Anagnwstopoulow

:
2008

(747 814 ..)

..................................................................................................................6
...................................................................................................7
...................................................................................................................8
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................10
. .......................................................................................12
1 ..........................................................................................................13
.1. ..........................................................................13
.1.1. ...................................................................................14
.1.1.1. [Origanum microphyllum (Lamiaceae)] .............................14
.1.1.2. [Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae)]......................................................15
.1.1.3. [Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae)]. ...........................16
.1.1.4. [Origanum dictamnus (Lamiaceae)]........................................16
.1.1.5. [Satureja thymbra (Lamiaceae)] ...............................................17
.1.1.6. [Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae)] ................................................18
.1.1.7. [Origanum Majorana (Lamiaceae)]...............................18
.1.1.8. (Herbal Mixture)..........................................................19
.1.1.9. [Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae)] ..............................................19
.1.1.10. [Sideritis syriaca (Lamiaceae)] ......................................20
.1.1.11. [Hypericum perforatum (Clusiaceae)]...................................20
.1.1.12. [Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae)].......................................21
.1.1.13. [Mentha pulegium (Lamiaceae)]........................................22
.1.1.14. [Matricaria chamomilla (Asteraceae)]...............................22
2 ..........................................................................................................24
A.2. ....................................................................24
A.2.1. .............................................................................................24
.2.2. .............................................................................................30
.2.3. .........................................................39
3 ..........................................................................................................41
.3. ......................................................................................................41
.3.1. .................................................................................46
.3.2. ................................................................................53
3
.3.3. ......................................................54
.3.4. .................................................................55
.3.5. ...........................................................................61
.3.6. ....................................................................................65
.3.6.1. .............................................................................66
.3.6.2. .....................................................................................................68
.3.6.3. .............................................................................69
.3.6.4. .....................................................................................................73
.3.6.5. ...............................................................................75
.3.6.6. ........................................................................79
.3.7. ..............................................................................82
. ..................................................................................95
1 ..........................................................................................................96
.1. ........................................................................................96
2 ........................................................................................................101
.2. ...........................................................................................101
.2.1. .................................101
.2.2. (Folin-Ciocalteu) ...102
.2.3. .....................................................................................105
.2.4. .........................................................................................106
.2.5. .....................................................................................108
.2.6. (DPPH) .......................................109
.2.7. (FRAP)....................................................................111
.2.8. (GC/MS)
................................................................................................................................113
3 ........................................................................................................117
.3. ....................................................................................................117
.3.1. (Folin-Ciocalteu)...................................117
.3.2. .....................................................................................119
.3.3. .........................................................................................119
.3.4. .....................................................................................122
.3.5. (DPPH) .......................................122
.3.6. (FRAP)....................................................................124
4
.3.7. (GC/MS).............................126
4 ........................................................................................................139
.4. - ..................................................................................139
.4.1. ........................................145
.4.2. ......................................................................................................149
. ................................................................................................151
.1. ......................................................................................152
.2. ................................................................................154
2007
2008 ,
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. , 3 g
4 min 200 ml . ,
14 .
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(cup=200 ml),
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Folin-Ciocalteau,
112,10 0,04
mg GAE/cup > > > >
> > > > > >
> > . ,
, .
,
8
0,67 0,08 g CyE/cup,

37,75 0,27 mg
/cup 1,41 0,05 mg /cup.

DPPHy ,
FRAP (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power). ,
, DPPHy 163,20 3,00
mg Trolox/cup > > > >
> > > > > >
> > .
39,73 0,89 mg /cup,
0,07
0,09
mg
/cup.
/ (GC/MS)
.
10.734,55 196,22 g/cup,

, 93,17 18,98 g/cup.
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ABSTRACT
The interest in anti-oxidants has increased dramatically over the last

few years, due to the role they play in humans health. Herbs and beverages constitute
a major source of anti-oxidants, at least in the Greek region where many of them are
quite popular, such as mountain tea, chamomile, sage, and are consumed by a
significant part of the population as they are beneficial to health. In the present study,
some interesting facts are outlined concerning the herbs under scrutiny, followed by a
presentation of the chemistry, sources and protective properties of anti-oxidants
against cancer, cardiovascular diseases and other ailments, as well as an outline of the
repercussions of free radicals mechanism. Moreover, there is a reference to
polyphenols and their biological functions and bio-availability as well as to the
sources rich in polyphenols. The introduction session was based on an extensive
bibliographical overview consisting of Greek and international references.
In the experimental section, the method of beverages preparation and the
analytical scheme followed thereafter are presented. In particular, 3 g of every herb
was boiled in mineral water for approximately 4 min and 200 ml of infusion were
obtained. Subsequently, the infusions were freeze-dried and the solid residues for
each one of the 14 herbs were acquired. Chamomile provided the higher solid residue
per cup. The samples used for the experiments represented the quantity of one cup (1
cup=200 ml), so as to directly reflect what consumers actually drink. The quantitative
determination of total polyphenols was performed via the Folin-Ciocalteau assay,
which revealed that pennyroyal was the herb with the higher overall phenolic content,
equal to 112,10 0,04 mg GAE/cup, followed by hypericum > thrymba
(goat
oregano)> marjoram > oregano > sage > herbal mixture > thyme > dittany > mountain
tea > antonaida > chamomile > rosemary > laurel. In addition, photometric methods
for determining total flavanols, flavones and proanthocyanidins were employed. Total
flavanols were not detected in the beverages studied, proanthocyanidins were detected
only in hypericum with 0,67 0,08 g CyE/cup, whereas as far as total flavones were
concerned, hypericum presented the higher content with 37,75 0,27 mg rutin/cup
and laurel the lowest with 1,41 0,05 mg rutin/cup. For the anti-oxidant ability of our
samples, the ability to scavenge the free radical DPPHy was determined, whereas the
10
Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay was used for determining their
reducing potential. Hypericum, as compared to the remaining herbs, is the more
effective DPPHy radical scavenger with 163,20 3,00 mg Trolox/cup, followed by
dittany > pennyroyal > oregano > marjoram > thrymba (goat oregano) > sage > herbal
mixture > thyme > mountain tea > antonaida > chamomile > rosemary > laurel.
Hypericum presents the higher reductive ability with 39,73 0,89 mg ascorbic
acid/cup whereas laurel presents the lower one with 0,07 0,09 mg ascorbic acid/cup.
The determination of individual polyphenols and terpenic acids was accomplished via
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). Hypericum contained the higher
quantities of individual polyphenols reaching 10.734,55 196,22 g/cup, whereas
terpenic acids were found in only the half of the herbs, sage ranking first with 93,17
18,98 g/cup.
According to the aforementioned results, the consumption of herbs infusions
can provide us valuable micro-ingredients. Hypericum, dittany, pennyroyal, thrymba
(goat oregano), marjoram, oregano and sage are ideal for everyday drinking.
However, they should be consumed with moderation and not excessively. The
recommended daily intake varies between 2 and 4 cups of beverage. Though, we
should take into consideration the palatability of each beverage. The adoption of the
Mediterranean diet, consisting among others of plenty fruit and vegetables,
moderate use of alcohol, limited consumption of red meat accompanied by 2-4 cups
of beverage every day, succeeds in covering our needs in anti-oxidants (and
polyphenols) both qualitatively and quantitatively.
11
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. 16 1551
William Turner, B
Nicholas Culpeper (16161654) 17 . , John Gerard (1545
1611) 1597.
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.1.1.

,
14 ,
, .

, .
.1.1.1. [Origanum microphyllum (Lamiaceae)]
.
, .
.
.
900 ,
. .
, .
, ,
.
14
.1.1.2. [Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae)]

, , .
, .

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.
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10-20 . 3-5
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(, 2003).
15
.1.1.3. [Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae)].
.

..
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,
(Lambraki, 1993). ,
.

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,

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20
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(, 2003).
.1.1.4. [Origanum dictamnus (Lamiaceae)]
, , ,
.

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16
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40 . .

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15 .,
11 .
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01900 . ( ).
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.1.1.5. [Satureja thymbra (Lamiaceae)]
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40 . . ,
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.1.1.6. [Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae)]

, , .
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(Lambraki, 1993).
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30 .. .

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(
.., 2006). ,
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.1.1.7. [Origanum Majorana (Lamiaceae)]
A,
.
18
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, , 50 . .
.
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, , , .
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.1.1.8. (Herbal Mixture)
: ,
, [Helichrysum heldreichii (Asteraceae)], , ,
[Lippia citriodora (Verbenaceae)], , [Melissa officinalis
(Lamiaceae)], [Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae)], , ,
.
.1.1.9. [Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae)]
. , ,
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(, 2003).
.1.1.10. [Sideritis syriaca (Lamiaceae)]
.
male () tirare (),

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, 50
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, 1.300 2.000
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.1.1.11. [Hypericum perforatum (Clusiaceae)]
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50 .
20
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(Gerhard, 2003). , , ,
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Prozac. .
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(, 2003).
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, , . O

. (herba
sacra) " "
(, 2005).
70 .
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(Lambraki, 1993). , ,
21
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.1.1.13. [Mentha pulegium (Lamiaceae)]

. 2000 ..,
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50 . , ,
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(, 2003).
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22
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A.2.
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A.2.1.

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(Krause Mendelson, 2004). ,

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(Young &
Woodside, 2001).
Vinson (1998),
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24
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(Horiuchi et al, 1992).
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( .., 2000).

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(, 1997).
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(Chen et al, 1992).

(, 1997):
9 .
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H2O2.
25
)

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, ,
.. (Boozer et al, 1955).
(primary or chain breaking
antioxidants) (synergistic or secondary antioxidants).

(van Aardt,
2003).

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(
),
TBHQ
(tert--),
PG
( ), , , ,
.. ,
,
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(Frankel, 1998).
BHA BHT ()
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(, 1998).
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(,
1998). , -, -, - -,
- -,
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26

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(, 2003). , ( -)
(singlet
oxygen),
(Frankel, 1998).

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Maillard (, 1997).
1
(van Aardt, 2003)
27
1: .
Wahlqvist & Wattanapenpaiboon (1999),

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DHEA ()
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(Zhu et al,
2002).

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(Kelly, 1998).
,
(Rimm et al, 1993, Brown & Goodman, 1998,
28
Wahlqvist & Wattanapenpaiboon, 1999, , 2000, Ford et al,

2003, Willis & Wians, 2003, Bjelakovic et al, 2007, Hercberg, et al. 2007, Bardia et
al., 2008, Bjelakovic, et al, 2008). ,
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(Gutteridge & Halliwell, 1994).
1:
.

700 mg
>4 mg
40 mg
75 mg
8,7 mg
9,5 mg
1,2 mg

,
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(Percival, 1998).
(Prior &
Cao, 1999, Dryden et al., 2005).

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Nunomura et al, 2006, Wood-Kaczmar et al, 2006).
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(Valko et al, 2007).
,
(LDL)
29
, , , (van Gaal, 2006).

.
.

, Drosophila melanogaster
Caenorhabditis elegans,
(Larsen, 1993, Helfand & Rogina, 2003, Rattan, 2006).
,
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(Gutteridge & Halliwell, 1994).
2:

C ( )
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(Cu)
(Se)

.2.2.

Moses Gomberg (1900).
Friedrich Paneth (1927), Denham Harman (1956, 1972) .. ,
30

.
Bray (1999),

.

. ;
,
.
(.. )
, ( .., 2000).
Devasagayam (2004),
(reactive oxygen species)
(nitrogen active species)
,
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DNA.
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DNA
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DNA
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DNA
(Kehrer, 2000).
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31

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(Stadtman & Levine, 2000).
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(Sandstrom et al, 1995).
2: .
DNA
Stress
2, (),
NO, ,
32
,
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( , 2006).

Valko (2004, 2006),
, DNA,
, ,
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,
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,
(Halliwell 1996, Percival, 1998, , 1998, Basu et al, 1999,
Young & Woolside, 2001).

,
(,
1998, Trichopoulou & Vasilopoulou, 2000, Martinez-Gonzalez et al, 2002,
Trichopoulou et al, 2003, Vasilopoulou et al, 2005, Benetou et al, 2008).
,
, ,
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13% ,
. ,

(, 2008).
33
3: (Huang & Sumprio, 2008).
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(Pacher et al, 2007)
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(Donnelli & Robinson, 1995).

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(, 1998). , ,
, .. .

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34
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(Prior & Cao, 1999).
Colgan (1998, 2002),

, ,
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ATP.
. ,
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(Witt el al, 1992).
,

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(.. ), DNA
.
.
in vitro
in vivo (Mayne,
2003, Urso & Clarkson, 2003)
35
Gropper (2004),
,
(.. ), .. :
) (-y): ,
.
, ,

. ,
, .
) Y (H-O-O-H):
, .
, .
) (yO-H): .
,
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) - (H-O-Oy)
) (Ly):
(LH).
) (LOOy)
) (LOOH): -
.
) (LOy)
) (1O2)

.

(Ward & Peters, 1995):
I. (..
)
II. (.. -)
III. (..
).
36
IV. (..
).
( .., 2005).

1) (SOD): Zn/Cu-SOD
( ), Mn-SOD
( ). .
2) : Fe ()
.
2H2O2 H2O + O2
3) (GPx):
H2O2 (GSH)
(GSSG).
2GSH + H2O2 GSSG + 2H2O

NADPH.
GSSG 2GSH
NADPH
NADP

1) : Cu (),
. .
2) : .
3) : Fe
Cu.
4) :
.
5) E (-):
,
37
(LOOy)
.
6) (-):
.
7) C: ( ).
8) (GSH, glucysgly): ,
.
9) SOD: ,
1/3000 SOD.
10) GPx: GPx.

(Gutteridge &
Halliwell, 1994).
3:

Fe ()

,
,
Mn ()
Cu ()
Mn-SOD
Cu/Zn-SOD,
Zn ()
Cu/Zn-SOD

GHS, SOD,
,
,
,
,
Se ()

(2)
,
,
FMN, FAD
()
38
.2.3.
, ,
- , .
:
1

.
.

(singlet oxygen).
2

(). , ,
,
.
3

.
(, 1997):
Ry ( )
Ry + O2
ROOy ( )
ROOy + RH Ry + ROOH
Ry + Ry
R-R
ROOy + Ry
ROOR
ROOy + ROOy ROOR + O2

( )
39

. .
,
. , ,

,
, .
40
.
3
.3.

, ,
, , , ,
, . ,
,
(Manach et al, 2005). ( , PP)
,
8000 (Harborne, 1993)
,
(Manach et al, 2004).
4: .

, , -
, , ,

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,
(
)
, ,
,
,
, ,

, ,
41
,
(Harborne, 1980).
5: Harborne.
C6
,
2,6---
C6-C1
C6-C2
3--6--
-
C6-C3
,
,
,
10
C6-C4
13
C6-C1-C6
14
C6-C2-C6
15
C6-C3-C6
18
(C6-C3)2
30
(C6-C3-C6)2
(C6-C3)n
(C6)n
(C6-C3-C6)n
(
)
42
4 ,
4: ( ).

,
.
(.. ) (.. ) (, 2006).
.
.
, , , .. ,
, , ,
43
, .. (Bravo, 1998). ,
5000 (Harborne, 1993).
, 2
( )
(C).
(Manach, 2004).
5: .

. , 6
44

(Visioli et al, 2000) 7

(Crozier, 2000).
6:
( ).
45
7: ( ).
.3.1.

, (Lambert et
al, 2005).
46
, ,
. , ,
,

, , .. (Manach et al, 2004,
Scalbert et al, 2005). 8
,
(Scalbert et al, 2005a).
8:
.
Boskou (2006),
, :

, .
(.. ) ""
.
,
.
47
(Scalbert
et al, 2005).
, ,
,
. , ,
, ,
,
(Tapiero et al, 2002, Scalbert et al, 2005, Han et al, 2007).
, /
(, 2006):
1. LDL
,
.
2. ,
,
. , ,
, .
3. , ,
Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Al .
.
4. (
).
5. .
6. HDL LDL.
7. ( ).
8. .
9. ( ).
10. .
11. DNA .
48
9: (Han et al, 2007).

...*
* .

"" (scavengers)
.
LDL ,
,
,
(Halliweel, 1999, , 2006).
"" in
vitro E C (RiceEvans et al, 1997).
49
/
(, 2006):
i.
. ,
,
.
ii. ,
.
.
iii. , .
Vita (2005),
.
,
LDL, ,
,
. ,
,
(Zern & Fernandez, 2005).
,
, DNA . ,
""

, (Halliwell, 1999, Urquiaga & Leighton,
2000, Stoclet et al, 2004). Bravo (1998),
( , , )
,
,

.
50

. ,

.
, .
, , ,
. ,
,
NNK
. , , ,
in vivo.
(Lambert et al, 2005).
10: ..
(),
(), Jurkat
T ,
. ,

51
Jurkat T, > > (Chen et

al, 2005, 2007).
, ,
,
,
. ,
,

. ,
, .

, ,
(Chen & Dou,
2008).
,

(Sharma et al, 2004, Garcea et al, 2005).
,
,
(Adams et al, 2004, Ohori et al, 2006).

, ,
.
,
(Gerritsen et al, 1995, Muldoon &
Kritchevsky, 1996),
(Chung et al, 1998, Parkar et al, 2008).
52
.3.2.
,
. , ,
,

(.. ). ,
, ,

(Mennen et al, 2005). ,
. Dunnick &
Hailey (1992)
.

DNA, , .
DNA ,
(Hadi et al, 2007). ,
, (Azmi et al, 2005,
Bhat et al, 2007).

(Chung et al, 1998).

. ,

.
,
(Mennen et al, 2005).
,
,
. ,
(Mennen et al, 2005).
53

.
.
.3.3.

(Bravo, 1998,
Chung et al, 1998, Crozier et al, 2000).

. ,
, , , , ..
. (Bravo, 1998).
,
, ,
.. , ,
, ,

(Asami et al, 2003).
.
,

. (.. )
(.. ). ,
. ,
, 70%
(Sosulski et al, 1982). ,
e (van der Sluis et al, 2001).
,
. ,
54
, , ,
.
. ,
75% 80%
(Crozier et al, 1997).

(Macheix et al, 1990).
, (Manach et
al, 2004).
.3.4.
,
, ,
. ,
,
,
(Manach et al, 2005). ,


, ""
, .
,
(pH, ,
, ..)
.

,
, ,
,
55
.

.
(Morand et al, 1998, Piskula & Terao,
1998,). ,

. , ,
(Manach et al, 1998, McAnlis et al, 1999).
, ,
, /
. , ,
, / ,
,
(Bravo, 1998, Wollgast & Anklam, 2000). ,
, .
,
. , ,
.
, ,
(Bravo, 1998).
, (Scalbert & Williamson, 2000).

,
,
. ,
, .
, 1-2
. , ,
(Bravo, 1998).
56
11: ,
(Scalbert & Williamson, 2000).
,
(EGCG) (ECG)
(Yang et al, 1998),
, , (Donovan et al, 1999).

, , .
,
, .
,
Cmax 1,5 5,5 ,
. 6
57
6: .
, ,
,

. , ,
, ,
, .

in vitro.
in vitro <0,1
mol/L >100 mol/L (Williamson & Manach, 2005)

(mg), (M)
(%).
58
7: (Scalbert & Williamson, 2000).
59
8: (DArchivio et al, 2007).
60
9 ,
, (mg/person/day),
. , 48%
, 42%
. (10%)
(Saura-Calixto et al, 2007).
9: .
367
67
36
197
62
614
8
455
151
185
346
45
-
119
38
35
74
4
-
1351
1182
270
.3.5.
, ,
, , .
, , ,
(Bravo, 1998).

.

.2.1,

.
LDL (Milde et al,
2007).
61
1 g/day,
.
,
C
(Scalbert & Williamson, 2000, Manach et al, 2004).

863 +/- 415 mg/d.
75% ,
(14%), (10%).

,
,
, (Ovaskainen et al, 2008).
,
2590 3016 mg/person/day. ,
, ,
(Saura-Calixto et al, 2007).

,
. ,
. (, , ,
), .
, , ,
. ,
(
), ,
(Cheynier, 2005).
,
, ,
(Lesschaeve & Noble, 2005).

(mg/kg) (mg/l)
62
10: .
( )
mg/kg
( mg/l)
mg/
(100 g)
80270
827
(100 g)
60100
610
(100 g)
40130
413
(200 g)
2090
418
(100 g)
20002200
200220
(100 g)
6001000
60100
(200 g)
1801150
36230
(200 g)
1401150
28230
(200 g)
600660
120132
(200 g)
50600
10120
(200 g)
15600
3120
(200 g)
200500
40100
450
45
100190
2038
310
23
(75 g)
7090
57
(200 ml)
10500
2100
3501750
70350
7500
1500
(100 g)
(200 g)
(75 g)
(200 ml)
(200 g)
(100 g)
10004000
100400
(100 g)
13004000
130400
(100 g)
2505000
25500
(200 g)
3007500
601500
(200 g)
3504500
70900
63
(100 g)
2000
200
(200 g)
150750
30150
(100 ml)
200350
2035
(200 g)
20250
450
(200 g)
250
50
(100 g)
3501200
35120
(200 g)
300600
60120
(200 g)
30225
645
(200 g)
15200
340
(200 g)
40100
820
(100 g)
30160
316
(100 g)
3070
37
(200 g)
2550
510
(200 g)
2040
48

(200 g)
1050
210
(200 g)
1540
38
(200 g)
215
0.43.0

(200 ml)
3045
69

(200 ml)
2035
47
(100 ml)
230
0.23
2401850
1.29.2
20140
428
510
0.51
(5 g)
(200 g)
(100 g)
(200 ml)
215685
40140
(200 ml)
100650
20130
(200 ml)
50300
1060
(75 g)
8001800
60135

(200 g)
200900
40180
64
(miso), (100 g)
250900
2590
(tofu), (100 g)
80700
870
Tempeh (100 g)
430530
4353
(200 ml)
30175
635
(50 g)
460610
2330
(200 g)
350550
70110
(200 g)
100250
2050
(200 g)
50220
1044
(200 g)
30175
635
(200 g)
50140
1028
130
13
(200 g)
20120
424
(200 ml)
100800
20160
(200 ml)
60500
12100
(100 ml)
80300
830
40
(100 g)
(200 ml)
.3.6.
.
, ,
, , , , ..,
, , , ..
(Boskou, 2006, DArchivio et al, 2007, Han et al, 2007, Pokorny, 2007).

, , , ,
,
( ).
65
.3.6.1.
,
.
,
, ( ) (Keen
et al, 2005).
12: .

, ,
, , . (Bearden et al, 2000, Lee et al,
2003).
,
, ,
(GAE) 611 mg/, 165 mg/ 340 mg/
. , ,
, (ECE), 564
mg/, 47 mg/ 163 mg/ (Pokorny, 2007).
66
Serafini (2003),

.
13:
, ,, ORAC (Oxygen Radical
Absorbance Capacity), (Wu, 2004, Gu, 2005).

Taubert (2007)
. , 6,8 g
, 30 ,
, .
,
.

,
,
LDL .

67
. ,
.
.
, , , ,
.
, ,
(Hermann. 2006).
.3.6.2.
(
) . ,

, .
.
,
(Lopez-Garcia, 2008).

(Farah, 2008).
Stalmach (2006),
.
,
2,

GLP-1, (Moreira et al,
2005). ,
, (Farah &
Donangelo, 2006). (200 ml)
50-150 mg (Clifford, 1999).
,
(, 1997).
14
(Stalmach, 2006).
68
14: .
.3.6.3.

(Vasilopoulou et al, 2005). ,
, (Josipura et al, 2001,
Mink et al, 2007).
Potter (1997) 200 ,

. , C
,
, ,
,
69
.
,
,
.

(, ..),
,
,
(Nicoli et al,
1999).
,
(Parkar et al, 2008). Dai
(2006),
,
, , .

,
> >
> > .
()
, .
,
(Decorde et al, 2008)
70
11: ,
.
mg/100 g

1
3
4
(-) (EGC)
(-)
(EGCG)
-3-
-3-
mg GAE/100 g
n.d.=not detected
mg/100 ml
155
n.d.
1,07
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
166
0,76
0,42
3,54
23,16
3,54
0,03
220
n.d.
5,17
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
589
2,58
1.31
0,74
5,62
n.d.
0,03
n.d.
0,15
n.d.
n.d.
1,07
0,56
1,22
0,04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
31,60
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
1,49
9,30
1,43
7,18
5,17
1,83
3,99
0,05
4,83
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
10,28
n.d.
n.d.
0,14
n.d.
1,11
3,08
0,58
2,29
(resveratrol, RVT)
(phytoalexins) (Soleas
et al, 1997).
15: .
71
, , ,

2 (Esmaillzadeh et al, 2004), (Aviram et al, 2004),
(Aviram et al, 2002), (West et al, 2007)
(Malik et al, 2005, Harper et al, 2007).
,
, .

, ,
(Rimando et al, 2004).
16: .
Scalbert Williamson (2000), ,
, ,
: , , ,
, . ,
(Carlson, 2003).
12:
.

(%)
-3-
38
-3-
22
-3-
15
-3-
13
-3-
12
72

(Boskou, 2006)
13: .
,
,
, ,

,
, ,
,
Hakkinen et al. (1998), Berlitz & Grosch

(1999),Wang & Lin (2000), YanishlievaMaslarova & Heinonen (2001),
Berlitz & Grosch (1999), YanishlievaMaslarova & Heinonen (2001), Manach et al.
(2004)
(2004)
Yanishlieva-Maslarova & Heinonen (2001),
Beecher (2003), Manach et al. (2004)
(2004
Manach et al. (2004)

Manach et al. (2004), Beecher (2003)
Chu et al. (2000)
, -
Bergman et al. (2001
,
450 mg
(Ock et al, 2005).
.3.6.4.

(Vasilopoulou et al, 2005).
, ,
(Hung et al, 2000, Wollin & Jones, 2001).

(Visioli et al, 2000).
73

.
, , , ,
(Lopez-Velez et al, 2003)

2 mg (Aggarwal & Shishodia, 2006).

. (Bertelli et al, 2002).

endothelin-1 (ET-1).

.
, (Corder et al, 2001).
( , , , ,
..)
(Romero et al, 2002).
(Briviba et al, 2002).

(Houde et al,
2006).
,
(, )
,
. ,
(Bertelli et al, 2003).
17: .
74
1992,
" " ("French Paradox").

, (Renaud &
De Lorgeril, 1992). ,
, ,
" , ",
(Buemann et al, 2002).
, ,
(, ..)

(Theodoropoulou et al, 2002).
.3.6.5.

(Vasilopoulou et al, 2005, Covas et
al, 2006, Calvano et al, 2007, Ben Othman et al, 2008).
,
50% (Andrikopoulos et
al, 1989).
,
, ,
.
100 mg/kg 800 mg/kg ,
, , , .. (Gutierez
et al, 2001).
(Visioli & Galli, 2002). 18
(Boskou, 2006).
14
, mg/100g .
,
(Ben Othman et al, 2008). 50 g
75
152 mg
.
14: ,
mg/100g .
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
34,6 1,6
29,45 3,8
n.d.
n.d.
13,79 6,6
-OH-
-OH-
219,8 3,2
35,55 1,3
274,8 9,7
283,2 9,8
83,34 5,8
n.d.
85,78 9,7
16,9 2,4
24,99 0,9
11,25 1,1
10,35 1,9
56,60 2,7
28,52 4,7
24,62 6,9
5,9 0,1
14,4 0,02
20,21 5,2
30,71 4,6
10,61 1,9
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
25,04 5,2
n.d.
11,5 0,9
n.d.
4,41 0,2
6,5 1,1
7,98 1,3
6,05 1,2
2,33 0,6
3,27 0,7
5,56 1,7
1,35 0,01
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
2,32 0,01
n.d.
1,21 0,6
-

-

-
n.d.
1,69 0,03
3,27 0,04
2,48 0,8
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
2,08 0,02
1,86 0,02
n.d.
11,02 3,8
3,91 0,04
1,17 0,09
4,1 0,35
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
2,12 0,25
1,43 0,06
n.d.
1,35 0,02
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
1,04 0,05
n.d.
n.d.
213 25,2
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
2,99 0,2
1,29 0,07
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
466,81
88,2
355,25
387,29
169,38
48,65
132,13
n.d.=not detected
18: .
76
18: ().
77

(), ,
,
(Visioli et al, 2000).
(Gimeno et al, 2007).
15: ,
.
(% )
(meq O2/kg )
(MUFA) %
(PUFA) %
(SFA) %

0-12
1-80
74-83
10-68
14-49
0
0-17
2-93
14-77
7-86
15
370
0-11
6-48
74-98
9-50
15-52
825
(mol CAE/ kg).

in vivo in vitro (Visioli & Galli, 2002)
, DNA (Fito et
al, 2000, Owen et al, 2000).
O Fito (2007),
,

(),
. , mRNA
,
. ,
.
(Visioli et al, 2000,
Carluccio et al, 2003, Covas et al, 2006, Galvano et al, 2007, Gimeno et al, 2007).
Owen (2000a),

, ,
78
.
,
.
,

(Owen et al, 2004).
.3.6.6.
,
. Camellia sinensis
: ( ), oolong tea ( )
( ), (Chen et al, 2008).
( ),
() (, , ).
:
1. (-) (EGCG)
2. (-) (EGC)
3. (-) (ECG)
4. (-) (EC)
30% 50% ,
10% () . ,
,
(3-6%) (10-30%).
(5%) (Dreosti, 2000, Galati et al, 2006)
79
19: (Galati et al, 2006).
Lee & Lee (2002),

, 1 g
200 ml 100
C 2 min.
124 mg 165 mg . ,

239 mg , 436 mg
.

, Lee & Lee (2002)
. ,
149 mg GAE/g, 205 mg
GAE/g (Gramza et al, 2006).
Serafini (1996),

.
80
(Hertog et al, 1997).

, ,
(Reddy et al, 2005).
,
(Chen et al,
2008, Kuriyama, 2008), oolong tea
, ,
. ,
oolong tea , ,
. (Kuriyama et al, 2006).
Chow (2003),

, , , , ,
. , ,
.
, Kurahashi (2008),
.
, ,
EGCG, ,
, DNA ,
,
,
(Chen et al, 2008).

DN LDL (Vinson et al, 2004).
16 ,
, (Wang et al, 1994).
81
16: , ,
.
(g/ml)
(-) (EGCG)
128
104
444
367
(-) (EGC)
73
69
90
90
(-) (ECG)
(-) (EC)
(+) (CT)
42
33
411
313
37
20
28
28
98
21
72
20
300
262
1064
862
3 -
3' -
3,3' -
22
20
13
9
12
12
7
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
64
36
95
97
101
101
1466
1140
589
625
1925
1535
1754
1588
218
<4
221
<4
4350
3890
3980
3550
.3.7.
,
, , ,
, , ,
.. 19 ,
.
,
40% (Zheng & Wang, 2001).

82
,
(Madsen & Bertelsen, 1995).
,
(Hu & Willett, 2001).

, , , (Kahkonen
et al, 1999). , ,
(Lee et al, 2004). Craig (1999),

, .
Kaefer & Milner (2008) ,
( ),
(, , , ),
,
, , .
20:
83
,
, ,
.
17:
(Watson, 2001).
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,

Lamiaceae (Fecka & Turek, 2008),
, (Erkan et al, 2008), (Zandi &
Ahmadi, 2000),
Lamiaceae
(,
..)

(Craig, 1999).
Ho (2000)
,
. , ,
BHT,
. , ,
BHT
. ,
C3 .

, (Thorsen & Hildenbrandt, 2003).
84
Lu & Foo (2001) ,

. ,

: 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-glycosides > luteolin-7-glycosides > luteolin-3glycosides > apigenin glycosides.
21: (Salvia Officinalis), (Lu &

Foo, 2001).
85

, , ,
,
(Wojdylo et al, 2007)
18:
, , , .

TEAC (M trolox/100g dw)
ABTS
DPPH
FRAP
Lamiaceae 8,25 0,09

17,0 0,23 41,2 0,23 167 1.01
Salvia officinalis
Lamiaceae 0,15 0,01
19,9 1,00 79,6 2,04 405 2,22
Origanum vulgare
Lamiaceae 1,71 0,02
38,7 0,11 513 5,99
662 4,66
Rosmarinus officinalis
Clusiaceae 0,55 0,01
57,8 1,23 82,3 0,56 420 5,89
Hypericum perforatum
Lamiaceae 0,58 0,02
35,4 0,12 295 5,83
693 5,87
Thymus vulgaris
1
mg GAE/100 g (dw).
19: ,
, , (mg/100 g dw).

Salvia officinalis
Origanum vulgare
Thymus vulgaris

Salvia officinalis
Origanum vulgare
Thymus vulgaris

NCA
p-CA
CA
FA
296 0.00
53.1 0.11
10.3 0.17
649 0.07
96.3 0.21
406 0.34
36.2 0.20
229 0.11
32.3 0.16
9.38 0.05
517 0.54
90.5 0.11
LUT
API
QUE
KAEM
178 1.11
49.6 0.03
49.7 0.20
90.5 0.11
13.5 0.11
I-RHA
MYR
22.1 0.33
616 0.43
43.8 0.44
5.89 0.03
CA: , NCA: , p-CA: - , FA: , QUE: ,

KAEM: , LUT: , API: , I-RHA: , MYR: .
, (BCB,
DPPH TBARS), ,

. 20 21

(Kulisic et al. 2006)
86
20:
( 60 g/L).
mg GAE/l
mg GAE/l
mg GAE/l
mg/l
mg/l
12500
2000
9000
1500
3500
500
50
70
2600
400
21: .
sample=1 g

-7--
-7--
n.d.=not detected
m/mg
m/mg
n.d.
0,02 0,01
17,20 0,18
123,22 10,57
3,89 0,03
5,97 0,12
0,70 0,01
0,61 0,01
0,03 0,00
0,05 0,01
0,02 0,00
1,96 0,09
17,45 0,21
1,36 0,02
2,37 0,01
0,16 0,00
0,41 0,01
0,05 0,00

(Coridothymus
capitatus, Thymus Capitatus),
(Origanum vulgare), (Origanum dictamnus)
(Origanum majorana), Penicillium digitatum, Botrytis
cinerea, Fusarium sp. (Fusarium solani var. coeruleum) Clavibacter
michiganensis, subsp. Michiganensis.
GC-MS ( .., 2006)
87
22: , ,
..
.
, ,
Penicillium digitatum, 125
ppm in vitro .
,
, -, -4- - ( .., 2006)

(Yanishlieva et al, 2006).
88
22: ..
23: .
89
(Origanum
dictamnus),
Gram (Staphylococcus
aureus, Bacillus subtilis Micrococcus flavus) Gram
(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis Escherichia coli)
, . ,
,
,
(5, 30 60 mg/l).
, ,
. ,
,

(Economakis et al, 2002).
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
,
. , ,

, - (Couladis et al,
2003).

(Cuminum cyminum)
E.
coli, S. aureus L. Monocytogenes,
.
(Gachkar et al, 2007).

, BHT
BHA, , .. (Sebranek et
al, 2005, Fasseas et al, 2007, Gomez-Estaca et al, 2008).
90
23:
(Gachkar et al, 2007).
3-
-
1,8-
-4-
-

cis--
-
D
RI
934
945
966
972
982
1013
1024
1089
1104
1127
1155
1166
1177
1187
1246
1274
1424
1448
1481
1673
%
14,90
3,33
1,61
0,56
2,07
0,71
7,43
14,90
0,75
4,97
3,68
1,70
0,83
1,94
23,70
3,08
2,68
1,26
0,52
1,01
Bray (1999),
,
, . ,
,
, .

S. mutans S. Sanguinis. , ,
,
, , , (Tsai et al,
2008).

, Sideritis,
, .
, : 1-rhamnosyl, 1-coumaroyl,
dihydrocaffeoyl, protocatechuic tetraester of quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin 7O-glucoside,
apigenin,
4-O-methylisoscutellarein
91
7-O-[6-Oacetyl-b-D-
allopyranosyl-(12)-b-D-glucopyranoside], isoscutellarein 7-O-[6-O-acetyl-b-Dallopyranosyl-(12)-b-D-glucopyranoside],
4-O-methylisoscutellarein
7-O[b-D-
allopyranosyl-(12)-b-D-glucopyranoside] 4-O-methylisoscutellarein 7-O-[b-Dallopyranosyl-(12)-6-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside].

, ,
(Armata et al, 2008).
, , FolinCiocalteu,
,
. 88 0,42 mg
GAE/240 ml, 847 8,89 mg GAE/240 ml
1216 32 mg GAE/240 ml (Atoui et al, 2005)
Tatsis (2007),
(ypericum perforatum) (,
,
3,
8-
) ( , 3-- ).
24: ,
. (Silva et al, 2008).
92
,

(Silva et al, 2008).
(Matricaria chamomilla),
106 0,37 mg GAE/240 ml (Atoui et al,
2005). , in vitro,
Helicobacter pylori, Gram-

(Stamatis et al, 2003).
,
.
25: , HPLC, 60%

.

(mg/g )
60%
60%
1,11 0,79
1,41 0,16
2,57 0,06
6,95 0,26
1,04 0,02
0,25 0,18
1,51 0,26
3,91 0,59
8,90 0,43
3,24 0,45
0,43 0,35
0,84 0,03
0,95 0,06
4,83 0,14
1,99 0,87
n.d.
0,66 0,02
0,96 0,10
5,92 0,15
1,11 0,33
n.d.=not detected
13,08
17,81
9,04
8,65
,
,
(Chun et al, 2005).
Capecka
(2006),
. ,
,
80% 50%.
93
(Laurus nobilis) ,
(Kang et al, 2002, Skerget et al, 2005).
4,02 0,90 mg GAE/g
31,70 0,97 mol Trolox/g (Zheng &
Wang, 2001).
(Origanum microphyllum) 1022 g ,
5,4-Dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone
31% . ,
,
. 981 g
/g (Skoula et al, 2008).

(Satureja thymbra) (0,68 -=1), 21 .

, -=1 (Couladis et al, 2003).
(Mentha pulegium)
.

,
,
(Chohan et al,
2008).
,
. ,
,
,
,
. ,

(Kaefer & Milner, 2008).
94
95
.
1
.1.
,
.
, .

Cryodos 45 (Telsar, Spain)
OHAUS,
250 ml.
250 ml 400 ml
( )
14 .
( ) ,
.
14
3 g .
96
250 ml
250 ml.
(3 g)
.

( 4 min).

.
,
.
, ,
( ),
250 ml,
,
(200 ml). ""
50 ml .
, 250 ml 400 ml
,
.
, 24 h -38 C.
.
,
,
.
: ()
,
, ()
, ()
, , ()
.
97
, ,
,
.
,
(-38 C) .
1 , ,
, , 2
(g) , (ml)
,
, mg/ml mg/cup (200ml) .
( 1 2).
1: .

Origanum microphyllum
Lamiaceae
Laurus nobilis
Lauraceae
Lamiaceae
Origanum dictamnus
Lamiaceae
Satureja thymbra
Lamiaceae
Thymus vulgaris
Lamiaceae
Origanum majorana
Lamiaceae
Origanum vulgare
Lamiaceae
10
Sideritis syriaca
Lamiaceae
11
ypericum perforatum
Clusiaceae
12
Salvia officinalis
Lamiaceae
13
Mentha pulegium
Lamiaceae
14
Matricaria chamomilla
Asteraceae
98
2: ,
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
(g)
(ml)
(mg/ml)
(mg/cup=200ml)
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
2,09
0,46
0,60
2,04
2,42
2,44
2,71
2,15
3,10
1,95
3,39
1,15
2,25
3,55
417,2
92,1
120,0
407,3
483,5
489,4
541,1
430,6
620,0
390,0
708,1
230,0
450,0
710,0
1: mg/ml .
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
99
2: mg/cup (200ml) .
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
100
.
2
.2.
,
,
,

(abs).
,
/ (GC/MS), . ,
14 .
.2.1.
,
.1.,

.
,
,
GC/MS, .
101
OHAUS,
Eppendorf (1,5 ml)
Eppendorf tips

(-38 C) 14
.
.
Eppendorf 1,5 ml. ,
Folin-Ciocalteu 4 mg ,
, 2 mg,
2 mg . , Eppendorf (1,5
ml) ,
, 1 ml . ,
Folin-Ciocalteu 4 mg 1 ml
(4 mg/ml) , (2 mg/ml),
2 mg 1 ml
(2 mg/ml).
.
.2.2. (FolinCiocalteu)
Folin-Ciocalteu

, .
102
Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent
(Na2CO3, 20% w/v)
UV / Vis Uvicon 931 (Contron, Milano, Italy)
Vortex
Eppendorf tips
Eppendorf (1,5 ml)

45 g 100 ml
. ,
24 h
1 l. , Eppendorf 1,5 ml ,
, 790 l , 10 l 50 l FC
reagent. , Vortex
150 l Na2CO3. Vortex
2 h. (control samples),
10 l , 10 l .
, .
,
.
750 nm.
103

3: (Folin-
mg gallic acid/l
Ciocalteu).
y = 956,05x - 34,516
R2 = 0,997
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
0,5
1,5
Abs

3: 750nm Folin-Ciocalteu.
0,1842
0,2162
0,2244
0,0340
0,0414
0,0465
0,1336
0,1378
0,1448
0,2222
0,2754
0,3021
0,4791
0,5021
0,2792*
0,2680
0,3629
0,3130
0,4796
0,4965
0,6329*
0,3269
0,3567
0,3041
0,4822
0,4189
0,4597
0,2889
0,2911
0,2188
0,5950*
0,5020
0,5041
0,4143
0,3579
0,3545
0,6222
0,6225
0,4854*
0,1459
0,1236
0,1522
* , .
104
.2.3.

() .
DMACA (-) 0,2% MeOH
HCl () 0,24 MeOH
Vortex
Eppendorf tips
Eppendorf (1,5 ml)

Eppendorf 1,5 ml , , 200
l . , 500 l HCl (0,24 N MeOH) 500 l
DMACA (0,2% MeOH). Vortex
10 min.
, , 640 nm ,
,
.
,
. ,
.
105

4: (Total Flavanols).
y = 16,206x + 0,2933
R2 = 0,9993
35
mg /l
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0,5
1,5
2,5
Abs

,
. .
.2.4.

() .
[AlCl3 (2% 5% MeOH)]
(5% MeOH)
106
Eppendorf tips
Eppendorf (2 ml)

Eppendorf 2 ml , , 50 l
AlCl3 (2% 5% MeOH), 500 l 500 l 5%
MeOH. , , 500 l
500 l . 30 min
. ,
. ,

. 415 nm.

5: (Total Flavones).
y = 101,04x + 0,0651
2
R = 0,9993
12
mg /l
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
Abs
107
0,08
0,1
0,12

4: 415nm .
0,1931
0,2026
0,1936
0,0329
0,0355
0,0344
0,2539
0,2697
0,2579
0,4340
0,4372
0,4355
0,6219
0,6174
0,5962
0,3729
0,3765
0,3773
0,6409
0,6488
0,6484
0,5747
0,5834
0,5985
0,6409
0,6401
0,6319
0,4114
0,4084
0,4115
0,9326
0,9403
0,9270
0,6827
0,6936
0,7019
0,2939
0,2878
0,2865
0,3459
0,3556
0,3502
.2.5.

() .
(Butanol)
n- (n-butanol)
Eppendorf tips
108
Eppendorf (2 ml)

700 l . , 95
C, 45 min. , 250 l n-.
, 50 ml
. ,
. ,

. 550 nm.

.

5: 550nm
0,1842
0,2162
.2.6. (DPPH)
,
DPPHy (1,1--2--
).
DPPH MeOH (3,9 mg 100 ml)
109
Vortex
Eppendorf tips
Eppendorf (1,5 ml)

975 l DPPH. , Vortex
30 min. .
t=0 min t=30 min.
, .
,
.
515 nm. Trolox (
E).

6: (DPPH).
y = 0,0181x - 0,0038
2
R = 0,9996
1,8
1,6
mM Trolox
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
%515
110
60
70
80
90
100

6: 515nm DPPH*.
%515
%515
%515
0,7711
0,7902
0,7849
19,33
17,33
17,89
0,8882
0,9026
0,8986
7,08
5,58
5,99
0,8621
0,8786
0,8622
9,81
8,09
9,80
0,2787
0,2444
0,2238
70,84
74,43
76,59
0,5891
0,5753
0,6091
38,37
39,82
36,28
0,7618
0,7720
0,7486
20,31
19,24
21,69
0,5922
0,5834
0,5807
38,05
38,97
39,25
0,6731
0,7208
0,6887
29,58
24,59
27,95
0,4811
0,5171
0,5591
49,67
45,90
41,51
0,7653
0,7741
0,7838
19,94
19,02
18,00
0,1113
0,0796
0,0853
88,36
91,67
91,08
0,6427
0,6501
0,6473
32,76
31,99
32,28
0,4321
0,4236
0,4032
54,80
55,69
57,82
0,7921
0,8154
0,8060
17,14
14,70
15,68
, ,
* t=0 0515 = 0,9559.
.2.7. (FRAP)
FRAP (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power)
.
, Fe3+,
(ascorbic acid).
[FeCl3, (3 mM se 5 mM HCl)]
TPTZ [(2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine), (2,4,6--s-)] 0,05

HCl

111
Vortex
Eppendorf tips
Eppendorf (1,5 ml)

Eppendorf 1,5 ml , , 50
l 50 l FeCl3. ,
37 C 30 min. , 900 l 1 mM TPTZ
Vortex. , FeCl3, .
, .
, .
. 10 min, 620 nm.
.

7: (FRAP).
y = 0,3049x - 0,0564
2
R = 0,9977
mM
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0
0,5
1
Abs
112
1,5

7: 620nm (FRAP).
0,3866
0,4015
0,3938
0,0737
0,0716
0,0800
0,2624
0,2561
0,2767
0,7293
0,7756
0,7676
0,7802
0,8756
0,8691
0,4397
0,4397
0,4497
0,8739
0,8018
0,8425
0,6486
0,6523
0,6662
0,6684
0,6092
0,5890
0,4994
0,5057
0,5057
1,1273
1,1153
1,0868
0,5994
0,5329
0,5698
0,9829
1,0369
1,0369
0,3705
0,3852
0,3901
.2.8.
(GC/MS)
(GC/MS)
3-(4- - )-1- (19,2 g/ml)
BSTFA [bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide, -]
(GC) (6890N Agilent Technologies

5973 Mass Selective Detector & 7683 Series Injector)
113
OHAUS,
(vials)
Eppendorf tips
GC
vials

(-38 C)
.
1 mg
(vial) 1,5 ml.
vial 50 l . vial
, .
, 250 l
BSTFA,
(TMS) . vials

20
min 70 C, .

,

(selective ion monitoring). :
: 250 C
MSD (MSD transfer line):

300 C.
: 1 l
: He 0.6 ml/min.
114
(split ratio): 20:1.
: HP-5 MS 5% phenyl95% methyl

siloxane, 30 m, 0.25 mm
0,25 m.
: () 70 C
5 min, () 70-130 C 15 C/min, () 130-160 C
4 C/min 15 min () 160 300
C 10 C/min () 15
min.
.
, 3-(4--) -1- .
9
80 3500 ng/ml
.
R2 > 0.996
.
0.05
RT, RT = .
(target ions), 1-2
(qualifier ions),
.
m/z - () (Q1 Q2).
8: , .
/
RT(min)
Target
ion
17,26
194
Qualifier ions
q1, q2
(m/z)a
209
17,51
205
220
18,28
179
267, 282
19,66
267
223, 193
115
20,12
252
296, 281
23,03
205
179
25,55
192
310
25,94
297
267, 312
27,25
326
267, 311
10
28,74
293
308, 147
11
29,96
193
355, 370
12
3-4
30,84
384
267, 179
13
34,43
327
342, 312
14
35,42
308
293, 219
15
36,39
281
458, 443
16
38,57
338
323, 308
17
39,28
396
219, 381
18
40,58
368
353, 338
19
44,9
444
445, 443
20
45,3
383
384
21
46,08
368
355, 474
22
46,13
473
296
23
46,26
368
355, 474
24
46,73
473
25
48
559
560
26
48,6
345
307, 324
27
49,27
647
559, 575
28
49,97
735
647, 575
29
56,38
203
320, 482
30
57,43
203
320, 482
3-(4- - ) -1-
21,73
206
191, 179
116
.
3
.3.

, , ,
.
. , ,
(cup=200 ml),
,
. ,
,
/ (GC/MS),
.
.3.1. (Folin-Ciocalteu)

(y = 956,05x - 34,516) (abs)
.2.2.
,
mg/ml
(FD).
mg GAE/l,
,

(cup=200 ml) .

, mg GAE/l mg GAE/cup
(200 ml).
117
9: *.
(mg/ml)
FD
mg GAE/l
mg GAE/cup (200ml)
164,60 20,31
32,12 4,06
4,33 6,01
0,87 1,20
98,12 5,41
19,62 1,08
220,34 38,89
44,07 7,78
434,52 15,55
86,90 3,11
266,29 45,38
53,26 9,08
432,08 11,42
86,42 2,28
280,25 25,22
56,05 5,04
399,15 30,68
79,83 6,14
220,05 39,31
44.01 7,86
446,42 1,42
89,28 0,28
324,54 32,11
64,91 6,42
560,48 0,20
112,10 0,04
99,87 14,37
19,97 2,87
* (GAE).

. ,
( 8).
8: .
600
400
300
200
100
mg GAE/l
500
118

( 9),
.
,
.
9:
.
mg GAE/cup (200ml)
120
100
80
60
40
20
.3.2.

14 .
.
.3.3.
y = 101,04x + 0,0651
,
.
.2.4.
119
.
. ,
.
mg /l mg /cup (200 ml),
,
. .
10: .
(mg/ml)
FD
mg rutin/l
mg rutin/cup
39,83 1,08
7,97 0,22
7,05 0,26
1,41 0,05
52,77 1,66
10,55 0,33
88,15 0,32
17,63 0,06
123,77 2,77
24,75 0,55
76,02 0,47
15,20 0,09
130,68 0,90
26,14 0,18
118,45 2,43
23,69 0,49
128,98 1,01
25,80 0,20
83,07 0,36
16,61 0,07
188,73 1,35
37,75 0,27
140,12 1,95
28,02 0,39
58,61 0,80
11,72 0,16
70,97 0,98
14,19 0,20
,

mg /l. , ,
.
120
10: .
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
mg rutin/l
200
180
,
. ,

. 1,41 0,05 mg /cup
.
.
11: .
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
mg rutin/cup (200ml)
40
121
.3.4.
14
, .
13 , ,
, .
. BeerLambert C = A / E*L. ,

. A
(550 nm), E 26.900, L
1 cm., C .
C
(..= 449,2),
mg CyE/l , g CyE/l,
.
(200 ml).
11: *.
(mg/ml)
FD
g CyE/l
2
1
3,34 0,38
* (CyE).
g CyE/cup (200 ml)

0,67 0,08
.3.5. (DPPH)

y = 0,0181x - 0,0038, x = %515 = [(0515 30515) / 0515] * 100
6 .2.6. ,
mmol/l , Trolox (..=
250,3) mg/l Trolox. , ,

(200 ml).
.
122
12: (DPPH)*.
(mg/ml)
FD
mg Trolox/l
mg Trolox /cup
162,70 10,01
32,54 2,30
55,07 9,51
11,01 1,90
82,60 10,01
16,52 2,00
668,30 27,53
133,66 5,51
342,91 15,02
68,58 3,00
182,72 10,01
36,54 2,00
350,42 5,01
70,08 1,00
245,29 22,53
49,06 4,51
413,00 37,55
82,60 7,51
170,20 10,01
34,04 2,00
815,98 15,02
163,20 3,00
290,35 2,50
58,07 0,50
505,61 15,02
101,12 3.00
142,67 10,01
28,53 2,00
* Trolox.
,

, .
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
mgTrolox/l
12: .
123

, . ,
, ,
.
13: .
mg Trolox/cup (200 ml)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
.3.6. (FRAP)
FRAP,
.2.7
y = 0,3049x - 0,0564 (FD) ,
(FD=2), ,
FD=4. , mmol
/l ,
(..= 176,1) mg /l.
.
124
13: *.
(mg/ml)
FD
mg ascorbic acid/l
mg ascorbic acid/cup
22,44 0,80
4,49 0,16
0,35 0,47
0,07 0,09
8,60 1,13
1,72 0,23
122,96 5,32
24,59 1,06
70,52 5,72
14,10 1,14
27,71 0,62
5,54 0,12
70,28 3,88
14,06 0,78
50,55 1,00
10,11 0,20
93,90 8,86
18,78 1,77
34,22 0,07
6,84 0,01
198,63 4,47
39,73 0,89
41,06 3,58
8,21 0,72
89,55 3,35
17,91 0,67
21,15 1,10
4,23 0,22
* (ascorbic acid).
14 ,
, .
14: .
200
150
100
50
mg ascorbic acid/l
250
125

. , ,
, 23
.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
mg ascorbic acid/cup (200ml)
15: (200 ml).
.3.7. (GC/MS)

/ ,
.2.8.
ng/mg ( g/g) freeze dried g/cup (200 ml)

,
. 28 ,
. ,
. ,

. .
126
14:
GC/MS.
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
0,00
14,84 0,27
0,59 0,33
128,09 1,91
19,99 0,24
1,52 0,40
0,00
89,59 7,92
0,00
26,12 36,93
130,89 15,48
45,01 14,88
16,47 0,81
1,40 1,44
32,57 7,45
0,00
64,01 13,17
19,27 3,06
41,16 4,01
0,00
0,00
18,85 1,46
0,00
18,20 2,23
0,00
88,95 10,31
0,00
0,00
0,00
124,96 6,72
0,00
0,00
20,23 2,90
tr
14,31 1,13
tr
27,52 6,30
0,00
0,00
0,00
27,59 3,85
0,00
24,78 2,01
95,46 8,80
0,00
0,00
0,00
170,56 42,44
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
- OH
- OH

12
3-4 OH
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
238,43 45,52
36,37 51,43
16,21 22,92
71,63 2,11
272,13 22,84
53,82 0,11
42,77 0,03
51,17 3,37
45,90 2,32
262,11 14,71
71,56 0,36
0,00
46,61 0,27
39,90 2,84
89,88 7,30
0,00
64,95 1,02
91,87 12,01
0,00
41,50 0,23
0,00
39,19 0,75
0,00
68,84 0,37
0,00
0,00
46,85 4,85
114,32 8,66
0,00
81,30 0,33
515,83 23,49
26,52 37,50
54,15 0,78
0,00
41,63 3,18
0,00
68,67 0,35
0,00
0,00
60,35 7,10
45,59 7.06
36,96 6,21
0,00
166,44 16,67
0,00
0,00
70,90 1,90
88,97 4,51
54,08 2,43
79,52 15,60
77,73 3,38
0,00
26
27
28
29
30
56,23 12,60
53,13 0,11
0,00
33,72 2.31
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
148,90 6,84
102,51 1,12
90,87 10,57
38,79 6,80
0,00
0,00
0,00
1729,66 37,41
33,72 2,31
674,84 68,84
0,00
1201,59 87,56
251,41 5,72
1180,06 25,54
0,00
127
14 ().
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
ng/mg g/g
freeze dried
11,80 0,71
17,44 0,87
tr
23,98 3,40
0,00
0,00
0,00
113,84 12,49
0,00
69,92 9,74
64,67 6,07
62,46 4,70
19,48 6,87
tr
39,58 4,27
30,83 3,18
0,00
0,00
91,26 14,82
0,00
62,34 1,24
108,17 1,72
tr
17,62 2,28
tr
58,01 3,80
0,00
0,00
0,00
71,50 1,10
0,00
66,11 11,75
149,92 8,73
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
- OH
- OH

-

tr
15,07 2,10
tr
43,52 1,65
0,00
0,00
0,00
62,19 1,25
0,00
0,00
88,75 4,89
12
3-4 OH
143,09 6,97
52,14 1,08
158,40 9,93
0,00
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
94,43 3,80
0,00
0,00
0,00
705,08 15,08
0,00
0,00
0,00
41,36 3,15
135,74 19,69
71,75 1,05
80,58 17,07
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
169,55 10,82
0,00
0,00
75,99 13,01
633,35 12,89
55,23 0,07
0,00
0,00
43,34 2,03
68,65 0,62
77,99 2,16
61,00 5,75
0,00
55,96 14,80
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
163,51 10,26
146,16 10,76
60,18 1,85
148,45 9,01
1164,55 97,09
103,17 4,63
0,00
126,71 4,67
72,98 10,47
107,66 30,19
113,77 41,42
0,00
82,62 8,34
0,00
80,75 9,14
0,00
60,38 7,47
89,02 1,77
70,60 1,76
79,84 2,58
0,00
66,77 2,08
445,90 6,00
53,06 0,62
59,45 0,67
115,51 2,05
55,65 0,48
56,56 1,56
71,42 0,39
68,36 1,60
46,24 2,04
507,85 13,05
52,28 0,31
0,00
216,45 40,58
190,40 19,56
1481,53 67,11
0,00
1594,80 71,57
0,00
2818,84 302,61
149,40 5,69
2113,37 10,18
406,85 60,14
128
14 ().
ng/mg g/g freeze

dried
ng/mg g/g freeze

dried
ng/mg g/g freeze

dried
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
- OH
- OH

-
0,00
0,00
0,00
91,63 11,09
0,00
0,00
0,00
52,20 5,52
0,00
31,95 45,18
tr
43,52 1,27
tr
90,66 2,48
0,00
0,00
0,00
64,29 0,10
0,00
57,64 1,07
tr
16,70 0,87
tr
60,52 1,13
0,00
0,00
0,00
83,39 8,07
0,00
0,00
11
273,51 57,65
140,28 15,51
387,36 52,21
12
3-4 OH
70,82 8,30
0,00
0,00
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
63,14 2,75
74,68 3,01
0,00
74,48 3,73
1446,08 14,74
0,00
0,00
0,00
73,54 7,23
190,53 66,28
98,95 5,92
73,36 0,78
0,00
0,00
67,80 1,63
0,00
48,05 3,54
64,78 5,03
97,53 1,32
138,94 7,60
0,00
74,72 2,50
230,78 22,36
0,00
0,00
107,37 6,82
98,55 19,44
53,06 0,15
80,27 7,21
0,00
0,00
2124,34 223,61
218,47 83,17
0,00
0,00
0,00
50,29 0,95
108,96 14,25
142,19 9,50
67,52 0,54
260,07 75,37
0,00
0,00
89,10 7,83
41383,30 748,15
0,00
4874,54 170,10
0,00
233,74 3,86
1484,15 42,91
4430,96 150,50
0,00
0,00
0,00
2682,63 173,13
112,83 8,57
3620,38 125,36
0,00
53672,75 981,08
0,00
129
14 ().
ng/mg g/g freeze

dried
ng/mg g/g freeze

dried
ng/mg g/g freeze

dried
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
- OH
- OH

-
tr
13,42 1,25
34,10 17,10
81,69 23,65
0,00
0,00
11,71 16,55
45,99 8,13
0,00
44,64 12,72
0,00
32,00 10,96
tr
39,99 16,24
0,00
0,00
0,00
103,89 26,05
0,00
65,33 18,61
tr
47,57 1,64
tr
25,79 1,73
0,00
2,67 0,86
0,00
141,73 6,28
0,00
0,00
11
96,10 10,82
51,84 9,96
829,15 42,95
12
3-4 OH
30,44 7,20
40,63 2,00
0,00
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
56,63 9,96
71,93 12,21
0,00
74,65 4,65
1146,42 365,57
56,42 1,87
300,70 255,27
56,89 8,49
41,17 1,85
81,72 38,59
68,88 0,28
93,42 29,49
50,07 1,72
71,42 35,37
47,72 4,57
0,00
288,83 59,63
177,01 35,27
78,36 20,12
240,13 12,22
0,00
0,00
835,83 24,46
54,81 0,39
0,00
103,71 2,23
50,99 6,31
0,00
71,87 1,90
0,00
0,00
234,55 44,83
0,00
0,00
29,61 5,67
48,95 5,80
45,42 5,03
62,15 4,99
45,06 18,39
68,53 0,84
370,72 85,09
0,00
41,91 0,18
78,61 2,01
38,81 0,68
0,00
69,80 1,29
631,20 70,74
47,03 1,55
6765,44 106,69
44,21 0,31
0,00
0,00
0,00
2576,08 342,39
465,84 94,90
2003,90 191,04
78,56 11,47
9355,78 348.90
0,00
130

GC/MS.
16: (GC/MS).
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
ng/mg g/g freeze dried
,
, .
,
. ,
.
, , ,
, .
, .
,
.
400 ng/mg ( g/g)
, , ,
.
.
131
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
ng/mg g/g freeze dried
17: (GC/MS).
(g) (200 ml),

,
.
132
15: (200ml).
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
- OH
- OH

-
0,00
2,97 0,05
0,12 0,07
25,62 0,38
4,00 0,05
0,30 0,08
0,00
17,918 1,58
0,00
5,22 7,39
9,00 2,97
3,29 0,16
0,28 0,29
6,51 1,49
0,00
12,80 2,63
3,85 0,61
8,23 0,80
0,00
0,00
0,00
3,64 0,45
0,00
17,79 2,06
0,00
0,00
0,00
24,99 1,34
0,00
0,00
tr
2,86 0,23
tr
5,59 1,26
0,00
0,00
0,00
5,52 0,77
0,00
4,96 0,40
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

3-4 OH

-

26,18 3,10
0,00
47,69 9,10
7,27 10,29
3,24 4,58
14,33 0,42
54,43 4568
10,76 0,02
8,55 0,01
10,23 0,67
9,18 0,46
52,42 2,94
14,31 0,07
0,00
9,32 0,05
11,25 2,52
10,63 0,02
0,00
6,74 0,46
0,00
3,77 0,29
0,00
7,98 0,57
17,98 1,46
0,00
12,99 0,20
18,37 2,40
0,00
8,30 0,005
0,00
7,84 0,15
0,00
13,77 0,07
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
4,05 0,58
0,00
9,37 0,97
22,86 1,73
0,00
16,26 0,07
103,17 4,70
5,30 7,50
10,83 0,16
0,00
8,33 0,64
0,00
13,73 0,07
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
29,78 1,37
20,50 0,22
19,09 1,76
34,11 8,49
12,07 1,42
9,12 1,41
7,39 1,24
0,00
33,29 3,33
0,00
0,00
14,18 0,38
17,79 0,90
10,82 0,49
15,90 3,12
15,55 0,68
0,00
18,17 2,11
7,76 1,36
0,00
0,00
0,00
345,93 7,48
6,74 0,46
134,97 13,77
0,00
240,31 17,51
50,28 1,14
236,01 5,10
0,00
133
15 ().
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
- OH
- OH

-
tr
3,01 0,42
tr
8,70 0,33
0,00
0,00
0,00
12,44 0,25
0,00
0,00
2,36 0,14
3,49 0,17
tr
4,80 0,68
0,00
0,00
0,00
22,77 2,50
0,00
13,98 1,95
12,49 0,94
3,96 1,37
tr
7,92 0,85
6,17 0,64
0,00
0,00
18,25 2,96
0,00
12,47 0,25
tr
3,52 0,46
tr
11,60 0,76
0,00
0,00
0,00
14,30 0,22
0,00
13,22 2,35
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

3-4 OH

-

17,75 0,98
28,62 1,39
18,89 0,76
0,00
0,00
0,00
141,02 3,02
0,00
0,00
0,00
8,27 0,63
27,15 3,94
14,35 0,21
16,12 3,41
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
12,93 1,21
10,43 0,22
33,91 2,16
0,00
0,00
15,20 2,60
126,67 2,58
11,05 0,01
0,00
0,00
8,67 0,40
13,73 0,12
15,60 0,43
12,20 1,15
0,00
11,19 2,96
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
21,63 0,34
31,68 1,99
32,70 2,05
29,23 2,15
12,04 0,37
29,69 1,80
232,91 19,42
20,63 0,93
0,00
25,34 0,93
24,60 2,09
21,53 6,04
22,75 8,28
0,00
16,52 1,67
0,00
16,15 1,83
0,00
12,08 1,49
17,80 0,35
29,98 1,75
0,00
14,12 0,35
15,97 0,52
0,00
13,35 0,42
89,18 1,20
10,61 0,12
11,89 0,13
23,10 0,41
11,13 0,10
11,31 0,31
14,28 0,08
13,67 0,32
9,25 0,41
101,57 2,61
10,46 0,06
0,00
43,29 8,12
38,08 3,91
296,31 13,42
0,00
318,96 14,31
0,00
563,77 60,52
29,88 1,14
422,67 2,04
81,37 12,03
134
15 ().
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
0,00
0,00
0,00
18,33 2,22
0,00
0,00
0,00
10,44 1,10
0,00
6,39 9,04
54,70 11,53
14,16 1,66
12,63 0,55
14,92 0,60
0,00
14,90 0,74
289,22 2,95
0,00
0,00
0,00
14,71 1,45
38,11 13,26
19,79 1,18
14,67 0,16
0,00
0,00
13,56 0,33
0,00
9,61 0,71
tr
8,70 0,25
tr
18,13 0,50
0,00
0,00
0,00
12,86 0,02
0,00
11,53 0,21
28,06 3,10
0,00
19,51 0,26
27,79 1,52
0,00
14,94 0,50
46,16 4,47
0,00
0,00
21,47 1,36
19,71 3,89
10,61 0,03
16,05 1,44
0,00
0,00
424,87 44,72
43,69 16,63
0,00
0,00
tr
3,34 0,17
tr
12,10 023
0,00
0,00
0,00
16,68 1,61
0,00
0,00
77,47 10,44
0,00
10,06 0,19
21,79 2,85
28,44 1,90
13,50 0,11
52,01 15,07
0,00
0,00
17,82 1,57
8276,66 149,63
0,00
974,91 34,02
0,00
46,75 0,77
296,83 8,58
886,19 30,10
0,00
0,00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
- OH
- OH

-
30

3-4 OH

-

12,96 1,01
0,00
0,00
536,53 34,63
22,57 1,71
724,08 25,07
0,00
10734,55 196,22
0,00
135
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
- OH
- OH

-
30

3-4 OH

-

15 ().
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
g/cup (200 ml)
tr
2,68 0,25
6,82 3,42
16,34 4,73
0,00
0,00
2,34 3,31
9,20 1,63
0,00
8,94 2,54
19,22 2,16
6,09 1,44
11,33 1,99
14,39 2,44
0,00
14,93 0,93
229,28 73,11
11,28 0,37
60,14 51,05
11,38 1,70
8,23 0,37
16,34 7,72
13,78 0,06
18.68 5.90
10,01 0,34
14,28 7,07
9,54 0,91
0,00
57,77 11,93
0,00
6,40 2,19
tr
8.00 3,25
0,00
0,00
0,00
20,78 5,21
0,00
13,07 3,72
10,37 1,99
8,13 0,04
15,67 4,02
48,03 2,44
0,00
0,00
167,17 4,89
10,96 0,008
0,00
20,74 0,45
10,20 1,26
0,00
14,37 0,38
0,00
0,00
46,91 8,97
0,00
0,00
5,92 1,13
tr
9,51 0,33
tr
5,16 0,35
0,00
0,53 0,17
0,00
28,15 1,26
0,00
0,00
165,83 8,59
0,00
9,08 1,01
12,43 0,10
9,01 3,68
13,71 0,17
74,14 17,02
0,00
8,38 0,04
15.72 0,40
7,62 0,14
0,00
13,96 0,26
126,24 14,15
9,41 0,31
1353,09 21,34
8,84 0,06
0,00
0,00
35,40 7,05
9,79 1,16
0,00
515,22 68,48
93,17 18,98
400,78 38,21
15,71 2,29
1871,16 69,78
0,00

.
,
.
136
18: (GC/MS).
1.
87
1,
2
72
4,
1
56
3,
8
53
6,
5
51
5,
2
42
2,
7
40
0,
8
34
5,
9
31
9,
0
29
6,
3
24
0,
3
23
6
13 ,0
5,
0
g/cup (200 ml)
10
.7
34
,6
13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
,
, , , ,
.
.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
g/cup (200 ml)
19: GC/MS.
,
.
137
138
20: GC/MS.
.
4
.4. -

.
,
. , , ,
(Folin-Ciocalteu), ,
. , 14
, . , ,
,
, (FRAP). ,
,
. , ,
(Lauraceae)
. , ,
Lauraceae ,
(Binm et al, 2005, Yanishlieva et al, 2006).
, ,
, .
,
. ,
( 2).
,
.
, ,
, ,
,
, .

139
. ,
Folin-Ciocalteu ( ) DPPH
( ) , , ,
. , ,
. ,

, .
16: Folin-Ciocalteu
DPPH.
Folin-Ciocalteu
DPPH
,
Lamiaceae
(, )
(Origanum).
Lamiaceae (Fecka & Turek, 2008). ,
Kulisic (2006),
140
.
, 13
.
, ,
GC/MS
,
, 77,10 % .
,
72,3 %
. , ,
, 14
. , -
, , , , ,
.
.
, GC/MS.
17:
(GC/MS).
- , ,
,
3-4 OH
-
- ,
, , ,

, , ,
,
, ,
-
, ,
, ,

141
, ,
.
18,
(Folin-Ciocalteu),
(Flavones), (DPPH FRAP),
(PP GC) (Terpenic Acids).
18: , DPPH, FRAP, ,
.
Folin-Ciocalteu
1,000
0,876
0,921
0,786
0,671
0,064
Folin-Ciocalteu
DPPH
FRAP
Flavones
PP GC
Terpenic Acids
n=14
N=12
p =0.05
p =0.01
DPPH
1,000
0,875
0,651
0,619
-0,160
R>0,552
R>0,661
FRAP
Flavones
PP GC
Terpenic Acids
1,000
0,683
0,505
-0,071
1,000
0,581
0,272
1,000
-0,210
1,000
,
Folin-Ciocalteu
, DPPH FRAP,
,
(PP GC). ,
, DPPH FRAP. FRAP,
,
(R>0,552).
PP GC .
,
(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis),
( 21),
( GC/MS
) ,
(GC/MS).
142
21:
GC/MS .

,
. , ,
(Clusiaceae) . ,
,
, ,
. ,
, Thorsen & Hildenbrandt
(2003) . ,
,
,
Lamiaceae.
143
22: (GC/MS).
, ,
. ,
.
(GC/MS),
Thorsen & Hildenbrandt (2003) . ,
, ,
,
.
,
,
Lamiaceae. ,
(Origanum). ,
.
,
,
. ,
, .
144
.4.1.

1
(200 ml). .3.5.,
, , ,
Scalbert & Williamson (2000).
, ,
, .
(%)
(Folin-Ciocalteu) (Total
Flavones), .
14
, 19,
Scalbert & Williamson (2000),
1
. , Scalbert & Williamson (2000),
1 g/day .
19:
*.
(%)
11,21
8,93
8,69
8,64
7,98
6,49
5,61
5,33
4,41
4,40
3,21
2,00
1,96
0,09
*
(Folin-Ciocalteu) Scalbert & Williamson (2000).
145
,
(Folin-Ciocalteu) .
, 11,21 %
. ,
0,09 % , ,
.
.

(Folin-Ciocalteu)
1 (200 ml). Ovaskainen
(2008)
863 415 mg/day .
20:
*.
(%)
(%)
8,77 - 25,02
16,90
6,99 - 19,93
13,46
6,80 - 19,40
13,10
6,76 - 19,29
13,03
6,25 - 17,82
12,03
5,08
14,49
9,78
4,39 - 12,51
8,45

4,17 - 11,89
8,03
3,45 - 9,84
6,64
3,44 - 9,82
6,63

2,51 - 7,17
4,84
1,56 - 4,46
3,01
1,54 - 4,38
2,96
0,07 - 0,19
0,13
* (Folin-Ciocalteu)
Ovaskainen et al. (2008).
20
19, ,

Scalbert & Williamson (2000). ,
, .
,
1 (200 ml),
146
, ,
2590 3016 mg/person/day (mean = 2803 mg/person/day) (Saura-Calixto et
al, 2007). ,

, ,
,
1 (200 ml),
.
21:
*.
(%)
(%)
3,72 - 4,33
4,02
2,96 - 3,45
3,20
2,88 - 3,36
3,12
2,87 - 3,34
3,10
2,65 - 3,08
2,86
2,15 - 2,51
2,33
1,86 - 2,16
2,01
1,77 - 2,06
1,91
1,46 - 1,70
1,58
1,46 - 1,70
1,58
1,06 - 1,24
1,15
0,66 - 0,77
0,72
0,65 - 0,76
0,70
0,03
0,03
* (Folin-Ciocalteu)
Saura-Calixto et al. (2007).
,
, .
,
8 % ,
4 %, . ,
, 2 4 ,
, , ,

. ,
, 68 %
20 % (Saura-Calixto & Goni, 2006).
147
, ,
.
Ross & Kasum (2002),
23 mg 28 mg
(mean = 25,5 mg/day). ,
(Total Flavones)
1 (200).
22:
*.
(%) (%)
134,82 - 164,13
149,48
100,07 - 121,83
110,95
93,36 - 113,65
103,50
92,14 - 112,17
102,16
88,39 - 107,61
98,00

84,61 - 103,00
93,80
62,96 - 76,65
69,81

59,32 - 72,22
65,77
54,29 - 66,09
60,19
50,68 - 61,70
56,19
41,86 - 50,96
46,41
37,68 - 45,87
41,77
28,46 - 34,65
31,56
5,04 - 6,13
5,58
* (Total Flovones) Ross & Kasum
(2002).
,
Ross & Kasum (2002),
, . , ,
, , .
34 %
64% , 23 - 28 mg/day. ,
( )
,
, .
,
o 1
(200 ml), Vasilopoulou
148
(2005), 118,6 mg .

.
23:
*.
(%)
31,83
23,63
22,04
21,75
20,87

19,97
14,87

14,01
12,82
11,96
9,88
8,90
6,72
1,19
* (Total Flavones)
Vasilopoulou et al. (2005).
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al (2005) 1-2

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., . .. ,
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0,67 0,08 g CyE/cup,

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