Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.INTRODUCTION
Topics to be covered: 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO METHODS IN
1.INTRODUCTION
Analytical chemistry deals with chemical
characterization of matter on 2 questions: What is it?(qualitative) How much is it?(quantitative) Qualitative analysis-reveals the identity of the elements and compound in a sample Quantitative analysis-indicates the amount of each substance in a sample
Q1: How do you carry out tests for qualitative analysis? A: By performing selective chemical reactions or use instrumentation.
reaction), AgNO3 added to a dissolved sample, producing a white precipitate. This indicates the presence of chloride ions qualitatively. (white solid)
quantitative analysis? A2: Nowadays, we use instrumentation. Because, the results are more accurate. For example, testing of banned substances at the Olympic Games. There are 3 phases in the analysis.
rapidly for the presence of classes of compounds different from normal samples. Techniques use: gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC). If samples have unknown compounds, that may or may not be prohibited, therefore further testing is needed for identification purpose.
Identification phase:
Using techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
of using Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GC-MS)? A3: Complex mixtures are separated by GC. Then, detetected by MS that gives molecular structural data on the compound.
Possible Quantification:
Q4: Why need this step?
A4: Some compounds must be quantified precisely. Meaning that, exact amount of compound must be determined. Therefore, we can verify whether the substance is present at low level or high level.
Thank you.
Next class: Steps in analysis process &
basic tools