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The easiest way is to run all 6 (3 phases, 3 neutrals) or 4 (3 phases and neutral) leads through a large window CT and connect it to a simple overcurrent relay. This is not always very easy. You can also use individual CT's, wire all the secondaries in parallel and in parallel with the overcurrent relay. It is very important the CT's are matched exactly. Thus the percentage comes into play. Percentage differential is the difference between the operating current and the restraint current. Think of it this way, operating current (phase current) tries to close the relay and the restraint current (neutral) tries to hold it open. If it closes, the breaker trips. So a 10% differential relay setting says that the operating current needs to be over 10% more than the restraint current. This gets much more complicated when you have a zone that includes the generator and the transformer Or this one? (a) Time/ p.s.m curve (b) Current setting (c) Time setting (d) Fault current (e) Current transformer ratio The procedure for calculating the actual relay operating time is as follows <!--[if !supportLists]-->(i) <!--[endif]-->Convert the fault current into the relay coil current by using the current transformer ratio. <!--[if !supportLists]-->(ii) <!--[endif]-->Express the relay current as a multiple of current setting i.e. calculate the P.S.M. <!--[if !supportLists]-->(iii) <!--[endif]-->From the Time P.S.M. curve of the relay, read off the time of operation for the calculated P.S.M. <!--[if !supportLists]-->(iv) <!--[endif]-->Determine the actual time of operation by multiplying the above time of the relay by time setting multiplier in use. Problem 1: Determine the time of operation of a 5-ampere, 3-second over current relay having a current setting of 125% and a time setting, multiplier of 0.6 connected to supply circuit through a 400/5 current transformer when the circuit carries a fault current of 4000A. The time of operation is 3.5 for a P.S.M value of 8. Solution

Rated secondary current of CT = 5 A Pickup current = 5 x 1.25 = 6.25 A Fault current in relay coil = 4000 x 5/400 = 50 A Plug-setting multiplier (P.S.M.) = 50/6.25 = 8 Given when P.S.M is 8 time operation is 3.5 Sec. Actual relay operating time = 3.5 x Time-setting = 3.5 x 0.6 = 2.1 seconds