there is no opposition party. All the
votes are cast in favour of one party. In dictatorship no one
can oppose the ruler. There are many restrictions on the
freedom of people. An individual does not enjoy any type of
freedom. The radio, the television, the newspaper and other
mass media conceal facts. Their main business is to admire and
praise the ruling party. In dictatorship an individual does not
enjoy any respect. This form of Government is popular in
communist countries as Russia, China and East Germany.
In democracy there is full freedom of expressing public
opinion. An individual enjoys full freedom to think, write and
express his views. The press is completely free. The policies of
the Government are debated and discussed freely in the
newspapers as well as in the Assembly Hall. In democracy, a
person
enjoys
respect
and
importance.
Democracy is linked with justice. Every body has equal right
in the eye of law. The voters can choose and remove their rulers
according to their own will. This form of Government is popular
and successful in America, Britain, India and Japan. Democracy
has failed in under-developed countries like Pakistan. It has not

worked successfully in many of the Asian countries. The reasons

for
its
failure
are
the
following.
Democracy is a difficult system of Government. Only the
educated and sensible people can understand and run it. In our
country and in many other Asian countries, most of people are
uneducated and backward. They cannot understand and real
spirit and structure of a democratic system of Government. Most
of the people in our country are poor. At the time of election, the
voters are bribed and tempted to give their votes in favour of
irresponsible and uneducated candidates. In this way, in
democracy, the responsible and educated candidates do not
return
to
Assembly.
In a democratic form of Government, the candidates use
unfair means to win the election. The candidates of the rival
party are kidnapped. The ballot boxes are broken and undue
pressure is exercised on the officers who conduct the election. In
this way, the elections open the gateway to corruption, bribery
and
selfishness.
Democracy has many merits but it has many demerits also. It
is known for its inefficiency and slowness. At the time of
national emergencies, it fails to cope with the situation. The
national issues of great importance are debated and discussed in
the Assembly. It takes a long time to arrive at any decision. In
this way, many problems of utmost importance remain unsolved
in the light of above discussion. We can say that democracy in
spite of its defects is still a popular form of Government. It is
better than dictatorship.

QUESTION NO. 2

Write an essay, with outline, of 300-350 words on the topic

"Computer Education".
COMPUTER EDUCATION
OUTLINE
(i) The increasing utility of computers in every sphere of
life has made computer education the need of the day.
(ii) By computer education, we mean, gaining the knowhow of the basic concepts and operations related to a
computer.
(iii) Computer education facilitate the use of computers
for purposes of communication and entertainment.
(iv) Computer education increases one's chances of
getting
a
job
(v) Computer education helps one manage one's own
business
assets
and
personal
finances.
ESSAY
Computers find a wide variety of applications in
different spheres of life. With an increase in their
widespread use and their ever-so-increasing popularity,
computer education has become the need of the
day. Computers have brought about a revolution across
all industries. They have changed the face of society.
They are no longer specialized tools to be used by
specially trained people. They are ubiquitous and used
in almost every sphere of life. Computers are the best
means for storage and management of data, they can
serve as huge knowledge bases and can be harnessed for
all sorts of financial transactions owing to their
processing power and storage capacities. As computers
are a daily utility, they have gained immense importance
in day-to-day life. Their increasing utility has made
computer education the need of the day.

By computer education, we mean, gaining the knowhow of the basic concepts related to a computer and
gaining the basic knowledge of computer operation.
Knowing about the basic components of a computer, the
basic concepts behind the use of computers and the
know-how of some of the elementary computer
applications constitutes computer education. Learning
about the computer basics followed by a practical
experience of using a computer is the key to computer
education. As computers are widely used today, acquiring
computer education is the need of the day.
Computers are not only storage devices and
processing units, but also are excellent communication
media. They are the means to access the Internet and
get connected to the world. They are also an effective
audio-visual media. Computers can be used to access a
vast knowledge base and search for information archives
over the Internet. Only computer education can
facilitate the use of computers for purposes of
communication
and
entertainment.
Computer knowledge coupled with certain other job
skills increases one's chances of getting a job. Those with
knowledge of computers are considered trainable for
many kinds of jobs. As most of the jobs involve the use
of computers, computer education is an eligibility
criterion for almost all the modern-day jobs. Higher
education involving network administration, hardware
maintenance or software skills open doors for brighter
job opportunities.
Computer education helps one manage one's own
business assets and personal finances. Computers serve
as efficient means for management of information.
Personal financial assets, medical records and important

documents can be stored in an electronic format in a

computer system. Today, banking transactions and
payments of bills can be done over the Internet.
Similarly, online shopping is becoming widely popular. To
be in the race, it is very important to take computer
education. The word processing applications of a
computer serve as an effective means of documentation.
The database management software that are a part of
computer systems serve as the means of managing large
amounts of data. The networking capabilities of a
computer facilitate connecting to the Internet to reach
out
to
the
world.
Computers, which have such a wide variety of
applications, are indeed ruling society. To keep up the
pace in this fast life of today, computer education is
extremely important. Computers are an integral part of
life and so is computer education!

QUESTION NO. 3
Write an essay, with outline, of 300-350 words on the topic
"Village Uplift".

VILLAGE UPLIFT
OUTLINE
(i) The condition of villages in Pakistan is very miserable and
deplorable.
(ii) Much emphasis should be given on the education of
villagers.
(iii) Cleanliness of streets and water is badly needed in villages.
(iv) Modern technology should be introduced in the villages for
the
improvement
of
agriculture.
(v) Villagers should be advised to shake off a number of old

customs
and
social
evils.
ESSAY
A group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a
hamlet and smaller than a town, situated in a rural area is called
a village. A village is the basis of human civilization. However,
with the growth of cities the villages have been considerably
neglected. There are practically no arrangements for sanitation.
Dirty water collects in pools everywhere. Diseases and
epidemics kill hundreds of persons every year. The farmers and
the artisans who inhabit the villages are mostly poor, uneducated
and backward. Struggle and misery are their lot. The landlords,
the money lenders and the petty government officials exploit
them in every way they like. They villagers have been suffering
in misery and poverty for centuries. They work hard but their
hard work brings them no profit. Under these circumstances we
must try to improve our villages. For the uplift of villages we
can
do
the
following
things.
Firstly, much emphasis should be given on the education of
village folks. Ignorance more than anything else, is responsible
for the backwardness of the Pakistani peasant. Steeped in age
old ignorance the peasant does not know his own interest. If he
ignores the laws of health and sanitation, runs into enormous
debts, of follows ancient methods of agriculture, it is because he
lacks enlightenment. The remedy suggested is that primary
education should be made compulsory for both boys and girls.
Government should construct required schools and colleges in
the
villages.
Secondly, cleanliness is very essential for the uplift of
villages. The ignorant villager is content with passing his days in
unhealthy surroundings. He does not care much if streets of the
villages are dirty or if houses have no arrangement for fresh air.

He allows dirty water to collect in pits and ponds situated about

the village., with the result that they attract mosquitoes in and
who spread malaria, dengue and trouble. Thus villager is to be
exhorted to keep his houses and streets clean by throwing the
dung hills and rubbish into pits. The government should not
convert cities into large cities, rather they should convert
villages
into
cities.
Thirdly, modern technology for agriculture should be
provided to the peasants. Agriculture is the main profession of
villagers. They are still using the old methods of farming. They
work hard but of no avail. Government should provide tractors,
threshers, fertilizers, better seed and other farming equipment to
the peasants so that they can make farming a paying profession
and the economy of the country can go round.
Lastly, the villagers are superstitious and conservative folks.
Most of them still believe that what was good for their
forefathers is good enough for them. So they should be advised
to shake off a number of old customs and social evils from
which they suffer. It is seen that they spend money lavishly on
marriages and births and are prone to be extravagant when they
come by money. They are over fond of litigation. They commit
murders over trifles, and resort to the court so often that they
pay the best part of their income to the lawyers. The peasant,
thus, should be advised to get rid of all these evils.
Villagers constitute the seventy percentage of our
population. Agriculture is the backbone of our economy. So it is
the duty of educated people as a nation and obligation of
government to uplift the miserable and deplorable condition of
villages. By uplifting our villages, we can keep pace with the
comity of nations. We can get progress and prosperity.

QUESTION NO. 4
Write an essay, with outline, of 300-350 words on the topic
"Social Evils".

SOCIAL EVILS IN PAKISTAN

OUTLINE
(i) Social evils are present in every country. Even the developed
countries like America and Britain suffer from them.
(ii) The unfair and imbalanced distribution of wealth is at the
root
of
every
social
evil.
(iii) The people of Pakistan have great love for collecting
wealth. Their excessive fondness for collecting wealth has given
birth
to
many
social
evils.
(iv) Social evils generate an atmosphere of disorder, anarchy and
injustice.
(v) Bribery and corruption have been a routine matter in every
field
of
life.
(vi) Hoarding, black marketing, child lifting, smuggling, horse
racing and drinking are some of the social evils that are found in
Pakistan.
ESSAY
Social evils are present in every country. Even the developed
countries like America and Britain suffer from them. In
Pakistan, social evils have developed into an institution. Social
evils surround us like diseased tress. They are many causes for
the
growth
and
spread
of
social
evils.
Firstly, the unfair and imbalance distribution of wealth is at
the
root
of
every
social
evil.
Secondly, the people are Pakistan are greedy and ambitious
of collecting wealth by fair and foul means. They have become

selfish. They have bidden good bye to the life of simplicity and
contentment. Their excessive fondness for collecting worldly
gains
has
given
birth
to
many
social
evils.
Social evils eat the very root of every civilized society. They
cause great loss to the peace and happiness of people. They
generate an atmosphere of disorder, anarchy and injustice. The
forces of injustice and evil have a sway. A society surrounded
by evils remains backward forever. Its growth becomes stunted.
It ceases to have the spark of creativity and growth. Such a
society
becomes
a
curse
for
mankind.
There are many social evils which have eaten the very roots
of
our
society,.
They
are
listed
below.
Bribery and corruption have become a routine matter in
every office, department and field of life. Favouritism and
nepotism exist everywhere. This has defeated the very concept
of justice in Pakistan. It has blackened the face of merit in every
walk of life. It has put a stop to true progress, equality and
development.
Hoarding and black-marketing are the twin evils that cause
abnormal inflation. The black marketeers are the enemies of
people. They are traitors. They cause the shortage of foodstuff
and are responsible for the increase of prices of different
commodities.
Smuggling is an other social evil which is very harmful to
society. The smugglers cause great harm to the economy of
country. Foreign goods are smuggled into the country on a large
scale. Consequently the local industry, business or agriculture
suffer. The government cannot collect taxes on the smuggled
goods. Sometimes inferior goods are smuggled and the
government cannot exercise any control on them. Therefore
inferior goods as medicine, foodstuff may cause a serious

damage
to
human
health.
Adulteration is an other social evil which is very harmful to
society. The adulterators mix cheap and harmful things in food
items like milk, honey, spices, pulses and wheat etc. They play
with the health of the people. They are a curse to society.
Lavish expenditure on ceremonies like marriages like
marriages and funerals have become the order of the day. Rich
people make a show of their wealth on the marriage of their
children. It causes a sense of deprivation among the people.
Moreover, this reflects an attitude which feeds on greed,
selfishness and vanity. The wastage of wealth for the fulfillment
of such bad customs cannot be approved by any sane person.
Social evils like gambling, horse racing, honour killing,
drinking
are
a
rampant
in
our
society.
Social evils are widespread because of ignorance, illiteracy,
poverty and injustice. We can eliminate these social evils by two
ways; by the enforcement of law and by educating the people
against
the
harms
through
electronic
media.

QUESTION NO. 5
Write an essay, with outline, of 300-350 words on the topic
"Religious Extremism".

RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM
OUTLINE
(i) Pakistan is a religious country. It came into being in the name
of Islam. But unfortunately, the unity of the Muslims lies in
pieces.

(ii) Religious extremism means that one religious group

considers its thinking correct and truthful. This leads to hostility
against other groups.
(iii) Religious extremism is produced by our emotional and non
scientific thinking.
(iv) Lack of modern knowledge breeds religious extremism.
(v) It has generated many evils. It produces distrust and fear.
(vi) It breeds hostility and tension among different groups. This
atmosphere of strife halts the economic progress.
ESSAY
Religious extremism is very common and popular in
Pakistan. Pakistan is a religious country. It came into being in
the name of Islam. But unfortunately, its religious ulemas and
thinkers divided the country into many sects. The unity of the
Muslims lies in pieces. The people of one sect hate strongly the
people of other sect. Religious extremism means that one
religious group considers its thinking correct and truthful.
He thinks that the views held by it are final and conclusive. The
religious views of the other groups are incorrect. He hates the
other group and feels uncomfortable with it. This leads to
hostility against the other group. In this way, every person
adheres to his point of view and considers the other group
wrong. Religious extremism is produced in the people by the
following factors.
1. The observers and thinkers consider that religious extremism
is produced by our emotional and non-scientific thinking.
They claim that we become too much subjective and too much
involved in our own thinking. Our thinking attains personal
colour. It is only scientific and objective thinking which can
save us from the menace of religious extremism.

2. Lack of modern knowledge breeds religious extremism. A

large number of our people are uneducated. They are blind to the
modern trends of knowledge in all fields of life. This thing
generates a clash between ignorance and knowledge. The
religious scholars, ulemas, and thinkers stick to their point of
view. They try to force their views on the other by force. This
produces and atmosphere of fear, suspicion and mistrust.
3. Religious extremism takes place in those minds which are
simple and credulous. They take every belief granted and do not
analyze it.
Religious extremism has generated many evils. It has
produced tyranny and violence. It has urged the religious
extremists to resort to use force against those who do not agree
with their views. This thing has built a strife between 'Shias and
Sunnies'. These two religious groups have killed many people
of the rival group. They have killed innocent people which
include thinkers, scholars, doctors, teachers and other civilized
members of society. Such type of religious extremism is very
harmful to society and country. It can break up the integrity and
unity of country. The unity of the country is at stake due to the
presence of this form of religious extremism.
Religious extremism produces the following evils.
1. It builds an atmosphere of distrust and fear. People begin to
hate one another and suspect each others' intention.
2. Religious extremism leads to the formation of religious
groups and organizations. These groups organize themselves
into armed groups and use force to intimidate and horrify the
rival groups. In Pakistan such groups exist and they kill one
another mercilessly. The use of force leads to enmity and bitter
hostility.
3. An atmosphere of strife, tension and horror halts the

economic progress of the county. The foreign investors stop

investing their money in big projects. We can overcome
religious extremism by taking the following steps.
(i) Modern education should be given to the students who study
in
Madrassas.
(ii) Religious extremism comes into action for lack of tolerance.
The people should be taught to show tolerance to each other.
The teachings of Islam should be propagated through electronic
media about human dignity. Islam is a religious of peace and
justice. A campaign should be started on electronic media which
should teach people the real principals of Islam.
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