8.

Seminar Energy Methods, FEM Class of 2013

Topic Energetic Stability 09.12.2013
A c c e s s
1 Energetic stability: plate buckling
x, u(x,y)
y, v(x,y)

fixed support
loose support
deflection curve w(x,y)
(x,y)
p(L
x
)
p(x)
p(0)
L
y
L
x
v(x,L
y
)
p (x) = p
0

_
1
L
x
x +
_
p (0) = p
0

p (L
x
) = p
0
. . . shape factor for load function
E = const.
t = const. (plate thickness)
= const. (Poissons ration)
wanted : critical load which induces buckling
ansatz functions:
one-parametric ansatz function
w(x, y) = a
1
sin
_
x
L
x
_
sin
_
y
L
y
_
suitable for constant/uniform loading ( = 1)
multi-parametric ansatz function
w(x, y) =

n
_
a
mn
sin
_
nx
L
x
_
sin
_
my
L
y
__
suitable for more complicated loadings.
internal potential energy (neighbouring state)

Ii,N
=
_
x
_
y
B
2
_
(w
xx
+ w
yy
)
2
2 (1 )
_
w
xx
w
yy
w
2
xy
_
dx dy
1
whereas
w
xx
=

x
_
w
x
_
=

2
w
x
2
w
yy
=

y
_
w
y
_
=

2
w
d
2
w
xy
=

x
_
w
y
_
=

y
_
w
x
_
=

2
w
xy
and B ... stiness of plate
B =
E t
3
12 (1
2
)
external potential energy

Ie,N
=
Lx
_
0
p (x) v (x, y = L
y
) dx = W
Ie,N
kinematic dependency v (x, y) and w(x, y)
arbitrary point (x, y)
dy
dy
- dv

dv = dy dy cos
dv = (1 cos ) dy

_
1
_
1
1
2!

2
__
dy
dv =
1
2

2
dy
point (x, L
y
)
v (x, L
y
) =
y=Ly
_
y=0
dv (x, y) =
1
2
y=Ly
_
y=0

2
(x, y) dy
=
w
y
= w
y
(sign depends on coordinate system)
v (x, L
y
) =
1
2
Ly
_
0
w
2
y
(x, y) dy
insertion into external potential energy

Ie,N
=
1
2
x=Lx
_
x=0
p (x)
y=Ly
_
y=0
w
2
y
(x, y) dy dx
2
possible load functions
= 0 p (x) = p
0

x
L
x
= 1 p (x) = p
0
0 1 p (x) = p
0

_
1
L
x
x +
_
using the one-parametric ansatz function and constant load p (x) = p
0
, i.e. = 1
I
1
=
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
w
2
xx
(x, y) dxdy = a
2
1
_

L
x
_
4
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
sin
2
_
x
L
x
_
sin
2
_
y
L
y
_
dxdy
= a
2
1
_

L
x
_
4

1
2
x
L
x
4
sin
_
2
x
L
x
_

Lx
0

1
2
y
L
y
4
sin
_
2
y
L
y
_

Ly
0
= a
2
1
_

L
x
_
4

L
x
2

L
y
2
I
2
=
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
w
2
yy
(x, y) dxdy = a
2
1
_

L
y
_
4
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
sin
2
_
x
L
x
_
sin
2
_
y
L
y
_
dxdy
= a
2
1
_

L
y
_
4

L
x
2

L
y
2
I
3
=
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
w
xx
(x, y) w
yy
(x, y) dxdy = a
2
1

4
L
2
x
L
2
y
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
sin
2
_
x
L
x
_
sin
2
_
y
L
y
_
dxdy
= a
2
1

4
L
2
x
L
2
y

L
x
2

L
y
2
I
4
=
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
w
2
xy
(x, y) dxdy = a
2
1

4
L
2
x
L
2
y
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
cos
2
_
x
L
x
_
cos
2
_
y
L
y
_
dxdy
= a
2
1

4
L
2
x
L
2
y

1
2
x +
L
x
4
sin
_
2
x
L
x
_

Lx
0

1
2
y +
L
y
4
sin
_
2
y
L
y
_

Ly
0
= a
2
1

4
L
2
x
L
2
y

L
x
2

L
y
2
I
5
=
_
Lx
0
p (x)
_
Ly
0
w
2
y
(x, y) dydx = p
0
a
2
1
_

L
y
_
2
_
Ly
0
_
Lx
0
sin
2
_
x
L
x
_
cos
2
_
y
L
y
_
dxdy
= p
0
a
2
1
_

L
y
_
2

L
x
2

L
y
2

Ii,N
=
B
2
a
2
1
L
x
L
y
4
_
_

L
x
_
4
+2

4
L
2
x
L
2
y
+
_

L
y
_
4
_

Ii,N
=
B
2
a
2
1
L
x
L
y
4
_

2
L
2
x
+

2
L
2
y
_
2
= a
2
1
C
0

Ia,N
=
1
2
p
0
a
2
1

2
4

L
x
L
y
= p
0
a
2
1
C
1
3
equilibrium condition

I,N
=
Ii,N
+
Ia,N

I,N
= a
2
1
(C
0
p C
1
)

I,N
= 0

I,N
a
1
= 0 = 2a
1
(C
0
p
0
C
1
)
p
0,crit
=
C
0
C
1
= B L
2
y

2
L
2
x
+

2
L
2
y
_
2
2 Buckling factor
ideal buckling stress
p
crit
=
crit
t = k
E
t
whereas

crit
. . . ideal buckling stress
t . . . plate thickness
k . . . buckling factor

E
. . . Euler stress
Euler Stress
Euler buckling stress = reference stress depending on geometry and material
for Navier boundary conditions:

E
=

2
L
2

B
t
with L ... width of buckling eld
buckling factor referring to form/ kind of loading
k =

crit

E
example square plate (Navier)
Compression uni-axial, k = 4
Bending uni-axial, k = 25.528
Shear, k = 9.34
4
example

crit
=
B
t
L
2
y

2
L
2
x
+

2
L
2
y
_
2

E
=

2
L
2
x

B
t
k = L
2
x
L
2
y

_
1
L
2
x
+
1
L
2
y
_
2
square plate L
x
= L
y
= L
k = L
4

_
2
L
2
_
2
= 4
3 Consideration of additional ribs
x
y
adding to buckling stiness

Ii,N
=
Ii,N
(plate) +

Ii,N
(rib)
with n ... number of ribs
ribs in y-direction
plate theory

v
z
=
dv
dy
= z

2
w
y
2
= z w
yy

Ii,N
(rib) =
_
v
w
i
dV
w
i
=
1
2
E
2
=
1
2
E z
2
w
2
yy

Ii,N
(rib) =
1
2
_
y
_
_
_
A
z
2
dA
_
_
Ew
2
yy
dy =
1
2
Ly
_
y=0
EI
x,rib
w
2
yy
(x = x
rib
) dy
with w
yy
(x
rib
) ... deection at position of rib
5
ribs in x-direction

Ii,N
(rib) =
1
2
Lx
_
x=0
EI
y,rib
w
2
xx
(y = y
rib
) dx
several ribs in large distance
x
y
I
R
x-direction

Ii,N
=
Ii,N
(plate) +

k
_
_
Lx
_
0
_
EI
R,k
2
w
2
xx
(x, y
k
)
_
dx
_
_
y-direction

Ii,N
=
Ii,N
(plate) +

k
_
_
Ly
_
0
_
EI
R,k
2
w
2
yy
(x
k
, y)
_
dy
_
_
Several ribs in small distance with equal spacing
I
R
x
y
a
x-direction

Ii,N
=
Ii,N
(plate) +
Ly
_
0
Lx
_
0
_
EI
R
2a
w
2
xx
(x, y)
_
dxdy
y-direction

Ii,N
=
Ii,N
(plate) +
Lx
_
0
Ly
_
0
_
EI
R
2a
w
2
yy
(x, y)
_
dydx
smeared consideration
6