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Janvier 2012
GL/SYWE/11/11/00/A
CONTENTS
WELDING SIMULATION SUITE ......................................... 1 SYSWELD SOLVER ........................................................... 3
SYSWELD Improve Fatigue Performance.................................................. 3 SYSWELD Solving Large Models .............................................................. 6
Dang Van Criteria for Low Amplitude High Cycle Fatigue Life Analysis ...... 3 SYSWELD DMP Performance Optimization / Macro Transient Reduction File Size Assignment .................................................................................. 6 SYSWELD DMP Performance Optimization / A New Label OPTIMIZE for the Fusion .................................................................................................. 6 SYSWELD DMP Performance Optimization / Positive Definite MATRIX..... 7 SYSWELD DMP Capabilities Enhancement / Usage of Non-Conform Mesh via the REMESH Routine ........................................................................... 7 Spot Weld Advisor Contact Performance Improvement ............................ 16 Automatic Light Post Processing during Computation .............................. 17 Foreword .................................................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................. 2
SYSWELD DMP Capabilities Enhancement DMP / Computation Option with Contact.............................................................................................. 13 End to End Cast-Weld Chaining Simulation / Cast-Weld Interface........... 17
Visual-WELD ............................................................................................ 19
General Description .................................................................................. 19 Multiple Database Support ....................................................................... 19 Direct .DAT File Loading........................................................................... 20
Visual-Heat Treatment.............................................................................. 21
General Description .................................................................................. 21 Project Description ................................................................................... 21 Process Definition..................................................................................... 22 Material Properties ................................................................................... 23 Heat Treatment Process (Heating/Carburization/Quenching) ................... 23 Clamping Condition .................................................................................. 25 Loads and Deformations........................................................................... 26 Solution Parameters ................................................................................. 27 General Description .................................................................................. 29 DMP Performance .................................................................................... 30 Export for Cluster...................................................................................... 30
CONTENTS
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Phase Transformation Calibration Manager (PTCM) ............................... 41 Strain Hardening Calibration Tool ............................................................ 43 Material Data Manager V3.4..................................................................... 44 Interface with WELDWARE ...................................................................... 45
CONTENTS
Welding Advisor: An easy-to-use Graphical User Interface, to facilitate the efficient setup of Single-Pass and Multi-Pass Welding simulations. HT Advisor: An easy-to-use Graphical User Interface to facilitate the efficient set-up of Heat Treatment simulations. Computation Manager: An easy-to-use computation manager to facilitate the control of full thermal-metallurgical and mechanical welding simulations. Collector Manager: An easy-to-use tool to create, update, delete and modify the different collectors needed for welding simulation. Visual-Viewer for Weld: A new-generation post-processing tool with state-of-the-art plotting utilities. Visual-Viewer is built on a multi-page / multi-plot environment, which enables you to group the data into pages and plots. Complete sessions can be re-run without loss of any data. It is completely command-driven which enables you to execute commands with ease and save time. WELD PLANNER: A dedicated software to support distortion engineering for largescale welded assemblies, making use of a shrinkage method. Engineers use it to identify distortion critical weld joints, clamping conditions and weld sequences to minimize distortion, and the distortion magnitude quickly.
Engineering Tools: The Toolbox CD-ROM: It contains Tutorials, Users Guides, and the Engineering Guide. It is available in English language. The Engineering Guide: It covers the background knowledge needed to work straight forward on Heat Treatment and Welding problems. With this solution, the full set of welding engineering methodologies is available: To control material characteristics and residual stress, To keep distortion within tolerances To enhance the performance, the quality of the product and the structures service life.
The following pages will help you navigate through the welding solution. At this point, we would like to thank you for your continued support. Our main goal for the future will be the continuous improvement of the code as driven by your requirements. Kind Regards Yannick Vincent Harald Porzner Frederic Boitout Achutha Herur Yonggang Duan Venugopal A B Product Manager Product Marketing SYSWELD Project Manager Visual-WELD Project Manager SYSWELD Quality Manager Visual-WELD Quality Manager
Introduction
Welding of structures involves complex interactions between thermal, metallurgical and mechanical phenomena leading to residual stress and distortion, which play a major role during subsequent service of these structures. Controlling material characteristics, residual stress and keep distortion within tolerances via the computer can significantly enhance the performance, the quality of the product and the structures service life. Moreover, the numerical design of the welding fabrication will significantly reduce the fabrication costs. The Welding Solution is specially developed for this purpose. It offers the full set of welding engineering methodologies needed by designers, process planners and manufacturing practitioners.
SYSWELD SOLVER
SYSWELD IMPROVE FATIGUE PERFORMANCE
Dang Van Criteria for Low Amplitude High Cycle Fatigue Life Analysis
The optimization of structures subjected to Multi-axial High-Cycle Fatigue (MHCF) is a very important subject for many design departments in the Automotive, Aerospace and Energy industries. The fatigue model implemented in SYSWELD and presented hereafter is based on the Dang Van criterion, as presented in [Maitournam M.H., Finite Elements Applications Numerical Tools and Specific Fatigue Problems in High-Cycle Metal Fatigue in the Context of Mechanical Design, K. Dang van and I. Papdoupoulos, Eds., CISM Courses Lectures No. 392, Springer-Verlag 1999, pp. 169-187]. This Dang Van Criterion [DVC] is based on multi meso-macro scales approach which assumes that shakedown occurs before failure initiation. The Dang Van criterion, based on the Lin-Taylor homogenization assumption in order to relate mesoscopic (grain scale) and macroscopic mechanical fields, is defined in terms of linear combination between the hydrostatic pressure: and the mesoscopic resolved shear amplitude: .
According to Dang Van criterion, the fatigue damage appears when the combination of local shear stresses and the hydrostatic stress crosses the borders of a permissible fatigue area:
: hydrostatic part of the stress tensor. : is the mesoscopic shear stress a & b: are the two parameters of Dang Van criterion. tcomp: is the computation time
It is common to represent the stress path in a mesoscopic shear versus a mesoscopic hydrostatic stress diagram as schematically shown below.
The line defined by the criterion is the boundary between infinite life and fatigue. Component life for a load path contained completely below the DVC line will be infinite. If any point of the load path is located above the DVC line, fatigue will occur. The parameters and can be expressed by data from two high cycle fatigue tests: ) and reversed torsion (fatigue limit ):
At the post-processing level, the Dang Van criterion is integrated in SYSWELD in a way to allow users to predict failure initiation. The computation steps are as follows: Reading stress results (Gauss points) Computing maximum value of the criterion over the load path using an appropriate algorithm Storing the Dang Van criterion
The input is the stress tensor as a function of time in a post-processing file of type POST. Only stresses at integration points are used. It is then possible to compute the Dang Van criterion on a set of selected elements and within specific time range. This functionality is available only in continuous media option 2D and 3D.
SYSWELD DMP Performance Optimization / A New Label OPTIMIZE for the Fusion
The DMP FUSION command is used to rebuild transient and history files of the whole model by merging files of sub-domains saved by each process. The resulting transient and history files of the whole model were stored as temporary files and saved at the end on the disk. This sequence has been optimized. In order to reduce time spent for such solver operation, a new OPTIMIZE label has been added in the new SYSWELD version. With this label on the DMP FUSION command line, the resulting transient and history files are directly saved on disk. There are no more temporary files, leading to a significant improvement of performance.
8 processors / 1192 Cards - SYSWELD DMP 2011: 1936s - SYSWELD DMP 2012: 1058s - Factor: 2
SYSWELD DMP Capabilities Enhancement / Usage of Non-Conform Mesh via the REMESH Routine
The meshing operation is still a difficult task today, especially when the geometry of the structure is complex. The user has to spend a lot of time to create the mesh compared to the model set-up and computation time with the DMP version. Consequently, it is very important to reduce the meshing time. One solution is to use a standard structural analysis mesh and to refine the mesh along the weld line with a specific function and with the management of non-conforming shell and solid finite element automatically. The routine REMESH is an automatic mesh cutter that can be applied to any type of coherent mesh [cf. 6.3.9 Analysis Reference Manual]. The nature of the subdivision is defined by a function describing a map of element size. The routine modifies the mesh topology and manages the material properties and boundary condition of the modeled structure as well. The mesh is considered to be coherent if it has no discontinuity. The mesh cutter creates nodes that are adjacent to an element and consequently those nodes are not connected. Such a mesh is called a non-conforming mesh. Relations have to be created between the nodes on the border of the refined area to ensure the displacement field continuity. These relations are imposed with some specific transition elements automatically created be the routine REMESH. The main advantage of such a function is that the user can use a quite coarse mesh that does not fit the mesh discretization needed for welding simulation and refines automatically the mesh by applying several levels of re-meshing in the area where the weld joint are located. This functionality already exists in the previous versions of SYSWELD but has been extended so that it can be used for DMP (Distributed Memory Computation) on several processors. The management of the sub-domain partitioning has been improved to offer the possibility for the user to use such non-conforming meshes with transition elements during a DMP computation.
This functionality is available for the shell and solid option as it is illustrated in the figures below:
They can be defined under DEFINITION procedure or created automatically with the COMPATIBILITY command. The element codes are the following: 2903 to connect a linear shell element using penalty method (SHAPE 1). 2904 to connect a quadratic shell element using penalty method (SHAPE 1). 2904 to connect a linear shell element using Lagrange multipliers method (SHAPE 11). 2905 to connect a quadratic shell element using Lagrange multipliers method (SHAPE 11).
These elements can be defined under DEFINITION procedure or created automatically with the COMPATIBILITY command. The element codes are the following: 2905 and 2909 to connect linear solid elements to a beam element using penalty method (SHAPE 2). 2906 and 2910 to connect linear solid elements to a beam element using Lagrange multipliers method (SHAPE 12).
These elements are used to constrain a node to be projected on an element. In practice, they can be used to connect a refined mesh to a coarse mesh or to connect linear elements to quadratic elements. The element codes are the following: 1903 to connect a node to an edge using penalty method (SHAPE 3) 2905 to connect a node to a face using penalty method (SHAPE 3) 1904 to connect a node to an edge using Lagrange multipliers method (SHAPE 13) 2906 to connect a node to a face using Lagrange multipliers method (SHAPE 13)
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The DMP PARTITIONING command has been modified to be as flexible as possible: The first option allows defining the partition using some groups that have already been defined: the name of such groups is prescribed: SYSDMP_ELEM_OF_PART_i with 1 i N where N is the total number of process. If the groups SYSDMP_ELEM_OF_PART_i exist before executing the DMP PARTITION command, they are kept. In the previous version, they were destroyed and recreated. If one or more SYSDMP_ELEM_OF_PART_i group is already defined but doesn't contain all elements of the mesh (figure 3a), the remaining elements are distributed among the existing partitions.
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Mesh partitioning when one "SYSDMP_ELEM_OF_PART_i" group exists before DMP PARTITIONING command execution.
The second option is to define groups named SYSDMP_SUBMESH_TO_SHARE_"i" which will be partitioned independently in N partitions and then stored in the partitions. Thus, the partitions SYSDMP_ELEM_OF_PART_"j" gather all parts number j of all SYSDMP_SUBMESH_TO_SHARE_"i" groups and part number j of the rest of the mesh. In Figure 2 there is only one group SYSDMP_ELEM_OF_PART_1.
Figure 2: Example of DMP PARTITIONING command with and without SYSDMP_ SUBMESH_TO_SHARE_"i" element group
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With this option, it is possible to handle the case when there are many elements without material. For example, if there is no material on white elements of Figure 2.b.1), and if material behavior is defined for grey elements, with the group SUBMESH_TO_SHARE_1 of the Figure 2.b.1) several elements with a material will be defined in each sub-domain. This is not the case on Figure 2.a.2) where the second sub-domain has no material and will lead to an issue during the computing in DMP. Note that it is also possible to solve this case using the following option. Finally, the last option is to define a weighting factor to each element of the mesh. With this option, the partitioning method balances the total weight of partitions. If no material behavior is defined on an element, its weight equals zero. Figure 3 shows the partitioning produced using the WEIGHT label as there is no material on white elements.
Figure 3: The DMP PARTITIONING WEIGHT command with no material behavior on a part of the mesh on Figure 3.b) there is approximately the same number of elements with a material in each partition.
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SYSWELD SOLVER SYSWELD DMP Capabilities Enhancement DMP / Computation Option with Contact
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SYSWELD SOLVER SYSWELD DMP Capabilities Enhancement DMP / Computation Option with Contact
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SYSWELD SOLVER SYSWELD DMP Capabilities Enhancement DMP / Computation Option with Contact
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Displacements computed with the new version of the spot welding tool.
SYSWELD SOLVER SYSWELD DMP Capabilities Enhancement DMP / Computation Option with Contact
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The computation manager works with the previously generated ASCII files and the *_C.DAT thermal and the mechanical files. If any PROJECT_NAME_HT.DAT and PROJECT_NAME_MECH.DAT files have been modified, it is necessary, to generate the ASCII file before to launch the computation manager to take into account the modification. .For this purpose it is then needed to load in Visual-WELD the following GENERATE_ASCII_FILES.DAT file. Then all the ACSII files will be generated and will be used by the computation manager automatically.
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VISUAL-HEAT TREATMENT
General Description
The Heat Treatment Advisor is an easy-to-use workflow based interface that allows you to set up heat treatment simulations. The complete workflow is represented as different steps and you are efficiently guided to complete the set up with minimum input.
Project Description
In this step, you can define the project name and working directory along with other basic information for project identification. The project name will be used for all the files created and the working directory will be used as a repository for all these files.
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Process Definition
You can select required Heating, Carburizing, and Quenching processes for heat treatment. Tempering is not yet supported. Computation options are set automatically: two dimensional (2D translation), axisymmetric (2D rotational) or three-dimensional (SOLIDS). For 3D option, you can also use the cyclic symmetry methodology. Elements with linear or quadratic shape function are valid.
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Material Properties
It is necessary to assign specific material data for both the thermo-metallurgical and the mechanical analysis. This assignment of properties is carried out by entering the Material class and the material name, which exist in the loaded material database. The button brings up the Choice of a material, from which a material can be loaded.
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The quenching media is used as a surface boundary condition. It is assigned to surfaces of the part where heat is exchanged with the surroundings. The heat exchange regions may be defined. You can also define quench media with diving by defining the immersion starting time, the velocity and the heat exchange between the part and the air.
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Clamping Condition
You can define all clamping conditions required for complete welding to take place in this step. First define all clamps to be used: they can be Elastic, Rigid, Symmetry or Unclamped. Then, you should define the clamping sequence as for example. Each clamping condition will be applied from the initial time to the end time. The unclamping condition may be defined as well.
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Solution Parameters
You can set various solver parameters, including Analysis type, Initial temperature, *.par files to use, disk space option, etc., in this step.
You can go to Explorer or Part Table at any time from Heat Treatment Right-click edit or double click on the Explorer sub-folders will automatically take you to the corresponding process block in the Heat Treatment Advisor. Complete GUI is multi-model / multi-window compatible. All user actions are saved in vsession.py file, which can be replayed. Models can be saved in .vdb format, which saves complete information of the model.
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COMPUTATION MANAGER
General Description
Computation Manager is an easy-to-use utility that allows you to manage complex simulations in an efficient way. It gives you an overview of the contents of the selected project and allows you to control the simulations that you wish to run. The key features are listed below. Based on the <project>.vdb selected, all the <project>.prj files are automatically selected and listed in the table Option to select required step is provided Color coding of cells is done based on the solver status. Gray: No computation Blue: Computation running Orange: Problem during computation Green: Computation done
Option to view LOG file is provided for files of all steps by clicking the button.
Computation Manager
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DMP Performance
Improved performance of DMP solver for faster computation without neglecting material physics.
DMP Selection
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VISUAL-VIEWER 7.6
LOCATION SUPPORTS FRAME
With the new version of Visual-Viewer you can compare the results computed directly with measured data one, even if these measured data are defined in a specific local coordinate system. You define the new local frame coordinate system which corresponds to the experimental one and all results are automatically rotated and transformed to facilitate the comparison.
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WELD PLANNER
MANAGEMENT OF 3D MODEL
In Assemblies made of heavy plates withsmaller ratios of surface to volume, shell models are not as effective. To solve this problem, the shrinkage method using solid elements has been implemented inthe new version of WELD PLANNER. The solid elements supported are tetrahedron and hexahedron. In order to define a weld assembly simulation in WELD PLANNER on a 3D model it is helpful to define all the collectors needed for the definition of the material properties, the clamping conditions and the welds . This can be done in Visual-Mesh 7.5.
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As indicated in the following figures, a comparison has been performed on typical Tjoint configuration. On the left side, the distortion results of full transient thermal metallurgical and mechanical simulation is displayed, while on the right side, the distortion is based on the 3D shrinkage methodology. Applying shrinkage in one step will not deliver start and end effects; but the transient simulation compares well to the same level of the distortion computed with the shrinkage method.
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Based on this information, WELD PLANNER will automatically associate the different components that will be spot welded and will create the connector elements to simulate the spot weld connection and apply the thermal shrinkage.
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Based on the chemical composition, a welding CCT diagram and the microstructure for a typical cooling rate can be computed.
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Based on the chemical composition, mechanical properties can be computed for typical cooling rates. The mixture of base and wire material can be computed for carbon or low alloyed steels. Based on the new chemical composition further analysis can be performed.
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It is today possible to export all this data for the generation of a specific SYSWELD material database. A specific interface with WELDWARE has been developed for this purpose. All the data exported can be imported by the Phase Transformation Calibration Manager (PTCM) and the Stress Strain curve Calibration Manager.
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