SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

Sequential Circuits

Two Types of Switching Circuits

Combinational Circuits
Combinational circuits have only input and output. Output depends on input. Example: AND,OR,NAND,NOR,XOR etc

Sequential Circuits
Sequential circuits have input, present state, next state and output. Next state depends upon present state and input. Output depends upon present state and input Example: Flip-Flops etc
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FLIP FLOPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

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When S = 1, Q+ = 1 When R = 1, Q+ = 0 When T = 1, State changes When any two out of S,R,T equals 1, we have dont care

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Example 1:

Design a modulo-8 binary -up counter using T- Flip Flop

Modulo 8 counter : Counts upto 7 . So we need three Flip-flops for eight states

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modulo-8 counter

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modulo-8 counter

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modulo-8 counter

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modulo-8 counter

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Example 2:

Design a modulo-8 binary -up counter using T- Flip Flop with input x
Modulo 8 counter : Counts upto 7 . So we need three Flip-flops for eight states

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modulo 8 counter with I/p x

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modulo 8 counter with I/p x

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modulo 8 counter with I/p x

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modulo 8 counter with I/p x

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Example 3:

Design a binary decade counter using SR- Flip Flop without input x

Decade Counter: Counts up to 9 . So we need four Flip-Flops for ten states

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Binary Decade counter

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Binary Decade counter

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Binary Decade counter

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Binary Decade counter

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Binary Decade counter

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Example 4:

Design a modulo-8 counter which counts in the way specified below, use J-K Flip-Flop.

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TRUTH TABLE: present state next state

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Gray code counter

Y3

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Gray code counter: Y2

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Gray code counter:

Y1

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Example 5:

Design a T-Flip-Flop using S-R Flip-Flop

Sol:

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T Flip flop using S-R flipflop

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Example 6:

Design a J-K Flip Flop using S-R Flip Flop

Sol:

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J-K Flip Flop using S-R Flip Flop

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Example 7: Design a sequential circuit given below using J-K FlipFlop

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Truth Table:

I/p

Present st.

Next state

o/p

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Design of Seq. Circuit

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Design of Seq. Circuit

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Design of Seq. Circuit

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Design of Seq. Circuit

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Example 8:

Design a binary modulo-5 counter using SRT- Flip Flop with input x
Modulo-5 Counter: Counts up to 4 . So we need three FlipFlops for five states

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Binary Modulo-5 counter

STATE TABLE

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Binary Modulo-5 counter

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Binary Modulo-5 counter

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Binary modulo-5 counter

Note: Here Sand C stands for the compliment value of the corresponding cells in the S and C K-maps

Assume T = So S and C comes out to be

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Binary Modulo-5 counter

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Binary modulo-5 counter

Assume T = So S and C comes out to be

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Binary modulo-5 counter

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Binary modulo-5 counter

Assume T = 1 So S and C comes out to be 0 and 0

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G=0 G=1

Q+ does not respond Q+ responds

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T-G Flip Flop Application Equation

This is the Application Equation of the T-G Flip-Flop

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Example 9:

Design T2 and G2 for a modulo-5 binary up counter

Modulo-5 counter: Counts up to 4 . So we need three FlipFlops for five states

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Modulo 5 binary upcounter STATE TABLE

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Modulo 5 binary upcounter

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Modulo 5 binary upcounter

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Modulo 5 binary upcounter

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Modulo 5 binary upcounter

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Example 10:

Design an Octal upcounter(Binary counter) using S-C Flip-Flop using Tabular Method
Octal up counter: Counts up to 7 . So we need three FlipFlops for seven states

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Octal up counter

STATE TABLE

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Octal up counter

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Octal up counter

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Octal up counter

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RULES TO DERIVE EXCITATION FUNCTION

T- Flip-Flop

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 S-C Flip Flop

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 J-K Flip Flop

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 T-G Flip Flop

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 S-C-T Flip Flop

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Summary of Rules for all Flip-Flops

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MODIFIED RULES FOR THE FLIP-FLOPS

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questions ???

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