Professional Documents
Culture Documents
&7
fhb:U7e{`u|7Z!]PW~Y7ZhZ_a[Z!]1`cokZ!UBWPb/]1b:ncnu`cU7i|.`uZWVxS`u!Z/;jb:]W~Y7`cePZ_a[,Z]1`cokZ!ULWPW~Y7Zhe~i/o[7nuZ
e1[7i/Z :z zz /@ zz zz . .@ \ b/]1|7Z!]1Z|\[ji/`c]1e V g }.
e1d.o b/aS WVxhi/bU7| i/ !Z`uULe!W1Z:vKZ!YB]1ed7 er&Z!1W r{h wSrzz{wP Vr 1{ 1y wwSxSzY7`cw;@Yr`c{U xyb:1]1 |.e]{Z[7]{wZi/e1Z!U7UL|rW~e W~Y.Z
:z
.
.~ H
ta@a z::
&7
fhb/U7e1`c|7Z]KW~Y.Z3ZE.[,Z]{`uoZULWb/
W1Y7]1bHxS`cU7gi|7`c]{WS`uULW1bgi|ji/]CW~s,bLi/]1|OxS`W~Y\]~i/|7`cd7e aT
#"
!
$
z "PR; P (
@;CC~j ]1i/U7|7b:o^ti/]1`ui/s7nuZ `ceKzi/ncnuZ| : zg`c`W~eK]~itU7:Z3 `ceKb:d7ULW~i/s7nuZt
e1Z_W`ce\i/nuncZ|b/d7ULW@i/s7ncZ ``W`ueZ`W~Y7Z!]OjU7`cW1Zb:]b:d7ULW~i/s7ncp`cU.jU7`W~Zte1Z_W `uezi/ncnuZ!|
b/d7ULW@i/s7np`uU.7U7`cW1Z3`
W~Y.Z]1Z3`ueikb:U.Z_ W1btVb/U7Zi/U7|b/UBW1bgd7U7_W~`cb:U wxSY7Z]{Z `ueSW~Y7Ze1Z_W
b/y[b/e1`cW1`c^/Z`uULW~Z!:Z]{e B/Ea z k&`c/Zb:]Z_.i/o[7ncZ/w }*.:Ea z w&W~Y7Ze1Z_Wb/hU.b:UaVU.ZLitW1`c^/Z
`uULW1Z:Z!]1ewj`ce?b/d7ULW@i/s7npO`uUajU7`cW1Zi/e P & `ceSib:U7Z_W~bt b:U7ZitU7|b/UBW1bd7U7!W1`ub:U
ta z w7W~Y7Ze{Z!Wb/P[,b:e{`cW~`^:ZZ_^:ZU`uULW~Z!:Z]{ewj`ceKb:d7ULW~i/s7ncp`uU.jU.`cW~Zite
& `ueSib:U7ZE
%
'
&
'
*),+
.-
0/
/
3
.1
21
354
6/
7/
*3
1
XZ@W+Hx +&()gAXs&@B,
A]
!B(
%'!U,<AAB'BQ
Z-!B+ +,fYXR9DQG#.9
%
ZP&S.,
%,!B(DC'
%.!I!B(gCA9DQ,OS!$:B,+HA&@'!$-+ #$W
R!MXg@B,-YQ
@!N'
!BV(<K+CO
&A
,!D
Q){A[
[B,!N!B,9N.B&SD<.&(EG&S>BAN9++H
Z!'.!-9-
P# N9+, DAb>I &(A+-`.
A%+ @BYDC)*!.B[@B ]
:9
8
;9
9
W~b*Vb:U7Zi/U7|b:ULW~bd7U.!W~`cb:U r }
*. : 3a zz W~Y7Ze{Z!Wb/y`uULW~Z!:Z]{e`ue!b:d7ULW@its7ncp
`uUajU7`cW1Zi/e
& `` `c`ceKeKZ!ba^:|7Z!| U `ueyib:U.Z_ W1btVb/U7ZitU7|gb:ULW1b3d7U7_W~`cb:U
W~Y.Zge1Z_Wb/?]~itW1`ub:Ujitn;Ud.osZ!]1e `ce3!b:d7ULW@i/s.ncp`uU.7U7`cW1Zkite wxSY.Z]1Zg *a itU7|
b:] w i/U7| itU7| it]1Z]1Z!nitW1`c^:Z!ncpk[7]1`cokZ i/]{Z3!b:d7ULW@its7nuZe1Z_W~eitU7|
b/d7ULW@i/s7ncZd7U7`ub/U\bt
!b:d7ULW@i/s.nuZe1Z_W~e`ueK!b:d7ULW@i/s.nuZ/
vKYBd7eb:]ig|7`ue{]{Z!W~Z3] ^,w`W~e]~i/U7/ZokiHp\s,ZxS]1`W1W1ZUi/e
zz b/]e1d.@Yig] ^,
W~Y.Z?okb/e{WPb/sB^`cb:d7e
xhizpW~b|.Z!jU7ZK`W~e|7`ueCW~]1`cs7d.W1`ub:Uxhb:d.nu|s,ZhW~bZEa[7nu`c `cW1nc p e{[ Z!`cp
e1izp7&b:] w*xSY7Z!]1Zhb/]!b:o[7d.W~`cU7 b:U7ZU7ZZ!|7e
W~b:bsji/@W~bW~be{ZZxSY7`u@Y3 e1itW~`ce{jZ!e
W~Y.Zb/U7|7`cW1`ub:Urh w,b:ncnuZ!!Wi/nune{d7@Y e`uULW1bike{Z!W 5i/U.|W~Y7Z!U|7Z_jU7Z g_
TVUW~Y7`ce;[7]1bZ!e1e`cW;`ce;`uo[7nu`c`WW1YjitW;xyZit]1ZK|7Z_jU7`uU.W1Y7ZSZ!^/ZULW ji/e /rh
Y7Z!UXW~Y.Z\[.]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVp|7`ueCW~]{`us7d.W1`ub:Ubtir|.`ue1!]1Z_W~ZH] ^,`ue|7Z_jU7Z|XsLpe1[,Z`p`uU7
b:] W1Y7ZUF`W`uesZ!`uU7\e1[,Z!`cjZ!|W~Y7]{b:d7:Y `cW1e[.]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVpoki/e{ed7U.!W~`cb:UOTVU :ZU7Z!]~i/nW~Y.Z
|7Z_jU7`cW1`ub:Ub/
i[7]1b/sji/s7`cnu`cWVpkoki/e1e?d7U.!W~`cb:U`ueSi/eKb:ncnubHxSe
@;CC~j d7U7!W1`ub:U . xS`cW~Yki3!b:d7ULW@its7nuZ|7b:oki/`uUk 5 z `uezi/ncnuZ!|
i7
r wj i/U.| Fb/]K ?`
xS Y7Z!]1Z w E
[,Z!`cp`uU7W1Y7Z3|.`ue{W1]1`cs7d.W~`cb:UOb/Pi|7`ue{]1Z_W~ZzS]!^,ysLp`cW1e[ o\(oZzi/U7eS[7]{bH^a`c|7`uU.kid7U7_W~`cb:U
_w&xSY7`u@Y`ueiO[o\(xS`W~Y i/e`W~e|7b:oki/`cUi/e`uUF@;CC~j w&xS`cW~YW1Y7Z`uULW~Z!]1[7]{Z!W@i*W~`ub/U
W~Y7itW P`W~YW1Y7`ue`uULW1Z]1[.]1Z!W~itW~`cb:Uw Pzi/Us,ZK|7Z!jU.Z| 5U.b/WU7Z!Ze{e~i/]{`uncp
b:U7npb:] rOite `cb/ W~Y7Z! ]{xS`ce1Z bHxnuZ_Wd7encbab/i*Wib:d.[7nuZ3b/Z_.i/o[7nuZ!e
W~bZE7itok`cU7ZY7bHxW~Y.Z|.`ue{W1]1`cs7d.W~`cb:Ub/
i|7`ce1]{Z!W1ZH?] ^,okizps,Ze1[,Z`jZ|\sLp`cW1eK[ o\ (c
&7
F 3, Z!]1ZW~Y.Z] ^, i/Ub:U7np W~i//Z^ti/ncd7Ze`cU *.z:@a@a itU7|
W~YBd7e`cUFb:]{|7Z]W~bb:s.W~i/`uU `cW1e[o (xyZOb:U7np U.ZZ|W1bj:d7]{Zb:d.W ?b:] .z:E@
bHxyZ!^/Z]yb/]W1Y7`ue[7d.]1[,b:e1ZSxhZSj]{e{WyU7ZZ!|kW~bBU7bHxW~Y.Z[7]{b:sji/s.`unu`W~`cZe
btZzit@Yge~itok[7ncZK[b/`uULWP
d7[.[b:e{ZW~Y7Z!b:`uU`ces7`ui/e1Z!|xS`W~Y k w&e{bW~YjitW k w&i/U.|W1Y7ZW~Y.]1ZZW1b:e1e{Zei/]{Z
`uU.|7Z[,ZU7|.ZULWzvKY7ZUW~Y.Z[.]1b:sjits7`unc`cW~`cZeyb/W1Y7Z eSi/]{Z3ite?b:nuncbxSe!
q;]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVp az
S S
S
q;]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVp :
bHxi*W~Z]!b:nuncZ!W1`uU7W1Y7ZK eb/]1]1Z!e1[,b:U7|7`cU7W~bW~Y7ZSb:d7]Z!^/ZULW~e b:] .z:@a@ xhZ:Z_W
k
/
*3
1
3
3
3
3
7
3
1
)$
,$.-
-
)$)!#"
3
+*
/
0
%$ &$'($
+ -
324
)"
0
65
7
8
.
.9
=<
;:
<
><
<
=<
<
<
9?9
<
0.1
p.m.f.
0.2
0.3
0.4
P.m.f. of X of Example 1
&7
3, Z]1Zg t@. z z/:z i/U7|W~Y.Zg[7]{b:sji/s7`cnu`WVpb/?Zzi/@Y b/?W~Y.Z
b/: W~Z_Y7^:Z ZULW1e d7 U.|j i/oZULb:W@]i/n&b/d.W~!ab:@oka Z!zeSzi/zeS:`u:UOW~Y.Zi/]{b/ZnunubHb:xSd7U7`cU7|OsLW@pOits7ncbanuZtb: B`cU7itWKW1Y7Z^ti/nud.ZW@i/tZeKb:]?Zi/@Y
:
H
H :
H :
bHx `hW~Y.Zk|7`cZ`uei/`u]!w&W~Y7Z!UFZzi/@Yb/?W~Y.Z d7U7|jitokZ!UBW~i/nb:d.W1b:oZe`ueZ Bdji/ncncpnc`u/Z!ncpxS`cW~Yi
[7 ]{b:sji/s7`cnu`WVpb/ /: Zi/@Yw7e{bW1YjitWKsLpgb:ncnuZ_:W~`c U7b:]?!b:d7ULW~`cU7W~Y.ZUd.osZ!]?b/W~Y.Ze1Zd7U.|ji/oZULW@i/n
b:d.W1b:oZeW~YjitWnuZzit|W~bgW1Y7ZZ!^/ZULW b:] @. z z/:z xhZb:saW@i/`cUW~Y7Z[ o\ (b/;
i/e
: H /
xSY7`c@Yokizps,Z/]~i/[7Y.`uzitnuncpk|7Z![7`u_W~Z|i/eKb:ncnubHxSe
0.0
0.5
24
)"
1.0
1.5
x
65
2.0
2.5
3.0
$
<
0.04
p.m.f.
0.08
0.12
0.16
P.m.f. of X of Example 2
10
12
&7
fhb:U7e1`c|7Z]KW1Y7ZZ_a[Z!]1`cokZ!UBWSbt
tZZ[.`uU7b:UW~b:e{e1`uU.ki!b:`uUW1`ununiZzit|i/[.[Zi/]1e!yjb:]
W~Y.`uePZE.[,Z]{`uoZULWzwB *{\1S1SS z Z_jU7Z?W~Y.ZK]~i/U7|.b:o^ti/]{`i/s7ncZyrh b7b/
W~Y. Z?eUB`uUd7owLs,xSZ]
Y7bt`c@jYkW~b:`cUe{e1Zxye;b:]{]1Z |.Beyd7:`c]1`^:Z|3Z!eW~wBbW~Y7:ZZ_W
UBW1d7Y7oZhs,jZ]{]e{W;b/vZzi/i/|`cnueP`cUW~`ci/nunUW~Y7ZEaZS[jZ!]1]1eC`uW?oZULZzWi/|gxSi/Y7[7Z]{[,ZKZzi/i]{eb/wB`ub:U];`ceW1b:e1e{ Z:|`^:W~Z!`cnue n
iZzit|i/[.[Zi/]1e!PfhncZzi/]{ncp
z xSY7`c@Y3`ce&U7b/WjU7`W~Z;s7d.Wb/d7ULW@i/s7np`uUajU7`cW1Z/vKYBd7eW~Y7`ce
] ^,`ue?|7`ce1!]1Z!W1Z/ bHx`uUOb:]{|7Z]?*W1.bzb//s.EW@ai/ `cUW~ Y7Z[ o\(;btw.e1d7[7[,b:e{ZW1Y7ZW~b/e1e1Z!eit]1Z`uU.|7Z[,ZU7|.ZULW
i/U7|3nuZ_W k b:]e1b/okZ e1bW~Yji*W k e~izp._
vKY7ZUb/] .z:@a zz w
S
{ :`c^/ZeW~Y7Zy[ o\ (b/. b/W~ZW~Yji*W `ce
inuZ/`cW~`cogi*W~Z
oki/ULp
[o (Ps,Zi/d7e1Z .:Ea zBi/U7| g y
U7Zb/W~Y7Zoki/`uU]{Zzi/e{b:U7eb:]b:saW@i/`cU7`uU7kW~Y7Z[7]{b:sji/s7`cnu`WVp|.`ue{W1]1`cs7d.W~`cb:Ub/hiO] ^,`ueW~bs,Zi/s7nuZ
W~bgb:o[7d.W1Z b/]i/Uit]1s7`W~]~it]{p Y7`cnuZW~Y7`ce`ceb/U7Z![.W~djitnuncp\eCW~]~it`u:YLW{b:]{xhi/]{|
W~b |7be{bd7e{`uU7W~Y7Z\[o ( b/im|7`ue{]1Z_W~Zz] ^, xS`cW~YW~Y.ZY7Z!nu[mbtW~Y.Zb:]{od7ni
_wPW1Y7Z^ti/nu`c|7`cWVpb/SxSY7`u@YZi/e1`cncpb:nuncbHxSe3]1b/o!b:d7ULW@i/s.nuZOi/|.|7`cW1`c^`cWVpb/ k _wP`cU
[7]1i/!W1`uZtwBZ!^ti/nud7itW~`cU7W~Y7Ze1d.okokitW~`cb:UokiHpsZiW~Z|.`ub:d7e;W~i/e1jb:];Z_.i/o[7ncZ/wB`uU&7
wBW~Y.Z
[7]{b:sji/s7`cnu`WVpbtW1Y7ZZ!^/ZULWzw itWob:eCWb:U7ZY7Zi/|77w&okizps,ZZ_a[7]{Ze1e{Z|ite wW~Y7Z[7]{b:sji/s.`unu`WVp
b/SxSY7`c@Y`ueb:saW@i/`cU7Z|ite : : y`cU
&7
w,W1Y7Z[.]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVpbtPW~Y7Z3Z!^/ZULWzw e1d7o U7b/WZ_aZ!Z|7`cU7 gitU7|U7b/WnuZ!e1eW~Yji/U 7wogizp
s,ZZEa[7]1Z!e1e1Z!|i/e .w7W~Y7Z[7]{b:sji/s7`cnu`WVpgb/xSY7`c@Y`ueKb/s.W@i/`cU7Z|i/e
w W1Y7Z[7 ]{b: sji/ s7L`cnu `WVpO b/ ; W~Y.Z Z!^/Z ULWzw itW ncZz i/eCW W1 b:e1e{Z eit ]1Z]{Z B d7`u]{ Z|/kW1b: Z_W/W~:Y7 Z.i/jU7]1|eCW`uUZi/&|777wog
izp
s,ZZ_a[7]{Ze1e{Z|mi/e .wPW1Y7Z[7]{b:sji/s7`cnu`WVpb/HK xSY7`u@Y`ceb:s.W~i/`uU.Z|i/e
@Y [7]{b:sji/s. `unu`WV p
~
W
b
:
b
n
S
x
7
Y
c
`
@
/
i
!
u
`
u
n
`
@
W
t
i
1
W
Z
?
e
{
e
7
d
b/ok [7 daW@itW1`ub: UO`ceK zi/ncnu Z|!d7 o d7nuitW~` ^:Z |7`c e{W1]1`us.d. W~`c b:U d7 U7_W~`ub/Uw.xSY7`c@Y`ceK|7Z!jU.Z|iteSb/nunubHxSe!
@;CC~j jb:]ig]!^, `W~e H, zt , ,rb:] `ce:`^:Z!UsBp
!k &b:] #" "
$
6
-
0
:
8
=
7
9?9
!
>
$
9
7+
" 8"
!
"
)-
"
+ -
7+
$ ,$'($
$
324
)"
65
64
64
DC!)+*P@
VBIDQ@<+A+f)*$!,!, x ]U&!I bI )MI+H
?EA+H&SB.WXZ+H&(d-gBI E I-,
V&@f'
%9+AT+-d+=`
!
: b:] w
/ : Kb:] m w
/ :m i/U7|jUjitnuncpb/]
. aH TVUe1d7oogit]{p
`c "
: `c
!g : `c
`c
`c "
xSY7b:e{Z3/]~i/[7YOxSY7Z!U[7ncb/W1W1Z|\i/Lit`uU7eCW ncbab:BeSi/eKb:ncnubHxSe
!k Z_Wb: ] w !k
!k &
O!k ?zi/U"s,Zw xS!g]1 `cW{W~Z! Ui/e? b/nunu bHxSe!
9?9
!
!
04
!
0.8
1.0
c.d.f.
0.4 0.6
0.0
0.2
"!# $% &
'(
*)+
,
%)
,-)+
,%./&0.12.#%3*&
'(! ) , .54.6 ,'(7 &8 9
:!Q+
'('()G;+='(!Q<>8'
))@ &R?A'=B<SC4'(
: T'(D?AEUG'('(VX);FWZ)YG[]
\S&
^U_a !H`);.
Ib)c&0.J'!QIKLT&
'!
$)0'(")+8
M
!Q.1&3!.1) 2 .6=%#U
8@
&
)'(!'39 ) M'd ).5+@4.Ne
(O8P!!
%)A)+8f'(") ! : +
'd)g+
!hR! 'd)'d47
BB
'('d)Kij! ! : '() +k) +
Tl"
$)
mZe
f: ]! f%!
)+8'!h
B
B
'('()Kino!!p%
&rq-%)g'kB) : 0.=c!pf $)'(
&]BDsU %9>) +
o
t
D)'( !h
kB
'() Hin%./&3.52.@+u4fB ]!HiP!)oF)' dij%! ! )&v'vX
8&
'dwjp93+
: 4 p'd)*+
!A8
'$)
'() '(4(iT
8&
!);%
&R) : 7x)+8*
D)'( !y%Z)+
*%./&0.12.tB$iz!H)
&8iP'(
7'()'o) +
'!J&
'! s)M ! %.
{ +
7|!)h
7'(!*)+%)A'dt)+
T'!A}! 'd)'(47
BB
'('()KiR! !AF)hL'(4vD'($)M)+
k) +
7.1&3.52.
s)!7fe
f : 'd)+~)+8}f
$)@Se
8a! o!p) +
}
BB
'('()Kijo!!7
&a'(!p&
'(! $)'"
!
%)Q)+F)*'$)u9D
&R4P' b4 ! 8. { +
g!
&'(")c'!Q)+F)c) +
p.14.X+
!X
BB8''d)KiL%6);"'8
4%
8 !*'(vvD'$)4% : +8 7) +
7.1&3.52.g'(!*q-%)u93
&4P' b4 ! 8.@Q : ()u1!M! T
@N)+8
e,
! !Q>) +
A.1&3.52.N
(i'L
BB
'('d)Kio8
8);%) '0.
VXWZY
[r\S^U_gDE3_P# 6 P &
'(
j%!g'(k) +
o
4P'
!gw887)+
.1&3.52.} 'v)+
'(!
sw8f
(M'!,'d4 R'}) +
MU( : '(
p)B
%
* $ j 7? j f n n 7?C$j 7? j
D
7?j Tj T$j ?C ?C n ?? ?? j ? ? @j
D
$
&7
vKY7Z3t |(b/|7ZU7btW~`uU.W1Y7ZUBd7os,Z]Sb/zi/]{ee{b:nu|sLpie~itnuZe(V[,Z]{e1b:U\b:Ui/`c^:Z!U
|jizpO`ceSi/eKb:nuncbxSe!
04
4
,
4
* 4
?
0.8
1.0
C.d.f. of X of Example 5
c.d.f.
0.4 0.6
0.7
0.0
0.2
0.2
(
1
1
x
{
+
B
B
'('()KiR)+F)g) +
! !HbD ! : '(#BoB87)R! N%)h!)g
fuAr$iv'(4 r&
Ci
'!A'd4]B$i
?
? ? .IK]
9! '(
T)+8
BB
'('d)Ki7o%! !,%)p'd4}D'($)lP
!) +
Mf
$)J8e
fz'f)+
X.1&3.12.tF))+
%)y'$) 9O'd)'(!
u%!i})T! A)+%),) +
M '})+
'(!,sw8f
M+
!G3./R.52. D 8 . O? . 8 . .
X!fu% B=! U ) +
=BDC4nsw8f
( ! 9N)+
R
BB
'('d)Ki~&
'(!)'B
O)' %Mv&
'! s)R .54.
CizBDh! '(|&nB$iL 'd)+
G) +
h3./R.52.J,) +
g%./&0.12.
&R
huR 8!)
)X
A>)+
! p'(4
)+8n) +
& ) +"
!oB)+*) +
"4i )+
=!fR'8UoF)'3. Q : 4 oU
BB8''d)Ki
u%
8 %) '
!M'd)A'!M)KiP
' dij ! '( A)R
! T)+
f.1&3.52.o)+
k) +
f3./R.52.(. Mv)+8) +
h+8&])+8
+RS) +
g0./R.12.t)KiP
' diz'd4!cTB) ) Q'$)
8'()'d4*U B
8)G)+
A
BB8''d)Kiz&
'(!) 'B8
8)'(39
'( : +
y!)#%
)+
o!!S'(!S
") %) &39$!HiPf) i9P
8@BD#-fO&8 !Ss)%.(9) +@) +
%./&3.52.d.
{ +"
!yU,g'(4 }&
'(!)'B
O)'o'()'!JBDs) )y)@+
C4MBD%)+}Z) +
+
&8io
&}
8! *)+8*
: +8';+
'!G%
'%)*UG7'd4R)! -.
c ) z+
C4P'(
&8 !H);8&
'
g~&
'(! ) j
BB
'('d)Ki&8'!) '(B
8)'(39 : v
swP)})
8
%)) $) 'o) &
!y!
HiT !
!y%x!
;+L&
'(!)'B
O)'
! . { +
'!y!;+
f*'(!y%
!N) p)+8
;+O) , *: ! '(8)'d4" !P)%)'(!) ' !9 : +8 AF ) &
'!
!! '8@U l"
iz&
'!H) '(B
8) '
!9O+8'!) !
&v'(4! 9Z8@
swP)A)
8
!M81!gF) )$)'j) : % &
!M&
s|
'(
L&
! '(8)'d47!
Hinfu!
!
'(Q 39"f &
'3.SfP&
9P!)
&&o&
s4P' %) '39"! 8 ! !9-P
8)! '!J) .#)+
%) oBXf
8)&
U )+
J&%)8. Q (! : N! +
"&
Qsw8s)(iM) +
! f: .#c : s4S)+
Nsih&
'%$D
+
N'!Z)+F)
:)L*!'fQ'&8 %c|
'(%
)A')
+
!*&
! Xs4l"
(%") '(&v) ' U!6AU}N!ADf
p F)'fB
! %044%&]
84% !t(;
+ !M '(j) ) +
%'T& ;&z+B$Oif) hA.14' .t*!t!
'8) !'( 4&
!P)%)'(!)'( !. { +
g% M) : f ! ! !G>!
fio !
!Q>f8 B%B
'('()Kif&
'!H)'B
8) 'z) +%) :
7
$
+ -
<
<
<
<
7
<
$
<
<
<
-
-
-
64
,-
NB,.
YF N*'@AB@DQ+A
R
B,0,
%) .&S@B%.E.,DQ@A?NBM+-A
%:@*:'N
%N'+[EA@99+N'+-
%&
8,!!)Y)*.,+BOA;.
B0+;<& N0B,+-B,B,NAS
R@)*AB&@BA+A
&S&@.@N9IC-.(}R
gWCXZ!BP+-!B
|,!,#.S)*@RBBYCDV.+[
YDQ++H@.
@<],,B
%
A9']Z9&('!&SA[&MSI '.
MDQ>NBA0@@'9
%N'+EV&
,-!+H
%+O!) ]
9
# '
jb:]1od7niX i/nce1bF:`^:Z!ekW~Y.Z]1Z!nitW1`ub:U7e{Y7`u[rs,Z!WVxyZZU W1Y7Ze{Zb/U7|]~izx okb/okZ!UBWgi/U7|XW~Y7Ze{Z!b:U7|
Z!ULW~]~itnob:okZ!ULWz' &e1`uU.s7`uU.b:ok`ui/n7W~Y.Zb:]{Zo`cW?`cehZi/e{pW~be{ZZW1YjitWKitUBp BW~Y!ZULW~]1i/nob:oZULW?i/U
s,ZkZE.[.]1Ze{e1Z!|`uUW~Z]{okeb/h]~izxob:oZULW~eb/7 B W1Yi/U.|nuZ!e1e{Z]b:]1|7Z!]1e3i/e`uUb:]1od7ni _yZ!b:]{Z
`uncnud7eCW~]1itW~`cU7UBd7okZ!]1`czi/nb/ok[7daW@itW1`ub:U\b/;oZzi/U.ei/U7|^/it]1`itU7Z!ew,`cW`ue[b:e{e1`cs7ncps,Z!W{W~Z]W~bj]1eCW:Z_W
!-
"
0
- *)- *+
),+
54
4
<
4
(Ac:Y'K:$#$)+*-,/.10*3254"6Y`B(
%P&S@<,B,DQ.DVA<87:9 m / <t ; r A;<
>=I
? }R+H
"+H
PQ
M(!!B(XgG#!)UW.S%,+-WB,+)LQ
+-W.0+-<,!+H
M,+&A
Xg?
!j
%AO'KP,+H
P,A&(+;<?!)
,;.'!B,+-W?)*BZB,@DQKE$+W,O
+-W.>+H
Z
A>S$A
+-E.@#+-,[!ABZN!BZ!)O&@B(
%.I
% ;'
'& i/eKxhZi/]{Zi/|7|7`cU7[b:e{`cW1`c^:Z BdjitUBW1`cW1`uZeSitU7|\W1Y7Ze1Z_W
%
= !" /#%$
'& ;' 5 Yji/eitWSob:e{WKW1Y7Ze~i/oZZncZoZULW~eSi/e
5
i/eKb:]KZzi/@Y +& ' 5 B ' 5
%
() ! " /#*$
5
k
' 5
0
54
b/ok[7ncZoZULW@i*W~`ub/Unizx
ei/U `cnuncd7e{W1]~itW1`ub:U
b/ fh Y.ZsLpe1Y7Z_^ e`uU7Z B dji/nu`WVp xS`cW1;Y 5 :w
`Wogizps,Zg e{W~itW~Z! |:0W~Y7it/ W3W1 Y7Zg[.]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVpW1YjitW nc`uZe
s,Z!WVxyZZU : 1/ /a@ b `ce?itW?nuZzite{W / / wBxSY7`uncZW~Y.Z
i/_W~dji/n^ti/ncd7Zb/W~Y7`ceK[7]1b/sji/s7`cnu`cWVpk`ue : :
&7
3, Z!]1ZW~Y.Z[o (b/ `ue:`c^/ZUsLp b:] az:Ea zz
i/U7|W~YBd7e`uU\b:]{|7Z]KW~bb/ok[7daW~Z`cW1eKokZi/UitU7|\^ti/]{`i/U.ZxhZU7Z!Z|W1b7U7|\W1Y7Ze1d7o}b/Pib:d7[.nuZb/
`uUajU7`cW1Ze1Z!]1`uZ!e
`c]1e{W?nuZ!WSd.e!b:o[7d.W~Z`W~eKoZzi/U 'xSY7`u@Y`ueKe1i/okZite
#
%
4
H
$
$
$
$
324
)"
65
<
<
9?9
9;9
<
<
<
9?9
<
<
<
!
24
)"
65
<
<
<
<
:
<
<
4
4
4
:
4
:
4
4
vKY7Z!]1Z!b/]1Z
% % #
i/U7|W~YBd7e
# #
Zi/Ui/U7|^ti/]{`i/U7!Z eCW@i/U.|ji/]1||7Z!^`i*W~`ub/U]1Z!e1[,Z_W~`c^/Znpi/]{ZW~Y.Ze{W~i/U7|jit]1|ob:okZ!ULWsji/e{Z|oZzi*
e1d.]1Zeb/Knubzi*W~`ub/Ui/U.|e1[.]1Zzit|vKY7Z!]1ZOit]1Zi\b:d.[7nuZkokb:]{Ze1d7oogit]{pokZi/e1d.]1ZexSY7`u@YFi/]1Zgi/nue{b
WVp[7`ui/nunp]1Z[,b:]CW~Z|b/]Ki|7`ueCW~]{`us7d.W1`ub:U
vKY7Z!e1Zi/]1ZokZi/e1d7]{ZeKb/e{/Z!xSU.Ze1ei/U7|OBd7]CW~b:e{`ue&`c/ZW~Y.Z
oZzi/e{d7]1Z!eb/KncbaitW~`cb:UitU7|Fe1[.]1Zzit|wPW~Y7Z!e1ZoZzite1d7]{Zei/]{Zi/nce1bU7b/Wd.U7` Bd7ZtbHxyZ!^/Z]W~Y7Z_pY7iH^/Z
i/`c]1ncpke{W~i/U7|jit]1|\okb:oZULWKs7i/e1Z!|oZzi/e{d7]1Z!e
tZ!xSU7Z!e1ePoZzi/e{d7]1Z!eW1Y7Ze{pookZ_W~]{pb/jiK|7`ce{W~]{`us7daW~`ub/Ub/]W~Y7`ce&`cW`ue&^/Z]{pU7itW~d7]1i/n:W~bS!b:U7e1`c|7Z]W~Y.Z
W~Y.`u]1|3Z!UBW1]~i/naokb/okZ!UBWw/d7e{dji/ncncp|7Z!U7b/W~Z!|sLp w/b/jW1Y7Z?|7`ce{W1]1`us.d.W~`cb:UvKYjitW
`ue # -'&
btW~ZeyW~Y7ZokZi/Ub/W~Y7Z|7`ueCW~]1`cs7d.W1`ub:U btW~ZW1YjitWy`ci|7`ueCW~]{`us7d.W1`ub:U
`uege{ p ok oZ!W1']1`c W~ Y.ZEUwaxS`cW1Y7e Z!]1 Z '|7ZU7
jb:]giF|7`ueCW~]1`cs7d.W1`ub:UmxS`W~Y iFY.Zziz^`uZ]O]{`u:YLWkW@i/`cn
itU7|
nu`c/Z_xS`ue1Z b:]i|7`ce{W~]{`u s7daW~ `ub/UxS`cW1Yinub:U.nuZ_WW@i/`cnvKYBd7eW1Y7ZUjitW1d7]1ZbtW1Y7Ze1tZ! xSU7 Z!e1eb/
i|7`ueCW~]1`cs7d.W1`ub:U`ue]{Zzi/|7`cncp]{Z!^/Zzi/ncZ|sLpW~Y.Zke{`u:Ub/ ObxyZ!^/Z]W1Y7ZZ_.i/!W3UBd7oZ]1`czi/nP^ti/ncd7Zb/
`ce3itnue1bi Z!!W~Z!|sLpW~Y.Ze{[7]1Zi/|bt?iO|7`ce{W~]{`us7daW~`ub/Uwi/U7|W~YBd7e3i|7`u]{Z!W!b:o[ji/]1`ce1b:Ub/W~Y.Z
^ti/nud.Ze;s,Z!WVxyZZUWVxhb|7`ce{W~]{`us7daW~`ub/U7eP|7bZeU7b/W[.]1bH^`u|7ZSi/ULp`cU7|7`czitW1`ub:UbtxSY7Z_W~Y7Z!]b:U7ZS|7`ueCW~]{`us7d.W1`ub:U
:
54
4
24
:
4
)$)
74
"
-
$
"
"
- *+
9A
"
e{Z!b:U7|nui/e1eyb/e1d7ooki/]{poZzi/e{d7]1Z!e?b/i|.`ue{W1]1`cs7d.W~`cb:U`uehZEa[7]1Z!e1e1Z!|`cUkW1Z]1oe?b/W~Y7Z BdjitUBW1`uncZe
@;CC~j jb:] w `ueKi/nuncZ|OW~Y7Z j gbtPi] ^,; `
!k wi/U7|
!g
xSY7Z!]1Z !k S`ueW1Y7Zt | (b/ i/U7| !k nc`uo !g `ueW~Y7ZncZ!WCVYji/U.|nu`cok`Wbt !g i*W
W~Y d7i/ULW~`uncZb/Ki|7`ueCW~]{`us7d.W1`ub:U`ceU.b/W~Y7`cU7s7d.W3`cW1e z: W~Y[Z!]1Z!ULW~`uncZ/kvKYjitW`ue `uee1d.@Yi
^ti/nud.ZW1YjitWW~Y7Zk[7]1b/sji/s7`cnu`cWVpb/hW1Y7Zg]!^,W~i/B`uU7i\^ti/ncd7ZnuZe{e3W1Yji/Ub/]3Z d7i/n;W~bW1YjitW3`uei/s,b:d.W
i/U7|ritWncZzi/eCWW~Yji*W`uei/s,b:d.W FvKYBd7eb:]Z_.i/o[7ncZgW~Y7Z\7b/i|7`ueCW~]1`cs7d.W1`ub:Uxyb:d7nc|
s,Z|7ZU.b/W~Z!| sL!p bHxyZ!^:Z!] b/]i|7`ue{]{Z!W~Z] ^gnc`utZe~izpite`uUjXW~Y7Z!]1ZokizpU7btW
Z_a`ce{Wi/ULp^ti/ncd7Ze1d.@YW1YjitWW1Y7Z[7]1b:s7i/s7`unc`cWVpb/yZ_a!ZZ|.`uU7`cW`ueZE7it!W~np i/U7|i/ncnu`uU.ks,Zncbx`cW
3
)$
,$
"
$
`uei/nce1b w
itU7| W1Yd.enuZiz^a`cU7W~Y7ZU7b/W1`ub:Ub/?oZ|.`i/Ud7U7|7Z_jU7Z!|Fd7U7ncZe1e3|7Z!7U7Z|Fi/]1Z_d7nunp:kvKY7Z
[7d7]{[b/e1Zb/h@;CC~j g`ce[.]1Z!`ue{ZncpgW~YjitWwe1bkW1YjitWU7bogi*W1W~Z!]KxSYjitW `cewj`cWSxS`cnun&i/nx?izpeSpa`cZnc|
i/Uki/U7eCxhZ!]yb:] wBxSY.`u@Y`ue;xSYjitWy`cWe{Y7b:d7nc|ks,ZKb:];W~Y7ZSZzite1`unp|7`ce1Z!]1U7`cs7nuZKi/e1Z!e?i/U.|W1Y7Z!nub:e{ZeCWW1b
W~Y.Zb/U7Z![.W~djitn,^ti/ncd7Zb/]W1Y7ZU.b/Whe{bZi/e{pkb:U7Z!e;vKYBd7ehW1Y7b:d7:Y\~;C(~j 3ok`c:YLWnubb:bH^:Z!]1ncp
b/ok[7ncZ_b:]ie1`uo[7ncZ!b:U7!Z[.Ww.`cW`cehiU7Z!Ze{e~i/]CpZ!^`cnxyZY7iH^/ZW~bnu`^:ZSxS`cW1Ywi/U7|gW1Y7Zb/U7ncpxhizpW1b
i/[7[.]1Z!`itW1Z`cWxhb/d7nu|s,ZW~bxyb:]1\xS`cW1Y`cWW1Y7]1b/d7:YigZ!xZ_.i/o[7ncZei/U.|W~Y7Z!UZE.i/ok`cU7ZxSY7Z_W~Y7Z!]
W~Y.Z3itU7e{xyZ]`cWSYjiteSp`cZnu|.Z|ogit/ZeSe{ZU7e{Z/
&7
F 3, e;[,b:`cUBW1Z|b/d.Wi/s,bH^:Z/w/`cW;it[7[Zi/]1eW~YjitW
W~Y7Z!]1Z?`ce
U7bb:sL^`ub/d7e;i/U7eCxhZ!]
b:];W~Y.ZoZ|.`i/Ub/,W~Y7`ce]!^,bHxyZ!^:Z!]y]{b:o W~Y.Zt | (;b/:`^:Z!Uk`cU[7i/:Z {d7eCWyi/sbH^/Z`W~e:]~it[7Y
`uU
`u:d.]1Z waxyZjU7|W1YjitW?W1Y7ZUBd7os,Z] e~itW1`ueCjZe?s,b/W1YgW~Y7Zb:U7|.`cW~`cb:U7ey]1Z Bd7`c]1Z!|OsBp\@;CC~j
b:] O P&Z!W e;e{ZZ?xSYLp:fhb/U7|7`cW1`ub:Ue{W~`c[7d7nuitW~Z!eW~Y7itW !k
itU7|Y7Z]{(Z !k
e~i*W~`ueCjZePW1Y7`ueb:U.|7`cW1`ub:Uw/i/U7| !k nc`uo !g : e~itW1`ueCjZeP!b:U7|7`W~`cb:U
vKYBd7e
i/!b:]{|7`uU73W~bk@;CC~7 7waW1Y7ZoZ|7`ui/Ugbt&W~Y7`ceh] ^,;`ue bHxnuZ_W ehZE7itok`cU7ZxSYLpkW~Y7`ce?i/U7eCxhZ!]
oki//Z!eye{ZU7e{Z/yfhb:U7e{`u|7Z!]yinit]1:ZSUBd7os,Z]b/W~]1`ui/nue;btW1Y7`ueZ_a[,Z]{`uoZULWyxSY.Z]1Z`uUb:U7ZKW1]1`itn.p:b:dW~b:e{e
W~Y.Zk!b:`uUW~Y7]{ZZW~`cokZ!e3itU7| U.b/W~Z|7bHxSUW~Y.ZkUBd7os,Z]b/?Zzit|7e3`cUW1YjitWW~]{`i/n bHx itW1Z]3i\nui/]1:Z
UBd7os,Z]b/W~]1`ui/nue!w7e~izp .wite1e1d.okZ!|W~bs,Z3b|7|w7p/b:dxS`cnunYjiz^/Zi/s,b:d.W : .oki/ULp . ew .
oki/ULp : ew L . oki/ULp a e3itU7| az . ogi/ULp . e!kT yp:b:d[7d.WW~Y.Ze1ZUBd7os,Z]{e`cUite1Z!U7|7`cU7
b:]{|7Z]Si/U.|\W1Y7ZU\nubb:b:]?W~Y7ZUBd7osZ!]`cUW~Y7Zk . W1YO[b/e1`cW1`ub:Ukp:b:dxS`uncn:Z_Wi ;vKYBd7eSW~Y.Z
i/U7eCxhZ!]b/]?W~Y7ZoZ|7`ui/UOsZ!`uU7 ogit/ZeS[,Z]CZ!We{ZU7e{Z
&7
3, d7[.[b:e{ZxhZi/]1Z`cULW~Z]{ZeCW~Z|`cUg|7Z_W~Z]{ok`cU7`uU. b/]yW~Y.Z H W1Yg[,Z](
Z!ULW~`uncZgb/SvKY.ZO/|(bt `ue/`c^:Z!UitWW1Y7Zs,b/W1W1b:obtS[ji/:Z `uUiW~i/s7d7nui/]b/]1o\j]1b:o
W~Y.`ueW@its7nuZ`WokiHpsZe{ZZUW~Y7itW !g
_3vKY7Z]{Z!b:]{Z _w !k itU7|
!k !g ?vKYBd7ei/ULp]1Zi/nUBd7os,Z]s,Z!WVxyZZ!U itU7| Z_ancd7e1`^:Z Bdjitnu`c7ZeKW~bksZzi/ncnuZ!|
i/e b/
F bx !g i/U7| !g w,i/U7| !k i/U7| !k vKYBd7e
W~Y.ZUBd7os,Z]1e i/U7| itnue1be~itW1`ueCpW1Y7Z!b:U7|7`W~`ub/U7e3bt~;C(~j b:] X i/U7|it]1ZkW1YBd7e
nuZ!:`cW1`uokitW~Z^ti/ncd7Zeb:] b/3T Wogizpi/nue{bOsZU.b/W~Z!|W1YjitWU.b\btW~Y7Z!]^ti/nud7Zb:d.W~e{`u|7ZW1Y7Zncb:e1Z!|
`uULW1Z]{^ti/n ye~itW1`ue{7Zes,b/W~YFW1Y7Zb/U7|7`cW1`ub:U.eb/@;CC~j b:] m ZU7!Z b/S `ce
U7b/WSd.U7` Bd7Z itU7|i/ULp\]1Zi/nUBd7osZ!]sZ_WVxhZ!ZU itU7| `cU7ncd7e1`^:Zogizp\sZ3]1Z!Li/]1|.Z|i/eW~Y7Z H W1Y
[,Z]1!ZULW~`cnuZbtFw&i/U7|W1Y7Ze{Zkit]1Z`W~eb:U.ncp[b:e{e1`cs7nuZ^/itnud7Z!evKY7Z]1Zi/e1b:UxSYLpW1Y7`ueitU7e{xyZ]oki//Z!e
e1Z!U7e1ZzitUi/:i/`uUs,Z^`ue1d7i/nu1` Z|`cUW~Z]{okebt?iOnit]1:ZUBd7osZ!]b/yW1]1`ui/nuebtW1Y7`ueZEa[Z!]1`uoZULWvKY7Z
]1Z Bd7`u]{Z|^/itnud7ZxS`cnuns,Ze1b:oZ!W1`uoZe w.e1b:oZ!W1`uoZe i/U7|\e1b:oZ!W1`uoZe?`cUsZ_WVxhZ!ZU
324
)"
65
$
,
!
9?9
24
)"
65
4
*
+
5
,
,
,
!
,
,
$
$
,
!
)"
,
!"
$
,
$
,
$
,
!
,
,
$
,
,
,
,
$
,
$
,
$
$
,
$
$
$
$
,
,
,
84
A
"
),)
Z 7U7`ue{Yb:d.]K|7`ue{d7e{e1`ub/Ub:U|7`ce1!]1Z!W1Z3]!^,itW1Z]Ke1b/nc^`uU7iZ!x[7]1b/s7nuZ!oke!
&7
T W~]1i/`uU.ZZeit]1Z]~itU7|7b:oncpmi/e1e{`u:U.Z|W~b [7]1b {Z!W1e\7U7| W~Y7ZoZzi/Uwe{W~i/U7|ji/]{|
|7Z_^a`uitW~`cb:UwaokZ!|7`i/U w7i/U7|OT btW1Y7ZUBd7os,Z]Kb/[7]{b/{Z_W~eKxS`cW1YOU7b:U7ZbtW1Y7ZW~]1i/`uU7Z!ZeKite1e1`c:U7Z!|W1b
`cW
, &Z!W |.ZU7b/W1ZW~Y7ZgUd.osZ!]b/S[7]{/b {Z_W~exS`W~YFU7b/U7Zb/KW1Y7ZgW~]1i/`uU.ZZei/e1e{`u:U7Z!|FW~b`Wz
vKY7Z!U `cei\|.`ue1!]1Z_W~Z] ^kxS`cW~Y }*.z:@a@a TVUb/]1|7Z!]W1b\7U7|`W~eokb/okZ!UBWitU7| Bdji/ULW1`unuZ
sji/e{Z|okZi/e1d7]{ZeSb/nubzitW1`ub:Ui/U7|\e1[7]{Zzi/|xhZYjiz^:ZW~bj]{e{WSj:d.]1Zb:d.W`cW1eK[o (
4
% k % k & % ! k \ ! & g \ \ 4
sLpOZ BU hb/ l;nuZ!okZ!UBW~i/]{pq;]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVpkvKY7Zb:]CpB
sZ!zi/d.e1Z/w,iLyW1Y7ZZ!^/ZULW i/U\Yji/[7[,ZU\`uU xhiHpeb:d.W
btW1Y7Z[b:e{e1`cs7nuZ i/U.|W1Y7Z]{Zit]1Z b/W1Y7Zo\
shW~Y7ZZ_^:ZULW \ zitUYjit[7[Z!U`cU xhizpe
itU7|\W1Y7Z]{Zi/]1Z b/W~Y7Z!o
HhW~Y.ZZ_^:Z!UBW ! zi/U\Yji/[.[Z!U`cU\b/U7ncp
x?izp\i/U7|OW1Y7Z]{Zi/]{Z b/W1Y7Zo\i/U7|
|hW~Y7ZZ_^:ZULW \ 4 `ueK`cok[,b:e1e{`us7ncZH
"
"
4
0
<
<
<
$#
&%
('
)%
!
*'
"
!
'
<
$
:
4
6:
:
<
0
<
:
<
<
<
.
('
&%
0
<
!
0
'
<
!
<
<
<
'
<
<
!
!
<
<
!
/ / / /: i/U7|gW1YBd7e
`cW1eKe{W~i/U7|ji/]{||.Z!^`itW1`ub:U : L/ /
wW1Y7Z;oZ|7`ui/Ub/B`ue vKY7`ce&`ues,Zi/d7e1Z;W1Y7`ue&`ceW~Y7Z;b/U7ncp[b/`uULWxSY7Z!]1Z !g /:
i/U7| !g whxSY.Z]1Z !g `ueW~Y7Z/|(b/`c/Z_xS`ue1Z`cW1ej]{e{W d7i/]{W1`unuZ
w.i/e !g i/U7| !k ai/U7|kW1Y7ZW1Y7`u]{| Bdji/]CW~`cnuZ w
i/e !k t: i/U7|!g i/U7|\W~Y7Z!]1Z!b/]1ZW~Y7ZT 5b/`ue
&7
&Z_W|7Z!U7b/W1ZW1Y7ZUd.osZ!]bt
s7d.:eS[7]1Z!e1ZULW`uUOW~Y7Zj]{e{W^:Z!]1e1`cb:U\b/;ie1btWVx?i/]{Z/yT W
Yji/eSs,ZZ!U[,b:e{W1d7ni*W~Z|OW1YjitW 5 b:] .:Ea zb/]Ke1b:oZ
`cU7|OW~Y7ZU7b/]1oki/nu1` `uU.b/U7e{W~i/ULW 5`cUOW~Z]{okeKbt
W~Y.Z[7i/]~i/oZ!W1Z]
T
b:]SiZ!]{W~i/`uUe1btWVx?i/]{Z g waxSYjitW`ue?W1Y7Z[7]1b:s7i/s7`unc`cWVpkb/`cWKs,Z`cU7]1ZZ]{b:o}i/ULpOs7d.
`cU7|W~Y7ZZE.[,Z_W~Z!|UBd7os,Z]Sb/s7d7:eS`uU\ie1btWVx?i/]{Z3Y7iH^`cU7W~Y7Z[,b:e{W1d7nitW1Z|[o (
, { vKY7Z;U7b:]{ogi/nc` !`uU7yb:U7eCW@i/ULW 5
od7e{Ws,Z;e1d7@YW~Y7itW
5
kvKY7`uesji/e{`uzitnuncpi/ob:d7ULW~eW~bjU7|7`cU7W~Y7Ze1d7ob/yW~Y7Z`uUajU7`cW1Ze1Z]{`uZ!e
kvKY7b:e1Zkb/hp/b:d
xS Y7bi/UO]1Z!zi/ncn,W1Y7Znub/Li/]1`W~Y7o`uhe1Z]{`uZ!ew7e{Y7b:d7nc|sZi/s7nuZW~b`cokoZ|.`itW1Zncp]1Z!b:: U71` ZW~YjitW?e1`uU.Zb/]
' wBnub: w ncb: ite`W`ue:`c^/ZUW~YjitW
jb:]KW~Y7b/e1Zgnu`c/ZoZHhxSY7bgi/U7U7btW]{ZoZos,Z]i/ncn&B`uU7|7eb/xhZ!`u]1|\b:]1od7?n >Y7Z]{Z3`ceY.bxW~Y7Ze1Z!]1`uZ!e
zitUs,Ze1d7ookZ!|]1Zi/nunc`uU73W~Y7ZW~Z!@Y7U7` d.Z3Z!ok[7ncbHp:Z|\Zzit]1nu`cZ]?`cU&j jb:]
%
%
g % g % nub/ {
b:]e1b:oZb:U.e{W@itUB(W jb:] e{`uU7!Zs,b/W~Y
i/U7| nub: Z Bdji/n :w
vKY7Z!]1Z!b/]1Z ncb: `cok[7np`uU7 5t ncb: 1 ZU7!Z 5
{ b/ ]
w 5 Pnub: / w.i/U.|xyZi/]{ZW~bjU.| w.W~Y7Zi/U7e{xyZ]KW1bxSY7`u@YO`ce
H
#
,<
,<
,<
%<
!
!
,
,
7
!
!
,
3
)$
,$
!
=
"
"
2 5
<
2+ 5
3
3
3)
*3
3
&7
vKY.Z3e{Y7b:[a bab/]bt;iit!W~b/]{pOYjiteU7bb/UBW1]1b:nbH^:Z!]YBd7o`u|.`cWVp:vKY7Z3U7Z!xSnp`uU7eCW@i/ncnuZ|
f f}oki/@Y7`uU.ZY7bHxyZ!^:Z!]]1Z Bd7`c]1Z!eOiFYBd7ok`c|7`cWVpre{Z!W1W1`uU7Z`cW1Y7Z]gitWOncbxwKoZ|.`ud7o b:]gY.`u:YvKY7Z
ok i/@Y7`uU.Z`ceW~Y7Z!]1Z!b/]1Zki/nuncbxyZ|W~b\d7e{Zk`W~e|7Z!itd7ncW[7]{b::]~ito b/?eCW@i/]CW~`cU7\itWb:U7Zb/hW1Y7ZkYBd7o`u|.`cWVp
e1Z_W1W1`uU7:e?itW?]1i/U7|7b:o\wai/U7|gW1Y7Z]{ZzitW1Z]?@YjitU7:`uU.W~Y7Ze1Z!W{W~`cU7Z!^/Z]Cpo`uUBd.W~Ztw.itLi/`uUgitW?]1i/U7|7b/o;&Z_W
|.ZU7b/W1ZW1Y7ZUBd7os,Z]kb/o`uUBd.W1ZeW~Y7Zogi/@Y.`uU7Z\]1d7U.eg`uUW~Y.ZoZ|7`cd7o e1Z_W1W~`cU7`cUXW1Y7Z\7]1e{W
o `uUBq;d.nuW~btZ!WKeKW~b/Y7Z`cW~[eKob/[ (Z!;]~itb/W1`ub:U U.e{xyZ]SW~Y7Zb:ncnubHxS`uU7.
/Z_W~@YW1Y7Z/|(b/
`cU7|W~Y7ZoZzi/Uwje{W@itU7|ji/]{||7Z_^`itW1`ub:UwaokZ!|7`itUitU7|T bt
, { Z!U7b/W1Zh&bHxwLZ!|7`ud.oi/U7|`u:YsLp3;w*i/U7|]1Ze{[Z!!W1`c^:Z!ncp/PvKY7ZU3W~Y7Z[b/e1e1`cs7nuZ
b/U.j:d7]1itW~`cb:U7eSb:]KW~Y7Zj]1eCWW1Y7]1Z!Zo`uUBd.W1Zei/U7|Y.ZU7!ZW~Y7Z^ti/nud.Z3b/ i/Us,Z3j/d7]1Z!|b:d.WxS`cW1Y
W~Y.ZY.Znu[b/W~Y.Zb/nunubHxS`cU7W~]{ZZ|7`c:]~i/o\
`c]1e{W
Z!b:U7|
vKY7`c]1|
W@i/tZe
`cUdaW~Z
`cUdaW~Z
`cUdaW~Z
i/ncd7Z
W~i/]{W
)$
,$ 1
$
"
"
*
<%
<%
<
<
*
p.m.f.
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
P.m.f. of X of Example 8
`
` 7w xSY7`u@Y\`ueK[7ncb/W1W1Z|s,ZnubHx
`
`
{ vKY.Z3t | (b/`ceK:`c^/ZU\sLp !g
0.0
0.5
2 5
1.0
x
1.5
2.0
c.d.f.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
C.d.f. of X of Example 8
(
(
2+ 5
<
<
,
<
1
x
<
'
"
<
$
)"
"
$
4
4
$
'
2+
<
>*
0
4
>*
0
)"
65
$
$
c.d.f.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
&7
d.[7[b/e1ZkxyZkxhi/ULWW1boba|.ZnPW~Y.Zg] ^, |7ZU.b/W~`cU7W1Y7ZkUBd7osZ!]b/hY7b:d7]{einc`u:YLW
s7d7ncsOxS`ununni/eCWz;TVU\b:]1|.Z]KW~b|7be1bxyZ3oki//ZW1Y7Zb:nuncbxS`cU7WVxybk[,b:eCW~d7nuitW~Z!e
vKY7Z[7]{b:sji/s.`unu`WVpW~Y7itWW1Y7Znc`u:YLWs7d7ncsxS`uncn&i/`un&`cUi/ULpe1oki/nunW1`uoZ3`cUBW1Z]C^/itnh |7baZ!eU7btW
|7Z![Z!U7|b:U hi/U7|OZ Bdjitnue . ,b:]?e1b/okZ m w.i/nuncZ|W1Y7Zi/`cnud7]{Z]~i*W~Z/w.i/U7| a y`ceKi
d7U.!W~`cb:Ue1d7@Y\W~Yji*WSnu`uo
T itU7|"! $ # i/]1Z|7`ce {b:`cUBWW1`uoZ`uULW1Z]{^ti/nceW~Y7Z!UW1Y7ZkZ_^:Z!UBW1eb/yW~Y7Znu`c:YLWs7d7ncsit`unu`cU7`cU
Ze{YjW1i/Y7nun7Ze{7ZU7WV|kxyW1bkY7Z`cUL|.W~Z`ue{]CW1^t]1i/`cs7nueSd.i/W~`c]{b:ZU`uU7b/|. Z [,ZsBU7p|77Z!UL:d7Wz ]1`cU7b:d.W jxSY7`u@Yk`uee~i/oZi/e !g {_wLxSY7Z]{Z
!k `ceW1Y7Zkt |(Ob/
`i gvKY7ZUW1Y7ZgZ_^:Z!UBW
ye1izpae3W~YjitWW1Y7Zgnc`u:YLWs7d7ncsYjite
U7b/WS i/`cnuZ!|W~`uncn,W1`uo%Z E `c^`u|7ZW~Y7ZW~ `cok Z`cULW~Z]C^ti/n . `uU Z Bdjitni/U7|\|7`ue {b:`uULWK[jit]{W~eSb/
nuZ!U7/W~Y
i/e . " Pe1d7@YW~Yji*W& ' i/U7|b:] :E zz
w
( wi/eS`uUW1 Y7Zb:nu ncbxS`cU7|7`ui/:]1i/o
0.5
0.0
0.5
x
1.0
1.5
$
%
4
$
`uULbHW1Zx]{^tW~i/Y.ncZeZ!" ^/ZULW &b: ]K `uee~i/ozZi/ eW~wjY7i/ZU7Z!|^:Z!W~ULY.W`ueKW~oYjitd7WeCWW~Y7sZZnuW1`u]1/d7YBZWs7b:d.] nus YjiteU7;b/WvKY7i/Z`u]{ncZ!Z|\b:]{`uUZ/w i/ULpb/;W~Y.Z
/Ea
m
nu `co W~Y7Znc`u:YLWKs7d.nusYji/eSU7b/WKit`unuZ!|O`uUOW~Y.ZW1`uoZ`uULW1Z]{^ti/n;"
i/e " k
nu `co W~Y7Znu`c:YLWKs7d7ncsYji/eSU7b/WKi/`cnuZ!|O`uUOW~Y7ZW1`uoZ`uULW~Z!]{^ti/n
sLpW1Y7Z`uU7|.Z[,ZU7|7Z!U7Z3i/e{e1d7o[.W~`cb:Ub/P[,b:eCW~d7nuitW~Z
e{`uU7!Z i/U7|\sLp[b/e{W~d.nitW1ZCwa[7]1b:s7i/s7`unc`cWVpkb/
nu `co
i/`cnu`uU.`uU " &`ce . i/U7|OW~Y.Z]1Z_b:]1ZW~Y.Z[.]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVpb/U7b/WSi/`unc`uU73`ue
3 a W1Y7Z e1`u/U\bt a ?sZ!`uU7`c]1]1Z!nuZ_^/itUBW@
nu `co
nu `co Z_a[
ncb:
nu `co Z_a[ % ,
i/e\nub: % "! b:] ' i/U.| b:] e1d `cZULW~npOnit]1:Zz
!
nu `co Z_a[
' i/e?b:+] a nu `co ! !! .
i/U7|b:]+ nu `uo ! nc `uo a" ! sLpO|.Z!jU7`W~`cb:Ub/a 1
Z!U7ZyW~Y7Z?t |(b/ `ue:`c^/ZUsLp !g{ ' `` btW~ZyW1YjitW!g{`uei!b:ULW~`uUBd7b/d7e
d7U7_W~`cb:Ub/ E
:3
% 4
3
'
4%
3
'
3
'
3
3
'
3
3
6/
)$
/
-
*
) -0
"
+ -
yW~Y7ZW1b/W@i/ni/]1Zid.U7|7Z] P ?`ue
T WW~d.]1U7eb:d.WW1YjitW[| (U7ZZ!| U.b/WZ_a`ueCWb:]i/Ui/]{s7`cW1]~i/]Cpb/UBW1`uUBd7b:d.e]!^,T WZ_a`ueCW~eb:U7npb/]
W~Y.b:e1Zb/UBW1`uUBd7b:d.e]1i/U7|7b/o^ti/]1`ui/s7nuZ!ehxSY7b:e{Z/|( !k ?Yji/eSi|7Z!]1`c^titW1`c^/Z i/ncokb:eCWKZ!^/Z]CpxSY.Z]1Z!7
d7@Y]1i/U7|7b:o^ti/]1`ui/s7ncZei/]1Z?i/nuncZ|]!^,xS`cW~Yi|7ZU7e{`cWVpi/U7|`cW1e
[| (P`ue:`c^/ZUsLp
!k _
Z!]1ZxhZke1Yji/ncn|7Zzi/nxS`cW1Yb:U.ncpW1Y7b:e1Zkb:ULW1`uUBd7b:d7e3]~i/U.|7b:o^ti/]1`ui/s7nuZ!exSY7`u@YFY7iH^/Zi\|7ZU7e{`cWVpX
xS`cW1Yi|7` Z]{ZULW~`ui/s7ncZ/| (cvKYBd7enuZ_Wd7ei/e{e1d7oZW1YjitWW1Y7Z/| ( !k `ceU7b/Wb:U7ncp\!b:ULW~`uUBd7b/d7e
s7d.Wi/nce1bYjitei|7Z!]1`c^titW1`c^/Zi/nuob:e{W?Z!^:Z!]{pBxSY7Z!]1Z/ bHx
P !k nc`u o !g , !g nu`u o
`uePd7e{Z|W~b|7Z! U7b/W~ZKW1Y7ZS`uULW~Z!]{^ti/n& h jb:] wLitU7| h 7b/]
l d7itW~`cb:U
K/`c^:Z!eW1Y7Z[7]1`cogi/]Cp!b:U7U7Z!!W~`cb:Us,Z!WVxyZZ!U[|(hi/U7|[7]1b:s7i/s7`unc`cWVp/w.]1b:oxSY7`u@Y`cWogizpitnue1bs,Z
e1Z! ZUxSYLp`cW`uezi/ncnuZ|i |.ZU7e{`cWVp7!b:]1|7`cU7gW1b _wb:]e{ogitnun w / P
i/U7|W~YBd7e P /`c^:Z!eW1Y7Z[7]1b/sji/s7`cnu`cWVp\W~Y7itW W~i//Z!eiO^ti/nud7Z`cUi\e{ogi/ncnP`uULW1Z]{^ti/nPi/]1b:d.U7| F[Z!]
d7U7`WKnuZ!U7/W1YOb/W~Y7Z`cUBW1Z]C^/itnPvKYBd7eS`cW?`ue?:`^`uU7[.]1b:sjits7`unc`cWVpoki/e1eK[,Z]Kd7U.`cWKncZU7/W1Yi/U7|Y7Z!U7ZW~Y.Z
Uji/oZ |7Z!U7e1`WVp7
U.b/bHW x{d7nue{Z_WWd7`cUeZEi7ite1okoki/`cU7nunZ`uY7ULbHW~xZ!]{^t[7i/]1nb/sjit]1i/b:s7d7`cnuU.`cWV|piFbt;: `^:Z!W@Ui/B[,`uU.b:`cgUBW ^ti/nud7gZ!oke`uizUpi/s,UZ`uULb:W~s.Z!W~]{i/^t`ui/U7nZ!|b/d7i/e1]1`cs.U7`cW~]1i/W~Y7]{p\Znc[ZU7 |/ W1(Y
?!b:d7]1e{Zb/][.]~i/_W~`ui/ni/[7[.nu`uitW~`cb:U7eb/U7Zxhb:d.nu| WVp[7`czi/ncncpd7e1ZW~Y7Zt | (kb/]e{d7@YF[7]{b:sji/s.`unu`WVp
zitnud.nitW1`ub:U7e!ws7daWW~Y7Z!UW1YjitW]~it`ue1Z!eW~Y7Z`ce1e{d7Zb/Y7bHxzitUb/U7Zj:d7]{Zb:d.WW~Y.Z/|(`cb:U7npW~Y.Z
[| (`ce:`c^/ZUyb/W~Yb/W~Y7Z!e1Z`ue{e1d7Z!e H H[7]1b:s7i/s7`unc`cWVp\zitnud.nitW1`ub:Ud.e1`uU.[| (itU7| ZEa[7]1Z!e1e1`cU7
W~Y.Zt | (;`uUW~Z!]1oeybtW~Y7Z[| (i/]1ZZe{e1ZULW1`i/ncncpb:U7Zi/U7|W~Y7Ze~itokZt `uU.Z
P`ueW~Y7Z|7Z!]1`c^titW1`c^/Z
b/ !k _w.sBpgW~Y7Ze{Zb/U7|\d.U7|ji/oZULW@itnW~Y7Z!b:]1Z!ob/`uULW1Z:]1i/ni/nu!d7nud7e!w !k hokizpgs,ZZ_a[7]{Ze1e{Z|ite
`uULW1Z:]1i/n
b/ P b:] !g P" { itU7|W~YBd7e
okiHpsZb/d7U7|i/e
P w
i/U7|W~YBd7ei/U.e{xyZ]1`cU7s,b/W~YW~Y7Z d.Ze{W1`ub:U.ebHxhZ_^:Z]Y.Z]1Z3xhZe{Yji/ncnW1]{pW~bi/]1:d.ZW1Y7Ze{Zb:d.W]1b:o
e1!]~itW1@YxS`cW1Y7b:d.W|7Z[,ZU.|7`uU7gb:U]1Z!e1d7nW~e]1b:o}i/nu!d7nud7eSxSY7`c@Yp:b:do`u/YBWYjiz^/Z|7b:U7Z3e1b:oZ3p/Zzi/]{e
i/:b.
&Z!W P sZi3[ | (i/e`uUg
`u:d.]1Z s,Zncbx i/U7|gxyZi/]{Z`cULW~Z]{ZeCW~Z|O`cUk!b:o[7d.W~`cU7 g
d7e{`uU7W~Y.`ueK[| (c
,$
/
/
.
2
+
0.15
0.00
f(x)
0.05
0.10
f(xi)h
x0=a
xi1 xi
b=xn
e{d7@YW~Y7itW
i/U7|\b:]S
zz
w
i/e`cU`u:d7]{Z i/s,bH^:Zt
jb:] O e1d k!`uZ! UBW1ncpnui/]1:Ztw:b:];Z d.`c^ti/nuZ!ULW~ncp3b:] ke{d:Ea `uZ!ULW~ ncpe1oki/nun w:sLp\ Ew jogizp
s,Zi/[7[7]{bz.`cogi*W~Z| sLp P w.i/ehYjite?sZ!ZUO`cU7|7`uitW~Z!|gxS`cW1YgW~Y.Ze1Yjit|7Z|O]{Z:`cb:U`uU
`u:d.]1Z PvKYBd7e
i/Uit[7[7]1bza`uokitW1Z^ti/ncd7Z3bt PokiHps,Z3b/d7U7|sLpi/|7|7`cU7kW1Y7Ze{Zb:] :E zz Fite
?bHxyZ!^/Z]W1Y7`ueS`uei/Ui/[7[7]{bz.`cogi*W~`ub/UOsZ!zi/d7e{Zb/W~Y7Z|7`ce1]{Z!W1` zi*W~`ub/Uwji/U7|\W~Y7ZZ_.i/_W
a
$
4
$
$
$
/
-
+ -
-
#/
73
$
+-
4
$
$
*/
03
*/
*/
4
4
4 '
:H
vKY7Z!]1Z!b/]13Z 5od7eCWZ Bdji/n ;vKY.Z3:]1i/[7Yb/ P ?`ceK[7nub/W{W~Z!|\s,ZncbHx
/
$
$
$
$
0
/
)$
,$
+
($
"
$
0
4
!
!
0.0
0.5
f(x)
1.0
1.5
P.d.f. of Example 10
0.5
1.0
1.5
x
2.0
2.5
5
4 H / '
b
a
#
4
4 /
b
:
/
1 b|7Zb/ib:ULW1`uUBd7b:d7ek] ^, `ueW~Yji*Wk^ti/ncd7Z\i/]1b:d.U7|XxSY7`c@Ym`cUBW1Z]C^/itnueb/e1i/okZncZU7/W1YmYjite
oki*a`uod7o[7]{b:sji/s7`cnu`WVpk!b:o[ji/]1Z!|OW~bW~Y7Zb/W1Y7Z]?^ti/ncd7Ze!;vKY7`ueS`ceKb:sL^a`cb:d7e{ncpgW1YjitWS[,b:`uULW?xSY.Z]1ZW~Y.Z
|7Z!U7e1`WVp`ceoki*a`uod7o b:]SW~Y7Z3ogi.`cogib/
W~Y7Z[|( b/W1Z3W1YjitWogi*a`cogib/
K`uee~i/oZiteW~Y.Z
oki*a`uokib/nub: P _w7xSY7`c@Y`ce?b:d7U7|\i/eKb:ncnubHxSe
2 5
4
!
!
2+ 5
!
2 65
#/
/
ncb: P
ncb: & nub:
/
54
i/U7|W~YBd7e
ncb: P
bHxU7b/W~ZW1YjitW
nub: P itW
vKY7Z!]1Z!b/]1Z `ce?W~Y7Zok i*a`uokib/nub: P Ki/U7|OW~YBd7eSW~Y7Zoba|7i/nncZU7/W1Y`ue `uU7@Y7Z!e
{ ULp Bdji/ULW~`cnuZb/ok[7daW@itW1`ub:UO]{Z Bd7`u]{ZeKW~Y.Zt |( !k yxSY7`c@Yb:] `ueK/`c^:Z!UsLp
!k H { 4 H
:
/
#/
#/
54
$
$
,
0.0
0.2
F(x)
0.4 0.6
0.8
1.0
C.d.f. of Example 10
&Uab:]{W1d7UjitW1ZncpOW1Y7Ze{b:nudaW~`ub/U\btPW~Y7Z3Z BdjitW1`ub:U!g
itW1Z]i/[7[.ncp`uU7W1Y7ZOoZ!W~Y.ba|b/~
_p`cZnu|.e
a /
|7Z!`uoki/n[.ni/!Ze
H ]{b:oW~Y.Z:]1i/[7YgbtW~Y7Z[|(w.`W`uei/`u]{ncp!nuZzit]W1YjitWy`cW`uee1nc`u:YLW~npU7Z!LitW~`^:Z!ncpe1tZ!xyZ|w7xSY.`u@Y
`ueitnue1be{d7[7[,b:]{W1Z|sLpW1Y7ZjU7|7`cU7:e`uU 7w i/U7|i/s,bH^:Z/wW~Y7itWe1Y7bHxSeW~YjitWoZzitU okZ!|7`i/U
oba|7Z?xSY.`u@Yg`ceiWVp[7`czi/nj@Y7i/]~i/_W~Z!]1`ueCW~`cbtU7Z!LitW~`^:Z!ncpe{/Z!xyZ|O|.`ue{W1]1`cs7d.W~`cb:U7e!vKYBd7eyZ!^:Z!UkxS`W~Y7b:daW
W~Y.ZY7b:]{]1ZU.|7b:d7e?!b:o[7d.W@i*W~`ub/Ugb/# &'& `cWyogizpsZi/`u]{ncp!b:U.j|7Z!ULW~ncpge{W~itW~Z!|W~YjitWyW~Y7Ze1`c:U
b/ w.W~Y.Z!baZ `uZ!ULWbtPe1tZ!xSU7Z!e1e!wxyb:d7nu|s,ZU7ZLi*W~`c^/Z/
&7
Fj fhb:o[ji/ULpi/e{e1Z!os7nuZ!eitU7|e{Zncnueqf exS`cW~Y.b:d.Wi/ULpOxhi/]1]1i/ULWVpOb:] e! : w :/ i*W
i3[.]1b/7Wyb/ Se w :: Phd.Wh]{b:oW~Y.Zoki/]1tZ!Wy[7]1Z!e1e1d.]1Zb/b:o[Z_W~`W~b:]{ew `ceyU7bHx b:]{Z!|gW~b3e1Zncn,i/U
b:[.W1`ub:U7i/n p:Zzit]Px?i/]{]~i/ULWVp/we1izpwtb/]W~Y.Z`u]Pqyf e;vKY.Z?[7]1b/sji/s7`cnu`cWVpW1YjitWi!d7e{W1b:oZ]
xS`cnuns7d.pw
e~izp wB`ue;d.U7BU7bHxSUkW~b :]{b:oW1Y7ZS[ji/eCWye{Z]C^a`cZi/U7|]1Z![ji/`u];]{Z!b:]1|7eY7bHxyZ!^/Z]w Ze{W1`uokitW~Z!ePW~Yji*W
W~Y.Z3@YjitU7Z3b/;ie{pe{W1Zo}i/`uncd7]1ZxS`W~Y7`cUip:Zi/]btP[7d7]{@Yji/e{Z`ue . w,i/U.|\W1Y7Z!b:e{Wb/Pe{d7s7e{Z Bd7ZULW
]1Z![ji/`c]1eKYji/eSi!b:ULW~`uUBd7b/d7eKe{pookZ_W~]1`c|7`ce{W~]{`us7daW~`ub/UgxS`cW1Y\oZzitU e! //: i/U7|e{W~i/U7|ji/]{||7Z!^`i*W~`ub/U
Se /: T Wi/nue{be1Z!Zoe;]1Zi/e1b:U7i/s7nuZyW~bi/e{e1d7oZhW~Y7itWPW~Y.ZKZ!^:Z!ULWb/ie{pe{W1Zo i/`cnud7]{ZhitU7|W~Y7ZSitokb:d.UBW
e1[,ZULWb/U]1Z![ji/`c]1e3W1Y7Z]{ZzitW1Z]!wP`ue`uU7|.Z[,ZU7|7Z!ULWb/Si!d7e{W1b:oZ]s.d.p`uU7\ ,ZZ![7`uU.W~Y7Zk[7]1`cZb/
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
$
,
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
,
2 5
"
"
$
"
"
!
& a
.
a:: . .
vKY7Zoki*a`uod7o^ti/nud.Z zi/UW~i//Z`ue witU7|W~YBd7eU7bokitW1W1Z]SxSYjitW~Z_^:Z!]sZW~Y7Z^/itnud7Zb/
wBW~Y.Zni/eCWh`cU7Z Bdjitnu`cWVpxS`cnun,i/nx?izpe?s,Ze~i*W~`ueCjZ|itehnub/U7i/e . oki/B`uU.3W~Y.Z]~i*W~`ub
vKY.Z?xhb:]{e{W;[,b:e{e1`us.nuZhe{Z!Uji/]1`cb`uexSY7Z]{ZKZ!^/Z]{ps,ba|aps7d.pePW1Y7Zyxhi/]1]1i/ULWVp:wB`uUxSY7`u@Yi/e1Z
TVUkW1Y7`uee{`cW~d7itW~`cb:Ui/eYji/e#{d7e{Wys,ZZUke1Y7bHxSU`cU itsbH^:ZtwW1Y7ZS[7]1bt7W{ :bLi/n.xS`cnun7s,Z]1Zzitnu`!Z|i/enub:U.3ite
zw7xSY7Z]{Z `ce?W~Y7Z *W~Y Bdji/ULW~`cnuZb/ vKYBd7eW1Y7Zok`cU7`uod7o
i/ob:d7 ULWW1YjitW U7.ZZ! |7eW~bgsZ3@Yji/]1/Z|i/eW1Y7Z[.]1`u!Zb/;W1 Y7Z3xhi/]{]~i/ULWVpe{Y7b:d7nc|Z Bdjitn vKY7Zb/U7ncp
`uUab:]1okitW~`cb:UgxyZ3Y7iH^/Zi/s,b:d.W `ueKW~Yji*W`WSYji/ei!b:ULW~`cUd.b:d7ee{pokoZ!W1]1`c|7`ueCW~]1`cs7d.W1`ub:UxS`W~Y\okZi/U
Se /:: i/U7| e{W~i/U7|jit]1||7Z_^`itW1`ub:U e! // wKsji/e{Z| b:UmxSY.`u@YxyZi/]1Z\W~bj:d7]{Zb:d.W zvKY7Z
b:U7npOx?izp\xhZ3zi/UitWncZzi/eCW7U7|iks,b:d7U.|b:U zw,sji/e1Z!|b:UW1Y7ZitsbH^:Z3`uU.b/]1okitW~`cb:Uw7`ceW1Y7]1b:d.:Y
"
)$
"
,$
"
"
7
"
"
"
;
.
!
!
>
2 5
;
)
;
$
2+ 5
$
$
$
"
"
,
,
$
i/U7|fhY.ZsLpe1Y7Z_^ e`cU7Z Bdjitnu`cWVp\e1iHpeW1YjitW ' 5
'O<
5
vKY7 Z!]1Z!b/]1ZsL p Z d7itW~`cU7 Oi/U7|e{b:nc^`cU7gb:]D5xhZ/Z!WW1YjitW 5 / b a: itU7|W~Y7 Z!UsB p
fhY7Z!sBpe{Y7Z!^ e`uU.Z Bdji/nc`cWVpk`cWhb/nunubHxSehW1YjitW /:: b a/ /: //: b a: t:
b/ W 1YjitW :djit/]~ i/UL W~/Z! ZeW~Y7 Z [7]1bti/7U.W|:W1bLYi/d.nje`c]1sL]1pZ!e1eC[,paZo_W~o`c^/Z!ZW~]Cbtp W~ Y.Z^ti/ncd7ZS/b/ t
itvKU7|kYBd7W1eY7ZW~Y7ZEZS.i/o!`uWyU7|7`co`ueCd7W~]{o`us7d.^ti/W1`unub:d7U Z
b/ `ce e! t / wji/eKncb:U7i/:e # t:: i/U7| /:
1 Se / / i/eyW1Y7Z[7]{`u!Zb/&i/Ub:U7ZE p/Zzi/]x?i/]{]~i/ULWVpkb:Ui e! : w :/ Z Bd7`c[7oZULWh`ceh[7]{Z[,b:e{W1Z](
b:d7e!wZ!]1b|7`uU.gi/ULp\b/ok[,Z!W1`cW~`^:ZZ|.:Z3W1YjitW o`u:YLWsZZUL^`ue1i/:`cU7kW1bg]{ZzitW1ZsLp\`uULW~]{ba|.d7`cU7
vKY7ZS]1Zi/e1b/Ub:];/Z!W1W1`uU7e{d7@Yits7e1d7]{|7ncpY7`u:Yo`uU7`cod7o5^ti/nud.Z?b/ `uePWVxybt b:nc|
TVU.e{W~Zi/|b/Y7iH^`cU7
{d7eCW?W~Y7ZoZzitUOi/U7|^ti/]{`i/U7!Zb/ 5`c&xyZYji/|i]{Zzi/e{b:Uji/s.nuZoba|.Znb:]yW1Y7Z|7`ueCW~]{`us7d.W1`ub:Ukb/ W~Yji*W
xyb:d7nu|Yjiz^:Zk:`c^/ZU i\od7@Y e{Yji/]{[Z!]3Z!e{W~`cogi*W~Zb/ zvKYBd7eeCW~]~i*W~Z/`uzitnuncp`cWxS`cnunPs,ZsZ!U7Z!j!`i/n
W~b\Yjiz^:Zgi[7]{b:sji/s.`unu`WVpob|7Zn;b/ i/U7| U7b/W {d7e{W3`cW1eWVxhbokb:oZULW1eg|7|7`W~`ub/Uji/nunp:wW1Y7Zke{Z!b:U7|
xhiHpbt
]{Z|7d7!`uU7W~Y.Z^ti/ncd7Z 5xhb/d7nu|s,ZW1bktZZ![W~]1i/@b/W~Y7ZUBd7os,Z]Sb/d.e{W~b/okZ!]1es7d.p`uU7W~Y.Z
xhi/]1]1i/ULWVp:w&e1bW1YjitWb:U7ZYjitei]1Zi/e1b:U7i/s7nuZ3ZeCW~`uokitW1Zb/ vKY7`ce`uesZ!zi/d7e{Z]1Z!zi/ncnW1YjitW`cU 7wxyZ
i/]{Z|7Zi/nu`cU7xS`cW1YW1Y7Zxyb:]1eCW{ zi/e{Ze1!ZUjit]1`ubb/ \
vKYd.ehW~Y7Ze{W1]~itW1Z/pxyb:d7nc|gs,Zi:;ob|7ZnjW~Y.Z
|7`ce{W~]{`us7daW~`ub/Ubt i/U7| e1`cod7ncW~i/U7Z!b:d7e1nps/Z!Z[!b:nuncZ!W1`uU7|ji*W@ib/U UBd7os,Z]3b/hxhi/]{]~i/ULWVpe1b:nc|
b:]KZ!e{W~`cogi*W~`ub/Ub/
&7
F vKY7Z/| eKb/i/U7UBdjitn[7]1bt7W~e?btoki/]{/Z!W?]1Z/`ub:U7e i/U7| |.ZU7b/W1Z|sLpgi/U.| B
]1Z!e1[,Z_W~`c^/Znp\i/]1Zi/eKb:ncnubHxS e
?9
$
! ! !
?9
$
$
,
;?9
<
,
,
64
<
,
!! !
$
"
2 65
"
!! !
!! !
"
$
,
c.d.f
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
X
Y
4
5
6
Profit in Crores of Rs.
"
!#"%$&('*),+.-#)0/$1!'%2"34!50"6708):9#;<+=;;:>*9?4@A)0BDC/5DE$&('*),+F)GBH-#/209
!'A6I5-KJL0)M9!)0"A-BN6OP*)90QR)0"-S$E7)09I"T!#9I#6U!#-:5"G6V)9,)WQ$&'*),+?!M$&9IXF$1!'S!'A
2"34!"ZY\[2J%]7^NJ_#;`a8!'b3c"6Ud)0"Te+c/5H3#fhgjik0V)lC*)09U!53c/5D569)0"-0Bm$1'A5/53#n+c9"op)
q @W#--A56I!)0"3c QR!'A#".!'A7!BKd)X0#"b3#n+c9r!'A56r-A56I!)0"3c56s!'9#;<+R;Y\[ti]1^ vu iDQR$1'A53d'
561)e2"34!"S0
iM;E`aw!')0""P*)/v9!)x 9Ic!A9":yz0)0"S5"T+c6I!BD#"TV3#BDC="-c-.)0"A"H)0/5/fg(6
9!)"-B|{W&"A3#V)066IBc-F)K+0)/519cB()5"6 q @W#-b)E'*)
29
}Sg,)96#QH!'c"(!'As+)0/10v) q @W#5"T+0#6IBc"T)0BD"TV~|) #91}g,)96r68!'?9#;<+=;EY\[ty?]^~[UEy?]hWQ*$1'3d'l6V)oT)05"S)e2"34!"
0 y;
> 96IV/54rA6r3#0"6-#9s!'-56I3#94!3,)06I(#r/54VJ{R)(-63#9Ic79#;<+=;s$1f!':C;BG;<;
AK[ R]4Q)"6ACCR06($Eb)09I"T!#9I#6U!#-Z5"j)S2"34!50"j^Y[ J%]0J;Ss0!M!')76I5"3cF63c"Td)0{A/50Q
eQv!'M6)0BCA/5e6C)03#D0&'M9#;<+=;(N56x)0/6S"c3##6I6!)09I5/fg6;D8'P6$E/-Z)0/6S{=)F-63c9c
9#;<+=;;sn$|*[A]4Q!'GC;B:;<;0?m56M#)06/g q o09c-A)06D2/5/$16c;> @)p)0"-209
q "-A5"ob*[2]7^~m^HE/5HXp)'b6IcMk^mn Y\[2R]e^N=PQ)0"-!'c"{T+H56I/g
*E[A]^F,,[2R]4;
rvZ 2=RwH &"6-#9'e9#;<+=;J -c"0!"ob!'Ae6B')03c#6K5"p)F9I/5/w0
h$E-56U!5"Ao56I'*)0{/D)59x-5;p>9IB> 5o09bWQ-cC534!5"Ao.67C;B:;<;fQ{Rc3,)06IF016IgHBDB4!9UgQ
56K3c/5#)09r!')?\^(Jl
^W;sn$/54K6?3#0BCW!e6r+)095)0"3c0;M{T+H56I/gl"e6'A/5-p6I
[Un])0"-j'b/5)n$1"3#0"63c56e6Ud)56U!53c)0"p!l-6Q{AAM)067)0")0/#9I"*)!f+/5c6M)I!cBCA
! q o9I7!'A56sAr29IB!'A- q "5"G0+)095)0"3cof+c".{Tg:'29IB/5)D_ ^bf[2J\8]_!;
8'P6M5"j09-c9!3#0BCW!b_ 29IB63#9)!3d'\Q$EF"#c- q o9IbAe'b-6I95{AA!"j01!'A
9#;<+=;.^[ Jm]U_)0"-'#"j!)0X0674@WC=#34d)5";lW"3#DJ d)X0#6+0)/5c675"WdA#,,4,HPQ
!'AGC=6I65{A/5F+)0/5c6!'*)(3#)0"!)0X0G)09I:WQrQQEAQrnp)0"A-H;VB0"o!'c6:+)0/#6e0"/g
~^N8^k~ J ^1^ ;>*9xc+c9IgZ0!'c97+)0/5A0sQ J 3,)"Zd)0X(h$ECR6I6{/5D+0)/5c6
)0"-G!'P6s!'c6C9I{*)0{A5/5f!#6 "c#-l({=)0-A-#-:5"l09-c9s q "-l~(<|^P;8'P6V29V"6I!)0"3c
~N^#
^~nJ ^WVjnJ ^Wn^~J ^*~ J ^
^ Qw~^|0
^~(nJ ^
H7nJ ^Wn7^~( J ^ ~ J ^^ _ 4!3;)0"-3c"T!5"P"oj"!'6(B)0""c9(!'A
C;B:;<;K06V2A"-p)06 * [2] _ n 0 QR$1'3d'gW#/-6r_ ^z^b<x^
M xk _ M n M ^R ;
~J
Y [A]wY[]E685"3c9#)06"o
~JY [A]wY[]E68-#3c9#)06"o
%[2Y [2]I] Y\[U]&685"3c9#)06"o
1%[2Y [2]I]Y\[U]&68-#3c9#)06"o
^
8'P61!'?C;-;<;|568o0+c":{Tg
E[2]
^ w&[2]
%[2Y [2]I] fY[]&685"3c9,)65"Ao
^ f8%[2 Y [2]I]hfY[]&68-#3c9,)65"Ao
p[2 Y [A]] Y [A] wY[]E685"3c9#)06"o
^ IY [2] Y [A]
[0]
0.0
0.2
Price
0.4 0.6
0.8
1.0
Demand Curve
10
Rv= >596U1"0?'*)
w[U1.=]
^ _
^
^
`h"e9-c9 q "-!'AC;-;; [
]0j"DQT@WC9c66"o
6'*)
[=]^ 4 w[U1.=]f0' #
9U$1 56I
"6I953c"!/fgp#9-BD#3c6e9#0)0r6~"o$E)0:"-{W2d)097"
'*)#~ "L
^ 0Q[U .
/o
"~7]_S^;:Y\[tV~n]4$|Q6!!),'Ag0(;5"T8+0'#96M6Ib5BD0C8/5Y\#[U6]'*'*))0e6Y\)/5[t9~#)0]-Ag 6
{=##"of+c")6e~^kY [ "7]e^ 6I!'*) Y [ "7]M^L _ )0"-j'#9Ic29IF{Tg[0]
[
]^ _ c1 f!' c
9I$1u56I !'Axo09!)0C'S0w$1'3d':61)0682/5/$16c
^
0.5
1.0
fQ(q)
1.5
2.0
)
<
9
=
|
7
/
C
A
C
3
W
5
Z
2
@
/
|
7
9
=
)
:
G
;
@
/
Z
5
0
A
w
Z
5
0
3
)
L
I
5
A
.
S
~
(
<
9
=
[
:
G
5
C
A
>
3
Z
5
|
=
.
;
`
<
A
)
<
|
=
Z
;
<
w
W
5
]
H
>
3
.
+
~
>
A
+
y
w!H 3>+Z<)~m=9F <[5 5Z(*30/ 7 5ZV
F4S / ~ 7|+5ZFW()5I5ZA>30/@A L P5#_*3>~/W5 :)+.L)3 +
ACw!< :8+ZH}2I5ZA>:<)/13>/4~#F@/@=|=\L 2./4(,- +Z5u=|:`A{L)=|+Z- ACH 30/@->-%5ZFW:)5IL 7|7z5IA 5 ->3C->5Z'*:*~KL)+.=9:)~ ; (jAC<P+.5d=|:`A A!AC+Z<*Hp/GAC=92I~K5Z: /
=|->~#(j/@~#/4L /@L)=|P5I:)ACLK/479] A><)A /!5 ZL)/@=|-Y- AC5 30=|-0_)A>'*3CA>5Z=|=9+.;.: <`A 5I:)7|=|L#:*/A><)3>+Z/!'*/ AC/J(jA>/@+{F4A>30/@/WL 5ZF 5I< ~KAC+.<*'*/%: L*Af=|-0+IA>H 3>AC/4=9->~K-f/(,+Z=9AE=|:`w!A =|AC7973>5WAC2.5 /@Z79/!=|:)H ;+.3 =9:uAC<*AC/%<)/}2I5Z->: 5Z~KAC+ /}3>->/@5Z5Z~#F < /
AC<*/{L*=|-0A>3>/4->-!(,+Z=|:`A%5IH AC/43!3>/@F4/@=\2=9:);uAC<)/ F@5Z7|7
AC<*/}_)3>/@5 L)+
w!/4A : 2Z5IL):u/@:)<P+I5ZAC-E/O7|/MA>H <)A /O5Z~KAE+Zw!'):`=|7|A 7 +ZA 5 HsZAC/J=|~#AC<*/ /JP=92Z:[5I: ~#VW=|:S '*~KA>/@=9-:'+ZAC/@H - 3>/@AC+F4/@3>=\/@25Z=9:)F <;KA><)5I/ :)L*Lu=|-0->=\A>H =93>:)/4SuF@->/}t- ACF@<*5Z/}7|tv7FW-05ZV
=|79S:)7F4=9/3>/4F@/4=92./4L 5IA5O3C5I:)L)+.~ (j+.=|:`A +ZH AC=9~K/ `AC<)/ ( L H +IH =|-Y;.=92Z/@:G_`]1a se 0iYk l S +IAC<)/430w!=|-0/ x
L)=9+
-0wAC30/@F4-0+.-%:)F@-05Z=|L)7|7 /45Z3 -!A>L)<)/@/#()7|=9+F4FWA>/@5IL A>=|+.=|: : AC+I<)H/ AC<*H +./#797|2I+
w!5Z:^=|:*5Z;6:)L)L = 5I=9;.A>- 3C5ZL)~ =|- A 5Z:)F4/#H 30+.~ 5IA AC<)/uAC=9~K/u+IHJ3>/4F@/4=92=|:); AC<*/
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
( *) ,+ -+
!#"%$'&
5)
98
64
;:,)
7)
1.0
/.
10
7)%.
/.
<0
;2=+>0
?.
-4A@
)
C+
=O
4
Q0R+S
64
7)
74
52
-+ F+ T+
-O
VU XW
\8
,]
Y
HY Z
W
324
>
^
>*9 6ICC=6!'7+)0"6r)C=5"T 8;=8'#"p/c5"o
-c"0!!'BD5-Ha$&)ngGC=5"TV".!'A
'o'Wa$&),gb290B! rQA'?-56Ud)0"A3#
^
_ _
^
[tK r] _ [t)06 ^ ^r ]
^ _ n 0
WB/)09I/ge29 !'K+)0"G561)1C="Ps>EQ
>
^
> _ _
^
[ ] _ [)06 > ^ >
^ ]
^ _ n 0
8'P6s-56Ud)0"3cK0!'K+)0"F290BN)8!'5BD09c3##f+H5"o'?3,)0//\56)0/$&),gW6 _ n 0
)0"-K'HA6'
)0BD"Tv0P5BD0Qn5"KBD5"PA#6f$15//!)0X0'+)0"K!89#)03d'7p6v^ _ n j0
^Y\[ r]4QP6)ng0QA)6&6
9!),+c/5"o)E)x6C=##-(0xXHBG;C;'\;;8'ArB)@W5BBz+0)/51!'*)&3,)0"Dd)0X
56?)d)5"c-p) |^S)0"-%)06K$E#/5/)06x) ^nS)0"A-)K!'c6DCR"T!6Y\[ r]s^ 0WQv$1'/5!'A
BD5"BBN+)0/5756?)Id)0"#-p) ^F)$1'3d'%Y\[ r]s^H;8'P6K!'M9!)"oe0+)0/5c6!'*)x
3,)"l)06I6BDx568of+#"G{TgH n;EVn$"A0!K!')1Y[ r]&568"0s"A4ah0"K"G!61-0B()0"%W,n
)0"-G!'P61$&3,)0":"(/"oc986x!'x3d'*)0"Ao+)095)0{/5209B/5)S[]; Vn$Ec+0#9r'3;-\;;9IA
!')$&)06d)0X#"%5".-A#9f+H5"o%[t]VB)ng:{=e6c-%'A#9209 q o9I5"o(AK!'AC;-;;0E;x8'P6?/5c
E[2]E-A#"0x'?30;-;<;)0"-S/c1bW t;
E[A]
^ ~
P
^
~ _ n 0
^ ~ _ , 0
_
[t)6 *561)0"G5"A3#9#)06"o2"34!"]
^
~ _ , [0 _ ]
A
fY(y)
2
3
^
~
_ 1
_
^
~
_
1
_
^
_ 0
8'P67E[A]4Q\'MC;-;;M0&Qv6Ko+0#"%{Tg E[2]V^ _ 29K%W tQ!'Mo9)0C'p0
$1'3d':61)0682/5/$16c
3>/@+ 5Zw F < =|:+Z+.3>:*L)/O/436:)AC/4+ /@L)P-%:*ACL + A>P<):)/ L / AC<)(j/
/@FM AC/@(,L /4F45ZA ~#5dAC+.=|')+Z:`:[A6+Z+IHH% A>=|~#<)5
/ 2=9e :)=|:;G(~#L=|: TH'*}A>/@a - i{e)=9A i *w w!+.<)')=979F L <[A 3>5 /I /G')=|AC30<)/@/1- 5#2I5Z79:=9A>A>A>7|+ /
_)=\A!+ZHs=9:`AC/@;Z3C5IA>=|+.: - =97|7 *_)'*A!=9-}w+.3 Z/4L[+.'*A%5I-!H +Z7|7|+
w! Q {X
k ) a Ye *i
k "! # %$ # q
#
k &(') ->/4+F *-,.%, e _`] -0')_)- AC=9A>'*AC=9:); k -0/@/F , w/{;./M1A 0 # q {k AC5Z:2,U3uk E-0/@F4,sAC5Z:5,.%,
5I:)6L uk
7 -0/@/F , k 8V 7 ,{k
S 9:uk $ 7 ->/4;F ,{k $ 7 ,{=k <>Ei
k Q ->/4;F ,pA 5Z?: ,5@79+.;e ->/@/F ,5@ A 5Z?: ,.iX A B"B"CC ') e A><)=|-}=9-}_,/4FW5Z'*->/ =9: A>/@;.3>5IAC=9:);u_`] (P5Z3 AC-Jw /O;./MA
-0/@+F *-,DE,{k -0/@4F ,& -0/@F # ,.%, Fq l % , ->/4;F , ->/@F # ,D%,-G1%, k -0/@/F , A 5I8: , Fq ->/@/F ,sAC5Z: # ,.%,
kR->/@/F ,sAC5Z5: , Fq ->/4;F ,IH>->/@F # , qoKV JL%,{k -0/@/F ,sA 5I5: , Fq ->/@KF *M,D%,5@N ->/4/F ,.%,U =|~#()7\]=9:);
-0/@F * ,DE,{k V Q ->/4/F ,sA 5Z5: ,5@ 7|+.; e -0/@/F ,5@ AC5Z?: ,.iX 5I- -0/@/F ,.%,{k 79+.; e ->/4/F ,5@ A 5I5: ,.ii
k P O >$ @7|+ZQ; HM3V @ $ JR
V
S xUT ~#=|: '*A>/@`
4.5
5.0
5.5
84
?)
6.0
y
B
?)
C4
6.5
7.5
)
-+ -+ T+
]
7.0
4
!
"
$1'c9 b. v56'?5"-A53,)!9&2A "3c5"S0w!'?6IcV # <bl R^ f0'(#.9U$1 56I
8'"T!f!+0?5-#)({Rc'5"A-[t]s56V)(3cB{"*)!"S0!'A7oc"#9)0/6I/5W!50":":!'A-56I3#9Ic!3,)06I
)0"-.[];>*9).eQA[A]4QT'V-A#"6IhgD0v)E6E6I3d'(!')&E[A] ~(
H
29 A;
>*9EocI!"o7!'A56C9I{*)0{A5/5fhge$& q 96I1/W0XD{)03dXb))0/5/!'A6KC=66I5{/r.$1'A53d'
$E/5-'*),+0GgH5c/5-c-)%^Y\[2R]+)0/b5"RM H)0"-!'c")0-A-'#BAC IA6I)06M5"!'A
[A]^
%$
'&
(
|=5Z:*:)<)-0L A/!5I;`F@:)+Z5ZF@~K~#/ /4/}+Z- :)=|-f/AC+85I<)- =\5 ACH -+.- 7|ACA>79+.<)+( w!/ --0A>3>o=/MZA
/@(),3}7|5W=9L*].:G/@/@AC:)3f<*+Z- / A>AC/u3>;`= Z5ZAC/4<)~#-Y/#/ A>5Z<)+Z:)/}H;ZF@:)7|5Z/6/@3>/4AC+ZL)<*~17|/#/!iY'):*5Z-0/@:)=|/@:)L1L*; 7|AC/ <)<*/4~G/ 3f:)5 ~KZ/@/4/@=9L)L)- L)7|=9/ 7|: / 30+Z=\PACA :)- 5d;.ACP/4/@:)3 -5Z5IF@7 :)+.3>Lu')/4:`-0ACA>A>< /@=|'):)3 ~6; F@_[79(,++ZF e ->`5Z=9-w!A>=|H =|+.+Z-0: /3
w!L)+Z=9A>A0<AC/4L =9A>-u79=|:)=|:)/4=\- AC= =|5I: 7YA>(j<)+./ -0=95ZAC=9_j+.+:2Z/ =9:L)=AC5Z<);Z/ 3C5ZF4~ +.'):`AC/4+Z3 A>F4/ 7|+A>F<P`5Iw!A =|A>->< / ')L)-{=93>S/4F4 AC=9+.,: 5Z-u<)u5Z- &')_,()/4(j/@: +.->=|/u:)L*AC<*=|FW/#5dAC( /@LL TH w!6=\AC+Z< HL,1AC<*=9/
<
9
=
H
,
S
;.=\2./@: _`]a B e ,.i6k l S # +ZA><)/@3 w!=|->/ < 5Z:)LAC<*/G(P5W] +
+ZH}AC<*/1;`5Z~#/K=9-
!- ->=9:8, s=9:)LbAC<*/
L)=9-0AC30=|_)'AC=|+Z: +ZH A><)/ (P5W] +
+IH A><)/ ;`5Z~#/
y / _,/4;.=|: _`] / *5Z~#=|:*=|:); A><)/ ;.3C5I()<8+IHs-0=|5: ,6H +.53 , e SU < i w!<)=9F <8=9-!5Z-JH +.797|+
w!
+ 0
F+ N
7)
%.
,+ [
%.
F+ -+ T+
6+
+
6]
>
1.0
0.5
sin()
0.0
0.5
1.0
0
<w / ')~K-%=9=9;.A!<`=|A-}F4F4+.7|:)/@5Z->=93JL)AC/@<P3}5d'*A!->=|=|::*; AC<)e `/ if;.H =\+.2.3 /4: P:*L*L)+.=|~G:); 5I=|=9: AC-+Z(H , L H Ya ke)ei ,.iEk / -0=|_,:/4e;.,.=|i:G=|_-}]G:*+ZL)A!=|-+.0+.:)=|/ :`AAC+ (P5Z+.30:)A>/ =9A>5I=|+.:):)L =9:)A>; < ')+Z- H
k e S*U < i AC<)/ L)+Z~G5Z=9:1+ZH;, )5Z- k H>S*U J k O U < y J * k O < U * J#> 5Z:)L k O * U < J
-> + ACk <P5d A k e i e S*3>/4UW-0V@ACX 30=|5ZFM:)ACL/@L AC+ k /W5ZF < k +IH Q ACq{<*V./@U->Sd/ X #
e-Khi}=93>-K/4# -0+.AC:*30/ =|FMA>AC# +/@L+Z:)A>+1//W
5I#F < k +ZHEV.U AC <)U# / >U
-AG=|=9- - +.F@:)7|/@/ 5Z#AC3u+ AC+.<P:)5d/A
w!5Z:)=9A>L <1AC<)/ # e )30/@iE-0k (,/4F4AC=\2.@/ ->=|=9:`: 2Z/@3>* e -0)/@i-w! <)/4e)3>/ iEHk +.23 -0=| : eQTS**UWi V@X )# -0=|: e*iEek )i< =9-}q L)->/ =9:):) /@Le*ACi +# _,* / e=\*AC-}iE()k 30=|< :)F4q^=|(P-05I=|7: 2I 5Z7|e'))/i
=|: O S*U R 5Z:)L87|= I< /4w!=9->/ H +.53 QhqOV.UCSIX P-0=|: e *i=|-!L)/ ) :)/@L[A>+K_j/ =9A>-%(*3>=|:*F@=|()5Z7 2I5Z7|'*/ =|: O q U S R
+,Q
w :)# +IACXz/ =9- AC<PV{5IA{+Z:)H 79+.]K
3 H +.3 k e S*UWV4U X > ,Q <'* - _`]^
XYe =9.-Ki VKw+./{:);.79]/4A}H A>+Z<P3 5I A k V.U 5Z:)L79= I/4w!=|-0/#H +Z3
QhqO#VZU S`i
a e )i
O -0=|: e )i @ H < q ->=9: e *i J R
=9HsSut 1tvV
$
# !
k O #" H < q-0=|: e )#""i J @ H < @-0=|: e *i J @8R =9H q VOt S
#
#"
S #"
+ZAC<*/@30w!=9->/
k S $ % =\+IH AC<)qo/430Vw!=|t -0/ 1tvV
V
"
C(
/4
-+ F+ T+
/4
. .
4
4
. 7.
4 Y
. .
@
@
C(
&
C4
')(+*-,/.10 2435768.9;:
5& +%;.=\H 2.5Z/@3z: w->/ 5Z<P~K5W(*2.7|//J+Z(j:)+.79]=|:`ACA85Z> 7 I/@L6'*5IAf_,+.+ZH'A>Ap/@:6A><)w /Y/!->=9->A><P'P5Z5I79A>7*=|+._j:)/}-z~Kw!/@<)5Z/4->3>'*/ 3>=|+.:*:); /~6~#')/W795IA>->=|()')7930/L/@- 5'P5I->:=9:)A>;.=9A>79=|/ /@- `'P-C5I5W: ]@A>=9< A]=U<e?>UAi <C+.B :
+w.:b/[58/ ->(j=9:)/@FM;.AG79/DAC><*/@=|3u&=|2I:)5ZF479/#')/@A>-u<)/4AC]^+ 5Z_j30/8/K30~#/@7 /W5d5IAC/@->')L 30/@~#:/@:`A>AC<)-{=|-#+.:^->/4A>F4<)A>=|/G+.: ->5Zw~#/8/E->> <Pz5IAC7|7}<*+./ ')();.<^79+.3>+Z/ H}<)L)+
=
w /43>-0/@'):`F A{< 2I5Z~6x@3>xW')=|5Zx 7\AC_)=97|()/47|- /
L)e (j/4+.->F@-030->=|=|_j_*/@79] -pAC30<)/@/Y7 5dL)AC/@=|- LPACi630=|_)2I'*5Z30A>==|5Z+._*: 7|+Z/@-uH2I~K5Z7|5W')] /4-_,+Z/ H)AC<P<*5Z/@:*->L)/ 7|~6/4L ')G7\AC=|F (*H7|/s()2I5Z5Z3030A>= =|5ZF@_)'*797 /@5Z-z3u-0=|=9~6: A>')/@7\30A /@5Z-0:*A#/@AC+.+^')-0')79] -#=9=|: -u5!AC<)(j/ +.()w')5
7|]5IAC=9+.+.:*: /
)
+ 2
4
F+S
P4
64
-+
-+
^ :
!#"
()
%$
%$
&"
0/
'$
+,
%$
%$
1/
2
35476
8:9<;>=?@BA>@DCFE;>@
_
64s0 C=6I65{A/5+)0/5A#6 3,)"G!)0X0x5683c"Td)0{A/50;
V!?!'*) 6s3c"Td){/5?)0"-:"/gbw!'x64r0 CR066{/5K+)0/#61!'*)Vf!68h$E(3#0BC="c"P6
J )0"-J _ 3#)0"d)X00Q06!),ge )"-D _ 9c6C=#3c+0#/g0QT)09I8)0/56Ir3c"Td)0{A/50; &c209&o0+H5"os!'29B)0/
BB
G"
G"
SP
IH
MLNO
KJ
QP
_
rvZ 2 R &"A65-A#9
!'s4@WC=#9Bc"TE9!)"-BD/g7-56U!9{A5"ox?-56U!5"Ao56I'*)0{/8{*)0//565"T
e-56U!"o6'*)0{A/53c#/5/6#;
`h"S!'684@WCRc9Bc"P ^ ^7$1!':~[ 1]^ _ Q=)0"A-S209
,)3d' 6ACCR06$EM)093#"3c#9I"#-p$1'lh$&b+)09I)0{A/5#6c8J [ &]^|sB{=#9r
#BDCAhg.3c#/5/6#Q
)0"-DJ _ [ &]^VB{=#90\{*)0/5/6
5"D3##//;8'c"b3#/,)09I/ge!'AVC=66I5{/s+)0/#6'*)J 3,)0"Dd)0X)09I
AQM)"-%b)0"-.'C=66I5{/7+)0/5c6r!')J _ 3,)0"!)0X0M)09IeAQ0Qvb)0"-pW;sn$z$Ee6'*)/5/ XP"n$
c+0#9UgH'5"Aoe)0{=A
!' I"P
{=#')n+H9
0
[ J IJ _ ]HR$&s3,)0" q o9IV0A
!'sC90{*)0{/55c60#)03d'
0'7C=6I65{A/5(D^nDC*)096s0+)0/#6s!'*)[2J IJ _ ] 3#)0"l!)0X0;r8'c6 I"TrC9I{*)0{A5/5f!#6
)09Ix6IBDB()09I c#-F5"F'K2/5/$1"o7!)0{/520/5/5n$E#-F{TgF!'A#598@WC/)0")!"6#;
_
_
_ _
_
_ _
_
J 3#)0"d)0XG'F+0)/5Sp"/fgZ!0oc'#9e$1'J _ ^Q{=#3,)6G5"!'A56M3,)06IS,)03d'3##//8B6U
3#0"P!)05"(4@A)03c/gD"V{*)0//R#)03d'S)0"-('#9IK)09I P^$),gH60-A5"ox!'6#;1 J ^ J _ ^\3#)0"
'*)0CACRc"f&)"-p"/gl
!'ADcBCWhg3#c/5/6!'M3#c/5/0;8'#"%!'MF{*)/5/56r'*),+M!S{Re-A56I9{A!c5"F'!'c9r3c#/5/616M!'*)1"A"x0'#B)9?#BDCAhg;r6s6A3d'.M{*)0/5/63,)":{=-A56I9{A!c-S5":
3#c/5/65"S ^7$&),gH6s{AA1A8w'*)'#9Ix)09?73#)06c68$1'#9I)/5/!'?{*)/5/56Eoe5"Te"K0!'A
T
D
F$
'$
%$
G$
%$
'$
N$
$
N$
!$
%$
%$
)
#=t=f f
= p )0"A- = _ p _ Q0w[ _ ] AQ)0"
a w[2 ]^
_
8' I"PC;BG
;<;r
w[2 _ ]r0E)F9!)0"-AB+0#3c9 ^[2J IJ _ ] o+0#6' I5"TKC9I{*)0{A5/5f!#6
~J ^ J _ ^ _ = Z )0"- = _ Z _ ;18' I"TrC9I{*)0{A5/5fhg(!)0{/5c6s$E9IX0#-0A"
rvZ 2 1:)0"AB- b)0{=n+!'P6s)09I"0'5"Ao{A8' I5"T&C;BG;<;0v!'K9I#6ICRc3c!f+?9!)"-B
+c3c96[2J J _ ] W"e!'6IV@A)0BCA/5#6c;8's#"T!91-6I!9I5{W!50"*)0/ACA9C=#9UhgM0R's9!)0"-AB+c3c9
56s3#"Td)5"c-l5":6 I"TrC;BG;;8291!'3,)06I$1'c"{R!'l6V3cBC="c"T!6VJ )"-lJ )09I
-63#9Ic0;S>*9?5"6Ud)0"A3#Do+0#"' I05"T?C;B:;<;b"D3,)"j,)06I5/fg q o9I0A'D-56U!9{A5"_ 6K09
C;B:;<; 60#)03d'b0R!'c63cBDCR"A#"T!6c;8'P6H [ ]-#"A0!c6E!'AVC;BG;;\J 209 ^z0K'cg
3,)":{=?,)06I5/g q oA9#-:A829IB' I5"T1C;B:;<;w[ _ ]8)062//5n$16#
[ ]
^ ~( J ^
^ ~ nJ ^ J _ ^ _ n[)06!'Ax4+c"PeJ ^ R^ J ^ J _ ^ _ ]
^ ~
J
^ J _ ^ _ [)06 J ^ J _ ^ _ J ^
J _ ^ _ R^ :29 _
^ _ ]
_
^
w[ _ ]
)0"-l65BD
5/5)0
9/fg _ [2 _ ]^ w[ _ ]4;rW"3#x!'c6-6I95{AA!"6s)09x2"-.)06V'79I$)"3#0/5BD"6IBD6(0) I"PC;B:;<;d){/5QE!'Acg)09S$19f#")Df!6DB()09Io5")0"A-)09S!'P63,)0//5cZ =w*E c v2= 0;
L L
"
"
_ _
_ _ _
_
_ _ _
_
_ [ _ ] _ _ _ _ _
]
^ [2 ] _
_ _
WB/)09I/gx29&) q @W#-b QH29 _ _ QW!'Ar3#0"-5")0/C;BG;<;0J _ J ^ QH-#"A0!c-F{Pg
_ [ _ ]QW6&of+#"({Pgx _ [ _ ]
^w[2 _ ] u [ ]4;8'P6'r3c"-f!"*)0/C;B:;<;6 I6U!'A
9!)!5e' I5"T1C;-;<;
e!'?B)09o"*)0/=C;-;;
0w!'Ax3c"-f!"5"Ao7+)095)0{/5;
rvZ 2 R=t\wH 8'A#9)09IMS3c"-f!"*)0/C;BG;< 68 _ [2 _ ]K)0"-p/5X04$156'#9I
)09I7K _ [ _ ] 6c;&'G'B)09Io5"*)/56 _ [2 _ ]1)0"-M [2 ]1)0/9,)-AgF-c9+0#-l)0{Rn+00QR)D6U!9!)5o'TI
29U$)09I-:-A+H56I5"bgH5c/5-6
G"
ML
_ [2
_ [ _
_ ]
H
H
H
H
H
H
]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
O
0
0
0
0
O
rvZ 2R=t\wH WB/)09I/g?6U!9!)5o'T29U$)09I--A+H56I5"eof+c6
'1s _ [2 _ ] 6E)" _ [2 _ ] 6s)06#
_ [2
_ ]
_ [2 _
]
0 0
0 0
''l3c"-f!50"*)0/8-6I!9I5{W!50"6M- q "A#-)06()0{Rn+0l$&l)09:"n$5")ZCR065"j- q "
5"A-#C=#"-A#"3cl0h$EZ-A563c94!G9#;<+R; 6#;sc3,)0//!'*)Dh$Ej4+#"T6bk)0"-m$&c9:- q "A#-Z{=
5"A-#C=#"-A#"Trf~([2 ]^~([2K];Z?'*),+x)M6B/)09- q "5"S5"F3#)06x09!)0"A-B+)09I)0{/#6c;
$EF-56I3#94!9)0"-0Bk+)09I)0{/#61J )0"-.J _ )09I76!)5-lb{R cnAn cn * 09
cn c *twwPHwwHR7Q _ [2 _ ]4QA'?3#"-A!"*)0/RC;B:;<;0wJ J _ ^ _ -H#61"
-cCRc"-l"F _ ;
x!'6 I"A3c!A9(fK$&0/5-{R)0CAx!:CR"T0A'*)?$1'/5M-"o:CA9{*){5/hg 6I!)!6I53#6cQv5"W
-cCRc"-#"A3#G)0/$&),gH6B#)0"66Ud)56U!53#)0/ 6I!H3d'*)06U!3"-#C=#"A-#"3c0Q)0"-j'P6$&F6I'*)0//E-9ICj!'A
OP*)0/ gH5"o()0-A+0#9{p6Ud)56I53#)0/ 6U!H3d'*)06U!53;re6'*)0//c"3#0"T!#9?6I!)!"6V$1'A#9e"-cCRc"-#"A3#
$E/5-B#)0"C'TgW6I53#)0/V09D/o3,)0/"-cCRc"-#"A3#0;:6I'*)0//s{=G3,)09Ic2/15"!'A6:6*)5"6
-6I!"o6'F!'A?h$E({AA)6s6I'*)0//v{R?6c#"Q!'A#6xh$&D"05"A6s5"A-#C=#"-A#"3c$15//\{=A6#-:5"W
!c93d'*)"o,){/g{A B()'#B)53,)/5/gr5"-A#C=#"-c"3#$1/5/H)0/f$),gH6{=E!9I,)#-M)06 '*)06 {=#c"M- q "A#5"
b9168#OPf+0)/5#"T829IB6c;
'/5
j56M5"T!A!f+c/g%+#9Ug)0CC=,)0/5"oAQ
'S6!)0BD n n"-cCRc"-#"A3#G0Vh$E
-63#9IcrJ )0"-bJ _ QWB(),g)0/56I7{=4@WC9I#6I6#-G5"D+)096)/!c9"*)!+0V{AAcOHA+)0/5c"T&$&)ngH6cQ*B()0"Tg
)!5BD#6b$1'A53d')9pB3d',)06I5#9F3d'c3dX09:)CC/g[t)06F!'A3#)06%B(),g{= 3d'#3dXP"o 209
5"A-#C=#"-A#"3c9 )CC/gH"o ) #9G)06I6BD5"oC'TgH63,)0/K09F/5o3,)0/V5"-A#C=#"-c"3#,]4;8' q 96U
OP#6U!":6#Q*fR _ [2 _ ]8-AWc6s"A0s-#C=#"-:"S _ Q!'c"G$1'*)V-AD'#6I _ WB)0"TgF3c"-f!50"*)0/
"
"
O
B
L
ML
M
>
%
%
(
(
(
%$
#$
%$
#$
0 )"Q
b)0"- nQ\)0"A-l{ '
F)0" - K)0"- )0"A- $ 79 #6C #3 f
+ #/fg q "-~ J ^ J _ ^Q
~J ^z J _ ^#)"-p~( J ^ J _ ^)/5/#O*)0/? ;K8'A6 ' 5" C\;BG;;0V[2J J _ ]
)0"- ' $ DB()09I
o 5")0/56EC;BG;<; 6s)09 K
o f
+ c":{Tg
_
[ ]
_ [2 _ ]
>*9 B ' ){ n
+ )0{/ 56s3#/ #)09 '*) % j ^|W,0e)"-l _ j _ ^A,0PQTw[ _ ]^
^_ \_ ^ [ ]2 _ [ _ ]4;
8' c9 4 9 5" ' 56 @)BC/ KJ )0"A-GJ _ )09 5"A- #C #"- #" ;
6 )0
6 5"3#)06 0 c+ #" 6cQ&' c9 S)0/6 "- #C #"A- #"3 56 6#-{ '$),gH6#;Z8'*) 56cQ ' c9 S)09
6 *) 0"6($1
' c9 p
o + #")
5" C\;BG;; " .$ /5-" #- 3d' c3dX$1' ' #9SJ )"-J )09
5"A
- #C #"- #" )06 5"Vv*Z ;j "T+ #96 #/fg ' c9 b$ 5//E{ F6 *) 0"6$1' c9 S ) ' _ 6
5"A
- #C #"- #"3 V$ /5-D{ V)66 AB c-29 0B ' VC'TgH6 3,)0/ 9/
o 3,)0/W6 9 3 90 ' sC9 0{/ cB:Q0$1' 53d'
56
' #" 4@WC/
#-M 9 q o 95"o ' 5" C;B:;<;;8' sB 6 3 BDB 0")CC/ 3,) " 0 ' 56
/) #9
5"A
- #C #"- #" 9 )0/6 ?$1' 53d'b$ K'*),
+ ?)0/9 #)0-AgD{ # " 65"o$ ' )"Pg
gHC 56 '*) 6 a3,)0// #4@WC/ 53 9 c #9 #"3
'
5" - 56 9
{ ";V" @A)0BCA/ K6' /5-S' c/5CS3#/5)09 f g ' ?C
" ;
rvZ 2 CC 6 7$ 7'*),
+ M)({ 5)06 c-.- 3 $ ' ' 7 // n$ 5"AoDC\;BG;;s 9 ' 3 B xJ
09 // "o "
3
[2R] A;f W; A; A; A; A;f
n$6 CAC 6 ' r- 53 569 /5/ #- $ 53 ?)"-F/ J - c" ' 3 0B ' 2 'F9 /5/tQ ^W;
!)09 " #9 #6 #- " ' &- 56 9
{ " 0 ' &6 Bz^J 7J _ 6 )06 "Vv*Z; n$ c+ #9
5"rv* 2j6 5"3
' b- 53 $&)06e)06I6 B#- .{
"P{ 5)06 c-Q$ (- 5-j" '*),+ F)0"TgZCA9 {/ #B
5"G)06I6 o
" 5"Ao cO *)0/vC9 {*)0{ / c6 ' xeC 6I6 {/ 60 ' 56 @WC c9 5B #" QR)"-S- 5-G" 9 ,)0//g
'*),
+ 7o '9 Ao' '
" - 6 9 5{ "M9 0; #9 V' n$ 4
+ c9$ V'*),
+ q 9I6 - c9B 5" '
"
- 6 9 5{ " 0?[ J J _ ] Q$1' 3d' 5" A9"Z$ /5/{ A6#- q o 9 ' (- 6 9 5{ " 0
' r6 ABD; n$&)09-6 ' 6 #"A-QA6 5"3 ' $ 79 //56E)09 VC'TgW6 53#)0/5/fg 5"- cC c"- c" B(),gD{ VO
9 #)06 0"*)0{/ F)66 AB '*) J
)0"-.J _ )09 e)0/6 b6 ) 56 53#)0/5/fg 5"- #C #"- c" ;?> 9 ' #9IB 9 '
B)09
o "*)0/vC;BG;;
{ 'lJ )0"-.J _ )09 76!)B e)6EK[U];r8' 6 9s ^PdWdA!AWdW
N$
%$
%$
S$
_
_ ^PHdA!dWdWPQ
w[ _ ]x^z [2 ]2 _ [ _ ]^z[2 ] [2 _ ]4Q
gb{ { c
_
A T T T W
T 0 0 0
T 0 0 0
T 0 0 0
T 0 0 0
A T T T W
^mJ J _ ! X " #
${ % [2 _ ].P0WdAWdH _ " # &' # Dw[2J I _ ] " % #
[2 I _ ] 8g % o ( " 1
o % )
*
n n
*[A] A 0 , n n A
"
0
o
3
"4
q o
5{
7 o # 5{
{Tg q o
A
28 2* " { %\J J
o {PgK[ J (J ]
_
:
2
[
J
] J _ (J _ p :[2J _ b J _ p ]
"
5{
5
!(
>
#
#
2
,
-
$2
6
.
%
,
`
0Q
o Q
{
#o
{ g
<Q J _ ]{ ^ [ J J QJ
co
0Q
o
5o
5o
5o
5o
[
o
]4Q
[J
_
o
#o
J
J
J _ Q
o Q_
o
b[
g
]
Q
co
Q
{
{
o
Q
{
o
{
#o
{
Q
{
g
a X o # co
5o
X o
aX 0o
0Q o
o
g
]
co
% o # { cQ # ? { % # { !?
" ?{ 0Q g X o +: "
# " { % J
{ O g
J _ G ;
. $
=
{ Q : # % # " { g
# 5
o 4 " { % 6 # % fg " {
$2
{ : # # " # K{ fg
" QE
{ { o 4 : "1" { gQ
^d q ^ K " % %fg # ' "4
J
xb R^ ib R^Q
{
{ g
{
J _
fg
K !
#%$ '&
"(*)1JQR'!
' 44$-35"
L('^
^
[ ! _ ]
^ (" _
^ J J
(J
(
[
J
^
ib J
_ _
]#_[ J _ (J _ f
ibJ _
4!4'"%* 0 M M '$>!*J "%$-6?%/-35"%$(- N 0 '.@. !"%$-6LJ- @L &'$+L** M &?%3
[2J J _ ]
ib J ib J _
^
# 5 % . {
J J _ # oF{
5 " e{
" _ Q ' _ 9 # cg +: [: J j 7 #
] # "
E % = " V{ X ' , #
o g {Tg # H " Q g H
. gx{ $ F X JR!d6
LNOP K\ QRGQTIUI L V4<QWXLTK # 5o
. : # M " Q o % # #
o oQ ' # 8 5
X " Q "
{
{ # x
Q # #O g
g g $ '
[ e] " g J _ ^
!J +
s# B
{ J J _ o
# { " ,
{ # B $ # " { #
' 9 #
' { " ' 3 $ o
# ' " ' { , o g # %
` , { J J _ # S o {
.
O g @ o # #o , G o
" = . 2 { J
J _ ` # D Q
# ? ' #
o { S g { {' { Q
{ o % ) @ g #
#
#X
g E % . # ' 4 #
{ '
? #X o . " . C g
{ DO " % M"
o g . o F # 5
(
(
{ + #=
Q fg
#
q M
Y\[ _ ]^b J J _ ^ _ R^ _ [2 _ ]s# E f
4 J
J _ + ,2= sJ RJ _
# s{ .o . o 4 # 5
{ Q
"
%
# # 4 # 5
{
J J _ # - %Q # H ' o " _ J _ Q
b J J _ ^ _ _ "0 b J J _ (J _ S
# E
{ % # o o 2 ' { $ g o # < _
g
' 4 # 5{
J J _ G # $ gb{ oQ
{ % # o { g o # E = % = g n n #
# B
{ # < _ g # 4
Q # % ' 4 #
g " {
_ Q "
b J J _ Q _ p _ Q F
#o %$ J
J _
rvZ 2 R=t\wH G ' 4 5{ #Q # #o %$ #QTJ
^
!
!
LNL
LNL
&
*''$?F.R"2$! 44-?2"%3
$ I."F*,"F'*I-45!*^
J _
J _
"
J 8o
c
u _
b J J _ 0 W 0 0 n 0
b J _ J
n 0
# o Do #
O
O
O
Regression of X2 on X1
1.0
E[X1|X2=x2]
4
5
E[X2|X1=x1]
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
3.5
Regression of X1 on X2
O
_j3>/4/@)< ;.-0/3>AG/43>->=|/@-0:`5Z=|AC+.->/4:+Z3>:()+Z30H H/4+ZA>3J< /@L ;.3C=95I+Z:(): <)A><=|/@:*3>;6~#=|=9-#-J-K+ZH 5I+.H ()3=9()A>/@3>-K~#+ ;Z()=|3C<P~K5Z5Z()5I-0<*A>=|?@/@- =979:)]; P7|=|A>3>:*<)+./W~/ 5ZH365ZA>F4w!<)A}/@<)-0A>=9/[<P7|/15IAA}wA><P30+/@5I;.AK;.303C/@+Z5I-0H ()->=|<<)+Z-#: =9=9+ZAG-}: 5Z567|< -0H +b'):)5ZFM=9-K(*AC=|(,+Z5 /@: 5ZF@3>5Z')- :)3 2 LAC]<P=|5d-7|AG=9:)A>< AC/W<*')5Z/-3
F@=|- +Z:)5IFW:^5W2.=9:)/6F@H30'*/W:)5Z-0F4=|A>:)=|+.;1: H ')+I:*HF4AC=9+.# : %+Z+Hw /42Z/@3 5I:)+.L :[A>A><<)')/ -OL*F4+.+.~G~#5I()=|:['*A +I5dHAC=|+Z: ,+ZA><)H +.A>')<);./ <[F@+.F@')303>3# /427 ] 5IA>7|=|=|+.:*: /W5Zw 3 +.') 79L Q < ~K# A 5< I/#k-0+.~#/ X
->/4:)->/{<)/43>/O5Z:)L w/{-><)5Z7|7 / (,/4F4A =9A}AC+ _j/ (,+.-0=9A>=92./
H +.30:u~6+.')307 L)5 /@3A>+
+ 2 eP< :)L AU < .ACif<*k/ P3>- Q AE< AC<)< =9:);X)q w /}:)Q < /@/4L X =|- Q < +
X2 ;.e < =\2./@AU: < =|:# i P()+.(j3s/@:)A><)L)=|= -pw/}-0<P5Z7|7')->/JA><)/}-><*+.30A F@'A
# # #
Q< < # X
k
# gpe U # i
%
V
k Q ?@ e @ @ > > @ ?@ `i @ > 5@ e @ > @ ?@ `i 3@ P> @ e > @ ?@ `i
@`V @ e 5@ `i @ @ S 3@ IX
k TV
gJ# 5Ze-0/@# L i )+.w : / AC<*P/:)L ~GAC5Z<P305I;.A =|:) 5Z7Q < ( # ~ X,k TH E +ZV H < u*5Zw:*L/ ) :)Q L< #AC# <PX,5Ik A S*Q V < X,k T< ') -!5Zw:*L/ ;. /MQA!< AC#<PX,5Ik A V )5Z:*L1H 3>+.~
>
V
V
W
V
S
V
+
2ze< UA< # ifk T q T k U KQ < X,k q > k V U 5I:)L!GQ < # X,k S*V q V # k U
T
# #
V
->+ AC<P5I"A 6k 0 # # * S S x ZS &
> %$.#
1
x2
x1
6+
@
4
) Y
7+
+
90
Y 4
%.
A.
B,2+
^ (
V(
C:
^ (
^ (
-+ ,+ T+
%:
^ (Y
^ (
^ (
^Y ( +
^ :
:P:P:
^ (
^ (
YHZ
( Y
^ (
^ (
rvZ 2R=t\wH
q q
(
^
^
^
_ [2 ]
_ _
<s
1
.
( R^ b _ R^ , b _ =^z " b _ _ =^
[ _ ]p^ M ^ ^ 7 g
% {' # =
HK
LTWEPK *BK BK4W B .
_
"
{ % _ %
"
. " ,]8
{ oM
4
{
' q ' # co
c
b
b
# { # #o %$ { + { '
{ # co
o
7 # o
' # o % #
"
, # H ' 7
. s
.
H T 0 T
0 0 n
T , T
n T
#
# { { + q M '
{
{ # s
# {
{ s ' q
'
# 0{ { 8 + q
O
"!
%
&'
(
#
'
$
~
0 0
# = 4 )
0
T P T0 n0P
1(AT
AP w%0K(W T
?(A n0P 0W 0!
% Eb #
M # ( #
G)
*
*
1
W
1 "
#
* W0
1
1
a d AT A x.A
#
7
T
&
&
#
!
$ .
. #
"
#
brx A0*DAMADW*MA 0DW
c
% K("s ' (" A. # s A0 4
sb< AT
( ? A T
) * *
Vd br? ( "1( D G AT VA! '
n ( VA!0 #
#
;
#
0
b<
# %$
*
b< * 0
c
&
#
0
0
0
T
0
,
0.7
0.8
E[Y|X=x]
0.9
1.0
Regression of Y on X
!
21.5
22.0
22.5
x7^ +
23.0
23.5
,+
"& N
-+
+ T+
24.0
)
4
^
+ K:
+ ^
+ P(
6]
#
#
L
( $
#
#
% =
4
Rv=IR
n
4 * D
#
D
# ,
@ # D
#
4
)
*
1.0
FY|X(y|X=x)
0.4 0.6 0.8
FY|X(y|X=5)
FY|X(y|X=7)
FY|X(y|X=10)
(
(
0.2
0.0
(
(
P.i3>+.~ A>< <)')/ -15Zw _j/+
2.5Z/ 3>()/879+Z=|:oAC- 5 =9A e =|3C- 5IF@3>7|/
/@i 5Z3 ->=\A>AC<P'P5I5IA;A>=|
M+.:<)/43>/[;w!<) /4e3>// A < A><)k /@30T/ i=|t-K5b;F@79 /W5Ze3/AF4< '*A1kB- VWACS`+iF <Pt5Z-0;A>=|F 3>e5Z/: A <R=|:*k ;
+ACZ<*H /uAC<*F@')/ - ACF@+.+.~#:)L*/@=93 AC=9(*+.3>:P/45ZH 7%/43>L)/4=9:)-0F@AC/30=|_)->F4'+.AC3>=|+Z/4-:)-GA>+Z<)H +.') ;.<A < 3>5Z:) L)+ZA <~ zk 5I3>T/6F4-0 7|A /W5I3>679] A < - AC+k F <PV
5ZS -0A>-=| F@A 5Z7|7\ ] A <A><)/6k 7|5Z3>;.5Z/4:*-0A LRw!A><*< /@'): < k T <*- A/@3>/MH +.3>/OAC<)/O+.(*- ACA =9~G5I7z->');`5I3 F4+.:`AC/@:`A -0<)+.')79L[_j/ T +ZAC/{AC<P5IA%AC<*/ -0A>+F <)5Z-0A>=|F +Z3>L)/43>=|:*;
A < k T A < kRV
S A < k :)/4F@/4->-C5I3>=|7\] =|~#()79=|/@- A><P5IA Q A < k T X Q A < k V
SdX
Q A < k Xw!<*=|F <uFW5I:u5Z7|-0+ _j/=9:)L)/4(,/4:)L)/@:`A>79] 5Z:)L6L)=93>/4F4AC7\] 2./43>= )/@L A><)3>+.'*;.< AC<*/F@+Z~K()'A 5IA>=|+.:{+ZH
ACAC<*<*//#3>+I/4AC;.<)3>/4/43 ->-0wJ=|+.5W:{]BH ')3>+Z:)')F4:)A>=|LB+.: :)/@ /4QL^ :*A < +ZA{k _,d/uX:)k /4F@V /4x ->-C5I 3>=|Q7\] A AC< 30')k /
T X,
k =9 : x ;.5Z/@:):*L /@3C 5I7 Q A <Q k A < V
SIk Xjk X x Q6+
w A < /42Z/@k 3
-0 A A < k < ')-K=9:5B3>5Z3>/ -0=9AC')5IAC=9+.: ->')F < 5Z-u=|: A><)=|-u/ )5I~K()79/ fw!<)/@30/
X 7 A <r
k
AC+Z<*H# /GAC<)F@/{+Z:)F@L)+.:*=9A>L)=|+.=9A>:)=|5Z+.7E:P5IL)7 =|- L)AC=|30- =|AC_)30'*=|_)A>=|'*+.A>:*=|+.-{:*F@-J#5Z:w!=9_jAC<*/G+.+.'*30A%L)3>/@/430->/@+.L 3 sAC=|L):*/@;#F4=|A>->+K=9+.30:)/@-{;.30FW/@5Z->:b-0=|+._,: /#A 5 :[I/@;.: /4:)_P/@5Z3>5Z-0/@7L<)+
+Zw:b/MAC2.<)/43/#->AC')+ZFAC<5Z7|=\5ZA:]
A+.5 30ZL)//@30->=|'):)F;K<8~GL)5W/@] F4=|-0:)=|+Z+.A :)-_j/ (j+.->-0=|_)79/ w!<*=|F <[H +.30F@/4- +.:)/{AC+K')->/{AC<)/O:)/ A _j/@- A AC<*=|:); 3>/4;.3>/4->->=9+.:8A>V +
0
2
y
64
T.
6+
)
+ [
( 4
-4
)
F+ S
7)
+
ZS
:
4
354
C
A9
.
# H
" %
# ) " E
*
O
4
$
E; @
#
#
#
"
"
?
"
"
f
"
%
"
"
* '
"
H " 6
.
.
% %
*
R=t\w=
B
G'
%
# #
(c,b)
L
O ;
*
# E
%
%
%
(a,b)
A
(a,d)
(c,d)
<3>/4F4AC5I5ZA :)=|-;.I79/ -0')()(j=9: +.->A>/Y<)/Yw5Z/_j5Z+3>2Z/Y/ =|:`L*A>= 5Z/@3>;./43>-05ZA>~ /@L w!=9:{=\AC<A><)AC/Y<*()/ 3>(j+.+._)=|5Z:`_)A>-Y=|79=9e AP] U M+ZizH*5ZA><):)/ LG3>e 5Z:)U L)i+Z~3>/@-02.(,/@/4FMF4ACA>+.=93p2./4A 579]{=95Z:)-p;%=9A>2I-z5Z:)79')+./@3 -pAC< =|: /WAC5Z<*- /A
P
5ZK:)e L PU ->M+Zi '*;.AC=9< 2Z/@w-f/4AC-0<)A /%F@()+.303>:)+Z_P/@305Z-}_)w!=97|=9=9AAC]O< +Zn H,AC<)G/%')5Z:):)=9L +.: +Z H 30/@F4 AC
5Z :);.79/@k - Q n n < t `w!<)/4 3>/ < # t 5I:)
L X 5Z+
30w /
3>Q /4<->(j/@FMt AC=92Z/@ 7\]8'*-> /@L AC+#< L)/@:*t +ZAC/{
XAC<)5I/G:)Loe (jQ+Z AC< /4:`AC= t 5I7|79]K =|: P :)< =9A>/
it 30/@ F4AC
5ZX :);.79/@+Z- AC/ Q ACn <)G5IA < Ke t U Mi k G < e # t
i X
n
Ke PU iEk n Ke
iJ5I# :)L Ge n U iEk Ke 1i n < ')- #
Ke i
k Ge
1isq Ge
1i
k Ge U 4isq Ke i @ Ge i q Ke i
k Ge U 4isq Ke n U Misq Ke PU i @ Ke n U i
eT i
< ')-%->=|:*F@/ AC<*/{(*3>+._P5I_)=|79=9A]#+ZHs5Z:`]13>/4F4AC5Z:);.79/ ~G5W]1_j/ F@+Z~K()'AC/@L ')-0=|:);uAC<*/ F L H f-0+ w!=97|7,_,/ AC<*/
()30+._P5Z_)=97|=\A]G+ZHs5Z:`] -0/4A%=|: AC<*/{(*7 5Z:)/ w!<*=|F < FW5Z: _,/{5Z(*()3>+ =|~K5IAC/4L _ ]13>/@FMA 5Z:*;.7|/4
+
w
|
7
M
/
A
)
'
0
>
A
)
'
*
L
]
>
A
)
<
u
/
@
F
.
+
*
:
>
K/ ')/4:)F@/K+ZH Ge |U i%_j/@=|:*; F@+.:`AC=9: ')+.')- +
2./43 A><)/u()7|5Z:)/ #
s= 5I: ]
e U # i # 5Z:)L6F4+.:)->=9L)/@3s5 ->~K5Z797`3>/@FMA 5Z:*;.7|/5Z3>+.'*:)L6=9A ;.=\2./@: _ ]GQ < @ #
V
4
)
Y "&
"!#"$%
'!*4($
/@
'
*,
/.
+ [
/.
+
/,
Y &
-,
.$/%&
.
12
. 3
. 3
!*
$0&
4,
#,
$50&
.!
2,
$0&
.!0&
6,
&
+ -+ T+
6+
7
*
'
!0&
)&
A
6
#
+
# ?
: #
#1
#
# !
#
)
9
+
hw
0
n=
# '
B
"
,
#=t= t |H ,
+
&
#=RG f
"
"
cRRMf
# %
"
#
%
1
# #
' 7
" 4 B
,
%
%
+
!
"
.
=
"
1
#
%
#
5 '
# ( # G
R
F
L
>
6 4 %
ML N
L
#
1
#
$ @
#
Rww22=w w c 2=
# B # ( = w = *
+
# =w 2=w* f
1
ML N
# ( 4 )
' ' #
4
# ( 4 %
#
"
#
6
0
L # H
" ( '
%
# # % %
'
C
' % 7 #
+
j
;
# %
%$
rvZ 2 =RwH 4 B . # 4
. '" > 4 " + %
d # ' 4
#
# # '
# 5 B '
"
#
C
#
#
% .
(
4
5
#
%
% #
+
e
.
1
1
#
5
A
+
# " # /
<
G
L '
+ #
' '
#
# )
$ ' 4
# E E %
#
?
M
4
# 4
,K N7LTR
#
!
% #
1
' #
.
G
*
+
#
:
%
*
#
&
-
#
*
!
=
:
0
=
,
#
#
fY(y)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Marginal p.d.f. of Y
P+.3!5 /@L^q
ut [t
a e4A ,i *AC<*/{F4+.:)L)=\AC=9+.:P5Z7,( L H f+ZH A <rk =|-};Z=92./4: _ ]
=\H q $
q
a e/A ,iEk l S # !
% % +IAC<)/430w!=|-0# / # t 1t $
# q #
5Z- +IAC=\A / L)AC<P/@()5IA%=9F4A>=9: - AC a <) / L)e =94-0ACA ,i30=|_)'AC=|=|+Z-%: F@+.+Z:*H3-> =|L*/@H 3>+./43 L85 A>+G_j/@/ L < /4L k 5Z:)L8 =9A!/@30=|-!/ AC=9+#A =9_j- % /{5 2 % =|F4/M+.w:)/4- LA 5Z5Z:`-A{5 +
2.H /@'*3 :)F4A><)A>=|/ +.:83C5Z+Z:)H;Z /
q $
# q # t bt $
# q # e 5Z:*L^AC<*/#F4+.:)- A 5Z:`AO=|- ->')F < AC<P5dA !
% % a e 4A ,i %[k V
i 5I:)L
AC-0]< ')~#-{~K5Z/M- AC3 / ]K()=\A7 5Z=9=9- :)/@/@5ZLB-0]#5I_,AC+
+ 2.->/ /@4/%6AC<PA < 5dA k < b=A 9- k :*=|=9- H +. 30~ :)=\H +
+.2.3>/4~ 3 +
AC2.<)/4/u3L)AC+Z<*~G/ 5ZL)=9+.: !~K
Qh5Zq =9:$
Qh1q # $ q
# q U $
# U $ q
# q X X]
# # # #
1.5
@ B
1.0
/4
0.5
0.0
y -+ F+ T+
0.5
1.0
1.5
@ B
3@ B
'+
74
C+R2
:(
#
'
#
.
=
1
'
= + #
%
+
#
*
% , % %
$ G # " . # # " # +
S C
" ."
# .
B % S
D = $ 2
%
$
"
A
+
# F
5 %
'
+
/
4 #
#
' #
B % %$
!(+ *7#"&8%:6$'-&)O'(+*M*-,/KWVX.-=0213VX(+"YV[&4Z<025-KW67VX.W(8V\02"Y:9V]7:&1;C<"^<-V_&+.W$<V\"Y9-V`.-V;:=ab?*-><0BA2$',c&40@"Q$':&5-)AB>d,021C146D*D$'$AB>:02,Ee0B5F9-,GO,$f9H.-,J02I!13K-(+&4&802,G5-186718,G(8.L02:902g9M$<$N9-13.M(+&+=$<:=02O:*P(C,9P"Q:&(C4^RS'=$'U&4K-.T6!=U(h$<$'(89-02:99--,G&1
(+(+*7*7,H,&8KW,TVX=i$'&8,MV\"YVj$'ZkA`KW(+V_,.l&4VX9D"YV`$<mW(8$'0B>:97, .nRS"Q:&$p!o1oK7'"&8:5cD,J$<I75-K702&8AB,0B(q14pr180B9-$'Ot97.$Usd.76-0214$'(89P&8(+0B025-AB,M67(+^0B:9$'WA2^GV 6-A@$k*-(+02,'914-,L1#$'(8&8*-,,TA20B^<u'V_,g.lVX^"YV`$<m)K-$'18&46-,TAB,021#97.-Rf02*-14KF02^h,G*i9-1+KD$'$'57^hA2u:,'v m
:&0B$'"f4O:02'9,GO:1-0B9D,t(8$'*-.-AW,w,.-14.70B021402&4(814,&8(81L02&8570B185-677m67(+0B(+:90B5-:9i67x(L0B902(+9y*7(8,,~$i&4=U=w6-971N$<0202sz'"9c6-,K-0`(+671#=w&8KWK$'V_:197=89-,tV\,"Y&gVj'"Z<f(+Kl*D(8V_.W$k*-(MV\,"Y14Vf0B,t1M^$'^67$'9n18K-,5F.y146-,"QA2:&,G&8,G1g^$'18|>:=:&8,t,G&8,U97,.x'(14LKF5D,G.-$<^,G^h02K-ur$'02A2^0B"Qe&4(+,:=0297.{}OK-(+$
6-*7&4,.-KF1802,T'113(+8^&4,$'021G5-K-V 6714(86-02A2:9*-,G,1
02$9x14$<02O:9x9D$'$kAB(+(86-,&4&8,i9-$<'"(+ 0`>:$,T.-"Q:&02413(+=&4025-(+67*-(8'602:9-DO:*mS(+57*-670B(~16-^$<14029{9-O{5,H(+*-:9,G7= ,L'""Q'&U(+*-14,L:=U0B9z,i(8,18&4KK-,&8,^G(h0@$'$<A#(802:9K--6-1o&4KF'":14,(+*-1~,GAB1802,u<,i^$'K-K7&418:56-DAB$',57102A2 0``(q p
^6-'=14U029-K-Ot6!(+(h*7$<,U(802^:9$'wK-"Q18'&67A2,$H$'18167=$t6-'"9-;02&+sz$<6-9-,.-:=1402O:9D><$k$'(+&86-02&4$',5-A2<",G1md$t=U.-'=0BU14(+&4,G029z5-(6!^(+02$''9AB^6-,GA2$<(+^<(+0BVB:9VWaymzK-,&8|>14d*D02$'97ABOHAc.-(+*-0214,G^:&6-814,1(+02(8^*-$'&8Al,G&4,,14186-6-AB^h(8* 1
.-0`l,G&8,9P(#KD$'^huk$'O'029-O'"].-0213(+&4025-67(802:971m7,$'^h**D$>!0B9-O0B(+1|Rf96-9-0Bsd67,671+$'O:,G1V
4 yDE 34:;CD-4 lDYE
$'S9-:9.-14KW02.-VX=i,G&TV\"Y$tVW-.-0B18^G&8,Gw(8,U 97:9!vqF97),"QOP'&$<(80Bn>',0B9P7(+,:O'J,d& ><$'A2V 6-,G.y&8$'9-.-'=><$'&802$'5-A2,H Rf0B(8*k!:J!j
]xh%QgJy33!+DCz;7)% ; {*-q,;"Q]6-'9-^Q(+02/'9im!:&lQ4KWVXO-V\"YVcr"Q|:& -S 14-*-k:& 3 (m-.-'",CD(89-*-,G, .
9-"Q:9:&!#v#9-,O:$<(+0`>::,G0B9z(80B1N,O:^,G$'&SA2AB><,$'.rA267(+,*-.t,M&+]$<9-.-]:=d
><$'&802$'5-AB,oV
0M:&814( m9-$<'(1T+,L"Q:&(8H*D$<$<(g9zpy180B9-w^,t h-z: G- l0B1 4$KlV_=VX"YV` mW(+*7-,LKW V_O7 VX"YVHlQ4o.7,G-D{9-,G .:$<V5F|>
N:,,JId02(97.-:5,-,G18.{,G&4,J>'I!,~0214(+(8*D1$<(HT5z p
B
|-
|-
(+*7,A2$R'"#6-97^:9-14^0B:6-114(h$k(+0213(+0B^0@$<9WmclQ4
[|V *-,rKWV_O7VX"YVlQ4M$'^G(86D$'A2A`pK-$'^huk$'O:,1(+*7,
KW=UVX=i$'9-V\9-"YV,G& + -d | - 0B9t$H^$'K7186-AB,"Q&8:= Rf*-02^h*~(8*-, :&80BO:029-$'AKWV_=V\"YV^$'9r5,&8,G^|>:,G&8,.i029~(8*-,"Q:A2AB|Rf029-O
W%Pc - 4 x h z D
@: ! l4 "" - # $ % h '&G% (h ) z
%P !+* * lQ4" ! """ ! - %,&7[! %(h .--/&! 0h ) zJ%
:Q6
=$'ABAd:=(8U*-,G,9P14,(+1f0297'""Qc:&4=wRS$k(+,G02&8'9,T$'^A2$'149LU.5-,,G&8^0`$'>:K7,.n186-02AB9,.LK-02KW9TV`|0B(+k1]vh'KWMVXO-6-VX"Y14V]029-029HO'9(+&4-02,^huPO:pr-m'029!18(D9-+*-0B(8$<,g(c18:96-7=,^^$'$<9HA2^(867*-A@$<,(89L02:9A2$<W(+V,G&\N,J|RI!E(8,G&+>'$',^&(
Rf5Ppt*D$<.-(80`,Gl>',G,&8&o,9P'9(8-0@$<,M(89702:9,W,.7V 1 $'*-5,M:6Kl7V_(fO-V\(+"Y*7V02'"1f;&V\>VE021fvEO:5F0B,g>',0B(#9r0`5P(+1fp KWVX=iV\"YVE'&#=:=,9P(+1v/"Q&8'=(+*-0B1N^$'K-146-A2,g180B=UK7ABp
l4Y [ f - o CI lF - o m o w - Q m' o fJ m
o
o
o
18#(+*D$k(; Q4 1 O ! 3 * m8 3 4 1 O !* 3 m 1 ( 3 Q4 1 (:O < ! 3 ,G(8^'V; 1 3 Q4 1 O = < ! 3 44 V *z6-1w F
021f,$'18 0B3ABpt14,,9i(+5F,g %1 %P k;! m
$<1N0`(f18*-:67A2.n5,'V Q |lFE4 t LG 0B1#O'0B>:,G9
5Ppw% 1 3b7 ;VE G 7 18L(3 +*D$k( ~
F $'9-. WU
Fb Y yV QY) QV @34 ** **
* * 1
$<1RS,G&8,M$'A214"Q'6-9-.5zp~.-02&4,^G(f^G:=K-67(h$k(+02'9t029rKD$'O:,:'V
*
*
*
*
^_ `Q Bi !~"%$'&#RS,L*D$>',L=w$'0B9-ABpr.7,$'A`(oRf0B(8*
RS,GA2A]5F,G*D$>:,.x&8$'9-.-:=><$'&802$'5-AB,1NRf0`(+*n-9-0B(8,
=K-&4:=:5UD$',G5-9P0B(+A210`(qV p N1w $'9 "Q,'&I!#^G,nK7(802:9:WJmEd^:9718V 02.7),,&(N${671#&8$'D9-&4.-14(N'= ^h*-,><^h$'ur&802(+$'*-5-$<A2,U(; %WRfE*- 0B^h* (+$'u',G"Q1'&(8*-,r>'$<:A26-Jd,t!Rf021#0B(8*$
8 7#Z3
8 7#Z3
1
1
A2,GO:0B(802=U$<(+,gKWVX=VX"YV`V :&N(8*-021GmlD&813(g9-'(8,T(+*D$k("Q:&o :h! 1 7#Z3 7V *z6-1 (8*-,H:9-A`pn<(+*-,G&
(+*7029-OL(+*-$<(f&8,G=w$'0B9-1(+5,g18*-|Rf9n0B1(+*D$k(Ni| # 1 8 7#Z3 gRf*-02^h*021K-&4|>:,.n$'1"Q:A2AB|Rf1
# %Q b
AB02= |# 6
AB02= f & )
AB02= f b
N<(+, (+*D$k5( ~
C.-d,1f9-'(f,JI70B14(#|Rf029-OL(8(8*-, "%$'^G(f(8*D$<(
!C%)
|#
# %Q b |# Q
N|R(+*-,gKWVXO-V\"YV/<"]021O'0B>:,G9i5Pp
W4 | # c%Q | # Q | # # 6 b
N|R
c 8 7#
A2:OD3:f4:
|- f - |-
|- Q # f
"!
)(
,+
#
#
%$
-+
'&
,/
.
.
8
&
4
1
(
h
^
*
G
,
h
^
u
c
m
P
5
p
C
7
*
:1
8
K
`
0
h
(
'
$
Z@_1
A
3
%
O
O
3
kf6-A2,<mDA202= ! 1 ! ! AB02= ! 1 ! ~Q180297^,g5F <(+*A202= ! A2'O3f4 $'9-.A20B= ! ,sz6D$'AB1
$'9-Y.r#(+*-,gP.-Y,GM&80`>'$k(+0B>'T,1f'"]wA2:OD3f<4V/!$'029-=.rK-SA2,o,G18sz6-6D5-$'13A2(+1g0`(+ 67(802O :9! r$''"9-;.x &8,G 18Kpd02,,G^GA2(8.-0B1>',lABp Ym-$':9-V .r(+*z6-1fW%Pc
Q4
3f47A2'O3f4
3f47A2'O3f4 AB:O3f4
A2'O3f4 f
A2:OD34Y
f
O
%PA2! 0B= B A2'O3f4Y nA2! 02= k !
A2! 0B= -Yf 4 U
! 0B=U 0BA@$''&4UABp &8,GKF ,$<k(+,Gm.-% ABp1 ( 3 6-%14P02/9-O C(:*7< :18 K-0`&N(h$';[UZA @_1 &46- A2,N&<$'C9-,G.w(8^'(8,V`V .-0B
N:6|R-?1E$'RfA2O'*D,$k5-(&8$$'50`(E:67^$'(f9~(8*-5,M,N=14*-:=|Rf,9~9P(+(+1*Dx$k(EayV ,M*-P$|>' ,
(
(
0
).
.
-
<
R
S
S
5-0B9-:=0@$'A^d,^0B,9P(#021O:0`>:,G9i5Pp
#
S
S ; 3#)G3#il3#t S b
YM R S ; 2%Q bl%6 S |
YM R Q6 S 2%6 S S ;@:Qtl %Q ; |X2%t lG
YM R 6 SS
# $&%Y
'F)
(q+ *, %+-/.10]<+ 2<3 * :&P 54$'9-.K:180`(+0B>', 029P(+,GO:,&]m
Y#4 Oz - NS YM R R - 6 SS R
R
R
6 kl: i ab0B(8*r(8*-,gA@$'13(#,sz6D$'AB0B(qp~5,0B9-O1+$'=,$'1(+*D$k(N<"](8*-,M.7,GD9-0`(+0B:9r'"](8*-,g9-,O:$<(+0`>:,g5-0297:=U02$'A
^d,^G02,9P(mRS,i18*D$'ABAK-&8|>',n(+*D$k(
YHb4 Oz rR - 6 SS R V ay,i14*D$'A2AfK-&4|>:,n0`(5zp
M Vca,=U$'u<,Q(+*7,
>:18^G,G:&&4p{8,T6-$'9-9P&4p,$'=wAB0213$'(+&402uz^1o5$',G1814(qRE6-=,,K79x(+0B:9 (+iQ5-|67:(MU0B0B(g9
.-$'d,ABAW1M(+*-9-, '(=w^G:6$k-(8&8(+14,G,&h1
o (+*-
$<(M#H/(8*- ,14'(+J67!.-,9PG(H 0B1gml,Usz6Dq$'M)ABABpxA2:0Bu'C,G ABpn(8
%:
!:G |:!Va,$'AB18"Q6-&4(8*-,&$'14186-=,r(+*D$<((8*-,t6
M @_1U$'&4,0B9-.-,GKF,G9-.-,9P(V *-,G9(+*7,
(+^<('6h-$'9PA(+021497^OU:&4(+,*7(8,M*-9z,U6-13=H(+6-5.7,,	PR(L$O:pd,1(+10B9021gRfO:*-0B0B>'^h,*)9{5Pp &::7V
#C|R 6 (+*-,g (+'( + $'FAC 9z6- =HT5$',	-.{'"RSK,U:18$'14&802,5-AB02, 9P(8,v&8(+,G6714K-(8A2,,G.1N0B0B99
(+U*7 , b ^G:6&:-:&4<18,mW1 =H(867*DAB$<(+(0BK-(8AB*-pd,L0B9-14Ow(86-0`( .-,5P9Pp(M|^7$' 9 14Rf^:&0BA24A],O:020B1>',HO:0`(+>:*-,G,L9{9z5P6-p=H57, &g'"$'9-RS.$(8p!*d1670219
0`"RfRS*702,^h*x^$'(+9*-,LD&81313(+(g6-.-^:=,G9P(TK-^67$'(89 ,
18^G:&8,$L(+'(+$'AW'"&::!V *-,gK-&8:5-$'5-02AB0B(qpU.-0213(+&4025-67(802:9w'" 021.-,(+,&4=U0B9-,.r5Ppr6-14029-O0B(81KWVXO-VX"YV`V
!0B9-O ^,/U q MF :F %: L!: |:7mG(+*-,KWVXO-V\"YV]'"dq Md021)O:0`>:,9g5Pp %: p : %q F
%: O! ! 5Ppi(8*-,TO:,G:= ,G(+&402^g18,G&80B,1N"Q'&8=H6-A2$7m$'9-.(+*z6-1o(8*-,TKWVXO-V\"YVf'" [ QCU p o0B1
O:0`>:,95Pp %: 1 O O! ! 3 V \N,G9-^,MU &':<)^$'9i5,g"Q:6-9-.5PptDO:6-&4029-O:67(f(8*-,g^d,^0B,9P(o<" (qq
029(8*-,U,JI!KD$'9-1402:9{'" %: 1 O O! ! 3 $'9-.x(+*z6-1g(+*-,9z6-=H5,&g'"SRS$pd1 &::t0B1 9-'(+*7029-Or5-67((+*7,
+
/,/
//
//
//
&
Rf&:L*-0B02^h1*UO'$k0B>:"(+,G,9i&5P14p:=d,f $'&:&870`(+: *-- =,G(802^S% 0B1"Q:67 -_F97-.(8- g5FV ,#!m &:!m - ' 18 (+*-$<((+*-,K7&8:5D$<5-02AB0B(qp'"(+*-,146-= 5,0297O
:
r
H
-
M-
&'- = - - - r & |- - -
-P &7 &: '&: :J - P '
M @_1c$'&8,0V_0V_.lVCRf0`(+*U q
MF F $'97.w q
MF
<
#
r m%18$|p7JVSa,M$'&4,M0B9z(8,&4,14(8,.i029rDO:6-&4029-O:67(f(+*7 ,Mn.-0B14Rf(8*-&802,G57&867,w(+0BRE:9,UrRE'",&4(8,w*-,M^G:914-6-^= ,G&89-,G.Rf 0BM(8#*y q(+*7M, V
:6y^$'9{(+*-0B9-u'"0`(T$<1T$O:,9-,G&+$'AB02e$<(+0B:9x'" ^_ % `]%
.(+-'10B148(+18&4,G0215-m!6!9-(+|R02'9y(+'"*-,f(8^G*-:0,~299z026-1=H5,502,97&TO'"(85:18\N14,,.w$'.-r1H(+0B0BJ9 =U&i,G1(+$''19-818.,G1L029-'"13(+#,$n$'.w^G:0'"2W9wRf 0`(+*cU
!
M0B(0B1/797 RV $'9-9w13(+$<,&8$<5-.0`(+&+'"$<5&4p&
&8'(,8$'*-A/,&39dRf6702=H18,<5FV ,G&N*- ,G9 \71802=V
K-A`Sprd.&8-,,K7&8(+,*-14,U,9P&8(+,1146-(8AB*-(T,T'"9z6-(8=T*-,5F,GH%&v (+'"*{?(+\#:1,4$'1L.-$'1o1w029nU{0B"(+0`(T:14&418,,G141 6-'"AB(8c1T(+02*79021oj$ ^G:0\N29l,$'V .N$'=U97:9.7O
$KW'ABVXAEO-V\.-"YVU0`l0B,G1M&8,G$k9z(g(M A2,(+&4$<,14$<(M(8$'=UA2O',G,9z5-(81H&8$''"02^$'(8A2*-A`p021H(8*-K7,&8:5=U-AB:1,3= (g14'"(8&+$'D0BO'O:6-*P&8(0B9-"Q'&O
4RS:67$'&8(M.{(+*-:9,w-,<.-V 0213 (+&8*-0B5-,67KW(802VXO-:9yV\"YVU'"'"E(q +ME*-0B,~1g'9O:-0B>',w,9{Rf0B5z(8*p
U q M kB ?w q M `U mP -JmE$'1w q Mg : b !V *-,G&8,G"Q'&8,t(+*-,rKWVXO-V\"YV'"
0B1gO:0B>',9x5PpW4o D m74 R - S R m p O R R 5Pp
(+*7,U5-0B9-:=0@$'AC(+*7,:&4,=qV \N,97^,5zp
.-0B&8,^(+A`pH&8,$'.-0B9-OM'67((+*-,f^d, ^G02,9P(E'" R 0B9(8*-,f5-0297:=U02$'A7,JI!KD$'9-1402:9'"l(8*-,fKWVXO-VX"YV'" x0B(^$<9w5,
"Q:6-97.U(+*-$<(U S F S R m = O R S 7:G8V *-0B1E0B1(+*-,#"%$'=U'6-1 LC`%-F&+$<9-.-:=
><.-$',&8(h02$'$'0B5-AEAB0B,'9m)Rf(+*-*-,t02^h97*y,Id021(L6-^h18*D,$'"QK!6-(+A/,02&G9{V =U:&d.M-,9-AB|R029-OtA2><,G$'(T&4026-:61 -1g6-9D13(L$k(+^6-:=&8$'AK-K-67*-(8,~,970B:=(8U1T=,G9D,$7$'m9 $'9-$<9-.y.Rf><0BA2$'A&8025$',U9-^.7,U02186-^G6-180B189-14O
,.(+*70B9 ,
KWVXO-V\"YV$'K-K-&4P$'^h*WV
4/ Dm -4 b!;Im x-4 = O% $'9-.r 4 !;Im x-4 = O% c%r Dm x-4 = O
/
5Pp *-,GW~&8,G
"Q'&8F,g 0B(81S Q=3|,$'9rV021SYO:0B;>',9tQV5PQp Yw 8
bFbQ~@3 |/|bQ !d%14029-y^G, m!L|S{$'!9- .r 0B(81Sd><;$'&8302$'9-^G,021O'd0B>:%,Gm!9 V
<
>
'
$
8
&
2
0
'
$
5
B
A
'
,
m
4
1
2
0
9
G
^
,
`
0
+
(
f
1
+
&
<
$
9
:
O
g
,
'"
c
K
:1
4
8
1
2
0
7
5
2
A
,
<
>
'
$
2
A
6
G
,
#
1
'
$
8
&
g
,
z
u
9
|R
f
5
G
,
Q
"
:&
4
,
*D$':&97#.W$'m9i0B(M$'&8=w5-0`$<(+u'&8$',&41Tpt18,&8$'979-18,~.-'=(+}n18>',$<,G&8uy0@$<"Q5-:&A2T,<m7$i(+*-"Q6-0B1f9-K-^(+&80B:K:9W,m&3(q"Q&4p:='"c5Rf,*-0B9-02^hOw*$<0`5-(+1TA2, Kl(+V_.=-VX"Y0BVi&8,^^(+$'A`9pt5&8,,~(+&8&40B,G,G(+>'&4,02,(8>:*-,,M.Kl5-V_$'=^huVX"YVV
(+:&*D*-f$'$'97(+9.-*-A2,^0B9-$'KWOwK-VX.W18'"67V\"YcA2VB02mF0 97VX$'0 OVX1f.W(8VN(+*-*-&8,U,$'Kl9-^.-V_$'=14'=,TVX"YV`=UmC><$(q$'RSpr&40@
$'5F57,<<(A2m+,*-"Q1G&4,GV :=&M=U*z$6-$ 1NO::&,Rf 9-*-6-,G02&+14AB$<,,H(81H02$<9-<"(4O(+,KW"Q=6-VXO-9-K7V\^(8"Y(+02Vt9-02'9O$'W&8(+mD,~.021f,7$<(+,G14dDp{U=9-=U,HT'=$w6-U^hO:*i,G,9z97(8(w,,&+.-$k,GI!(+&802K970`>',OU$k^((+"Q026-V '99-yo^(+(+$<*-0B9-:9,G. &
"Q$H:&NRS,G$'A29
Avq.-$<,&85-D0`9-(+,&+.r$<&4&4pt,$'&8$'A)9-9z.-6-:==H5,><&f$'&4$k0@($'5-(+*-AB,',gm-1+(8$<*-=U,14,,T(8(q02RS=U",'VQ, $<b(86-=U&8,G$1p~$'5&4,M, 02.-A2,GAvq18.-0B&8,,D.i9-,GRf.~*-"Q02:&AB,Mu<$',9i,K7$'02&89-57Ow0B(+&8(8$'*-&4,pUsd&+6-$<$'9-9P.-(+:=0B(qp
><K$':1&88020`$'(+5-0B>'AB,',V "Q :&*-0B 1f0241f$'!^Gm#^:=5767(tK-A20B18180B*-=U,G0B.tA@$'0B&L"]K7:9-&8:K,g^,'9&3-(+0218,G0B1~.-,^&4$<1 9 ! 5F,
0B9-&4,G14(+(8,$'$'029-.W,GV . 0B" '9-, 6-13(~"Q:&8^G,1~(+&8,=U$'0B9
^x$<A2hA2g,G.~(+33*-+], D` `W dF *-,d"QC6-9-d^(+702|'9Cq;Q4]x' |% m- :&! =V_%O-K-V\"Y&4Vc|>!"Q:&0B.-,14.b*-:&(+4*-($<mD(~'";(+*7(+*-,{,g,J&+I!$<KF9-,G.-^G:=(h$k(+02>''9$<&80@,J$<I!5-02A214,o(81hwV 0B1
N<(+,w(8*D$<(H"Q:&H$
9-:9!v9-,OP$k(+0B>',~029P(8,O:,G&T><$'A26-,G.&+$'97.-:= >'$<&80@$<5-A2,m0B"f0`(+1HKWVXO-V\"YVx021HO:0`>:,G95zp
l L ? m0B(81T=V_O7VX"YV 4T021H,$'180BABp{:57(+$'029-,G.5Pp18675-14(80B(+6!(+0297O n ! 0290B(+1TKWV_O7VX"YV
"Q6-9-^4E(+0B:9yW ! 9CV :&
N4|R.-,&(8(8*-w$,f'sz976-14,RE13(+,02&f'9(+*-(8,g*D$<sz(6-,9D13$k(+(+0B6-:9i&8$''5A2A`-pT18$<,G&8&4>:0214,g,1(+*-0B1$<m ( 3Rf*PpL0B10B(^$'A2AB,.L=:=U,G9P( O:,97,&+$k(+0297O
Qq{ (
Q
F
l
mpo+t"Q'&
"
"" ! - fJ m ! "" ! - 3f m ! "" ! -
! "
m
3
J
m
<
%
m
%
m
m
m
!
!
!
"
"
%P 4 ""
"" ! - Y#J m ! """" ! -
3fJ m ! ( """" ! -
18(+*-$<(
m m
m
m
W~
Y
j D ~
%PC :8
o
1
=
,
P
9
8
(
2
0
:9
G
,
t
.
2
0
w
9
8
(
*
,
5
,
:
O
B
0
9
9
2
0
7
9
T
O
'"
C
+
(
7
*
2
0
1
4
1
6
5
8
1
G
,
G
^
8
(
2
0
:9
W
!
m
+
(
*
,
U
=
'
$
2
0
w
9
8
&
,
<
$
8
1
:9
~
Q
"
:&
E
f
R
*
2
0
h
^
r
*
:9
o
,
D
*
'
$
1
+
(
TO
:
><5^'=$',GUA2p:67'9K-,-.n6!.n(+&8,KW$'.x9-VXO-.-$<V\"Y9-'=V/.$'9-67><(+.$'0B&4A2.-0B0@e$',G,57D.A297,,M"Q1f:&=:9o7=V_ABO7p::=VX"YVVab02,19P*-0`(N,G(+1#9-^:=,G$'>'K-,K7K-&A26702(8^(+*-$'$<,H5-(+0B0B$':9A2K70B
(qK-p'"&85/:K7,$'0B&89P9-0@pi$kO(+&+,g9-$''(=U97#.-'=A2:=U0B=U,G0`9z(+>'(8,G$<1N.w&80@,J(+$<I!95-0214A2-,<(:9mFV d(8 vq*-9-*z,T,G6-OP=1 $<V_(+02O79i0`>:VX"Y,g(+V*-02^,H9P$'(89
97,,O:5Id,G,(&
,I7$'=K-AB,RS,02ABA26-13(+&+$k(+,N(8*-,g6-1+$<O:,g'"=VXO-VX"YVc"Q'&f$^G:9P(+0B9d67:6-1f&+$'97.-:=><$'&40@$'5-AB,'V
^_ `Q ,cfeMF%W; gChi 9
(+*7021#,I7$'=K-A2,<mFRE,H*D$'.
.7,&80`>:,G.
(+*-,H^<V_.lVX"YV<"*-|RA2:9-Ow$wA20BO:*P(4v
5(+-*76-,TAB5&+$<=U9-0B.-O::=*P(A2><$'$'14(&802mW$'5D5-$'A2,14,.x:9.-,G9-18'('=+U0B9-,HOUK7(8*z*-pd,H149z02^6-$<=HA5KF,:1&N3(+'"6-A2$<*-(+:6,G71V&81N ((8*DRS$<$'(1 $w.-A2,0BO:&40B*P>'(4,vq.x576-(+A2*D5t$<Rf(o02(+AB*-AC,LA@$'^<13V_(o.W0BV\"Y1oV O:w0`>:,lF9nN5z'"p
UI lF f O o 0B0B["[" ljl b "Q:&c14:=U,K-$'&+$'=,G(8,& O:0B>d0297O(+*-,&8$<(+,'""%$'0BA26-&4,'AV
N|R"Q&4:= (+*-0B1
0B(o021,$'14pi(+t.-,G&80`>:,T(8*-,LKWVX.WVX"YV'" Rf*-02^h*x0B1oO:0`>:,95Pp I lFf o w lFN O o 0B0B"" ljl b V
5P>!0B:6-14ABp:9-,H^$'9
^G:=UK767(+,T(8*-,H=:=,9P(+1#.-02&4,^(+ABpr"Q&4:=.-,GD970B(+0B:9
6-14029-OU(+*-0B1oKWVX.WV\"YVBV *-$<(0B1
"Q:&,JI-$<=UK-AB,'m
~
O l c lF l
l O o l
O
%5Ppt146-5-14(80B(867(+0B9-O lF
O "" G - O b %$<"(+,G�B9P(+,O'&+$<(8029-OH5PprKD$<&4(+1+
^_ `
+
"
+
$'1yA202=
7;A202=
O
$'9-.
O
O
O """ G - J
$'9-.
~
O l c lF l
l O o l
O
%5Ppt146-5-14(80B(867(+0B9-O lF
O """ G - O %$<"(+,G�B9P(+,O'&+$<(8029-OL5PptKD$<&4(+1+
%$'1AB02= O !]AB02= O $'9-.rRS,*D$>:, 6-13(N14*-|Rf9(8*D$<( O J
1(+8&3
(pd0289-*DO{$<( (+,W~n><$'fA26D $k(+ ,i(8 *-,n W0B9P(+,DO'~&+$'
AB1U@ $< OP$' 029 *$'9- . $< * OP$' 029lmS * 0BV(U02\N1|R=HE6-,G>:^h,G*&L=U"Q:&:&T4,i,$'^G^h:9* P>:=U,G9-:=02,G9z,(t9P(T(8K029-13(+,,&3$<"Q.:&8='"
$='9{:=U029P,G(+9P,GO:(+1E&+$k"Q(+&402:='9{0B'9(S-$'^1,U$'$'979-.~.xRf"Q:&*-,9t$'A2&4Am),szKD6-$'02^h&4uk,$'.tO:5P,pU0B(g18020B=9K-$rAB,N^.-$<K-0`l18,G6-&8AB,G,U9z^(80@$'$<A2(8AB,02:9.xl=V V_O-*zV\"Y6-VU1$'RE9-,o.xD(+&8*-13,G(9^$<,A2Id^(867&+A@$'$<^(8(T,N(+(+*7*7,,
=V_O-V\"YV'";$'1
4
!
O ! o I lF l
%5Pp~(8*-,gA@$R'"679-^:9718^0B:6-1#14(+$<(+0B14(+0B^02$'9
O 1 8O ! 3 o l
U O
%5Ppr186-5714(+0`(+67(8029-O Uy4 lF
U
2
0
1
9
'(
/
+
(
*
N
,
:9
`
A
p
6
+
1
'
$
'
O
N
,
'"
W
i
=
X
V
O
\
V
Y
"
B
V
V
97,o'")0`(+1=U$ :&67(+0BA20Be$<(802:9LAB02,1
020291E0B(+(8*-1S,T6-9-^h*D0Bsz$'6-&+$<,o^G14(+02,GO:&89D0Be$k$<(+(86-02&4:9,'im!Rf'"/*702$U^h*~.-0B(+1467(8&8&8029-57167'6(+0B7:9(SW(8V5H5>EFp,N(+,*-Id0B(+1o&4,0B(N=02,1#A`pw=6-,14$',G9P"Q(o6-AF(8*D029U$<(oK-&8,|>$'d^h02*9-OT.-0B^14,(8&3&8(h0257$'670B9w(+0B(+:9*7B,@X:&1N4=,G(+V_0BO7^VX$'"YAV
&8,G186-A`(+1G?V
N'(8,o(+*D$k(KWVXO-VX"YV$<A218TKF:1418,G181(+*70216-9702sz 6-,97,181K7&8:K,&3(qp~K-&4!'"C<")Rf*-02^h*rA20B,1/029w(8*-,RS$|p
*
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
+
+
+
% t f; ! o l pO% O o l Q5zpt(8*-,gA@$R'"679-^:9718^0B:6-1#14(+$<(+0B14(+0B^02$'9
%t f; l pO% O 1 8O ! 3 o l
U
N|R A2,( 6-1 O:,( 5D$'^hun(8 ^_ % `yQ UcfeMF%W;gChV *-,&4,LRS,L*D$<.{14*-|Rf9{(8*D$<((8*-,L&+$<9-.-:=
><$'&802$'[5-AB, *D $'1tF!=VV_O7abVX"Y*DV $k(S8O0B1/! V(8*-,N
NKl|RV_.WV\"Y^V:9'"-1402a.-i,G&~! 0297^0 ,#VX0 VX=i.WV?VXO-V\^G"Y:KV-'"0BW,1(8*-,#J186-=G 0 VX0 VX'".WV&8$'9-$'.-9-:=. (8*-><,$'0B&4&~0@$'18576-A2=,1
021N(+*-,H= VXO-VX"YVg'"(8*-021o&+$'9-.7:= ><$'&40@$'57A2,T&8$'0214,.
(8w(+*-,LK|RS,G& mW0`(0B1^AB,$'&o(8*D$<((8*-,H=V_O7VX"YVg'"
021QE 8O ! G Rf*-02^h*i021f1+$<=U,M$'1f(+*D$<(N'"] RE,M13(h$'&3(+,.iRf0B(+*lV *z6-1o5Ppr= O%(+*-,O N9702sz6-,97,181oK-&8:K,&3(qpr'"
0B" b V
=V_O-V\"YV`m7(+*-,gKWVX.WV\"YV'" S1+$p7f=H6714(f,sz6D$<A 1 = O%4 Z3 <
0B" 4
^_ `Q #i S:9-180B.-,&$
.70218^G&8,(+,t&+$<9-.-:=>'$<&80@$<5-A2, Rf0B(+*KlV_=VX"YVt; lF O o < "Q'&lb
(+7*7,H'J"%!$'^G((8*D"Q:&$<l( 18:= ,KD $'&8 $'=U,(+ ,GV & *-0B17&+V $<9-.-*D:=$<(C(8*->'02$<1W&80B0@1C$<5-$A2A2,,O'0210B(+180B=w$'02.
$k(+,C(8~"KWVXQ=i:A2V\AB"Y|RV;"Q'A$ 2A2|R6 f1F02 =GF=U ,G.-.-0@02$<13(+(8&4,02A`5-p67"Q&8(8:=02:9
<
o
o
RfW0B(8md*n(8*-KD02$<1&+.-$'0B=14(+,G&4(802,5-& 6!(+02'9$'W9-m:.nRf0B*-1f02^h.-*U,9-021<(+:9,-.n,#5z'"prF(+ *-,#
=U]'14:0(/B180214=:9CKF'& 4(h$<V 9z ().702u<0218,^G&8(8,*-(+, ,#>SK-0B&89-:5:=-$'5-0@$'02ABAF0B(q&pTV\>=UVd.'"-,^AB1_ m: Rf`0BA2AD5Q,
145P(8p 6-.-0B,.
0B9n.-,(h$'0BA;0B9i(8*-,T9-,JId( ^h*D$'K7(8,&GVj *7,T=V_O-V\"YVf'"$;:021418:9) #&+$<9-.-:= ><$'&802$'5-AB,0B1NO'0B>:,G9
4E ! O - ! o %l o ; O - l !; o O ,JI!K E ! G
o
o
N|R^:971802.7,&
0B9-.-,GKF,G9-.-,9P
(
;:021418:9 &8$'9-.-:= ><$'&802$'5-AB,1iRf0`(+*?q
M
;:021418:9; %M"Q:& H
A2:6:|R7Jfd(S0B(+9-*-OU,(8+.7*-02,H14UV (8KD&8
N0B$'5-&8<(67$'+(+=,i0B:9,G(8w(+*D,G$<<"&N(U<"y6(+M *-@_1~,H $'.7&802,14 (8&802 9-0B5- .767,y(+K0B,:99-!.-%V,G9PMco(r(81f~^5-$Th67*D=(~$''(9797+'(O:0`w><,T$<0BRf(+.-0B0B,9-(89POM*j(8025-H8^VN$'$<^hA2auzABpO:,L&8.-:6$<027&813,T9-(+&8.r0B0B9P5-02(+679t,(8&45-,,. 6-13(+14,$'029-.1,G180BRS9n1f,
$'DK7$'O:&8K-67,nA2&80B02^$'97$kA`O vv
(+(+0B,G:9A2,W>!mD0B0B18=w0B:9$'~O'18029-,(+,1fp'18:6'A
2.t|R5Pfp~9n(+y*7, &8,GH%v(+(8$'*t02A)14,G(8A2:&,G8^G, (+&4*D:9$<-1f0B^$13](+:&:04B,181N18'9029
.7$0214^(80`&8(q0Bp5-67$'(+9-0B.n:9x(8*-Q0B,(.D-$'(8021A`pt"%$'9z02&46-AB=HpL5RE,,&#ABAW'",/= K- 02U&402^G^:A$'2A2:&A`p
$KD'1$'&8RS$'=,GA2AN,G(+$',G1w& 14:=MUm$',9-(+.*-,Gp':&:68,(+$'0B^&8$',wA#029P$'(+&4,GO:&86-,=13(+,,G9P. (~0B^9$'9(+*7,~$'AB18.-50213(+&4,n025-K76767(802(w:9y"Q:&'"3(+f* (+*-029 ,U(+"%$'(>'+$':&ASw9z'"6- =H(8*-502,1&T='"o!.- ,GA
T^GRf:A0B2(8:&*
(+0B(f,GA2'6,7>!(f0B180B02:91w5Ppr14,G6-(+11402149-:AOL2.w(+*75z,p~=$'A2VXAO-(+VX"Y*7V],Rf18,o*-
02^h*14(802:&1f8,G.-1:97029w,M(8$<*-1,"Q:A^0`2(qABRpwf'91GtV $TyO:VXO-0`>:VX"Y,V9t<".-$|p'V 0B1 O:*-0B,>',,9r$<185P02,Gp 14(RS$pw(8 HDO:6-&4,
Q4
!
! 1 7 7 4 3
-*
-*
+
+
]
%5Ppr0B9-.-,K,97.-,9-^G,M<"] 3:
,I!K
8,JI!K - G %180B9-^,g=V_O7VX"YVc<" ;:021418:9C %MS021,I!K M E ! G
,I!K D
-P
,I!K E ! G
Q1+$p:mDRf*-,G&8, t M# %M
$'9-*-. 0B1RE021c, ^GA2*-,$<$|&8>'AB, pM02K7.7&8,|>9P:(+,G0`. D,.$'9 $'1c02=(8*-K,:&=i4(+VX$'O-9PV\"Y(V&8'",GF18$ 6-A`]('0Rf218*-14:902^hC* F1+$&8pd$'1{9-.-(8*D:=$<(x><0`$'"&802"Q$''&5-A2,<H V *z6-:1 h!
;+]:02mH14186:9)M
]'021814:9C %MS$'9-.~ J4T$'&8,0B9-.-,GKF,G9-.-,9P((8*-,9~ ' f{
]:0B1814:9C %, -PJV
! ! 4
E ! G
E!
BB) E ! G
Dl7C3zDY lDYE
ab0 VX0 VX*-.W0BV;A2,186-==V_O-m:V\:9"YV;702,1W=w>:,G$ &4p:&6-14K-,G&4"Q:56--APAB"Q,:&= C^hRf*D0B$'(+&8*T$'^G0B(c(8,0B&4102(+e*-0B9-$<ON(c$#0`(c.-=U0B14$|(8pM&802579-67'((+c0B,:9I!W02m|13=(#:=$'U1,G0299P(C^^_ $'AB%^`6-A2]$<(+%0B :9g$'9-V .*D"$'9-^G:6.7-A202&89714O,
0B'("78(+*-*-,,E& =U6-14:=,1g,=9P(8,19P(+.-0B9:9-7,'(.xc,J$<I75F0B|>14:( D, O:=i,(+VXO-1 V\"Y*DV]$<=U9-.-$02pM^$'97K-'(Kc,5.{,S$'6-114,RE.H,"QAB:&Ac]029^:=146-^hK-*y67(+^$<$'(+180B,G:91V '"=U*702'=1 U^$<,GA29zA2(81N1]"Q57:& 67($'0B9-(8<(1;+(q*-RE,G&
^9-$<:9K-d18vq6-9-AB,G,tOP$<Rf(+*-0`>:02,^h* 029PRf(+,G02O:A2A,&$'AB><RS$'$AB6-p!,1.i,JI7&+$'0B149-(.7"Q:=:&}$'><9P$'p&802$'&5-V\>A2,GVB1V,m7Rf
N*7<(+02^h,t*(+$'*DA`$kR($(8pd*-1#,r,I!KW02VX13O-(+VX1"YmV 5-1867,G(N&4>'*-,,G1U&8,M(8*-RE,,MK-$'6-&8,&8KA2:1d4:u,rz02"Q9-'&O
"Q:&f$L180B=U0BA@$'&/(+d:AF"Q'&f$'9n$<&85-0`(+&+$<&4p~&GVX>V`V
RS$'&4.-1/(8*-021,G9-.Wmd029-13(+,$<.<"W&8,Gsz6-02&4029-O (+ D97. ! 0`"l:97,#14,,Gud1 M M ! mPRf*-,&4X, H] M:m
(+*7,9
(+*7,HK-&8M'5-A2,G= 0B1o18'AB>:,G.WV *-021N0215,^$'6-14,'mWM 5Pp 6-AB,L& @_10B.-,9P(80B(qp ! ^:1Qq{[ HP180B9CQqx
$'9-.
(8*z6-1 """ ! """ P g M $'9-.*-,G9-^, O """ ! """ c lF l{ O c lF l{ 4 AB,$'.-0B9-OU(8
(+*7,^G:9-^GA26-1402:9t(+*-$<5( ! $'A`R$pd1f,I!0213(+1f"Q:&f$'9Ppt&GVX>VV
qx;h]g'|%33+Dm-:&W^']V\"Y V "Q:&*-,o18"Q*767:&9-4^G((8mD02:9'"](8*-Q,g4&+$' 97.-:= M !><$'k&40@mz$'Rf5-*-AB,o,G&8, VH; M:m!021E^$'ABA2,.(+*-,o C-D'|zk G%
o
T
1
8
1
,
G
,
9
'
$
F
5
|>
'
t
,
'
^
\
V
Y
"
V
'"
N
n
$
&
\
V
>
y
V
<
$
B
A
S
R
|
$
d
p
H
1
J
,
!
I
2
0
4
1
8
(
1
V
9P(+,G&8,13(+0B9-O:ABp'mcRf*-,9(8*-,~=:=U,G9P(+1H,JI70B14(H(8*-,14,
^,I!$<9
KD$<$'9-AB.-185,.F,g(+*-^G,g:=U=K7V_O767VX"Y(+V`,Gm-.i,I!"Q&8KD'=$<9-.-(+02*-97,O^'(8V\*-"YV,g^'67V\"Y14V(NRE$'1#,g02O:9,G( ^$'14,M'"](+*-,g=V_O7VX"YV`V w14,,g(+*-0B1m 6-13($<1fRE,T*-$'.
I Hq{ (
H( ( (
D
%
H
q
H
M
4U ! 'H%q ; &N; ) H+~
; &N;
18(+*-$<(
:: H %PU w n H PU H 1 8 3 %PY b P
&
* !E?* >*REO*RC)+ * 2H?C-\Z!?#+#Gx Y C !?I"*@ w7w-)* !$>@m!$^ wBJO+>B?2f G\ * +7\|!x Y * K/?C mK(G#G*
*M}!?\ G>G>uv w n /))J!$#bK~* !$#G#bC-*. *R>~+P2H?C/ *f n @ n 2 n IR!O*D!$>@72H?C/-* n \ n 2 n IR!O*o *f*)GE0!$#G*R>(C *)# "
!$C-*2HO)>@ Y x[C *.#w!?IMG>uZ-*a @ 2 -*RC-\ 698H:=<?: K(+ L-*a \ 2 8;:=< !$>@S-* +> *.u?C"!$#K(+ )\ \|!$ G?> *
2H)>IM G?>7A 8 < $2z!,C n E n K(+ n Bn n n @ n 2 n 698;:=< G/ !?G@ -a!EO*o!n Jn >n -*o *R}N=*.IM-!$ G?>^OC +-~\ *!$>7-!$w@ v*M}Qw5/n2z !?>@
?>#+x^+2 A 8H:b< 698H:b< O"
: ! # c G>[K(GI"[IR!O*$&% A 8 <(' V A 8H:b<698H:b<O: n
o
1
+
(
*
U
,
D
9
'
$
=
w
,
4
1
6
:
O
:
O
G
,
4
1
+
(
T
1
:9
w
,
U
=
$
:&
6
8
1
'
$
:
O
w
,
<"
'
^
\
V
Y
"
i
V
B
0
M
1
8
(
n^
h
D
*
'
$
8
&
'
$
G
^
8
(
,
4
&
2
0
e
w
,
n
$
.
B
0
4
1
+
(
4
&
2
0
5
!
6
+
(
2
0
'9
W
V
>Epx(+*D$k(
RE.-0B,L14(+=U&4025-,$'6!9n(+02'9(+{*-$<"Q(o&4:=(8*-,H0B^h(+*D1M$'^'&8V\$'"Y^GV (8,6-&4021314((802$'^T1T"Q670B99-^G^(8$<02:918
,~'"<"f/$w=.-VXO-02VX13"Y(+V&4025-%0B679(802^:9$<i18,~021N0`(H6-9-,02I!sz0B6-14(+,H1+$'V 9-.N1L:9-$n,M=U^$'$<9(8(80B,.-&,9P'"(80B""%pi$'^$ (
O:,I!0`>:K-,&49,14(818*-02'9,i^''"V\"Y;V (+*7,Q4^<oVX"Y<"V ]$t &SV\>:9VL-0B, (81 '57=i(h$'VXO-0B9-V\"Y1V (+*7, Q4=ioVX O-V\"Y]V3$'59-H.r4
(+*z 6-
1f0B(5Pp021149-6-15-138(+670B&8(8K-67(+&4020B189-,Ox(8X*D$<H%o(f"Q^<:&VX"YV029702*-9,&4(+0B*7(+,1
$^'&4ABA70214(+KW*-5V ,f>EK-pr&4:K(+*D,$<&4(#(802,GRE1,T'"=W$<,9U$'9i=:9V_O7-VX,T"YV`V^$' 9n9(+O'*-,G,f( ^$<$'9n18,#,I!'"K-FAB^'02^GV\"Y0BVc(f*-"Q:&|R8S=T,6->:,GA@$H&E(+"Q:&*7#,#&8^h,G*-^$'|>&+:$',G^&8(+02,G97&8Ow02e(+$<*-(+,M0B:9^'VX.W021V\"Y$gV A2U0`(8+ (+jABf,SO'=0B>::&,G89 ,
0B9-(8:91gd^'vqV\9-"Y,GV OP]$<(+Q0`4>:,gm 026-9P13(8(T,O:$<,G1M&:9>'7$<,A26-*-,G.$'1T&8$'$t9-.-.-0B'=&8,G^G(g><$'"Q:&&8028$'=T5-6-A2,<A@$tV '"E*-,&8,G&8^,G|>18:6-,GA`&8(0297RfOi*-02(+^h*7*,U,KW9DVX$<=5-VXA2"Y,GV1N"Q:9&87:=,(+.(+*--,1KW8VX0O-V\2"Y9rVw^'"$'S14$,
'";(+*-,g^<VX"YV021^$'A2AB,.~(8*-,g029P>:,G&8180B:9r(+*-,G:&8,G=}'"]^'V\"YVRf*702^h*021 6-13(N13(h$<(8,.5F,GA2|RRf0`(+*-'67(#$LK-&8d'"YV
: 'F3 2 <+D .10k+ 2'3 * 7 2 0 %+2 %zh3 2P PY ] P3+D ! " ]Q4021(8*-,^h*D$'&8$'^G(8,&80B14(802^L"Q6-9-^Jv
(+0B:9r'"$^<V_.lVX"YV U+ $<9-. w S021^G:9P(+0B9d67:6-1f029t(+*7,0B9P(+,&3><$'A/I lU k l E(8*-,9
UI l G UI lU
A20B= O
180B9 J OVM ! o Q4
6-13($'1/029^$<18,o<"l(+*7,NKWVXO-V\"YV$'9-.U=iVXO-V\"YVBmP(8*-,N^<VX"YVc$'A214MO:0`>:,G1E:97,o$'9U,$'13p*D$'9-.-AB,f:9w0V_0V_.WV;1867=U1GV
" J4L$'&8, 0V_0V_.WV]Rf0B(+*^'V\"YV 4S(+*-,g^'V\"YV'"](+*-,g1867= b $ 8 L021fO:0`>:,G95Pp
M ! U M ! 1 7 7 4 3 Y M ! : M ! 4 4l
4 ]Q4Y
Q4U
= O (802=,1
/
(
+
(
*
B
0
1
6
7
9
G
^
+
(
7
6
8
&
o
,
`
0
/
(
8
1
*
:6
7
2
A
.
F
5
#
,
U
=
G
,
P
9
+
(
2
0
'9
,
.
+
(
D
*
<
$
/
(
+
(
7
*
N
,
U
=
$
:&
6
4
1
o
,
'"
l
'
^
\
V
Y
"
V
2
0
1
Q
"
:&
/
K
8
&
|>
d
2
0
9
g
O
+
(
7
*
,
:&
4
G
,
+
(
B
0
^
'
$
A
&8KW,GVX18O-6-V\"YA`Vc(+1G$'V 9-.&8=:=V_O7VX(+"Y*-V`CV ,\#$'RK7EK-,GA2>'0B^,$<&(8"Q02:9:&icK-KF&4:0|>B!9P0B( 9-O '"/(+*->!,G0B,G:&R 8,(+0B0B( ^$'0B1A!&8,,9714:66--AB(8O:1*x029L(+t5O:,G9-,H,&8"%$'$'=A-^02$'A20218$',G&1mdRf:90B-(8*x,,(897*-^,L:6-9-9P'(8(802,:9&8711(+*7'",
KayD$<,o(8*-18:A*-B$':OA2'AprK-&8'"|>'9-,'9:9!-vq,N,JI7180B6-14(8^h,*r9-&8^G,G,H186-'"A`(mz=RfV_O-*-V\02"Y^hV*w$<029-1S.
,JId029n(+&8,G18=U6-^h,G*ABp140B02(+=6-K$<(+:&0B4:9(+-$'1N9P(/(8*-"Q&4,M:=(8!'A$';K-(8K-*DAB$<02^($<0B(+1o0B:96-14,KF.:0B0B9P1N(S(+'"*7),H>d^'0B,GV\"YR VBV
$'i1REp ,`ABA)D$'1.-"Q0B&814'=(8&80257=67(+'(0B+:90`W>'$km(+02029i'9w(8*-K,L,&89-14,JKFI!,G(^G(8^h0B*D>:$',gK7'"(8,C&(8mW*-Rf,g*7=U02^h:1*3(&8,G"%$'sz=6-02:6&4-,111413:=(h$<U(802,T13(+K-02^&8,G$'A2Al02=.70202149-(8$'&80B&85-0B,671(+0BRf:9~*-0B^^h*$'A2AB02,1o.~5(+,*713,(
02$'9P9-(8.&8d.13-(h6-$<^(8,G,~.:902-9
,U(8(+*-*-02,G1N:&1886-,G5!=v18,GRf^G0B(+(80B*-:9:6x7:9(TK-&8^hd*D'"$'Y&8m$'^GRf(8*7,&402^h0214* (80202^T1"Q>:67,9-&3^Gp(8026-:9W14,GV "Q6- AE*z"Q6-:&1 TREK-&4,L|>!18*D0B9-$<O
A2A(+O'*70B>:,,T:&4:9,G-(+0B,H^$'.-A/,&8D,G9-180`6-(+A`02(+'91Gm
$'.19-0.k$'+12'=* ,9P67(+0B18:90297-O,G.(8*-$'025F1|>(8'*-,f,RE'&8,f,18= *D$<0BA29tA-K-(+*-&4|>,g:9-,f,J:9I!-(#,f^h18*D67$<^hK7*(+,G(8&*-V ,:&4,G(802^$<A-&8,G186-A`(^$'ABA2,.H(8*-, M'/ 2 %+-
*3
1><+x$<$'02h&8.t02g$'(+5-AB3,3:+DRfz 0`(+k;*
n^<V_.ldVX18"Y,GV g;sdU67G,|+ 9-kj#^G%],i0`")'"#;%&8-$'xI 9-lF:&.-hf:=:$'1 ><$w$'&8z1402,k$'sz5-6-nA2,G,1U97 ^|,%'"d} &8|'&,# $'f A;:Rf9dF670B (8=HF*5Fz,G&8
1 *D^GH:9$P>!z>:0B9-,WO&4O:Qx,^'1VX.W(+$(8V\"YV LU&+C$<I DlF9- f.-M:="Q'&0B1
,G>',&3p~^'9z(8029z6-0`(qpUK:0B9z( lr'" U+ JV 9t1867^h*r$T180`(+6D$<(802:9(+*-,N^:9P>',&8O',9-^G,0B1S.-,G9-'(8,.t5PpU
:& '&4 :& C V
.- ,G9- '(%+, (8M*-,g- ^''FV\"Y3V/2<"$l]:(8 *-k,g ^'VX.1.WVX0]"YV <+ U2<+ 3 j* m7(8 *-),9,G( ;D D4U.-,0B97"]'($'+9-,
.(8:9*--,
A`p~^'V\0`"Y" V DD'" 4 (+*7 ,]^'VXQ.W4VX? "YV C DgUV $<9-. 4
5,ay0297,gO-<"9-]0214(8*r*-,(8:&*-402,G1f(80214^6-$<5!AWvq9D14,$<^(8(+6-02'9&8,g.-%,G$'=U1RS:97,G14A2AC(+&8$'$<1(+0B(89-*-OL021fRS^h,*D$'$<utK7(+^,G'9&hzS>'Rf,&40BO:(8*i,9-$L^G,'^GV :6-K-AB,<",JI-$<=UK-AB,1Gm7(+*-,gA2$'14(f:97,
.
.
]% c eTF|WCgh i *-,g^'V\"YV'";(+*-,g&V\>V*-,&4,M0B1O:0B>',9r5Pp
Q4 M
!
O M ! o c lF l
%5Pp~(+*7,A2$R'"]6-9-^G:9-14^02'6-1N13(h$<(80213(+02^G0@$'9D
O 1 8OVM ! 3 o l
U H O
Q5zp~186-5-13(+0`(+67(8029-O U H%4 lF
U H
N<(+, (+*D$k(
]35 H U H+35H .H U
N14029-OL(8*-,g^'V\"YV
H
""
""
~
F H %P H UJ
H% """ ! - H UJ H%4 """ ! -
"
=
H
"
"
"
H %P H UJ
(
"
"
H4 "" ! - H H4 "" ! -
18(+*-$<X( W~
Y b DD ~
@ * * *
^_ `Q Bi S:9-1402.-,G&N(8*-, >S0B9-:=0@$'AF&V\>V#0B9P(+&8d.-6-^G,.
0B9 ^_ % `]% WV :&fx'J!DA2,G(
>S0297:=U02$'AQQ -:
# Rf*-,G&8,,$'^h* $'&4,0 VX0 VX.WVWRf0B(8* RfRf0B0B(+(+*r*rK-K-&4&4:5:5DD$'$'57570202A2A20`0`(q(qpMp97m m
Rf(+*-*-$<,G(H&86, (+*7mG,r9 A20B=H y77-qV y
# R !V $'18
#146-R=U,L(+(8*7*-,t,sd1867,,sz146-(8,G02:99-^,0B1T-r.-(021 +14*76-,^h18*y,~(8*D$<(g@_1LAB02^G=H:9P >:,G &8O:!,r702r9 .70214(8&80B5-677(+6V 0B:9
Ny'((88,
$(+'*79P,pzRf9-,*-Id,(f&4,'^hm]*D$'$<9-K7.(+,G0`&"Em-145-~(6!(+~R9-|Rf*-0BRS^h*x,14.-*D0213$'(+AB&8AF0BK-5-&467,(81402,:99Py(N $Tay.-0B,LF18,*-&4,$'9PA2A](K-K-&8&4|>!d<"02C.-67,(+$~0BA202=eG029-:&4O ,H(8.-*-02,o&4,ay^( ,$'K-uw&8dS'":9/P'">:,G(+&8*7O:,G0219-^0B9 ,
*-,G:&8,G= 029P>':AB>d0297Oi(+*7,~^h*D$'&8$'^G(8,&80B14(802^w"Q6-97^G(+0B:9WVnay,~ 5,O:0B95Pp^G:=K-67(+0B9-O 4 Q4m\(+*7,t^'V\"YV
'"
7?V
#'(+, (8*D$<(f180B9-^, @X1#$'&8, 0V_0V_.lV 4 Q4 dQ4 m-Rf*7,&8, z40B1(+*-,g^<VX"YV'" O:0B>',9r5Pp
d4/ M !
M ! -5 M ! mGM - M ! Yf
-P - E M ! 8Gf
*-,G&8,G"Q'&8, 4 Q4y x- M ! V 9:&8.-,G&t(+,><$'A26D$k(+,xA20B=T 4 4tRE,y5,O'0295zp
^'9-180B.-,&4029-OA20B=T A2'O E 4 Q4 G V
A20B= AB:O E 4 4 G
AB02= A2'O x-] E M ! G
( M
(
l
M
M
!
!
!
AB02= 7 E G E G & E G ) %$'1nAB:OY JlF)l~
^X_ %`
*
+
(
l
& d
"Q:& l 4?$'97. """ 7 E M ! G """ 4f "Q:&146 ^0B,9P(+A`ptA@$'&4O:,{$'1 """ M ! """
L$'9-. A20B= -MP
AB02=
Q!-: E M ! G -f%!7P E M ! G & Q!-: E M ! G (
E M ! G %$'1 A202= Q!-: E M ! G E M ! G AB02= %d-:/ E M ! G $<9-.
AB02= S R O% %!7P E M ! 8 G R S E M ! 8G R A20B= %!7P AB02= R O% S E M ! 8G R
/T S '
!0B9-^,~AB02=H AB:O E 4 4 G H M ! m0`(T"Q:ABA2|Rf1M(8*D$<(mA202=M 4 Q4L,I!Kg H M ! |J
$'9-.g$'(+1*7(8021;*-,g021)^',V\$<"YV/1802<"A`p &8;,G:0^2:O14'18:99-C02e $'F5-A2,/&GVX$'>1)V(802*-1,EO:^<0`>:VX"Y,GV]9i'"D5Pp$ ]'021814:9C FW.-0B14(+&4025-6!(+02'9Wm029P(+&4!.-67^,.029 ^_ `Q
Q4 O - M ! o l o ; O - l M ;! o O b,I!K E M ! G
o
o
*z^6-:91)PRS>:,G,&8O:*D,G$1H>',/(+(14*-+|R*-f,U9^'(8V\*D"YVi$<()'"(8#*-$,^']V\"Y:0V]B18<"14N:9>EC02 9-:=.70@02$<14A%(8%&80B5--67(+'0Bl:918W,V sz6- ,G*-9-,G^&8,/,Rf"Q:&0B8(8,~*5P(+*-p{,(+K-*-&4,:Ka,&4,(q$'puyA202S=M:9 P>: ,G&8!O:-,G9-M^ ,
*-,G:&8,G= >S029-'=U02$'AQ%] -: ;:021418:9C FK-&4|>!0B.-,.A20B=T !7M )V
5(+ *7,P, 0297
#Ow6-^G18:==H67U^5^K-,,G$'&f189P13'""Qpr6-cAc*D!026-$'1N1o^G^7A2,$'V &7146-14V 9-"Q6-o^hA*714,18j.6-&8=d.-U-,T6-K-(+^&8*-d.(+1f$<-(N6-5F^(8,g(+*-1.-,Tml,GK79-$'9-&8'(d.8.
-,.nAB6-,G^G(f5P(8p~1o(+*75,T,V*DK-&4$o:5>'9-D,H13$'RS025-9-,G0B.7A2&N0`,(qK(+pt*7,'",g9-.-"Q'A,G$'9P29PA2(+p|RABfpi:90B-9-'",O ,'"$'c^h(8*
*-,T'(8K7*-&8,d.&G-V 6-)^G,(81(
A2<((+*-,gK-&4:5D$'5-0BA20`(qpw=U$'181"Q679-^G(802:9r'";V
ab*D$<(#021(8*-,g,I!KF,G^G(8,.i><$'AB6-, '";
ab*D$<(f0B1(+*-,g=:14(fAB02u<,ABpU><$'A26-, <"]
g AB'((+*7,^<V_.lVX"YV'";$'9-.rD9-.r(+*-,g=,.-02$'9r$'9-. k?'"]V
0297.r(8*-,g14(+$'9-.D$'&4.i.7,G>d0@$<(802:9t<"]V
7
*
M
,
4
1
*
:K
!
:&
f
'"
c
$
%
"
<
$
G
^
+
(
'&
4
t
p
D
*
<
$
X1 -=w$<^h*-029-,G1V ($'9PprO:0`>:,G9nK:029P(f'"](+02=,(+*7,MK-&4:5D$'5702A20`(+0B,1
$ !
1.0
c.d.f.
0.4 0.6
c.d.f.
0.4 0.6
0.7 (
0.1 (
0
0.0
0.5 (
0.2
0.2 (
0.2
0.0
0.8
0.8
1.0
1
0
1
2
3
1
0
1
2
3
!"
x #%$ '&)(+*,
.-!,/0123$41!)657)
.89&:
;
x&!17<=
>%?
@BADC EF18GHI<J%KL;1
/-!"!
'M18N
>PORQS0&UTVWQ<1"E
/X1E8Y )E )F
Z [.]\^ \$_1E`baPcRQSMd1E`fegcQd!1\-!Fd1E`ihjcR? C E<!#
.
/!d1k)!d
/
/
/l18NTHV.mnQd )
\
P8o PI<Jpg
/>LMOrqts1Q)1
.
/;u1P18B P )P2Qd;!
/-1vTHV3Q
/g,w
/>LKORQS1,7)>L>L1
/x#v
v P8y!/\$
);u1)1z
{L`yTHV.mn\| TVfc
THV.mn~}
a
)?
)?
)?.s
)?
)?
)?
)?
)?
)?
THVr
a
Y /# H7 / / /7>`y>;! /d19cj!d1 / .3&"# / )7) /!184THV [b^b^
`i%1
.-1w
1 zW<1 )$ dQr
/8Y E d0-I
/!D8 E:<J"
/X1J-:
1kQr -!7I
1//&p u186 )I<JU$
/ X )1-1u1
/
/!%!1
/
/
j$
/ d0-!
#
/
7I
1k?c
I[9[bR[9:
kAC 7>p8E#\&:v
.J1p#0 "
/K18,\&:>'v8ut:d1D7)
/
7
/>L:#d1o1)# d1P>018lL#d0&:Q>#
118~p#\&:P#+1)18l)?L#d0&:?,aK$lP )
8y!/\$
;)z
A
A
d,7,/
>
/K18G H7>P18l#d0&:, !7)#&!!771H%1+:d17/
$
d57G7>
/#u
6)
8y!Nd0&I>'Q d6&1!7H1!!_<21
/ dw
Y
/$l!7/#
;!</01#%&v d(
A
IJ< "1X1\I
/> 1F18o ,#
/
)7)
/!kQ) \$
; ,<0,18Y1<
)?
*
r
,
^
:1
3
(
'"
#
w
=
'
$
z
9
7
6
%
"
<
$
G
^
+
(
7
6
8
&
2
0
7
9
O
'
$
9
p
Q
"
6
7
9
G
^
+
(
B
0
:9
'"
l
m
.
,
9
<(
+
2
0
7
9
~
O
+
(
*
,
'
$
=
:6
P
9
o
(
'"
+
(
2
0
=
t
,
Q
2
0
9
*
'6
8
&
+
1
N
B
0
(
+
(
'
$
'
u
G
,
1
i0B9-02=H67=
.
.
&
o9714RE,&f(+*-, "Q:ABA2|Rf029-ON
0B9-.t(+*-,g*-,G02O:*P(f'"](+*-, (8&+$'K,eG026-=V
029-.t(8*-,g^'VX.WVX"YV'";V
ab*D(8K$<(#0B:01fB9z(8*-(5,>ZK- &8:5-$'5-02AB0B(qp(+*D$k(o0`(Rf02A2AF(h$'u<,T$<(#AB,$'13(X-*-:67&81f"Q:&#$DAB, (+=U|>:,g"Q&8'=}KF'029P(
g ab*D$<(#021(8*-,gK-&8:5-$'5-02AB0B(qp(+*D$k(f0B(Rf0BA2Al(+$'u',g5,G(qRE,,9:V (8Q&!V *-:67&81"Q:&f$LDA2,(8=|>:N,
0297.r(8*-,g=U,$'9$'9-.=U,G.-0@$<9r$'=U'6-9P(f'"](802=,0B((+$'u',G1#"Q'&f$L-A2,(+=|>:,'V
ab0`(+*-0B9t*-|R =w$<9zpw*-:6-&41 '";(+*7,g-A2,1*-$|>',M=|>:,G."Q&4:=}K:029P( ?(+K:029P5( >|
D&4AB,,$'1T^h*-*-0B$|9->'O,~KF5'0,2,9P95( >0B9-0B5P(8p0@$<(8|,L.x97"Q!&8:9:=lV K:029P( }$<(w| yV ),( .-,G9-'(8,w(+*-,w9d67=H5F,G&T'"(8*-,14,
% #ab0B9-*D.t$<(+(#*-02,g1KW(8*-VX=i,gV\=U"YV'1'"4(f A20Bu'V ,GABpU9d67=H5F,G&M%:67(#'" S'";DAB,1f&8,$'^h*-0297OK:0B9z5( > 5PpxH9-d:9y
% X\N
|R
=w
$<9zp>'$<%A26-'"E,<V (+*-, .-ip':6
c(8n&8,$'^h*K:0B9zP( >5zp t9-d:9y 9P(+,&4K-&8,(H(+*7,
%
A@kf$<1&8O:V ,f$'^97'&.8Kkf:&+1$<V`:(8,N0`A@"l$'(8uz*-*-,1Gm7$'D979-9d.6-$'(+A*-1+,g$'A2.-$'0B&414p(8&8'"0257l67(+(+*-0B,f:9~(+:K'"U;=w(+*-$<,G9D02&$'O:K-,G&4=U!.7,G6-9z^G(/(80B0B1E>d0B6-(qp'97V 0B"Q:&4=UA`pH.-0B14(+&4025-6!(+,.U5F,(qRS,G,9
$'"' ;9- .r(+*-14,gK-*-=U&8, ,$'$'KW9z.rVX67.W>"%V\'"Y$'V,^&M(+'"6-C &4(+,*-.,5-&8,6-$'|p.-d0B6-1m1+W$''"18"QC:&145-6-67=14p:=02d9-1fOL, =U(+ *-$'$<9z(67(+"%$'*-$'^G,(89-p6-. &8$',G&8.t, 5PKpt7,&3V $T"Q,^K-0B(N9-&4!^.~14GK-,(+*-*-14,G1#, &80B,.71E1G02V (814&8(80@&8$<0B5-9-67O:(+6-0BA2:9$'~&mz'"^C,G(89P*-(+,, &4>:,.i:AB6-$<=U( ,
d
6
K
K
:1
8
w
,
8
(
*
~
,
4
1
6
K
K
`
A
y
p
G
^
6
4
&
'
>
~
,
'"
#
$
K
8
&
d.
6
^
H
(
2
0
M
1
:
O
B
0
'
>
,
9
P
5
{
p
+
(
*
U
,
,
z
s
D
6
<
$
8
(
2
0
:9
Rf*-,&4,
: - &
-
r -
o9714RE,&f(+*-, "Q:ABA2|Rf029-NO
ab*D^G:=$k(iUK70B1~A2,G(+(8*-,.,{$<K-(f&4:5AB,D$'$'135-(0BA2(q0`RS(qp UK(8-*D&8$<(i,G$^G(810&+ $'97.-:=ABp ^h*7:18,G9(+&8$'0297,,021i p',$'&r:&r:AB.-,&r$'97.*D$<1
ab*D$<(;021W(8*-,K-&8:5-$'5-02AB0B(qp#(+*D$k(;$N p',$'&;:&):AB.-,&W(8&+$'0B9-,,*-$'1C^:=K-A2,(+,G.M$k(CA2,$<14()(qREoK-&4 ,^(+10
"$AB02u'&+,G$'AB97p'.-m-:=$'9-. ABp~c8^h%*7h:18,,GI!9nKF,G(+^G&8(8$',02.W9-,Gm,g$'O:*D,G$'1f1#'"^]:=(8*-K-, A2(+,&8(+$',G02.n9-,G$<Q, (N A2,$'14(f(qREwK-&4 ,^(+1GmRf*D$k($'&4,(8*-9, c8 hN=:14(
g 029-.y(+*-,t&4,O:&4,181402:9<" :9 $'9-. K-AB'(H0`(Vnay&80`(+,wp':6-&H^G:9-^GA26-1402:9 $'5:67(M(+*-,~RS$p$'O',
$<F,^(+1(+*7,9z6-=T5F,G&#<"K-&4 ,^(+1#^:=K-AB,G(+,G.r5zpt(8*-, (+&8$'029-,G,1GV
0297.r(8*-,g^:&4&8,GA@$<(802:9~^G!,^02,G9P(o5,G(qRE,,G9i $'9-. $'9-.029P(+,G&8K-&4,G(#0B(81>'$<A26-,<V
*-,M186-==U$'&4p'"^G:=K-A@$'0B9P(+1m&4,^,G0B>',.5Pp
$U.-,$'AB,&#'"/$UK-$'&4(802^67A@$'&#$'67(8:=:5-02AB,g^:=KD$'9Pp:m
^A2$'18140BD,G.n$<^^'&8.-0B9-OL(+L(+*-,g=!.7,A)$'97.r(8*-, (qpdKF,'"]K-&8:57A2,=021f$'1"Q:ABA2|Rf1
&4:5-AB,=
97O:029-, &+$'9-14=U0B181402:9 >S&+ $'u<, !6718K,9-1402:9 >Sd.7p o(+*-,G&
id.-,GA
)!6!=UI!6-$'&4A2A p
8
&
\#,$>zp
&
r
"%o$'5&GV |>:o,o9-(+13$'RS5-,GAB&#,#(80B1E*-, 5-$'"Q:A18,G2AB.tRf:90B9-O ' H!=U$'A2AmD|: )6!I!6-&4pw$'9-.r<:P \#,$>zpU>',*-0B^AB,1S14:A2.U5PpU(8*-,o.-,$'A2,G&E14
ab*-0B^h*i=d.-,AW0B1=U'14(fK-&4:5-A2,G=}K-&4:9-,Q
ab*-02^h*^:=K:9-,9P(mD02&8&4,14KF,G^G(+0`>:,g'";(+*-,g=!.7,A m!&8,Gsd6702&8,G1#$<(8(8,9P(+0B:9y
"$>',*-0B^A2, *-$'1#$w!6718K,9-1402:9K-&8'5-A2,G=imdRf*D$<(#021(8*-,gK-&8:5-$'5-02AB0B(qp(+*D$k(f0B(f021 \#,$>zp
g ab*D$<(#021(8*-,gK-&8:5-$'5-02AB0B(qp(+*D$k(#$ )6!I!6-&3pr^$'&*-$'1fK-&8:57A2,=Rf0B(+*r0`(+1 >S&8$'u'N,
ab*Do$<(+(o*702,1f&0 (+*-,HK7&8:5D$<5-02AB0B(qp~(8*D$<(#(+*-,HK7&8:5-AB,= '"/$K-&8'5-A2,G=w$<(802]^ \N,$>dp>:,G*-02^GA2,M021o^GA@$'14180`D,.$<1
ab*D=$k(02140218102'9(+t*7,NK-K-&8:5&47:5DA2,$'= 5702 A20`(qpH(+*-$<($^$'&/=U$'9z67"%$'^G(86-&8,G.~5Pp(+*-,N^:=KD$'9Pp021S!=U$'A2A$'97.w*D$'1 &8$'9-1Yv
ab*D$<(#021(8*-,gK-&8'5D$'5-0BA20B(qp(8*D$<(N$L^$'&f*D$'1 >E!.7p~K-&8:57A2,=
!,G&802'6-1fK-&8:57A2,=1$'&4, (+*-:14, Rf0B(+*t(8*-, 97O:029-,$'97.(8*-, &8$'9-18=0214180B:9WV
:
Ka
" $L^$'&f0B15-&8:67O:*P(f029tRf0B(8*i$U!,G&802'6-1K-&8'5-A2,G=Rf*D$<(#0210`(+1=:14(fAB02u<,ABpU=!.-,GA
oab*D$<(#021(8*-,gK-&8'5D$'5-0BA20B(qp(8*D$<(N$!=w$<A2Al'&f$ )6!I!6-&3pt^$'&f*D$<1od,&80B:6-1K-&4:5-AB,=
*-,9z6-=H5,&f'"1+$'AB,13vKF,G&814:9-1#029i$^G:=UK-$'9Pp:m-Rf*-0B^h*
$'1418,=T5-A2,G1NK,&418:9D$<A;^G:=K-67(+,G&81GmRf*7,9
^A2I!$'KF1814,G0B&8D02,G,G.9-^$',w^%^G&4:&:68-.79-029-.7On,.r(8
((+L(+*-+*-,G02,g&H9-7,$'$'A2&8,G,G1 14(Nkf9z,6-^'&=H85.,&f%='";,.7p:0@,$'$<9&81h9z6-02=T1f$<5F1f,G&H"Q'A'"2A2f|Rf=U1L$' ^h*-0297,1H14:A2.K,&T.D$p-H$<9-.
7$<A2I!,51K,kf&4,02,^G97:&^8,. &
- & &
- -
-
o9714RE,&f(+*-, "Q:ABA2|Rf029-NO
ab*DAB,$k$'(T13(f0B1g:9(8-*-, ,p:K-,$'&8'5&fD,$'I!5-KF0B,GA20B&8(q0Bpi,9-(+^G*D,Q$k (T$r&+$<9-.-:=ABpn^h*-:18,G91+$<A2,1YvqK,&418:9x"Q&8:= (+*-,^:=KD$'9Ppx*D$<1M$k(
ab*DAB,$<$'(13(f0B1N:9(8-*-,g,H=wK-$<&4^h:5*-D02$'9-5-, 0BA2'90`(qip~$(+*DO:$k0`>:( ,$w9r&8.D$'$9-p .- :=ABpr^h*7:18,G91+$'AB,13vKF,G&814:9
"Q&8:= (8*-,T^G:=UK-$'9Ppn14,A2AB1o$k(
ab*DAB,$<$'(13(f0B1:9(8-*-, ,Up:K7,&8$':5&fD,$<I!5-KF02,GAB0B&8(q0Bp,9-(+^G*D,T$<(T$'97$r.i&+14$',9-A2.7AB1f:=$<U(fA`pA2,$'^h14*-(f:14'9,-9,g18=w$'A2$',G^h13*7vKF029-,G, &818:9'9iy$L"Q&8O:'=0B>',9(+*-.D,$p^'= UKD$<9zpx*-$'1T$k(
g ab*D$<(H0B1M(8*-,wK-&4:5D$'5702A20`(qp
(+*-$<(T'9$nO:0`>:,9.D$p:m$n18$'A2,G13vKF,G&818'9Rf0B(8*:9-,w:&M=:&4,p',$'&41H'"
,JI7K,&402,G9-^,18,GA2A21f$k(fA2,$<14((qREU=U$'^h*-0B9-,1
ab*D*D$<$<(#1N02$k1(f(8A2*-,,g$<14K-(f&8:5:9--$', 5-p'02,AB0B$'(q&fp,(+I!*DK$k,(o&4$02,971+$<^A2,Q, 1YvqK,&418:918,GA2A20B9-OH(qREw:&f=:&8, =U$'^h*-0B9-,1f:9i$O'0B>:,G9i.-$|p
";$'"1+;$'p:AB,,13$'v&8KF1#,G'"&8]14:9,wI!K14,,A2&8AB0B1S,9-$k^G(S,AB,(8$'*-13,g(S1+:9$'7AB,o,1Y=UvqK$',^h&8*-14:90297,N*D:9$'w1f$TO:'(O:00`>: ,9U.D$p:mdRf*D$<(0B1/(8*-,#=U:13(SAB02u<,ABp9z6-=T5F,G&
0297.i$<9-.rK-A2'((8*-,g&8,GO:&8,G18180B:9'"](8*-,M7$'AB,1 kf,^'&8.:9 I!K,&80B,9-^G,'V
029-0`(+.
1(8><*-$',LA267^,''&V 8&8,GA@$<(802:9i^d,^0B,9P(5F,(qRS,G,9x(+*-,!$'A2,G1 k#,G^:&4.y$<9-. I7K,&402,G9-^,$'9-.x0B9z(8,&4K-&8,(
!,G1(+*-, ><$'&40@$'5-0BA20`(qpU<"](8*-,M7$'A2,G1 k#,G^:&4.i&4,=U$'029t679-^h*D$'9-O',.i"Q'&^h*D$'9-O:0B9-O I!K,&402,97^Q,
*-, :029P(H.70214(8&80B5-67(+0B:9<"N9z6-=T5F,G&H'"#,.-67^$<(802:9p',$'&41n{M$<9-. =U:9P(8*-ABp{1+$<A@$'&402,1~ 0B9
(+*7:6-1+$<9-.-1#'"Ckf1V[H'"c=U$'9D$<O:,&41029~(+*7, q 029-.-6714(+&3p~Rf0B(8*iHp',$'&41N<",JI7K,&402,G9-^,021f$'1"Q:ABA2|Rf1
r
& vv -& 77V[V[ r 77V_V & !!V[VjF=-- 77V_V_P
- v 7V[: 7V_T& !V[P 7V_T&
'
&8,J$|I7R K,(+&4*-02,,G9-Kl^,<V_.WV V\"YV '"M=U'9z(8*-ABp 1+$<A@$'&402,1t<"M=U$'9D$<O:,&41t029 (+*-, q 029-.76-14(8&4p Rf0`(+*p:,$<&81r'"
ab*D$L$<1+($<A@K-$'&4&3:Kp~'":&4(8$<02:9(#UA2,'"$';14(5=wkf$'9-1V $'& O:,m_:&41S:L0B9wK(+,*-&, =q :9P0B(+9-*r.-*D6-$13(+>:&4,Mp$<Rf(#0BA2(8,*$'14M(gp: ,$'&8p'1,$''"&4C1N,JI!'"]KF,G,&8.7026-,G9-^$<^(8,g02:9$<9- .t.-&+$Rf0B9-O
F r
dlD7'"$'9L$<&85-0`(+&+$<&4p
&V\>Vm7Rf*-0B^h*i^G:6-A2.5, .-0214^&8,(+,<m^G:9P(+0B9d67:6-1f:&f$^:=H57029D$<(802:9w'"5'(8*WV
2< ] 2d
% AB02= o O w lF
6 kl:i $<u',$<9-.U7IU$<9zp14,sz6-,97^,'"l&8,$'A9d67=H5F,G&81f lD7 # 146-^h*w(+*-$<(SAB02=T lDM V ),(
M U: S dlD!zV *-,G9 ;m!(+*-,g9z6-A2Al18,G(V *z6-1Gm
AB02= w lF
o O
AB02= w lDP
Q5zpr.7,GD9-0`(+0B:9t'"]A202=0B(h
AB02= w dlD< Q5zp~.-,GD970B(+0B:9r'"$^<V_.lVX"YV[
AB02= w ' Q5zp~.-,GD970B(+0B:9r'" :
U AB02= : Q5zpw(+*-,g^'9z(8029z6-0`(qptK-&8'KF,G&4(qpt'"](+*-, &8'5D$'5-0BA20B(qp"Q6-97^G(+0B:9
U l
$'1 A20B= M l
!
,/
)&
B
A
2
0
=
w
lF
<
2d
l
2< ] 2d C w lF#021N$w&402O:*P(4v^:9P(8029z6-:6-1f"Q6-9-^(+0B:9
UI l#g A202= o 7 w -E UI lF
gV
6 kl:i 0`Ir$'9Pp l V
N,JI!(#(h$<u',M$'9-.i!Ii$'9Ppr.-,^G&8,$<180297OU14,sz6-,97^,H'"&8,$'AC9d67=H5F,G&81g lD! #
18 67*-^h,G*n9 (+*D$kX( 0BlD1N $ .-lx,^G&8$',1N$'180B9- OU14,szV 6-,G)9-,^( ,L'"H18,(+ 1NRf 0`(+*UA2:0B=T S dTlD! L$'9-. H V :&f:^h*-,^hSuz0B 9-)Ow(+l)*7z, V
AF@$< 14(,Gsz6D$'A2$'0`(q97p:.yml(+(+$'*zu'6-,H1 $'9Pp #!V \#!,V 9- ^G", S lCm S | lD# 4?l S 02=K-A`K7p!&80B9-|>Od029-Or (+*D$k (
|# VE!0B9-^, #P F{ Um # # K7&8|>d029-OL(+*-$<( # M V
N|R
A202= o 7 w -
AB02= w lDP
Q5Ppt.-,G-9-0B(802:9r'"]A20B=U0`(J
AB02= w dlD< Q5zp~.-,GD970B(+0B:9r'"$^<V_.lVX"YV[
AB02= w ' Q5zp~.-,GD970B(+0B:9r'" :
U AB02= : Q5zpw(+*-,g^'9z(8029z6-0`(qptK-&8'KF,G&4(qpt'"](+*-, &8'5D$'5-0BA20B(qp"Q6-97^G(+0B:9
U
$'1 AB02= M
U dlD
%5Ppr.-,D9-0`(+02'9t'"
UI lF
%5Ppt.-,D9-0`(+02'9<" UI lF4
2< ] 2d U 4,lDlbA202= o O w - w lCJm-(+*-,gAB,G"(4v*D$'9-.tAB02=0B(S'" U+ jS$<( lCV
6 kl: i 0`I$<9zp l{ V
#,Id(o(+$'u',T$'9-.i!I
$<9zp0B9-^&4,$'14029-O18,Gsd67,9-^G,L'"&8,$'AC9z6-=H5,&81 lD! #
18 67*-^h,G*n9 (+*D$kH(X0B1lD $'9~0Blx9-^$'&41#,$' 1402 9-OL14,szV 6-),,G97( ^,g'"H;18,(+ 1Rf 0B(8*tA2'0B=T S dMlD7 L$<9-. V U:&S<^h *7, ^hSuz029-4 O(+l)*7z, V
A@$<14(#,sz6D$'AB0B(qp'm-VQ(h$'
Nu<|R,T$'9P(+p $'u',U $'9Pp | # !V V~ *-!,029-9 ^G,L7 S4 l $'S9- . )lDlD b# 4d lCml b K7lD&8|> d029-O (+*D S$k(
F | # 0B=UK7ABpd029-O F
$'9-. (+*z6-1 | # K-&8|>d0297O(+*D$<(
| # 7V
*-,G&8,G"Q'&8, # M ?V
N|R
r
2
&
!
!
&
&
)
!
#
!
!
!"
#
'
$ #
%&
(
A202= o O w -
AB02= w lDP
Q5Ppt.-,G-9-0B(802:9r'"]A20B=U0`(J
AB02= w dlD< Q5zp~.-,GD970B(+0B:9r'"$^<V_.lVX"YV[
AB02= w ' Q5zp~.-,GD970B(+0B:9r'" :
U AB02= : Q5zpw(+*-,g^'9z(8029z6-0`(qptK-&8'KF,G&4(qpt'"](+*-, &8'5D$'5-0BA20B(qp"Q6-97^G(+0B:9
U
$'1 AB02= M
U 4 lD
Q5zp~.-,GD970B(+0B:9r'"
&8:= 2' ;3 2d $'97.M(+*7,E.-,D9-0`(+02'9M'"7^'VX.WV\"YV0B(C"Q:ABA2|Rf1W(+*-$<(cU )lDFU lD3MU 4
lDE UI lF/ UI lCoV (T$'9PpxK:029P( l (+*z6-1 w lFE UIlCogO'0B>:,G1(8*-,sz6D$'9P(+6-= '" 6-=K
(+:5*7-,T14,^'&3VX>'.W$kV\(+"Y02VN'9,JI!0BKF1,G9-&802,,G,G9-.-^,,G.i1o02Rf9r*-6-0B^h9-*
.7,,&8I713$'(h^$'(+97AB.-p029-,GsdO6-(+$'*7A2,1#(+K7*-&8,Md'"K-&8<":5]-$'(8*-5-,g02AB0B9-(qpw,Id=w(N$'K-14&81o:KO:,0`>:&3(q,Gp:9
V $<(N(+*-,KF'029P(XlCV *-0B1
(
.
G
,
9
'(
+
,
8
(
*
g
,
8
1
G
,
#
(
'"
]
K
:0
2
P
9
+
(
1
f
R
7
*
,
8
&
,
U
+ jS021.-0B18^'9z(8029z6-:671
?l
2< ] 2d ),G
UI lCo/A202= o O U 7 UI lFA20B= o 7 U 7 UI l#g JV *-,M14,G( 021^'6-9P(h$'5-AB,'V
'(6!80Bk9-*-l^,,L&3Rf: (+i 02*718,,g'&=U(+E*7x$k,MI! 14026-=T=6-= A2'",( $'(8H=*-M,M:6-K79P&8(g:5 Dln'"$<5-026-AB0B=(qpU KxU=w(8I *-$'lF,14c18,G^' 1oVX.WU'"V\"Y]VUI lC(+*-^o$', 9y.-02"%13$'(+^G0B,9--^GV 02(#1LH,TAB,02=^9$',9wRf9P*-(+*D1#02$^h>'02*y9 , ^H$<$'(14,=RS18:1'66-3-(S^h*A2i.$t,,A2I!K,G^=U:0,G2,,G9P.9P(g(+:0B11 Vm
^l'9z (+$'L0297!,m . 029 9Jm$'9-.tL!"Q:&V f $'9P*zpr6-1 '(8n*-,m]&#(8*-$',~=:618,-(H9P(f'"f'"K:06-B9z=(8K1M<" f.-0214^$<:9(#P$L(+0B9zK6-:00B2(q9Ppx( '"l 7U + jm] 021M4
$n #^0B:6=U79zK-(+A`pd$'025-9-ABO,
#
6-9-0B:9r'";D9-0B(8, 18,(+1m$'97.i0B1(+*z6-1#^:6-9P(+$'5-A2,<V
2< ] 2d
F UI lF GI lF$ A lFRf*7,&8, I lF021$L13(+,K"Q6-9-^(+02'9r$'9-. A lF0B1,G>',&4pzRf*-,G&8,
^'9kzl(8029z: 6-i :6)7,G1( V .7,9-'(8,~(+*-,t14,G('"NK:029P(+1T'"#.-0214^:9P(+0B9z6-0B(qpy'" w T$<1H029
6
2' ] 2d V *7,9
18 0B9-*-^,G,9n:5P>d0B102:67^:618AB-p 9P(+$'G5-IA2lF,<m02A21f,( $ 14(8,Kn"Q67 lB9-^G(8: 02l2:9tRf0Bz(8* V 67=U,G-K-9-1#, $<(fG(8I*-lF,MtK :0B9z (81 o lB o:l2o UI zl%V M#) ,G( wA kl% MlFoEY V
U021fI $HlFc(8&8 0B>d?02$'GAl =UlF$<V (8(8 ",&U(8+1j4,0B1f,g^(+:9*DP$k(+( 0B9zA6-k:6I -l%1oM $</( l[(+*-k,GI 9nl%M18U0V 21 ?G f$'9-.i*-,9-^G, [+ jm$'9-."Q:&5l%M 0B(
>$'14,.:9L(+*-,G18,fK-&4:KF,G&4(802,197R $^AB,$'&K-0B^G(86-&8,'"(8*-,f9D$<(+67&8,'"F$ O:,97,&+$<AD&V\>FV,=,&8O',1m:Rf*702^h*
=U$|pw5F,g146-=U=U$'&402e,G.$'1"Q:A2AB|Rf1V
:V (N$'9PptK:029P( ln m w S021,G0B(8*-,&f^'9z(8029z6-:671#'&,I!KF,G&80B,9-^G,1$<967KzRS$'&4. 6-=KWV
!V " w S0B1^:9P(+0B9z6-:6-1N$<(#$LKF'029P( lCm-(+*-,G9 UI lF w lC$'9-.r(+*7,&8,"Q:&8,U lDF7V
&7V " U+ jO:,G(81T$ 6-=UKy$<(MKF'029P( lCm](+*7,9(8*-,&4,U0B1T$KF:140B(80B>:,K-&4:5D$'5702A20`(qp
=U$'181M$<( lRf*-:14,
><$'AB6-, ,sz6D$'AB1(+*-,gsz6D$'9P(+67= '" 67=UK UI lF UI lCoV
--V " w T0B1 $<(:&^'9-14(+$'9P(U'9 $<9zp 0B9P(+,&3><$'Ag! D +(8*-,9 w 4 + U }
SS - Y') S S g-|EU}m!wU +) UU HDrU:o f814402 9-^Gw, D U !d/ 7V
V *-,9z6-=T5F,G&~'"KF'029P(+1Rf*-,&4,x ^$'9b*D$>:,x$K:140B(+0`>:,iK-&8:5-$'5-02AB0B(qp =U$'181w021~^G:6-9P(h$'57A2,'m
6-13(+0`"p!0B9-OH(+*7,.7,GD9-0`(+0B:9r'"c$L.-0B18^G&8,G(8,g&V\>FV
V K(N:18021#,G.i,9-0B9P'6(+-*O:*nD$(8>dw1029-4(8O 6-.76-p 13(#6-(8*-14(N,14(+,*-,M(qRE.-^0214^:=&4,G(+,TKF'9$'-9-,.
9P(+^G1G:9V P(+0B9d67:6-1o&GVX>VN$'1N$'9Ppi&GVX>V#^$'9n5F,M.-,^G:=v
)
!
!
!
)
0
B
D
9
'
$
2
A
`
A
p
'
$
f
1
2
0
t
9
K
:0
2
P
9
(
-$'5|>:,<mDA2,G(6-1fA20213(.-|Rf9r(+*-,"Q'&8=H6-A "Q'&^:=K-67(8029-OHK7&8:5D$<5-02AB0B(+0B,1E'"]$'A2A
(qpdKF,G1'"),>:,G9z(8$'19702.n9P>'$':A&4BO:>d6-0297=OH,9P$M(+&G1fVX>1402V=6-0214A@02$<9-&/OM(80B((81/8*-^<,gV_.l:9VX"Y-V`V ,g 029r*-,K:0K-2&49P!( <"-Q1/$'"Q:A5B|>A2:|R,'V "Q&8:= (+*7,N.-,D9-0`(+02'9w'" U+jm
2< ] 2d
:V#U :F U! dV
!V#U PF# w" !JV
&7V#U /4 +W w w" !
-- V#U 4PF w" o
V#U :F U! Do
V#U PF w" ! w" o
V#U 6 +F U U! Do
r V#U /4 4 U |c U! d
V#U 6 4 +W w |c U! D
\N,G&8,wRE,~^G:A2AB,^G(g(8:O:,G(8*-,&T18:=,U6718,G"Q67ASK-&4:KF,G&4(802,1M'" I!KF,G^G(h$k(+02'9Wm /$'&40@$'9-^G,'mcS><$'&40@$'97^,~$<9-.
^S'9:&z4(8&802,9zA26-$<:6(+0B7:91^S$'d,18,G1m)^RE0B,,9P14(*DV/$'!AB0BAc9-K-^&8,|>(8'*-,,#(8"Q*-'&,814=H,6-&8A ,"146-QAB:&(8c1g(8:9*--,#ABp=U"Q:=:&o,(89P*-(8,1E^$<:9&8P,f(8.-029z0BF6-,:6&4-,1 9P(^$'"Q:&18,<V (+*- ,f*-.-,0B18K-^G&8&8d,G'"(8,oQ1o$<"Q9-'&.
(+1867*7=U,o.-=U0B18$<^(+&40B,G:9(8W,oV ^ $<18*d,671o$<&8A2,#,( 1802c=IlF02A2S$'&.7m<,Rf9-0B'((+8*, (+(+*-*-,#,gKWKWVX.WVX.WV\"YV\"YVV/&8<",cK7A@$$'^G^,:9.wP(85P029zpU6-KW:6VX-=i1fV\"Y&GVcVX>$'V97.wV(+*-,#029P(8,O:&8$'A21/&8,GK-A@$'^G,.U5zp
{D TC7-3C TCl7DYS
:&
^
'9
4
1
+
(
'
$
P
9
+
(
1
~$'9-.|m2~ +
F fw
2< ] 2d
l
6 kl:i
~ hn
O " lF cI lF l
O IlF l O l c lF l
f~
2< ] 2d M; ~ lQ{q O lI lF cI lF l
6 kl:i ),G( bW{/5, $H=U $'9PpPv(+kvq:9-,#"Q6-9-^(+02'9WV *-,G9
7m!(8*-,KWVX.WV\"YV'" 021S$'1O:0`>:,9r0B9
$'9-.r(+*z6-1f5Ppr.-,GD970B(+0B:9
~ lQ{qU
w
O ' 7
r
"!
"!
,
9
J
,
d
I
t
(
+
(
*
4
&
,
,
K
4
&
:K
,
4
&
8
(
2
0
G
,
1
f
m
2
A
o$<&8,g029-.7,K,9-.-,G9P(m ~ q6
+Y
~ Y w 6
8
2< ] 2d
" $'9-.t6
6 kl:i " $'9-.r6N$<&8,g029-.7,K,9-.-,G9P(m cIlBh:l2 K lB4 kIl2JV *d671
~ Y6
8
O O lB l2 c lBJ: l2 lB l2
O O lB l2 TGIlB8 p l2 lB l2
O l2 I l2 O lB KG lB8 lB l2
w Y O l2 p l2 l2
w Y ~ Q4
8BF ~ Y
2< ] 2d
b ~ 6
6 kl:i
+
&
&
"!)
.
.
"!
"!
r&
b ~ 68`
O w QSl28 pk l2 l2
O O lB T kIlB l2 lB kIl2 l2
O O lB cpIlBhl2:l2 Il2 lB l2
O O lB cI lBh: l2 lB l2
O lB O c lBJ:l2 l2 lB
O lB TGI lB8 lB
~ Y
{D TC7-3C Y)
ayx,thg5F,G3O:302+9DRf0`(+* V $n"Q:&4=H6-A@$"Q:&S|>lQ 86 Jm0B9(+*-,t18$'=U,w18K-0B&80B(T'"T3Jm(+*D$<(H021H1402=K-A2,G&M(+*-$'9
S|>) h86 J
B . ~ q@Q6 /J ~ 6 +q
Y6 ~ Q +-Q ~ YV ,~ Y w 6 8@Y
Y6 8D. b +~ 6 +BD. \6 ~ q` , ~ w 6 +` Q5zp
Y6 8D. w 6 + \ qD. w q b Q +V ,~ q ~ Q + Q5Pp
Y6 8D. w Y ~ Q 4
2< ] 2d W '&f$^G:9-13(h$'9P( kmS|>lQm G8
6 kl:i
S|>)
G
w h
D. w h ~
~
D ~
Ww
2< ] 2d ] S>WQn8{Y
6 kl: i
S>WQn8{
w i
-. ~
w n
w DZ w
@
WU
*
*
! *
!)
.
.
r-
A 6
(JS>WQ 86
2< ] 2d W :&^:9714(h$<9z(8
6 kl:i
W~ +
wB" +{ DD ~ +
@
w + D E, fw
V
G %5Pp
f ~
~ D w n
E:~ D
G
W~
J Ww Q
+
2< ] 2d N] '&/^G:9-13(h$'9P(+1 H$'9-. |m WU : +6
6 kl:i
+
.
.
.
.
.
!
P
r
U : + +
wB P +6 D Z~ : h6+ @
w + q6C D E q w Y ~ 68 6 8 G %5Pp
w J q@$ kZw Y6+D.~ q ~ Q+@$ D~ D. 68@
~ q S|>C J86J$ W~ 68
w
2< ] 2d N 0B1,JId(+,97.-,. "Q:&$xA20B9-,$'&L^G:=H5-0B9D$<(802:9 '"E &V\>V @X1U$'1"Q'A2A2|Rf1GV ),G(
V
V
w F w
W~ F
g M
M Qq
M 8 QqM4 @ G8
Ww 6M2 @
W~ F? M# M WU qM@
M H
~ W~ 6
8` W~ ~ 6
8`
2< ] 2d ; W~ FU
6 kl: i
w W~ 6
8` WU w Q 4B
~ 6 8J 6 8 , Q 4 E Zw w 6 8
~ J 8 6 8 ?' 6 8 E Z~ q
~ J q
W~
{D TC7-3C /DD;3-YS f C3;S
6
2< ] 2d
W M L
6f +
kl: i
Ww D $ 6
8
6
W~ D B 6
8 b
W~ qV h86
W~ 6 + b n
N
-z Q J86
J -VWU Y Ww 6 + b Tl lq k
l
ln
J
-
M]
S +
6
W $ 6
" $
Z
W
!"#
*)
$%!&'(&
!
-,
. )
,0/
/546
&1
8-&D
#
2
, (E
+
!@A
!+
!(T$U
!
23 ,
!
/ 8-
!:
!(#&P$
+
/
/
/
/C4
7
8
9
8
!
:
;
!
=
>
<
?
+
!
;
&
A
@
&
2
B
6
GFFIH
H
F
)
)
JJ
J
/
?
& KF
3
LME
)
J
Q
&
2
R
<
>
N
O
8
9
8
!
:
!
(
Q
&
S
& $
6 H
)
)
(E
$I
V K&
WF
. ) / ) /
6 $ )
&
/
*
NO 8
WF
(E
A
[Z
$I
!89
\!]
T8 7Eb&
&K
&B
a !&g# (#&
(E
S
6
&i8
/
/
.
.
!
(Q^
"
!
_
`
89
&
/
/
0d
c^
$ef8-E
$
78YMKhA
YX
S
jF /
!
#&*
&
O(
$I
&gB
D&'(#&
^
+
*)
& aM/K\
/ <
P
@ O 8 >E
K&
(E
/
/
7Eb&ib<>
N(
/ )
.
/
&*b<m
!N(3
)
hK&RA
a89
&&* n
kMKO8o#
lkMKO
/
W~ q JW~ ++ q
LKWw W~ Y
L
L Q J86 UW~ q W~ 68
W 26E W~Q Jq8 6
J86
Q J4Q
WU 6+D Ww Y Ww q Ww q
WU 6 +D T WU 6 + ,Ww 6 +
w .
~ F
W~ l
.~
w
P
1 * 3
~
6
E
U
6
Q +
1 * 3
6
2< ] 2d i]
*
6 kl:i
2< ] 2d
;
] 7 7 * < *
6 kl: i
S
(E
n
a
)
+
$U^
S
S
$ $I
V
K&
6
6 )
/
&
:
:@8
/
/
6/
4
/
]<>
N(
PkMKO( > E
#&
@A
!"' 7
6 /
/
6
6 . /
$%n
8
E
$
\
!
&
'
(
6 . / )
/ /
6
)
&'(
@
O 8 > E
$I
S
S
S
!& /
-F
$O
8CE $
/ /
@ O 8 >E
K&
. / )
!
/ &i
/
. / )
@ O 8 >E
6
?
/ /
6
@ O 8 >E
I$
J
*)
(E
/
/
)
)
$
+
!
A
@
!
(
R
!
n
^
+
+
K
i
a
!
M
&
&** K
/
/
.
898-
& :B
3#
!8CE\$
/
/
/
g
. )
[Z
8
f
!
]
!
(
& 2@K
l]K+h
&g
\&g89K+
896 K+
6
. 6 ]+
!& +
/ /
D
=<
) /
@A
!nn&789
D
N &
$
^
^
$I
898!&'(&
[Z
7 7
^
"" F!* . + 6 J
"" W ? W . + 6
""
"" +
F
Q "
"" + ?W W 6J """ F (E
""
""
*
^
w h + Y w 8 """"
""
~ Q qJ 4~ 8
P
r