Department of Health and Social Care

Task/Challenge Brief Unit 6

BTEC First Award in Health and Social Care

Year Unit Title Assessment Title: Deadline Date: Task No: Outcomes to be achieved:

10 The Impact of Nutrition on Health and Well-being

Halifax Get Healthy Campaign

Monday 20th January 2013-Friday 21st February 2013 P1- D2
A Explore the effects of balanced and unbalanced diets on the health and wellbeing of individuals B Understand the specific nutritional needs and preferences of individuals.

Assessment Criteria P1 M1 D1 P2 M2 D2 P3 M3 P4 P5 M4

Task Checker and Presentation Expectations Mark off each task as you complete it TASK 2A.P1 2A.P2 2B.P3 2B.P4 2A.M1 2B.M2 2B.M3 2A.D1 2D.D2 Brief description of it A3 Food Plate Poster Newspaper Article 2 Case Studies 2 Food Menus Compare effects of diets Explain factors influencing diet choices Compare the nutritional plans Assess the long term effects of diets Discuss factors that influence dietary choices Done it?

PASS- Everyone must complete all the 4 pass tasks MERIT- For students targeted C+B and those who want to try the extra challenge! DISTINCTION-For students targeted A+ B and those who want to try the extra challenge

Presentation standards All work must be hole punched into your folder wallet All work must be in order. P1, P2, P3, M1, D1. Your mark sheet must be at the top of all your work, followed on the next

page by your own front cover.

You must sign the mark sheet where it says Learner All work must have the correct title number e.g. P1 There must be no plastic wallets anywhere in your work. Work can be word processed or hand written. You must include a bibliography at the very back

UNIT 5-Professional Development, Roles and

BRIEF

Halifax Get Healthy campaign is an annual Health Promotion event run in conjunction with the local NHS service. They want to deliver a leaflet to every house in the town that clearly explains what is required for a healthy diet. They hope by creating this material they will encourage residents to eat better. They have asked you to take on the project of designing the leaflet and researching the information that should go in it.

In order to pass this unit you are expected to complete an assignment. The assignment is broken down into separate tasks that will meet all of the grading criteria in order to pass the unit. You have been prepared for your coursework tasks by learning about each topic in class. You will find that your class work will help you to complete each task and understand it better. You are advised to look at the instruction carefully. If the command is describe, explain or analyse, you are expected to write in considerate detail. Please refer to your keyword glossary in your handbook for more information. You can find your first task on the next page.

2A.P1 Describe the components of a balanced diet and their functions, sources and effects.
TASK 1- Create an A3 sized food plate poster then clearly label by describing the following key components.
Describe the following components of a balanced diet, including basic sources, function and effects of each: Essential nutrients: o Carbohydrates: simple (sugars), complex (starch and non-starch polysaccharides [fibre]) o Proteins: animal and plant sources o Fats and oils: animal fats, vegetable oils, fish oils o Vitamins: A, B (complex), C, D, E and K o Minerals: calcium, iron, sodium o Water Sources The five food groups (meat, fish and alternatives; fruit and vegetables; bread, other cereals and potatoes; milk and dairy foods; cakes and sweets) Functions of food groups, e.g. growth, energy, maintaining body functions Recommended Daily Intakes (RDIs).

To go further and progress up to the next grade levels; 2A. M1- Compare the effects of balanced and unbalanced diets on the health and wellbeing of two individuals. 2A. D1- Assess the long-term effects of a balanced and unbalanced diet on the health and wellbeing of individuals.

------------------------------2A.P2 Describe the effects of an unbalanced diet on the health and well-being of individuals, giving examples of their causes.
TASK 2- Create a newspaper style article that informs your audience the effects of all the following 3 dietary issues.
What are the effects of a balanced diet, including: Raised immunity to infections Greater energy levels, increased concentration Faster healing of skin, tissues and mucus membranes. What are the effects of an unbalanced diet, including: Malnutrition: o Over-nutrition, including coronary heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, stroke, weight gain o Under nutrition, e.g. specific nutrient deficiencies, low concentration span, importance of varied diet for vegetarians/vegans What is Vitamin deficiency o vitamin A, e.g. night blindness, impaired maintenance and repair of skin, mucus membranes, accelerated ageing

o vitamin B, e.g. beriberi o Vitamin C, e.g. scurvy o Vitamin D, e.g. rickets, bone loss-osteoporosis, low blood calcium, brittle bones, impaired tooth formation o Vitamin E, e.g. lethargy, apathy, muscle weakness o Vitamin K, e.g. impaired blood clotting Mineral deficiency, e.g. calcium (impaired bone and teeth formation), iron (anaemia) Nutrient excess, e.g. tooth decay.

------------------------------2B.P3 Describe the specific dietary needs of two individuals at different life stages.
TASK 3- Create 2 case studies for 2 people at different lifestyles. Ensure they are different ages, gender, religion and health condition TASK 4- Then explain why their dietary will be different TASK 5- Using the information below to guide you, describe how dietary needs are different due the following categories.
Religion and culture, e.g. Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism Moral reasons, e.g. vegetarians, vegans Environment, e.g. access to food and food storage, location, climate Socio-economic factors, e.g. costs, income, trends, family, class, peer pressure, the media Personal preferences Illness, e.g. effects on appetite, effects on dietary requirements Underlying health condition resulting in specific nutritional needs, e.g. allergies, lactose intolerance, Coeliac disease, Diabetes, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Crohns Disease. Life stages: Infancy 02 years: breastfeeding, formula feeding, weaning Early childhood 38 years: to support growth and higher energy needs, avoidance of additives and sugar Adolescence 918 years: to support growth and higher energy needs Early to middle adulthood 1965: activity levels, variations according to occupation and lifestyle, pregnancy, lactating mothers Later adulthood 65+: activity levels, lifestyle, decrease in energy needs.

To go further and progress up to the next grade levels; M2 Explain the factors influencing the dietary choices of two individuals with specific dietary needs at different life stages. D2 Discuss how factors influence the dietary choices of two individuals with specific dietary needs at different life stages.

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2B.P4 Create a nutritional plan for two individuals with different

specific nutritional needs.

TASK 6- Make a menu card for both of your individuals that can be easily followed by the residents but ensures that the nutritional needs of your clients are followed e.g. Coeliac Disease would mean no gluten i.e bread. TASK 7- Then explain how you considered the following bullet points.
Learners are expected to apply their knowledge and understanding of Considerations for nutritional planning: Factors influencing the diet of individuals and their associated dietary needs, their dietary intake, long-term effects of balanced and unbalanced diets, and specific nutritional needs and preferences to create nutritional plans for individuals. Life stage of individual and the associated nutritional requirements, e.g. infancy, early childhood, adolescence, early and middle adulthood, later adulthood.

To go further and progress up to the next grade levels; M3 Compare nutritional plans for two individuals with different nutritional needs.

Examples; 2A. M1- Compare the effects of balanced and unbalanced diets on the health and wellbeing of two individuals. Guidance; Minimum 1 page of A4 for a merit (font 12 or 14) 1Define what a balanced and unbalanced diet means. 2Go back to your clients in P3 and state what problems they have and explain what that will lead to. 3Explain how these problems will PIES affect them.
A balanced diet means an individual has the recommended daily allowance of calories, vitamins and minerals and ensures that they do not over malnourish their body. An unbalanced diet does not consume the recommended daily allowance of vitamins and minerals and may under or over consume calories. An unbalanced diet can lead to a number of deficiencies such as scurvy and anaemia and eating conditions such as obesity or anorexia. Both unbalanced and balanced diets create a number of effects to both my individuals health and I will now compare how. A balanced diet will consume no more than 2000 calories in women and 2500 calories in men. This is because this is all the human body needs to maintain a healthy weight. An unbalanced diet that consumes too many calories will lead to individuals gaining weight and becoming obese. This is a condition which my first individual Kim was suffering from as she had coronary heart disease and ate far too much fried food as it was quick and easy to cook. I will now compare the effects of a balanced diet to an unbalanced diet A person who has a balanced diet would have the following health and well-being. Physically- They will have lots of energy and feel physically well. Their skin and hair will be bright and shiny and they will look healthy. Intellectually- They will have lots of energy to help them remain focused and are likely to stay on task without getting distracted too easily. Emotionally- They will not suffer dips in mood due to blood sugar decreasing or increasing meaning that they will remain stable and will cope with the stresses of everyday well without feeling the need to binge or eat food to perk them up. Socially- They will have lots more energy and enthusiasm to go out and enjoy themselves. Individuals with a balanced diet will be more likely to volunteer and join in with activities including sport and fitness, which will continue to improve their health and well-being.

I will now explain how Kims diet will affect her health and well-being. Physically- Obesity is a dangerous lifestyle condition that can cause pressure on the internal organs, heart disease, reduced movement and mobility and shortness of breath. Ultimately, it and reduce a persons lifespan and people who do eat too many calories risk dying earlier than those who dont. Intellectually- Obesity will lead to a lack of focus and concentration as too many calories, especially sugar can lead to adrenaline crashes and a temporary lull in effort and energy until the person gets some more sugar. Emotionally- Obese individuals tend to have a lower self-concept than other people as they do not find their overweight appearance attractive and feel fat. This lowers their confidence, which sometimes they end up eating more to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating. Socially-Obesity does not affect how often a person can go out and socialise with others, but it does make it harder to join in with sports as the additional weight can mean an individual moves slower so a game of football would be harder, and many may just not bother. It is also possible to eat too few calories, which does not help the human body as it struggles to release the energy that we need to do everyday activities like work, focus, play and do sports. My second case study Sam suffered from this condition as he had been diagnosed with diabetes 2 years before and hadnt managed his diet well and was eating too little calories as he didnt want to risk consuming too much sugar I will now explain how his diet will affect his health and well-being. Physically- Too few calories also means that organs struggle to work as well as they should do and individuals also risk heart attacks, organ failure and fatigue. Intellectually- Sam will find he suffers from hunger pangs which will distract him from his work. His mind will be focused on food, and this will distract him from work or anything else he has to focus on like driving or reading. Emotionally- A lack of food will decrease his mood levels as he will not be getting the vitamins and minerals that give the mind a natural boost e.g. omega 3. Socially- A lack of energy will mean a lack of motivation to go out and enjoy himself once he has finished work. As well as feeling tired, he will feel miserable and not in the mood to join in, meaning that he will become isolated. Both my case studies are at risk of similar illness and conditions even though they consume too many and too few calories. It seems clear to me that if an individual wants to keep their body healthy and not have the risk as heart

attacks, organ failure, poor skins and lack of energy, they should all try to consume the recommended calories so that their health will begin to improve.

M2 Explain the factors influencing the dietary choices of two individuals with specific dietary needs at different life stages.
Guidance; 1Start by stating what conditions your 2 individuals had again 2Go through each life stage (we did that in unit 1!), one at a time and explain what issues (factors) your individuals had/will have when it comes to choosing food e.g.
In adolescence, teens are able to make food for themselves and decide what they would like to eat. Their greater independence means that parents will let them make their own decisions. Adolescents tend to eat similar foods to their friends and are greatly influenced by fast food adverts and sugary treats as they have a fast metabolism and do not suffer from any of the negative side effects an older person would do. Sam would have found it difficult to manage diabetes in this life stage because he would have wanted to eat what his friends did so he didnt feel any different. The only problem being, that would have meant his body would have started to have too much sugar in it which would have started his diabetes. Kim would have found that her over eating during this life stage and the more options she had available to her at this time would have started her bad eating habits. As she had a fast metabolism, she probably thought that she could always eat like this, so as she moves into adulthood, she would have begun to suffer with some of the physical side effects of obesity that then caused her heart disease.

Different factors you could talk about for the life stages can include; Unable to make food for themselves due to their age. Busy job means they dont cook healthy meals. Influenced by what their friends eat. Only eat what the rest of the family eat Mother makes food decisions for the family Unable to afford healthy food Living on own may mean that you dont bother with diet May eat around their social life.

M3 Compare nutritional plans for two individuals with different nutritional needs.
1Go back to your menus you made back in P4 they stick to them. 3Explain what you have changed in their diet to help them with their condition e.g. 2Explain how these menus will now make both your clients healthier if

Individual 1 suffers from Coeliac disease. I have cut out all gluten and wheat products such as pasta, bread and flour as they cannot process them in their gut and it leads to sickness and diarrhoea.
When I was making their menu I was sure not to add anything such as sandwiches or pasta meals as they would not have helped with their condition. Wheat products are a carbohydrate and these help give individuals energy. If my individual did not get other carbohydrates into their diet, this would mean they would have a lack of energy and feel very tired and fatigued all the time. With this in mind, I made sure that I added plenty of rice and potatoes into their diet as they are a high source of carbohydrate and can be made into many different dishes. I also included cereals such as Rice Crispies and Cornflakes for breakfast alongside a portion of fruit so they had essential vitamins and minerals that would help their body function as it should do and not aggravate their condition.