ECDA

2005. 3. 29.

KOGAS
ILI

/
(Defect Assessment)

Geometry pig
MFL pig

(Periodic Monitoring)

(Risk Assessment)

( ,T/B)

(PIAM)

(DCVG)

5
( )

(CIPS or CIS)

5
( )

ILI

ILI

PIAM

feed-back

1995-2002 DCVG

DCVG

DCVG .

DCVG IP
,
.

ILI DCVG
Metal loss (mm)

(m)

DCVG

CIPS

Depth
(%)

412.6

42

13

29

( )

6029.3

118

68

59

8115.7

9751.9

99

98

59

13049.8

22

132

22

15010.3

88

518

58

15129.0

140

180

42

17341.7

51

23

(
)

23991.0

168

141

27

10

42384.9

369

325

34

11

24007.0

234

444

36

(ILI )

(km)

260

5 10

718

34

29 km/

10

183

63

2.9 km/

1,161

97

and/or
/

Piggable line: ILI
Unpiggable line: DCVG

ILI
ECDA(External Corrosion Direct Assessment)
KOGAS-ECDA
2005

KOGAS ()
/

ILI

/
(Defect Assessment)

(CIPS)
/

Geometry pig
MFL pig

()

(ECDA)

 ()
- 2
- CIS

?
OFF -850-950

/
( )

NO

NO
YES

PIAM

%IR > 16% ?

<3000cm

YES

( )

DCVG

CIPS

( 15-20 m 2~3 m )
ILI/ECDA

OFF

: -850mV
/ : -950 mV
cf. SRB : -950mV ()
: -1700mV (On, TGC)

ON/OFF 1
ON 1

CIS : ECDA

( )

ECDA , ,
-, - (2005. 3. )

DCVG/CIPS

KOGAS Pipeline
(km)

(km)

10
kg/cm2

20
kg/cm2

50
kg/cm2

70
kg/cm2

56

123

184

2,072

2,435

ILI

94

184

1,656

1,934

ILI

56
(100%)

29
(23.5%)

0
(0%)

416
(20.0%)

501
(20.5%)

ILI

(0%)

79
(64.2%)

165
(89.7%)

906
(43.7%)

1,150
(47.2%)

(98km)

Unpiggable Lines in KOGAS

(Inch)

(km)

20

12

1987

20

23

1988

20

13

2000

20

10

1992

20

19

1993

20

12

1993

20

20

1995

30

53

1998

30

69

1999

30

34

1999

30

19

2000

30

19

1997

30

98

2002

30

79

2002

 ILI (GRI-02/0087)

33% ILI (2002)

75% ILI 40
( )

25% unpiggable

ILI
ECDA . (25% + (42%))

Pressure Test

In Line Inspection (ILI-MFL)

Direct Assessment (DA)

Others

ILI-MFL ()

T. Morrison et al, IPC 2000

ILI-MFL ILI
.

ILI-MFL

10% , 80%

5 10%

50% reasonable, 50%

.

(threshold value)
.

ECDA

(External Corrosion Direct Assessment)

(external corrosion)
(pre-assessment), (indirect inspection),
(direct examination), (post assessment) 4

(CP)
, ,

/ /

knowhow:
:

ECDA ///Guideline

49CFR192.923 - 931 ( )

ASME B31.8S Section 6.4

ASME B31.8S Appendix B2 & A3

NACE RP0502 (Methodology)

Shall/Must
Should Statements

GTI 04/0071 (Implementation Protocol)

 ECDA ()

PRE-ASSESSMENT

INDIRECT EXAM.

DIRECT EXAM.

Risk Assessment
(region)

IMMEDIATE
SCHEDULED
MONITORING

SEVERE
MODERATE
MINOR

/
/

CIS/DCVG/

POST ASSESSMENT

NACE RP0502 , ,
,

 1: (PRE-ASSESSMENT)
ECDA TOOL SELECTION MATRIX

CIPS

DCVG

Pearson

EM

AC Attenuation

Coating holidays

1,2

1,2

Anodic zone or bare pipe

Near river or water crossing

Under frozen ground

1,2

Stray currents

1,2

1,2

Shielded corrosion activity (heat-shrink sheet)

Adjacent metallic structures

1,2

1,2

Near parallel pipelines

1,2

1,2

Under HVAC overhead electric transmission lines

1,2

Shorted casing

Under paved roads

1,2

Uncased crossing

1,2

1,2

Cased piping

At deep burial locations

Wetlands (limited)

1,2

1,2

Rocky terrain/rock ledges/rock backfill

*1: - ( <600mm2),
*2: - ,
*3: -

ECDA REGION - EXAMPLE

ECDA 1

ECDA 2

ECDA 3

ECDA 4

ECDA 5

CIS
CIS/DCVG

SCM

CIS/DCVG

River

Sandy-Loam

Sandy

Sandy

Loam

Medium

Well Drained

Well Drained

Poor Drainage

No History

Low

Med. Resist.

High

No History

Some Problems

Many Problems

CIS(2)

DCVG

(ASP)

CIS

DCVG

<50m,

CIS

DCVG

(6)
,
+ 1
.

>50m,

CIS

SCM(3)

DCVG

1. , 40-50m CIS
2. 30m SCM
3. 1, 2 DCVG

CIS

DCVG

(4)(5)(6)

CIS

DCVG

, (4)

CIS

DCVG

CIS

DCVG

DCVG

1. CIS
2. 30m SCM
3. DCVG

CIS

SCM

Steel casing

GSD 2124

()

CIS

DCVG

encasement

CIS

DCVG

 (INDIRECT INSPECTION)
TOOL

RECOMMENDED
INTERVAL SPACINNG (ft)

MEASUREMENT UNITS

CIS (ICCP)

3 10

mV (CSE)

CIS (sac. Anodes)

3 10

mV (CSE)

DCVG

36

% IR cathodic/anodic

PEARSON (ACVG)

15 to 25

% of total signal

PCM 1
(EM, AC attenuation)

Max. depends on condition

Narrowed down 60 150
Min. 10 - 15 (note 5)

Loss (% drop) in signal4 current (mA) vs. distance

May also be plotted in dBmA vs. distance (note 5)

PCM A-FRAME (ACVG)

Max depends on condition

Narrowed down 2-4
Min. <1 (note 5)

dBV

C-Scan 1
(EM, AC attenuation)

Max. depends on condition

Narrowed down 60 150
Min. 10 - 15 (note 5)

Loss (% drop) in signal4 current (mA) vs. distance

May also be plotted in dBmA vs. distance (note 5)

Cell-To-Cell

10 20

mV shift: reverse in polarity

4-Pin Resistivity
(or soil box)

Start, Finish 1/3, 2/3 distance

along region length

cm

ECDA Implementation Protocol, GTI 04/0071, Gas Technology Institute (2004)

CIS (25 ft to 5 ft)

5 ft interval

25 ft interval

ECDA - DCVG
5 ft interval

% IR
25 ft interval

DCVG - %iR
5 ft interval

25 ft interval

DCVG - %iR
5 ft interval

25 ft interval

.

.

pH .

CP
On/Off CIS (ECDA Step 2) (ECDA Step 3)
corrosion active/passive ..


CASE 1: Active corrosion

CASE 2: Passive corrosion

Types

Potential (mV/CSE)

Pipe-to-Soil Potential

-1430 to -1200

Potential inside crevice

-610 to -550

OFF

(, off)
( , cm)
40cm ( )
.


45

40

-5000
-4000

35

-3000
-2000

30

T/B NO.

-1000

25

-850.0
-600.0

20

15

10

5
5

10

15

20

Time, Quarter

active/passive corrosion


(RP0502, GTI-04/0071)
Tool/Environment

Minor

Moderate

Severe

CIS (ICCP)

Small dips,
On/off potentials < -0.85V

Medium dips,
On potential < -0.85V,
Off potential > -0.85V

Large dips
On/ off potentials > -0.85V

CIS (sac. Anodes)

Small dips
< -0.85V

Medium dips
> -0.85V

Large dips
> -0.85V

DCVG

1-15% (or 1-35%)

cathodic both on and off

16-35% (or 35-50%)

cathodic on, anodic or
neutral off

36 -60% (or 50-100%)

anodic both on & off

PEARSON (ACVG)

1 30%

30 -65%

65 100%

PCM 1
(EM, AC attenuation)

1 30%

30 50%

50 100%

PCM A-FRAME (ACVG)

30 50 dBV

50 - 70 dBV

> 70 dBV
(2ft intervals around defect)

C-Scan 1
(EM, AC attenuation)

10 25%

25 60%

60 100%

Cell-To-Cell
(with resistivity)

< 10mV &

(> 5000cm)

> 10mV &

(3000 - 5000cm)

> 10mV &

(< 3000cm)

4-Pin Resistivity
(or soil box)

< 10,000 cm

1,000 - 10,000 cm

< 1,000 cm

 - (CIS)

DIRECT EXAMINATION

(urgency of excavation)
(Immediate action required)
(Schedule for action required)
(Suitable for monitoring)

/ feedback


Immediate Action Required

Severe indications in close

proximity regardless of prior
corrosion
Individual severe indications
or groups of moderate
indications in regions of
moderate prior corrosion
Moderate indications in
regions of severe prior
corrosion

Taken from NACE RP0502 Table 4

Scheduled Action Required

All remaining severe

indications
All remaining moderate
indications in regions of
moderate prior corrosion
Groups of minor
indications in regions of
severe prior corrosion

Suitable for Monitoring

All remaining
indications

 ()
1: CIS +

(cm)

Severe

Moderate

Minor

NI

< 3,000

I*

S*

S*

M*

3,000 7,000

I*

S*

M*

M*

7,000 20,000

I*

S*

M*

NI*

> 20,000

S*

M*

M*

NI*

I*

S*

M*

NI

Severe

Moderate

NI

Minor

NI

NI

NI

Severe

Moderate

Minor

NI

NI

NI

2: DCVG or PCM/SCM
PCM/SCM

DCVG

CI(P)S

KOGAS

/ pH

()


t
RL 0.85SM
GR
FOR:

PFAIL PMAOP
SM

PYIELD PYIELD

SM (safety margin) = 0.6

GR () = 10 mil/y
T () = 0.330

0.330
RL 0.85(.6)
16.8yr
.010

1/2 ECDA !!!

Maximum

0.4 mm/y*1
0.3

pit depth/burial time

mm/y at least 40mV CP

LPR measurement (ASTM G59) + pitting index

Corrosion coupon

*1. Upper 80% confidence level of maximum pitting rates for long term (up to 17y) underground corrosion tests of
bare pipe coupons without CP in a variety of soils including native and non-native backfill.

ECDA ()

Selection Criteria
Identified by Risk Management Program
Primary Threat External Corrosion
Not piggable
8 OD changes
10 plug valves

ECDA ()

20 mile section in study area

24-34 inch, 400# MAOP, 20 to 40% SMYS, 1944 HAA, 1974 Tape
13 Integrity Management Areas (IMAs)

6300
6000
4950
2300
2150

under streets,
under concrete,
under soil,
in paved parking,
in backyards

EXAMPLE
IIT
CIS
PCM
DCVG

Severe
18
42
1

Result of Classification
Indication Classification
Moderate
Monitored
1
30
N/A
20
0
7

NI
15
16
3

Good alignment between techniques

CP was protecting poorly coated section of pipe
Results appear rational

EXAMPLE Poor Condition

Direct Assessment Survey

Pacific Gas & Electric

Line 300A - Section 1 - MP 428.56 to 446.96

Sheet 50 of 97
Profile A1

1.8

Excavate 10 ft.

1.6

Pipe -to-s oil Pote ntial (-Volts )

1.4
1.2

Pipe Line Marker, Fence

Overhead AC
Test Station

0.8
Brow ns Valley Rectifier

0.6
225 250 200

200 100 275 310 350 45

90 120

20

35 25 45

35 18

0.4
125
0.2
0
23110.00

310
4587

1464

286

MP 437.69

23111.00

23112.00

23113.00
P\S OFF

23114.00
P\S ON

23115.00

23116.00

23117.00

Station (100 x feet)

DCVG (mV)
Soil Resistivity (ohm-cm)

23118.00
0.850 Volts

23119.00

23120.00

EXAMPLE
Data Element
ECDA Region
Coating Type
Pipe-to-Soil (mV)
Soil Resistivity
Coating Condition
Liquid underneath coating
Soil pH
Pipe pH
Corrosion
Pit Depth (inches)

Excavation data
Dig 1
132-1
Wrap
-1051
684

Partially Disbonded

Yes
5.5
7.4
No

Dig 2
132-2
HAA
-971
684
Partially Disbonded

Yes
6.0
8.0
Yes
0.015 to 0.031

EXAMPLE

Corrosion Morphology

ILI/ECDA () GTI 04/0071

ECDA DCVG ?

DCVG , ECDA
.

DCVG ECDA
.

ECDA
, ,

feedback

 - ECDA

,
, ,
2
feedback

KOGAS ECDA
DCVG:
:

ECDA (-, -)

NACE RP0502 ,
.