Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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e Even comes before and emphasizes a noun I noun phrase or a verb.
Even the anthropology professor thought the speech was boring.
We will even provide you with complimentary mints on your pillow .
..- When emphasizing a verb, even comes between the modal verb and the main verb.
(3 Quite comes before and emphasizes the structure a/an+ noun, meaning a little/a lot but not
completely.
The new archiving system was quite a success.
!1Uite means not completely.
take the next step.
adjective, or an adverb, quite means completely or considerably.
surprising.
- .
0 For emphasis, nearly, almost, and just are used in the comparison of equality; much, even,
still, far, a lot, and by far are used in the comparative; by far and quite are used in the
superlative.
She's just as intelligent and good-looking as her brothers and sisters.
There is a much better store around the corner.
Joel Rivera is by far the most forceful of all the speakers at the convention.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A) , (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. This business visa allows you to travel to
your destination on the days listed
at the bottom of the paper.
(A) also (B) only
(C) even (D) however
168 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
2. Parmalac sold its lmCione stocks at a price that was
below the market value at that time.
(A) very
(C) well
(B) so
(D) such
3. The company decided that a more
aggressive approach to advertising was needed to
pull ahead of the competition.
(A) so (B) very
(C) much (D) really
Answers: p. 550
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07 Emphasizing Adverbs (2)
0 So is an adverb modifying an adjective or an adverb; such is a determiner modifying a noun or
a noun phrase. They both mean very.
The store was sttefl busy that it had to hire additional part-time workers.
so
Sales items sold out sttefl quickly that the shop had to close early.
so
Such cannot modify the adjective busy and the adverb quickly. Hence, the adverb so must be used.
It's amazing that one company can have se dedicated employees.
such
So cannot modify the noun employees. Hence, the determiner such must be used.
Note: When such modifies a singular noun, it precedes the article a/an.
He had never dealt with such an experienced negotiator before.
' ------.,
t ... - '
8 So and very have the same meaning, but unlike so, very cannot be used with a that-clause in
complex sentences.
The explanation in the book is very clear.
The staff was very argumentative that it took time before decisions were made.
so
8 Unlike so/very, too expresses a negative meaning.
The report was too long to read all at once.
structure too ... to ... conveys the negative meaning we cannot read the report all at once because it
was so long.
cf . The walk was very long, but the fresh air felt good.
very emphasizes the characteristic of something, while too implies a negative opinion.
Notes: 1. The structure too + adjective/ adverb +to-infinitive indicates an improbable situation because of
the preceding condition.
This is too com licated for the students to understand .
.._ .. The subject of the verb understand is the students, which is included in the structure for +
somebody and comes between too+ adjective and the to-infinitive phrase.
2. Too much I many + noun is used to emphasize that there is I are a lot more of thing(s).
They had eaten too much food to go jogging in the park.
3. Much too+ adjective/adverb is used to emphasize that there is a lot more of a particular quality
than wanted or than is right.
This study is much too comprehensive for Carlos Sanchez to handle.
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C) , or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. The chess championships at the school are
popular events that the auditorium is
always packed on tournament days.
(A) so (B) huge
(C) such (D) too
2. Considering that the job was done in a rush, the
director was
(A) too
(C) far
satisfied with the results.
(B) such
(D) very
3. Relative to the average gross revenue, taxes in
the area are heavy for the smaller
businesses to handle.
(A) much too
(C) so
(B) such
(D) much
Answers: p. 550
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08 Other Adverbs
0 Also/too/as well/either
Also comes at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, not at the end.
1 have shares in Amsun, Eurotech, and also Taiba.
Each character represents a syllable of spoken Chinese and also has a meaning.
Too and as well come at the end of a sentence.
There will be workshops offered next month too.
Mary wants to apply for the position as well .
Either is used in a negative sentence after another negative sentence has been mentioned, meaning the
same as also / too.
Luis won't be going to the dinner party; Pedro won't be going either.
8 Later /thereafter I since
Later means after the time mentioned or at some time in the future/ after now.
He was questioned about the scandal five months later.
Why don't we talk this over later?
Thereafter is formally used, meaning from a specific time onward, or simply, after that.
Sally left and her package was delivered shortly fatef.
thereafter
Without a time unit, later means at some time in the future, which does not correspond with the context.
Since means from a particular time in the past until a later time.
Anne Keating was promoted and has since worked as head accountant.
@) Forward expresses the state of something, while ahead expresses directions.
The director is working hard to push the company aftea6.
forward
Push something forward means to continue with an activity in a determined way, especially when it is difficult.
They all knew that the days forward would be tiresome.
ahead
The days ahead means the days in the future.
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Ms. Peters thought the designs were
marvelous, but she needs to
see what they would look like in a display
window.
(A) not only
(C) also
(B) either
(D) as well
2. The plane will take off at about 3:15 p.m., and
a light snack will be served to the passengers
shortly
(A) later
(C) already
(B) thereafter
(D) suddenly
3. When Bernal became the CEO, we considered
it a great step because a woman was
finally guaranteed formal say in company policy.
(A) ahead (B) forward
(C) towards (D) backward
Answers: p. 550
HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 The design department has not (still/yet) finished constructing the model for the client's proposed
building project.
02 Acting as the vice president of such a large company was (so/such) stressful that she retired early.
03 They prepared (much too / too much) food, believing that many people would be participating.
04 Fax the billing information to headquarters by 5 p.m.; (otherwise/however) , we won't receive the
payment on time.
05 Mrs. Jensen was (such / very) pleased with her new high-rise office on 5th Avenue.
06 Evans Construction is a leading contracting company that provides bidding, contracting, and (also/
as well) architectural support.
07 She was called away for an emergency meeting (ever I right) before the performance was about to start.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).
08 Cocoa is exported wide to nearly every part of the world.
09 The actual annual report figures came closely to this year's production estimates.
10 Investors want the company to be sufficiently strong before they consider putting money into it.
11 The Christmas bonus, based on the company's yearly net profit, was divided impartiality between
laborers and supervisors.
12 Mr. Jenkins final agreed to holding the meeting in the Grand Hotel.
13 The three-stage interview process helps administrators decide exactly which applicant is right for
which position.
14 Morale among the staff has been raised substantial by the new espresso machine in the lounge.
Answers: p. 550
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Mrs. Dorsey is being considered for
a promotion to the position of head manager
for the company's technology division.
(A) present (B) presently
(C) presenter (D) presentation
02 The new PowerPoint software is the most
advanced presentation program on
the market today.
(A) high
(C) highly
(B) higher
(D) highest
03 The drafting programs available at our firm
are too advanced for the trainees to
use.
(A) well
(C) far
(B) quite
(D) pretty
04 Anonymous Writers is less expensive than
the Writers ' Consortium, and its work is
as dependable.
(A) as well (B) very
(C) just (D) while
05 Electric service will be restored as
as possible after the power outage problem
on the second floor has been resolved.
(A) quick
(C) quicken
(B) quickly
(D) quickness
06 Two multimillion-dollar corporations are
attempting to reach an agreement
over the sale of one of the country's biggest
banks.
(A) still (B) once
(C) besides (D) any more
07 Mr. Richards is such a dedicated supervisor
that he works night and day and
ever takes time to relax.
(A) quite
(C) nearly
(B) just
(D) hardly
(9 Time limit: 11 minutes
08 Although the restaurant is new, it
has already been praised by Food Review
and most of other restaurant rating services.
(A) relatively (B) related
(C) relative (D) relatedly
09 Consumer views are becoming an
important factor in determining the way a
product is presented and packaged.
(A) increase (B) increased
(C) increasing (D) increasingly
1 0 We cannot always guarantee that everything
in our catalog is in stock at our outlets, so
please call to make sure.
(A) ahead (B) before
(C) if (D) advance
11 A number of large investment projects have
sprung up in rural areas where
agriculture is the main industry.
(A) lateness (B) late
12 To register for your online account,
proceed to the website and click on the 'sign
up' button.
(A) simply
(C) simplify
(B) simple
(D) simplicity
13 Sales of the new vacuum cleaner have gone
beyond our initial estimate and we have
decided to increase production.
(A) therefore (B) however
(C) although (D) in contrast
14 All purchases made on the company credit
card should be listed on the monthly
statement.
(A) direct
(C) directed
(B) directly
(D) directing
15 Drivers are constantly reminded by the head
office to pull over as as necessary to
rest during long shifts.
(A) almost (B) often
(C) well (D) always
16 Copies of the popular children's book had
been placed on bookstore shelves for not
several hours when they sold out.
(A) quite (B) many
(C) still (D) only
17 The task force spent an entire day selecting
applications that most matched the
requirements of the positions being offered.
(A) closer (B) closest
(C) closely (D) close
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter.
Marsha Berger
Medical Supplies Division
Tyrrell Manufacturing
Dear Ms. Berger,
18 Had the profits been shared among
the leading salesmen, there wouldn't be the
fuss that there is now.
(A) equal
(C) equality
(B) equally
(D) equalize
19 serving as president of the Board of
the Gillmore Corporation, Mr. Bennett also
works as a consultant to a few medium-size
companies.
(A) Else
(C) As long as
(B) Because
(D) Besides
20 The fat content of food products sold in super-
markets should be labeled much more
to allow people to make informed decisions.
(A) clear (B) clearly
(C) clearing (D) clearness
I am writing to inform you that I will be unable to attend the conference in New Jersey, as our
company is currently undergoing restructuring, making it impossible for me to leave Portland. I am
eager your proposals for incorporating your products into our own line of merchandise.
21 (A) discussing (B) discuss
(C) to discuss (D) discussion
, you will be attending the next conference in July in Austin, allowing us to get together
22 (A) Almost (B) Already
(C) Mostly (D) Presumably
and discuss our prospects . I believe both companies are headed in the same direction
23 (A) soon (B) nearly
(C) usually (D) often
and a joint venture would be highly beneficial. Therefore, I look forward to the opportunity to meet
with you at the next conference, unless otherwise informed.
Sincerely,
Justin White
Garnet Distribution
Answers: p. 550
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Basic Points
Most often, prepositions come before nouns. Based on their meanings,
they are divided into prepositions of time, place, reason, purpose,
manner, etc.
We had dinner at a Korean restaurant.
The city hosts a jazz festival in the summer.
It is usually colder on the beach because of the breeze.
At , in, and because of in the above sentences are prepositions of place, time, and
reason respectively.
Prepositions can take nouns, pronouns, gerunds, or noun clauses as their objects.
The structure preposition + object is cal led a prepositional phrase.
I bought a gift for you. (Preposition + pronoun)
I am going to work late tonight instead of working this weekend. (Preposition + gerund)
He told the story to whomever he met. (Preposition + noun clause)
As an adjective, a prepositional phrase modifies a noun, and as an
adverb, it modifies a verb.
The box on the table is empty.
+ I
I exercise in the evening.
+ I
As an adjective, the prepositional phrase on the table modifies the noun the box, and
as an adverb, the prepositional phrase in the evening modifies the verb exercise.
174 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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01 Preposition In I At/On
0 Preposition of time in I at I on
Prepositions Usage Examples
,.---
----
------
in months, years, seasons, centuries, in August in 2008
periods of time, parts of day in winter in the 21st century
(morning, afternoon, evening) in three days in the morning/afternoon/evening
at specific times, times of day (noon, at 7 o'clock at noon/night/midnight
night, midnight, midday) , points of at the beginning/end of the month
time
on days, dates, special holidays on August 15 on Friday on Christmas Day
8 Preposition of place in/at/on
Usage Prepositions
-----
Examples
-------
in
at
an enclosed space I area
a specific location
in the world/country
at the intersection
in the city/room/town
at the bus stop
at the station at Franklin Street
on a flat surface on the table on the Han River
on the first floor I level on the wall
Note: In means inside a place or an area, while at refers to the whole place/building/area.
I the shop when he came in.
I the shop on the way home.
@) Common expressions with in I at I on
The preposition in/at/on is used to refer to not only a time or place but also a state, condition, rate, etc.
Below are some common expressions with in/at/on.
Prepositions Expressions
in in time
in place
in a campaign
at at once
at times
at least
at the latest
at regular intervals
on on time
on a regular basis
in a sales event
in the sales department
experience in a relevant field
at a good pace
at high speed
at a low price
at 60 miles an hour
at your earliest convenience
on the waiting list
on the recommendation of
in the coming year
in the foreseeable future
at the rate of
at the age of
at a charge of
at one's expense
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
2. If our new low-fat potato chip becomes a hot
seller in Springfield, we are going to test-market
1. The interchange with the real estate
consultant is expected to take place
tomorrow afternoon 4:00.
(A) on (B) at
(C) to (D) for
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it 25 major cities across the US.
(A) on (B) in
(C) against (D) to
3. All of the drilling machines are place
and ready to begin oil production at the command
of the chief executive.
(A) at
(C) in
(B) on
(D) for
Answers: p. 550
Chapter 16 Prepositions - 175
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02 Prepositions of Time
0 Prepositions that show a point of time
since
until/by
from . + a point of time (3 o'clock, July, Friday morning, etc.)
before I pnor to
The project team leader would like to see us before 5:00 p.m.
Notes: 1. Until means up to a particular time or event; by means not later than.
The library will be open until 7.
{.' This sentence means the library will stay open up to 7 o'clock.
You should submit the report by 7.
1 This sentence means the report should be submitted not later than 7 o'clock.
2. Below are some common expressions expressing a point of time.
three weeks from now three weeks prior to the date
_..::
8 Prepositions that show a period of time or a duration
for / during
from 3 o'clock onward(s)
over/through/throughout + a period of time (three years, a decade, holiday, process, etc.)
within
She has been using English for ten years.
Pete guided the employees through the training process.
Notes: 1. For expresses how long something has lasted; during indicates when something happens,
meaning from the beginning to the end of a particular period.
The mechanic has been working on the project for two years.
Countless.foreigners travel to Italy during the Christmas season.
2. In can also precede a period of time, meaning no more than/within.
Your application for membership will be processed i.!! two days.
@) Identifying a point of time or a duration to use prepositions correctly
I will have this done wi#tffl the end of the month.
by
end of the month is a point of time, so by is used.
We have been married sffiee two years.
for
years is a period of time, so for is used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or (D) -
best completes the sentence.
1. Because fewer than five people have registered
for the Computer Graphics Workshop to be held
two weeks now, the training department
manager has decided to cancel the event.
(A) until (B) before
(C) from (D) for
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2. The rental deposit must be transferred to
the landlord's bank account at least fifteen
days the moving-in date.
(A) by (B) until
(C) prior to (D) due to
3. To have any broken parts replaced without
charge, the registration form must be
mailed to the company one month
of product purchase.
(A) from
(C) until
(B) within
(D) by
Answers: p. 550
03 Prepositions of Place
0 Prepositions of place
Prepositions Examples
above/over
below I under
beside I next to
behind
between I among
near
within
He lifted his hands above/over his head.
Look in the cupboard below I under the sink.
I sat down beside/next to my wife.
There is a park right behind the building.
There's a table between a chair and a bookshelf.
The midday meal was served between 2 and 4 o'clock.
They walked among the crowds.
I'd like to sit near a window.
All staff should be aware of activitfes within the company.
The profit of this year increased within 5 percentage points of its competitors.
around Some of the travelers wanted to walk around the night market.
Notes: 1. Between is used when there are two people/things/places, while among is used when there are
more than two of them.
2. Besides indicating a position/location, above / over also means more than and below/ under
means less than.
You have to be over 18 to see this film.
You can't see this film if y o u ~ e under 18.
8 Common expressions with over/under/between/within/around
In addition to showing a place, the preposition over/under/between/within/around can be used to refer
to a state, connection, relationship, etc. Below are some common expressions with these prepositions.
Prepositions Expressions
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - ~
over have the edge over
under under new management
under close supervision
under current contract
under control
between
within
around
under pressure
a difference/gap between A and B
within a radius of
around the world
Decide which of the choices - (A), (8), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. A recent study mentions that prescription drug
use has steadily increased people
aged 45 years and above over the past two
decades.
(A) among
(C) between
. L_._,.__ . . _.._ --
(B) within
(D) around
under investigation
under review
under consideration
under discussion
under development
within the organization
around the corner
2. The annex to the office building on Lester
Avenue will be construction until April.
(A) in
(C) on
(B) by
(D) under
3. Last summer's heavy precipitation levels
caused sales of beachwear to fall 20 percent
normal.
(A) after
(C) behind
(B) below
(D) around
Answers: p. 551
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04 Prepositions of Direction
0 Prepositions of direction
Prepositions _____________ -1
from The copy can be obtained from the office.
to They will send the package to your client.
across
through
along
for
toward(s)
into
out of
We walked across the ice.
1 walked through the woods.
Newman walked along the street.
I'm leaving for Susan.
She walked toward me.
We moved all the luggage into the room.
I took the key out of my pocket.
8 Common expressions with from/to/along/across/out of
Besides indicating direction, from also shows who gave the opinion, to refers to a state, out of is used
with the meaning without I beyond the range or limit of, etc. Below are some common expressions with
from I to I along I across I out of.
Prepositions
from from one's viewpoint
to to the relief of
to one's satisfaction
along along the shore
across across the street
out of out of date
out of room
out of season
out of paper
TOEIC Questions
Expressions
to a great extent
to your heart's content
along the side of
across from the post office
out of reach
out of print
out of control
to my knowledge
out of order
out of stock
out of town
2. The new highway, which will run the
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Subscribers to the online newsletter were
informed that their names would be removed
mountains, is expected to cause irreversible
damage to wildlife and the ecosystem.
the list if they did not reply to the
e-mail asking if they wished to be retained.
(A) to (B) from
(C) for (D) of
178 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(A) through (B) during
(C) out (D) against
3. This product should be kept reach of
children as it contains many toxic agents.
(A) away with (B) out of
(C) up until (D) without
Answers: p. 551
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05 Prepositions of Reason, Concession, Purpose, Exception,
and Addition
0 Prepositions of reason, concession, and purpose
Prepositions Examples
because of
due to
owing to
on account of
despite
in spite of
with all
for
l We were late because of the rain.
Due to the rise in the cost of fuel , all living expenses will increase.
Despite a poor economy, the shop has been doing well.
The club is hosting a party for all its members.
Note: Below are some common expressions w1th the prepos1t1on for.
for your convenience for future use for safety reasons
for further information articles for sale money for supplies
acoupon for every $100 . - -
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@ Prepositions of exception and addition
Prepositions Examples
except (for) I cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom.
excepting
aside from
apart from
barring
without
but for
instead of
We should arrive at 1 0 o'clock, barring any unexpected delays.
I would have been in real trouble but for your help.
Use graphics instead of words.
in addition to
besides
apart from
In addition to the new offices, the building has a coffee house on the fi rst floor.
Besides writing summaries, she proofreads all of the professor's work.
Note: When except precedes a clause, there is no preposition for after it.
1 don't know anything about wme, except for that (- except that) I like it.
i> That I like it is a clause, so ther,e is no preposition for after except.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C),
or (D)- best completes the sentence.
1. The staff is planning to hold a farewell
gathering an employee who
served the company for over twenty years.
(A) by (B) for
(C) to (D) from
.
2. The manager said that any changes, the
proposal would be presented at a special meeting
of sustainable development organizations.
(A) except (B) barring
(C) unless (D) because
3. Interest rates are falling a governmental
push to raise all mortgage rates for middle-class
homeowners.
(A) in spite of
(C) even though
(B) according
(D) in addition to
Answers: p. 551
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06 Preposition Of and Others
0 The structure A of B
Usage ________ __________________ -1
A is a noun, B is its implied subject. the development of the company
consent of the parent
the retirement of our colleague
A is a noun, B is its implied object. showing of his new movie
the marketing of luxury brands
the shipment of wine
the utilization of health care services
A and Bare appositives. a chance of meeting someone new
the idea of producing handbooks
a balance of 1 00 dollars
A is part of B. this area of the city
the end of the month
the employees of the branch
8 Prepositions for drawing people's attention to a particular subject
about
as to
concerning
with I in regard to
on
as for
regarding
with respect to
over
with/in reference to
The following are frequently asked questions concerning the internship program.
We take pride in complying with all regulations with regard to food safety.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C),
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
2. Dr. Wilson will attend the workshop to moderate
1. The independent audit of the company
is expected to be concluded by the end
this month.
(A) in
(C) of
180 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(B) by
(D) on
a panel discussion
technology.
(A) by
(C) on
ethics of new medical
(B) to
(D) with
3. A dispute workers' rights has caused
union members employed at the factory to walk
out in a week-long strike.
(A) over (B) above
(C) of (D) along
Answers: p. 551
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07 Other Prepositions
0 Other prepositions
Prepositions
by Authenticated access is obtained by providing a valid name and password.
through Competence is achieved through training.
throughout Heavy rains have increased the water level behind dams throughout the country.
with The children will discuss it with their teacher.
without Headphones will enable you to listen to the music without disturbing anyone.
as
like
unlike
against
beyond
following
plus
He had served as a section director at the Ministry of Education.
- -
Like jogging, walking should have a steady and continuous motion.
Swimming, unlike jogging, is ideal for any age or physical ability.
Some consumers have campaigned against the use of furs in luxury clothing.
Its functions go beyond what is necessary for an MP3 player.
Following the conference, the banquet for the delegation will be held.
The newly launched mobile phone has all the same features plus digital
music capabilities.
@ Common expressions with by/through/with/without/against/beyond
Prepositions Expressions
by by telephone / fax/ mail by cash / check/ credit card
through
with
without
against
beyond
by land by law
through the use of through cooperation
with no doubt with no exception
with the aim of without paying
against the law act against one' s will
1
beyond repair beyond one's capacity
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
2. Companies can save hundreds on airfares
computer linkups which allow for
international meetings without leaving the office.
1. Dayton Electronics recommends that all
customers keep their receipts
proof of payment.
(A) as
(C) on
(B) except
(D) into
(A) above (B) through
3. Employees expressed content with their salaries
and working hours the exception of
those in packing, who requested a pay increase.
(A) like (B) by
(C) for (D) with
Answers: p. 551
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08 Common Expressions Formed by Verb I Adjective I Noun +
Preposition
0 Verb + preposition
account for
add to
comply with
consist of
contribute to
depend on (= rely on = count on)
sympathize with
associate A with 8
congratulate A on 8
direct A to 8
wait for
keep track of
employ A as 8
return A to 8
transfer A to 8
They have only a few days left to comply with new regulations on factory safety.
The public associates the company name with trust and reliability.
@ Adjective + preposition
absent from
responsible for
equivalent to
comparable to/ with
identical to
similar to
consistent with
contrary to
Projects conducted by like organizations are similar to each other.
@) Noun + preposition
access to exposure to an advocate for I of
a cause I reason for
permission from
concern about/for/over a lack of
a problem with a dispute about/over
an effect/ impact/ influence on
respect for
a question about I concerning I regarding
a decrease I an increase I a rise I a drop in
a solution to
The client has a question regarding the arrangements for the trip.
9 Fixed expressions of more than one preposition
by means of
in honor of
in place of
in violation of
in charge of
in observance of
in respect of
on behalf of
Fred Sumner will be giving the speech in place of Mr. Trent, who is down with the flu.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (8) , (C) , or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Management has decided to transfer
certain responsibilities formerly held by
the administrative division the
accounting department.
(A) at (B) by
(C) to (D) of
182 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
2. Education for Children, Inc. has always been
an advocate effective early education
through home- and school-based programs.
(A) to (B) by
(C) for (D) over
3. Ms. Turner asked us to use the original design
for the product display the one submit-
ted by the team.
(A) because
(C) despite
(B) instead of
(D) when
Answers: p. 551
www.nhantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 The country has suffered from little investment (over I until) the past year as a result of political
instability.
02 (Due to I Except for) rising oil prices, import prices went up by 16 percent in August.
03 In recent years, private investors have become increasingly attracted to this area (on/of) the city.
04 Requests for assistance via e-mail or live Internet support are only monitored (since/during)
regular hours of operation.
05 (At/ Despite) a looming fiscal crisis, the country's economy has bounced back from a slump.
06 Workshops are offered (before/throughout) the year on a variety of job search tools and skills
including resume writing.
07 (Aside from/Long since) the acquisition costs, the manager anticipated additional costs for
operational and restructuring expenses.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake{s) and provide {a) correction{s).
08 A recent report said consumer prices could exceed 4 percent on the end of the year.
09 Professionals on the academic community frequently immigrate to places where their skills earn a
better reward.
10 Guests can put their valuables in the hotel 's safety deposit boxes for safekeeping.
11 Until approximately twenty years, the national debt is forecast to jump to four trillion dollars.
12 In observance for Labor Day, all US exchanges will be closed on Monday, September 6.
13 All documentation on local cost payments, including tender documents, must be retained to the future.
14 The expansion project will be completed since December 15 and will be eligible for sales tax
exemption.
Answers: p. 551
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 The company anniversary party will take
place August 26, so please mark the
date on your calendars.
(A) in
(C) on
(B) at
(D) for
02 The innovative website allows a traveler to
search and find locations of interest that lie
a fifty-mile radius of the city.
(A) among (B) within
(C) into (D) through
03 We need not remind everyone here today that
mobile phones and pagers should be turned
off while the symposium is progress.
(A) at (B) on
(C) over (D) in
04 The BCN Company will not accept applica-
tions for transfers to overseas branches
the first of the month.
(A) by
(C) until
(B) when
(D) through
05 The Travel Holiday Group offers some of the
best horseback tours the coast of
the Eastern Mediterranean basin.
(A) into
(C) under
(B) along
(D) among
06 The workshop teaches managers and em-
ployees how to dispute someone else's ideas
being disagreeable.
(A) except (B) without
(C) whereas (D) otherwise
07 The director wants all of the items shipped by
the end of the week, of the cost.
(A) regardless (B) regard
(C) regarding (D) regarded
184 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 11 minutes
08 The data will be posted on a secure password-
protected server that is accessible exclusively
authorized staff members.
(A) for
(C) to
(B) within
(D) over
09 Country Air offered free tickets to every pas-
senger that missed their flight a
malfunction in the plane's engine.
(A) owed to (B) thanks for
(C) resulting in (D) because of
10 Employees who are planning to extend holi-
day vacations with unused leave days must
inform their supervisors October 31.
(A) at
(C) by
(B) for
(D) until
11 Human resources personnel are trained to tell
the differences a resolvable conflict
and an irresolvable confrontation.
(A) upon
(C) during
(B) about
(D) between
12 We are holding a dinner this evening to con-
gratulate Mr. Brian Banks his thirty
years with the Meyers Cold Cuts Company.
(A) to (B) of
(C) on (D) from
13 the last ten years, professional and
business services comprised 38 percent of
the total job growth in the Washington region.
(A) In (B) On
(C) Since (D) While
14 As always, we here at Gray Consulting look
forward assisting you with your
future legal needs.
(A) up
(C) to
(B) in
(D) on
www.nhantriviet.com
15 The company's payroll office is located
the corner of Faribault and 23rd
Streets, across from the Trade Center.
(A) at (B) in
(C) of (D) to
16 Wageworks Corporation is planning to lay off
as many as 1 ,000 employees the
next two years.
(A) at
(C) until
(B) by
(D) over
17 Whatever your security needs, Armed Guard
provides 24 hours constant protection
and service to our cl ients.
(A) around
(C) over
Part 6
(B) of
(D) through
18 It would be better for business if we were
associated
at the embassy.
(A) to
(C) with
some of the trade officers
(B) on
(D) for
19 Teen magazine is offering a special promo-
tion, which entitles subscribers gift
certificates at top clothing boutiques.
(A) in (B) on
(C) to (D) at
20 The manager hopes to increase production
introducing bonuses for all employees
who improve their production quota.
(A) by (B) from
(C) since (D) about
Questions 21-23 refer to the following advertisement.
PACIFIC Air Reaching for the Clouds
As long-distance travel becomes more commonplace
21 (A) as to
improved living standards, airl ines
(B) due to
(C) in spite of (D) in place of
are taking action to attract customers, offering them a wide range of options. PACIFIC Air wi th thei r
spectacular project are focusing on speed, safety and innovation to increase revenue.
22 (A) expansion (B) existence
(C) exception (D) experience
They have purchased five more double-deck jets and have refurbished their existing carriers with
sofas, personal computers with DVD and game playing functions. Extra security measures
23 (A) comforted (B) comfortable
(C) comfortableness (D) comfortably
include buttons under armrests which report directly to security officers in the cockpit , and a
personal phone system to make calls and speak with the flight staff. PACIFIC Air aims to attract
families and groups of four or more through these added features.
Answers: p. 551
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Section 5
Conjunctions and Clauses
Chapter 17 - Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative
Conjunctions
Chapter 18 - Noun Clauses
Chapter 19 - Relative Clauses
Chapter 20 - Adverb Clauses
Chapter 17 : ~ : A
-- -------------- : .."i;)1:t;t;-J . -------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ------------------ -----
Coordinating Conjl1rction,
Correlati\74 ConjunlCtions
Basic Points
Coordinating conjunctions, also known as coordinators, are used to join
two sentences or two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal.
The two parts may be words, phrases, or clauses.
Use fruits and vegetables that are ripe.
The editor is responsible for collecting articles and publishing newsletters.
It was raining, so I put on my raincoat.
Repeated words in the phrases or clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction may
be omitted.
The only way to get (customers) and (to) keep customers is through service.
They painted the wall and (they) fixed the window.
Correlative conjunctions always come in fixed pairs formed by a certain
word with a coordinating conjunction, joining sentence elements that are
grammatically equal.
Tuna is sold as both steaks and fillets.
You can make your payment either in person or by mail.
It depends on neither who you are nor what you know.
188 - Hackers TOEJC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
01 Coordinating Conjunctions
0 Below are the coordinating conjunctions in English.
and or but yet so for nor
Eating should be healthful and enjoyable.
I will go camping or canoeing this weekend.
There will be a party tonight, for he is retiring this week.
Notes: 1. So and for join clauses only. They cannot join words or phrases.
I had to stay home, for it was too cold. {0)
His designs are bold so original. (X)
2. When we combine two independent clauses, a connecting adverb (however, therefore, instead) or
an ordinary adverb (also) cannot come in the position of a coordinating conjunction.
1 wanted to clear my thoughts, therefore (- so) I went for a walk.
3. And so/and yet/and then is the combination of the coordinating conjunction and with an adverb
to make the meaning much clearer.
She hates horror films and yet she went to see one anyway.
.
@ Coordinating conjunctions must be in line with the context.
I will have a sandwich bttt a Diet Coke.
and
context requires an addition, not a contrast, so and is the suitable coordinating conjunction.
She wants to see the play, se he prefers to watch soccer on television.
but/yet
He and she have different interests, so the coordinating conjunction but or yet expressing a contrast is
suitable in this context .
@ When the subjects in a sentence are joined by and, a plural verb is used. When the subjects
are joined by or, their verb must agree with the subject nearest to it.
My boyfriend and I are going to the concert.
subjects My boyfriend and I are connected by and, so the verb is in the plural form (are) .
I doubt that we or our teacher !_ going to solve the problem.
The subjects we and our teacher are connected by or, and our teacher is singular, so the verb is in the
singular form (i s).
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. The corporation's portfolio of clients consisted
of representatives from 13 of the American
states 25 countries worldwide.
(A) in
(C) by
(B) and
(D) both
2. Your promotion offer is very appealing,
I' m afraid that I can' t sacrifice my
family life for my career.
(A) so (B) but
(C) besides (D) therefore
3. Mark Melendy Scott Drake is going
to represent Balmar Associates at the branch
meeting on Friday.
(A) but
(C) either
(B) and
(D) or
Answers: p. 551
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0 Below are the correlative conjunctions in English.
either A orB
both A and B
neither A nor B
not A but B = B but not A (= (only) B, not A)
not only A but (also) B (= B as well as A)
Payroll is located not on the first floor but near the elevator in the basement.
The gift shop not only offered discounts but also gave away small souvenirs.
@ Every correlative conjunction must correctly be paired.
The papers are either in my briefcase 8:1"1"6 under the books on my desk.
or
... or ... go together as a pair.
Jack ei#let knows her nor wants to get to know her.
neither -
Neither ... nor ... go together as a pair.
@) The subjects connected by correlative conjunctions and the verbs in sentences must agree in
number.
Verbs will agree with B not A but B either A or B neither A nor B not only A but (also) B
Verbs will take the plural form j both A and B
Either bus or taxi available from the airport .
In the pair either ... or ... , the verb must agree with the subject nearest to it. Taxi is a singular noun, so the
verb is in the singular form (i s).
Both coffee and tea have long and historic pasts.
pair both ... and ... requires a plural verb (have).
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C),
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
1. You can purchase a copy of his latest
adventure novel either at a bookstore
through popular bookstore
websites.
(A) or
(C) and
(B) nor
(D) also
2. Information will be presented on the means
of global communication, but on
presentation technology or sales marketing.
(A) for (B) nor
(C) so (D) not
3. The director complained that the report
submitted by the supervisor was too
lengthy but also too detailed.
(A) only (B) not
(C) not only (D) either
Answers: p. 551
HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 Brent tossed (but/ and) turned all night over whether or not to quit his job.
02 She tried to reserve the hotel's conference room, (but/however) someone had already booked it.
03 Online customers can now use the website's order form (or I nor) fax for their order.
04 As coworkers, we see each other every day (and yet/therefore) we still find something to talk about.
05 John left for work early, (instead/for) he didn't want to risk being late again.
06 There are two receptionists, one by the elevator (so/ and) the other next to the entrance.
07 Andrea received an excellent evaluation this year (and so/ also) she is going to be given a raise.
Correct the mistakes in the following underlined parts.
08 The company lounge is open to not only administrative staff and workers.
09 I'd advise you neither to approach these clients too eagerly but rather cautiously.
10 The goal is not only to triumph and also to demoralize the competing corporations.
11 It is both you or me that has to fly to Tokyo to negotiate the contract.
12 The manager is neither receiving or returning calls this afternoon, as it's his day off.
13 If it were up to me, the office's entrance sign would be both red brown.
14 Your salary can be either directly deposited also picked up at the payroll office.
Answers: p. 551
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 The Maxwell Byrd Company prides itself on
having established modern efficient
procedures unmatched in the industry.
(A) either (B) so
(C) and (D) too
02 All examinees should bring a driver's
license or passport and a pencil to the testing
center.
(A) or
(C) both
(B) and
(D) either
03 To prevent electricity outages in areas where
service is not readily available, use major
appliances before noon after 7 p.m.
(A) neither (B) nor
(C) either (D) or
04 If you placed an order, have not
received your package, please wait two
months from the day it was shipped before
making an inquiry.
(A) but
(C) then
(B) also
(D) even
05 The training staff was instructed neither to
give handouts before the sessions to
distribute the manuals until after the seminar
had ended.
(A) also
(C) or
(B) nor
(D) and
06 All of the workers were warned about wearing
masks in the laboratory, half of them
ignored the advisory and got sick.
(A) yet (B) by
(C) so (D) both
07 The new interior design of the office has both
increased employee productivity
drawn many positive remarks from the clients.
(A) or (B) yet
(C) like (D) and
1 92 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
G Time limit: 11 minutes
08 The chief executive is trying to decide whether
to assign an individual an entire team
to evaluate last week's event.
(A) so
(C) or
(B) but
(D) nor
09 Better product advertising is needed that not
only grabs the viewer's attention
stimulates consumer desire to spend money.
(A) or (B) but
(C) and (D) therefore
1 0 Candidates will be considered on the basis of
their prior experience on their level
of dedication and loyalty.
(A) although (B) based on
(C) as well as (D) in addition
11 Your participation in support of our
charity benefit will help feed the thousands of
starving children our company sponsors.
(A) and (B) so
(C) because (D) however
12 The severance request has been processed by
the head office, not by the accounting
department as of yet.
(A) also (B) or
(C) but (D) unless
13 At the end of Sarah's first month of employ-
ment, the company evaluated her
daily performance and her total month's
production.
(A) either
(C) plus
(B) both
(D) so
14 This project began almost five months ago
is expected to be finished in
December.
(A) or
(C) and
(B) so
(D) but
www.nhantriviet.com
15 Our store will be refinanced, to save
on long-term interest rates and to ensure a
solid credit rating.
(A) either
(C) neither
(B) both
(D) not only
16 The company will have performance reviews
over the next few weeks, the
manager is going to inform all employees
of the review process.
(A) since
(C) or
(B) but
(D) so
17 The restaurant critic advised patronizing
the newly opened Greek restaurant
nor the 20-year-old grilled food eatery.
(A) and (B) either
(C) with (D) neither
Part 6
18 Make sure that not only the agenda
the annual report have been put into the
envelopes for each of the directors as well.
(A) and (B) or
(C) but (D) so
19 You can either submit your application by
e-mail send the needed information
by post.
(A) or
(C) nor
(B) and
(D) also
20 All new computer technicians should receive
and up-to-date training in the use and
maintenance of state-of-the-art equipment.
(A) adequacy (B) adequate
(C) adequateness (D) adequately
Questions 21-23 refer to the following announcement.
The Asia-Market Builders Association, Asia's oldest construction worker sourcing agency, is happy
to announce that it is . With foreign investments in China and other Asian countries
21 (A) closing (B) exceeding
(C) expanding (D) lifting
increasing, the agency is actively seeking permanent carpenters, ironworkers, and electricians.
The workers being sought, according to Mr. Hwang Wei , would be of the highest competence,
professionally and personal ly. Mr. Wei also said that the likelihood that these workers
22 (A) not only (B) with
(C) as well as (D) both
may be placed in other countries once the present projects are completed is very high. In fact , con-
struction demand over the next five years in Asia will require as many as 10,000 well-trained builders.
As such, it is preferred that the workers who apply be very in their particular trade.
23 (A) skills (B) skillful ly
(C) skilled (D) skill
Answers: p. 551
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Basic Points
In a sentence, a noun clause can come in the position of the subject,
object, or complement.
What she read was a story by E.B. White.
I know that he is innocent.
My question is whether he is telling the truth.
What she read comes in the position of the subject of the first sentence. In the second
sentence, that he is innocent comes in the position of the object of the verb know. In
the last sentence, whether he is telling the truth comes in the position of the subject
complement.
A noun clause is formed by noun clause conjunction ( + subject) +
verb.
I can't tell whether you are bored or entertained.
What makes him happy is the desire for art.
Whether you are bored or entertained is the object of the verb tell. It is formed by the
noun clause conjunction (whether) + subject (you) + verb (are).
What makes him happy comes in the position of the subject of the sentence. It is
formed by the noun clause conjunction (what) + verb (makes).
Noun clause conjunctions include that , if / whether, interrogative words who, what ,
which, when, where, how, why, and compound relative pronouns whoever, what-
ever, whichever, etc.
194 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
www .n hantriviet.com
01 Positions of Noun Clauses
0 In a sentence, a noun clause -just like a noun - can come in the position of the subject,
object, or complement.
Subject Whether we have to work or not is unclear.
Object of a verb Daniel said that you had the file.
Object of a preposition The group talked about how the accident occurred.
Complement The problem is who will bring a car for tomorrow's trip.
Note: A that-clause may also come 1n the position of the direct object of trans1t1ve verbs 1n Structure 4.
The landlord informed the tenant that the rent would have to be paid immediately.
1-,. Informed is a transitive verb in Structure 4. Its Indirect object is the tenant, and its d1rect object is
the that-clause.
' i
@ Prepositions and object pronouns cannot come in the position of a noun clause conjunction.
The committee agreed oo the next meeting would take place in Geneva.
that
The preposition on cannot introduce the noun clause the next meeting would take place in Geneva. The
noun clause starting with that must be used.
He explained it the contract must be approved at this meeting.
that
The object pronoun it cannot introduce the noun clause the contract must be approved at this meeting.
The noun clause starting with that must be used.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. The company's press relations officer
confirmed Selectric, Inc. would
no longer be manufacturing pagers.
(A) about (B) of
(C) that (D) it
2. The banking industry reported
past year saw a 1 0 percent increase in
international wire transfers.
(A) about
(C) on
(B) this
(D) that
the
3. Please submit your picks for employee of
the month so that our manager can decide
will be given the award.
(A) those (B) them
(C) who (D) while
Answers: p. 551
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02 Noun Clauses Introduced by That
0 A noun clause introduced by that can come in the position of the subject, object of a verb
complement, or appositive in a sentence. '
Subject
That he won the first prize is hardly surprising.
I know that you didn't lie.
Object of a verb
Complement
Appositive
The best thing about this guitar is that it stays in tune.
The claim that he stole the car is true. [the claim = he stole the car]
8 Adjectives preceding a that-clause
be aware that
be sorry that
be glad I happy that
be convinced that
The applicant is aware that the director is not in today.
The librarian is sure that the book was stolen.
@) Nouns preceding a that-clause as an appositive
be sure that
be afraid that
fact that
news that
rumor that
statement that
report that
claim that
opinion that
idea that
confirmation that
truth that
(re)assurance that
The radio commentator announced the news that oil prices would increase.
The entire company was surprised by the report that their factory would have to shut down.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Alice Diaz was willing to work over
the weekends to ensure the success of the
ceremony is evidence of her devotion to her
work.
(A) That
(C) Since
196 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(B) But
(D) After
2. Mr. Forster was convinced his decision
to sell his shares had been the right one when
the value of the stock plunged the next day.
(A) which (B) that
(C) about (D) of
3. During the meeting, the manager referred to
the rumor
money.
(A) then
(C) which
the business was losing
(B) that
(D) how
Answers: p. 551
www.nhantriviet.com
03 Noun Clauses Introduced by If/Whether
0 Both the conjunctions if and whether (or not) are used when the noun clause is formed from
a Yes/No question. In a sentence, a noun clause introduced by if/whether can come in the
position of the subject, object, or complement.
Subject Whether we succeed is not important.
I will check if the movie is playing. Object of a verb
Object of a preposition
Complement
I can't answer the question of whether or not computers can think.
The question is whether this is true.
Notes: 1. The clause starting with Whether can also function as an adverb clause. meaning it is not important
if ...
Whether you like it or not, I'm coming to see you.
2. In conditional sentences. the conjunction if cannot be replaced by whether because in this case the
if-clause is an adverb clause, meaning under the condition that ... , not a noun clause.
They will send you a catalog whether (- if) you ask.
:: They will send you a catalog under the condition that you ask for it. This is a conditional sentence,
so if must be used.
@ The fixed phrase whether A orB/whether or not is commonly used. If cannot replace whether .
I don't know if she likes me or hates me.
whether
~ If cannot replace whet her.
I can't tell if or not an e-mail message is spam.
whether
~ If cannot replace whet her.
@) An if-clause can come neither in the position of a subject nor after a preposition.
+f we succeed is not important.
Whether
~ The if-clause cannot come in the position of the subject, so If must be changed to Whether.
I' m confused about if we should invite everyone in the class.
whether
~ h e if-clause cannot come after the preposition, so if must be changed to whether.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C),
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Ms. Owen still isn't sure she will
open a production plant in South America
to cut down the cost of labor.
(A) if
(C) however
(B) though
(D) while
2. She is still thinking about whether to
boost the office's computer systems with the
latest software programs.
(A) or (B) or not
(C) and (D) and not
3. The committee is still deciding about
to allocate funds for monthly training sessions
for employees.
(A) if
(C) whether
(B) that
(D) which
Answers: p. 552
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04 Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative Word
0 A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative pronoun who, whose, what, or which
that is the subject or object of the noun clause. Hence, the interrogative pronoun starts an
incomplete clause.
I don't know who typed the letter.
What he said was unclear.
I don't know which is better.
8 A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative adjective whose, what, or which both
modifying the noun following it and starting the noun clause that comes in the position of
the subject or object of the sentence. Hence, the interrogative adjective starts an incomplete
clause.
I don't know whose car it is.
What clubs you are in is not important.
The discussion should be about which plan is better.
@) A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative adverb when, where, how, or why. A
complete clause follows an interrogative adverb.
The child will ask when she can start piano lessons.
Where I found the book is a secret.
You need to practice how you should handle client complaints.
The shoppers wondered why the book was so expensive.
Note: How go1ng with an adverb or ad1ect1ve starts a noun clause.
The clerk w1ll tell me how much money I have to pay.
Can you tell me o w ~ eat vegetables?
- . ~ 'I ~
e The noun clause interrogative word + subject + should + verb may be changed to
interrogative word+ to-infinitive (phrase).
1 have to decide what to do (= what I should do} first.
They don't know when to stop (= when they should stop) .
Note: Whether may also come in the position of the interrogative word in front of the to-infinitive (phrase).
The director hasn't decided whether to release the report.
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B) , (C),
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
1. The manager wants to know
prepared the employee profiles for the
company website, as he finds them
unprofessional and inappropriate.
(A} how (B) that
(C) which (0} who
198 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
2. To make preparations for the event, the
caterer asked many people would be
present at the dinner.
(A} about
(C) how
(B) concerning
(D) what
3. The company's lawyer will know to do
in this situation, so let's make an appointment
to see him.
(A) what
(C) which
(B) that
(D) where
Answers: p. 552
www.nhantriviet.com
05 Noun Clauses Introduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun
0 A noun clause may be introduced by a compound relative pronoun coming in the position of the sub-
ject or object of a sentence. A compound relative pronoun has a double function: it acts as the
subject/object in its own clause and it also acts as a conjunction joining its clause to the rest of the
sentence. Note that compound relative pronouns usually have no expressed antecedents.
whoever(= anyone who)
whatever (= anything that)
whomever (= anyone whom)
whichever (= anything that, anyone who)
Subject
Object
Whoever(= Anyone who) answered the phone was very polite.
You can select whatever (= anything that) you want.
@ The compound relative pronoun is the subject or object of a noun clause, so an incomplete clause
follows the compound relative pronoun.
Whoever visits my website is asked for a username.
Please choose whichever theme you like.
@ The context is the factor that decides whether an interrogative pronoun or a compound relative pro-
noun must be used.
Wfte did it was not an amateur.
Whoever
~ h e sentence refers to anyone who did it, not someone in particular, so whoever is more suitable.
Whoever did it was not important.
Who
~ h e sentence refers to someone in particular, so who is more suitable.
I'll take wftieft side you' re not using.
whichever
~ h e sentence refers to any side that the other person is not using, so whichever is more suitable.
I have finally decided on whichever side I should choose.
which
~ h e sentence means among several sides, I have chosen one specific side, so which is more suitable.
Decide which of the choices- (A), (8), (C), or (D) 2. The supervisor reminded us that needed
- best completes the sentence.
1. is said at this very private meeting is
confidential and should not leave the room for
any reason.
(A) Whichever
(C) Whenever
www.nhantriviet.com
(B) Whatever
(D) However
a certificate of employment for personal reasons
should ask for Ms. Simon's assistance.
(A) who (B) whenever
(C) whoever (D) whomever
3. team of sales representatives has sold
the highest number of units will receive the Team
of the Month award.
(A) Which
(C) Whichever
(B) Some
(D) These
Answers: p. 552
Chapter 18 Noun Clauses 199
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06 Distinguishing between What and That
0 A clause introduced by what functions as a noun clause, while a that-clause may function as a
noun clause, an adjective clause, or an adverb clause in a sentence.
It's hard to decide what is right to do.
~ h e what-clause is a noun clause which comes in the position of the object of the verb decide.
I knew that there was a shortage of ink cartridges.
~ h e that-clause is a noun clause which comes in the position of the object of the verb know.
I have a plan that will help you stop smoking.
~ h e that-clause modifies the noun plan, so it is an adjective clause.
The movie was so funny that I watched it twice.
~ h e that-clause following so/ such is an adverb clause.
8 When a what-clause and a that-clause function as a noun clause, what starts an incomplete
clause and that starts a complete clause.
I want to know what makes you happy.
~ W h a t itself is the subject of the noun clause, so it starts an incomplete clause.
That you need more money is obvious.
~ h a t starts a noun clause, so following it is a complete clause.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C),
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
1. As an advertiser, it is absolutely vital to
understand most customers
expect and want from manufacturers.
(A) how (B) that
(C) what (D) whether
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2. lmplementers understand they cannot
use company funds earmarked for project
expenses on rest and recreation.
(A) about (B) it
(C) what (D) that
3. New computer programs have made it so much
easier to store information in databases
even a novice can compile one from a given set
of data.
(A) that
(C) what
(B) there
(D) when
Answers: p. 552
Hackers Skill What cannot start an adjective clause (also known as a relative clause) or an adverb
clause.
I'm listening to a CD what (- that) came out last week.
It was such a lovely day what (- that) it was a pity to get up.
200 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 It is definite (that/what) she will commence with the presentation tomorrow.
02 It is not certain (whose/which) of the representatives will be sent to one of our important clients.
03 Investors are afraid (that/what) the war on terror will cause stock shares to plummet.
04 They questioned her regarding her skills instead of (if /whether) she had the appropriate experience.
05 (Who/Whoever) has an interest in the position of field manager should send a resume to the main
office.
06 It is difficult to know (that/what) to expect on the first day of a job.
07 He was of the opinion (that/which) the marketing team needed a new leader.
Identify the noun clause and state its position in each sentence.
08 Suppliers will have to decide when the time is right to make a change.
09 How the company manages to stay afloat with all its debt is a mystery.
1 0 The motorists were concerned about what roads had been blocked due to the accident.
11 New office chairs are what the receptionists have requested numerous times.
12 The company was founded on the idea that quality service should be provided to everyone.
13 The accountant doesn't understand why 1 0 percent of profit must go to pension funds.
14 The fact is that some exports will have to be cut back because of inventory shortages.
Answers: p. 552
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H A C K E R S
T E S T
Part 5
01 the holiday is only going to last three
days is a disappointment to the entire staff.
(A) What (B) That
(C) Although (D) So
02 Our supervisor wants to know the
final revisions will be made to the contract.
(A) on
(C) which
(B) about
(D) when
03 At 6:00, club members joining the
special clambake at the beach should be at
the entrance of the Lakeside Center.
(A) all
(C) when
(B) somewhat
(D) whichever
04 The major issue we face is the fact
within the next month our spending will
exceed the budget.
(A) that
(C) rather than
(B) coming from
(D) what
05 As the manager of the hotel, I can assure you
that room you choose will be of the
highest standards.
(A) these
(C) whose
(B) some
(D) whichever
06 The tailor shop is requesting the customer
07
to return the expensive suits were
mistakenly packed with his purchase.
(A) what (B) whoever
(C) this (D) that
Doctor William will give a speech at
the Remand Hotel remains undecided.
(A) About
(C) Whether
(B) Before
(D) It
202 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
C? Time limit: 11 minutes
08 When questioned as to he was planning
to work for the competition, Mr. Graham said
he would always be loyal to Sanford and Sons.
(A) whenever (B) while
(C) whether (D) whereas
09 We want all staff to be aware security
codes will be changed on the following
Monday.
(A) concerning
(C) that
(B) of
(D) which
10 Please remember the vacation policy
has been changed this year.
(A) that (B) when
(C) if (D) what
11 Next week's workshop will focus on
to be an effective and trustworthy leader in
the corporate world.
(A) which
(C) what
(B) how
(D) that
12 A key to closing a deal is to realize
knowing how to negotiate means having a
sense of how people think and feel.
(A) so that (B) in that
(C) and that (D) that
13 Employees are reminded they should
limit their use of office supplies, as budget
cuts will be taking effect immediately.
(A) if (B) that
(C) still (D) yet
14 Although staff members have some leeway
when it comes to daily activities, the supervisor
determines tasks get done by whom.
(A) when
(C) what
(B) whoever
(D) whose
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15 The new employees wondered 18 The chairman of Rochelle Petrochemicals is of
they would be given health care and some
benefits.
(A) whom
(C) that
(B) if
(D) what
the opinion the new manufacturing plant
will not significantly affect the environment.
(A) then (B) that
(C) how (D) when
16 Martin's job is so demanding he 19 We will be holding a meeting this afternoon to
17
takes occasional three-day leave to get away
from the pressures of office work.
(A) that (B) there
(C) what (D) where
leaves the office last will be required
to make sure all the lights are off and lock all
doors behind them.
(A) Who
(C) Whose
(B) Whom
(D) Whoever
decide needs to be revised before the
report goes to print.
(A) what
(C) whether
(B) those
(D) there
20 For those who have made an investment,
happens during the first year is an
important indicator of how successful the
company will be.
(A) that
(C) what
(B) as
(D) how
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter.
This is in reply to your letter of complaint dated September 25. We credited your account for the
amount which you disputed in your communication. However, one of our employees later gave you
another credit for the same situation. Could you check you have the correct amount in
21 (A) where (B) though
(C) whereas (D) whether
your account? To remedy the problem, we have the extra amount. The adjustment should
22 (A) withdrawn (B) ret reated
(C) aboli shed (D) foregone
be reflected in your October account statement , which was sent out yesterday.
We apologize for our mistake and any difficulty it may have caused.
23 (A) sincerity (B) most sincere
(C) sincere (D) sincerely
EMILY CAMACHO
Senior Accountant
Answers: p. 552
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Basic Points
A relative clause functions as an adjective and modifies a preceding
noun (also known as an antecedent).
The woman who lives next door is ki nd.
I found a shop where I can get a discount.
Who lives next door and where I can get a discount function as an adjective modifying
their antecedents (the woman and a shop). These relative clauses are also called adjec-
tive clauses.
Relative clauses are divided into two types: defining and non-defining.
A defining relative clause is used to clearly define who or what is being referred to.
Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is being mentioned.
A non-defining relative clause provides additional information which is not essential to
understanding the meaning of a sentence.
Defining relative clause I have two sisters who are teachers.
Non-defining rel ative clause I have two sisters, who are teachers.
In the first sentence, the defining clause who are teachers defines the two sisters. It can
be inferred that besides these two sisters, the speaker may also have other sisters who
are not teachers.
In the second one, the non-defining clause who are teachers adds more information to
the two sisters. It can be understood that the speaker has only two sisters and they are
both teachers.
A non-defining relative clause may modify the whole sentence before it .
Charlie became a lawyer, which surprised his friends.
A relative clause is formed by relative pronoun (subject) + verb or
relative adverb + subject + verb.
The reporter met the designer, who is now the company's president.
The bookstore has a cafe where you can enjoy classical music.
In the first sentence, the antecedent designer is modified by the relative clause formed by
the relative pronoun (who) + verb (is). Who could be seen as conjunction + pronoun (and
he/ she).
In the second sentence, the antecedent a cafe is modifi ed by the relative clause formed
by the relative adverb {where) + subject (you) + verb (can enjoy). Where could be seen as
conjunction + adverb (and there).
Relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, that ; relative adverbs are when,
where, why, how.
204 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www .n hantriviet.com
01 Positions and Functions of Relative Clauses
0 A relative clause can come between the subject and verb or at the end of a sentence.
The tourists whom Eric guided were from Germany.
I can't find the book which was on the desk.
Note: Unlike adverb clauses, relat1ve clauses cannot come before and mod1fy the whole sentence.
the library is comfortable for reading. (X)
. .
8 Other adverbs or pronouns cannot be used in place of relative adverbs or pronouns which start
a relative clause.
Fill out the application forms, tftese are available online.
which
pronoun those cannot start the relative clause. The relative pronoun which must be used.
We often go to a restaurant tftere we can eat hearty meals.
where
adverb there cannot start the relative clause. The relative adverb where must be used.
@ It is important to use relative pronouns correctly. Do not confuse a relative pronoun starting a
relative clause and a conjunction starting a noun clause.
I know the boy wftat broke this fence.
who
sentence needs a relative clause to modify the noun the boy, so the relative pronoun who must be
used.
I know whe the boy did to the fence.
what
sentence needs a noun clause to be the object of the verb know, so the noun clause conjunction
what must be used.
e Only a finite verb (a verb that is conjugated) can be used in a relative clause.
The company will reply only to those who meeting our requirements.
-- meet
the finite verb meet , not the gerund meeting, can be the verb of the relative clause.
Decide which of the choices- (A) , (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Most of the products and goods are
traded online are sold directly by the owner.
(A) they (B) those
(C) that (D) these
2. Recently the director released the list of
engineers have been nominated to lead
the bridge project.
(A) which
(C) who
(B) what
(D) they
3. Dietary supplements come from plants
are generally known to be safe, but some may
interfere with a wound's capacity to heal.
(A) whatever (B) what
(C) whichever (D) which
Answers: p.552
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02 Relative Pronouns
0 When the antecedent is a person, the relative pronoun who(m) is used. When the antecedent is
a thing or an animal, the relative pronoun which is used.
We are looking for someone wftieft is intelligent and dedicated.
who
relative pronoun who is used because the antecedent refers to a human (someone).
The files wlw are stacked on his desk are due next week.
which
relat ive pronoun which is used because the antecedent refers to things (The files) .
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Note: The relat1ve pronoun that can come in the position of the subject or object of relative clauses,
regardless of the antecedents. However, it cannot come after a preposition or a comma (.).
The baker, that (- who) IS French, opened a new store in the area.
The person with that (-with whom) I talked last week is my lawyer.
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8 There are three kinds of relative pronouns: subject relative pronouns, object relative pronouns,
and possessive relative pronouns.
Positions
Subject
Antecedents
People who
Things I animals which
People and things/animals that
I know the person who is standing in line.
The car which is in the garage is Steve' s.
Object Possession
whom, who whose
which whose, of which
that
relative pronoun who / which comes in the position of the subject of the relative clause. Hence, the
finite verb is follows who/ which.
The girl (whom/ who) I met yesterday is my best friend.
He took the medicine (which) the doctor prescribed.
relative pronoun whom/ who/ which comes in the position of the object of the relative clause. Hence, a
subject (1/ the doctor) and a finite verb (met/prescribed) follow whom/who/which. In this case, the object
relative pronoun whom/ who/ which can be omitted.
I had to meet with my neighbor, whose dog I have been watching.
The students are writing a report , the topic of which is Korean history.
possessive relative pronoun whose modifies the noun dog. If the antecedent is a thing (a report), of
which can replace whose and be put after the noun it modifies.
TOtiCQuestlons
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B) , (C),
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Any contract is not signed by the
members of the Board of Directors would
have no legal power even though its terms
may have already been executed.
(A) who (B) which
(C) whom (D) of which
206 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
2. Gecko is an organization mission is to
provide financial relief to families left homeless by
natural disasters.
(A) which
(C) whom
(B) that
(D) whose
3. Job candidates are presently unemployed
or are studying to obtain a degree must furnish
this information on their application forms.
(A) who (B) which
(C) whom (D) whose
Answers: p. 552
www.nhantriviet.com
03 Usage of Relative Pronouns
0 Preposition + relative pronoun
When the noun in the first sentence and the object of the preposition in the second sentence refer to
the same person/thing, the two sentences may be joined into a complex sentence using the structure
preposition + relative pronoun.
I ran into a woman. + I had worked with her.
- I ran into a woman whom I had worked with.
- I ran into a woman with whom I had worked.
An appropriate preposition will be used depending on the meaning of the antecedent or the verb in the
relative clause.
I had a holiday during which I was able to see my family. (::> during the holiday)
This is the book about which we talked yesterday. (::> talk about)
A complete clause follows the structure preposition + relative pronoun.
You have a sponsor to whom you must submit a report.
@ Indefinite pronoun + of + relative pronoun
one/each
all/both
some/any
several
many I much I most . .
half/the rest +of+ relative pronoun (whom/which/whose+ noun)
The program enrolls 20 students. + All of the students are women.
- The program enrolls 20 students, and ~ of them are women.
- The program enrolls 20 students, ~ of whom are women.
8 Omitting subject relative pronouns
The subject relative pronoun in the structure subject relative pronoun + be may be omitted.
The place (which was) chosen for the reception is beautiful.
I want to know the person (who is) responsible for this mess.
The park (which is) around my house is open for day use only.
~ n the above relative clauses, which was, who is, which is may be omitted. Only the key words - the past
participle chosen, the adjective responsible, and the prepositional phrase around my house - remain.
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C) , or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Electronic delivery methods such as e-mail
and fax are the most common ways
which international communications are made
these days.
(A) to
(C) by
(B) for
(D) of
2. There were more than 1 00 graduate students
in attendance at our internship fair, many of
had prior work experience.
(A) who
(C) them
(B) whom
(D) that
3. Of the three applicants for appointment
to a managerial position, two have worked in
an international setting.
(A) eligibility (B) eligible
(C) eligibly (D) eligibleness
Answers: p. 552
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04 Relative Adverbs
0 Different relative adverbs are used depending on the antecedents.
Antecedents Relative adverbs
---'1
Time [day, year, time] when
Reason [the reason] why
Place [place, building] where
Thursday is the last day when classes meet.
The place where I had lunch has a great salad bar.
The article explains the reason why customers are so indecisive.
Note: When how 1s used, there is no antecedent (e.g. the way, the method).
I tried to figure out the way I how the machine works.
-:.ro ~ ~
8 Relative adverbs may be replaced by the structure preposition+ relative pronoun.
The conditions where (= in which} the laborers work are unacceptable.
The day when (=on which} he proposed to me was the best day of my life.
@) A complete clause follows a relative adverb; an incomplete clause follows a relative pronoun.
Tomorrow is the last time when we will be able to see each other before you go.
~ h e complete clause follows the relative adverb when.
That is the boy who broke my window.
~ The incomplete clause follows the relative pronoun who.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Any person would like to visit the
exhibition must have a written statement of
permission from administration.
(A) who (B) when
(C) which (D) whose
208 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
2. The new shuttle service, has been
operating since last year, serves all of the
city's main stopping points.
(A) who (B) which
(C) what (D) where
3. She applied to the company she had
previously worked when just out of university.
(A) which (B) when
(C) of which (D) where
Answers: p. 552
www.nhantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 Mr. Gomez is familiar with Asian culture, (which/they) will help him as the liaison for Hong Kong.
02 All applicants (which / who) are waiting in line must have their documents ready.
03 Any staff writer (whose / that) proposal is selected for funding will receive an all-paid vacation.
04 The company purchased mobile communication devices (those/that) serve both as phones and
e-mail portals.
05 Customers (who / they) wish to sign up for a store membership may stop by the information desk.
06 Working for the firm allows you to purchase stock options (which/who) are offered as incentives .
07 People (whom/whose) names are on the waiting list must call again tomorrow.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).
08 On your desk is the receipt for the airline tickets where must be picked up tomorrow.
09 The number of entertainment programs that is directed at young adults is steadily increasing.
10 The upcoming workshop is the first one that the company having organized.
11 Miscommunication between coworkers is a problem when has caused a lot of tension in the office.
12 The main building, that houses the superior officers, has an electronically monitored gate.
13 The company manufactures diet pills and sleeping tablets, both of them are top sellers.
14 The surroundings where the employees work are pleasant.
Answers: p. 552
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 The director developed a list of criteria for
development, he feels will boost the
company's prestige.
(A) which
(C) what
(B) that
(D) who
02 A conference to discuss the terms of the
settlement will be held at a time and place
to both parties involved.
(A) acceptance (B) acceptingly
(C) accept (D) acceptable
03 lnterpid Travel employed eight certified
agents, all of were trained at the
same institute in Manhattan.
(A) what
(C) this
(B) whom
(D) their
04 Conference attendees confirm their
attendance early will be eligible for pre-
assigned seating.
(A) whose
(C) who
(B) what
(D) whom
05 At a meeting yesterday, we studied the most
recent budget proposal , the board
thinks will help pull the corporation out of debt.
(A) whether (B) where
(C) which (D) that
06 Changes in our organizational structure
have created ways for employees to explore
opportunities were previously not
available.
(A) what
(C) that
(B) those
(D) there
07 People entering business administration need
a broad knowledge of the culture in
they will eventually put their professional
training to work.
(A) which
(C) whom
210 - Hackers TOEI C Readi ng
(B) that
(D) whose
(9 Time limit: 11 minutes
08 Mr. Thompson collected a list of employees
were unable to attend the official
company picnic.
(A) whose
(C) whom
(B) who
(D) whoever
09 Enclosed with this letter is a pre-addressed,
stamped envelope to mail your
application for membership to our club.
(A) which (B) in which
(C) what (D) whenever
10 The company is requesting that high-level
executives complete a survey details
what their main tasks consist of.
(A) who
(C) which
11 The package
(B) why
(D) where
was sent to Mr. Jones
was returned to us when the mail carrier
could not locate the address on the shipping
label.
(A) when
(C) what
(B) who
(D) that
12 GasCo sells more than 8 million gallons of oil
a year, half of is consumed in the
United States alone.
(A) many
(C) each
(B) which
(D) whose
13 Please tell the person in charge to let us
know the assessment forms have
been completed by the participants.
(A) when (B) that
(C) what (D) whatever
14 A dinner will take place next Friday to honor
Richard Perkins, has been a great
asset to this bank for over thirty years.
(A) who (B) which
(C) whose (D) of which
www.nhantriviet.com
15 When the director asked respon-
sibility the project was, he was told that it was
the CEO's.
(A) who
(C) whose
(B) which
(D) that
16 Mr. McKenzie has been working on
the campaign longer than anyone else will
take charge of the project.
(A) whom (B) whose
(C) who (D) which
17 Only Speedy Shipping offers a variety of
delivery options utilize both air and
sea transportation.
(A) why
(C) where
Part 6
(B) that
(D) what
Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail.
Date: December 8
From: lcollins@squaresystems.com
To: rafael@squaresystems.com
Re: Press conference
Rafael ,
18 The Mother Nature Garden Show,
annually demonstrates the newest technology
in horticulture, draws over 5,000 attendees
during its week-long run.
(A) when (B) which
(C) where (D) whose
19 We are currently seeking a partner firm
marketing principles are similar to
our own.
(A) who
(C) whose
(B) which
(D) where
20 An employee performance during
a specified period is satisfactory is entitled
to a wage increase based on current pay
standards.
(A) who
(C) whose
(B) whom
(D) in which
The correct date for the press conference is on December 16. In my last communication, I
21 (A) consequently (B) properly
(C) mistakenly (D) substantially
told you that it would be on December 12. I got the date mixed up with an appointment I have with
a reporter from Business Week. You probably already know that Alan and I arranged for
22 (A) have (B) to have
(C) having had (D) would have
special bus service between the hotel where the conference will be held and our offices. This is to
facilitate the transport of staff, guests and equipment to the hotel. I'm trying to verify the names of
the delegates will be using the service to make certain that we have a sufficient number
23 (A) whose (B) whom
(C) which (D) who
of seats. Could you send me this list as soon as possible?
Answers: p. 552
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Basic Points
An adverb clause is a dependent clause functioning as an adverb in a
sentence. It indicates time, place, condition, etc.
Please call me before you leave.
If he falls, he will get hurt.
Before you leave and If he falls are adverb clauses of time and condition. Without
them, the sentences are still complete and make sense.
An adverb clause is formed by adverb clause conjunction + subject +
verb.
Once you have time, pay a visit to your grandmother.
The adverb clause in the sentence is formed by the adverb clause conjunction (once) +
subject (you) + verb (have).
Conjunctions that start an adverb clause include once, when, if, although, because,
whatever, etc.
In case the verb in the adverb clause is be, subject+ be may be omitted.
I would like to get it done today if (it is) possible.
01 Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses
0 An adverb clause is a dependent clause that comes before or after the main clause.
In case we don't get in touch next week, I' ll see you after the holidays.
I like to have a cup of coffee while I'm getting ready in the morning.
8 An adverb clause functions as an adverb, which cannot be confused with a noun clause func-
tioning as a noun.
Adverb clause I will lend you money if you pay me back tomorrow.
Noun clause I demand that you pay me back.
adverb clause functions as an adverb of condition, while the noun clause functions as a noun coming
in the positi on of the obj ect of the verb demand.
@ An adverb clause cannot be confused with a relative clause modifying a noun.
Adverb clause She began cleaning when she learned that visitors were coming.
Relative clause Our home is a warm place where we can enjoy each other's company in safety.
adverb clause does not modify any noun, while the relative clause modifies the antecedent a warm
place.
e An adverb clause conjunction may also start a participial phrase (V-ing, p.p.).
After buying food at the market, he prepared himself a delicious meal.
The oil will burn quickly unless placed on a low flame.
adverb clause conjunction after / unless starts the participial phrase buying food at the market / placed
on a low flame.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C),
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
1. the marketing head transfers to
Singapore, there will be an open position
at the main office.
(A) So
(C) If
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(B) Wherever
(D) Whom
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2. the minimum wage has increased in
some countries over the past few years, it is
still below poverty level in many places.
(A) However (B) That
(C) Whereas (D) Despite
3. Customers who hear music on an open tele-
phone line placed on hold are less
likely to hang up.
(A) to
(C) nearby
(B) as
(D) while
Answers: p. 552
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02 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Time
0 Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of time.
Conjunctions
until
before
Examples
He was not allowed to play until he had done his homework.
They lit the candles before they turned out the lights.
When the doctor made the diagnosis, the patient was shocked.
While waiting for her son, Mrs. Cosby read a magazine.
when
as
while
even as
since
after
{) When is used to indicate the time of which an event starts; while is used when
once
as soon as
(= immediately after)
two actions happen simultaneously for some time.
I haven't eaten anything since I got home last night.
They left the theater after the singer gave an encore.
We will send your shipment once we confirm payment.
They stopped working as soon as dusk settled in.
Notes: 1. As/since also means because used to state a reason; while is also used when comparing things,
situations, or people and showing how they are different.
Her doctor ordered her to go on a diet since she had gained thirty pounds in two months.
Some people like to take one long vacation, while others prefer many shorter trips.
2. Two adverb clause conjunctions cannot go together, except until after.
Please stay here and wait until after I'm done with my meeting.
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8 In adverb clauses of time, the present simple tense is used instead of the future simple tense.
They hope to finish the report before the library wi ll close.
-- closes
present simple tense (closes) , not the future simple tense (will close) , is used in the adverb clause of
time.
Note: The past s1mple tense is used 1n the adverb clause starting w1th since, and the present perfect tense is
used in the main clause.
The postman has delivered mail to community residents since he was in his twent1es.
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Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. all of the appropriate paperwork has
been filed, you will be officially registered as
an accountant at this firm.
(A) Whether
(C) As if
214 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(B) Once
(D) Yet
2. Staff members have reported hundreds of
phone calls the promotion was aired
on television and radio a few hours ago.
(A) by (B) before
(C) past (D) since
3. Patrons who arrive more than twenty minutes
the opera begins should wait in the
lobby until the doors to the main hall are
opened.
(A) before
(C) during
(B) when
(D) while
Answers: p. 553
www.nhantriviet.com
03 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Condition and Concession
0 Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of condition.
Conjunctions
if
unless (= if - not)
as long as
providing I provided (that)
on condition that
only if
in case (that)
in the event (that)
Examples
~
If you would like a confirmation call, please include your phone number.
Let's go to the movies tomorrow, unless you have other plans.
You can use my car as long as you take good care of it.
You will get a discount providing you purchase two sets.
Refunds are offered only if purchases are returned within two weeks.
We have a back-up speaker in case Mr. Sanchez arrives late.
Call a customer representative immediately in the event that your credit
card is stolen.
<f> In case (that) and in the event (that) are used for saying what will happen
in a particular situation.
8 Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of concession.
Conjunctions Examples
~ ~ ~
although, though, even if, Although he promised to come early, he was late again.
even though
whereas, while The manager is aggressive, whereas his assistant is soft-spoken .
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C) , or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. The value of the dollar will continue to drop
the American economy undergoes a
dramatic revival.
(A) unl ess
(C) even
(B) whether
(D) or
.
2. The CEO has decided to bring Perry James
along on his business trip he is
inexperienced and underqualified.
(A) if (B) so
(C) although (D) because
3. Please refer to the enclosed manual or call one
of our technicians
fine-tune your device.
(A) unless
(C) whether
you are unable to
(B) while
(D) if
Answers: p. 553
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04 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Reason, Purpose, Result,
Exception and Others
0 Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of reason, purpose, and result.
Conjunctions
because, as, since
now that
Examples
You should ask Mr. Carter since he is the expert.
Now that we are all here, let's begin the meeting.
in that We are different in that you prefer to keep your opinions to yourself.
so that, in order that He made changes in the presentation so that it could be more easily understood.
so/ such - that Miguel was so tired from studying that he fell asleep in the library.
It was such a clear day that we could see the far-off mountains.
8 Except that, but that
I have no problem with Daniel except that he never shows up on time.
8 As if, as though, (just) as
It seemed as though there was something wrong with Jeff today.
9 Given that, considering (that)
It is surprising how well Michael is doing, considering that he only got out of the hospital last week.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. A gathering of all the company's senior
managers has been arranged we
can discuss problems involving customer
dissatisfaction.
(A) in order
(C) because
216 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(B) so that
(D) such
2. A number of our staff were late coming to the
3.
office today the eastbound A-train got
stuck on the tracks.
(A) if
(C) that
(B) because
(D) unless
that exports have failed to recover
the economy, the government is appealing to
corporate entities for help.
(A) Considering (B) Even so
(C) In case (D) Unless
Answers: p. 553
www .n hantriviet.com
05 Compound Relative Adverbs/ Pronouns
0 An adverb clause may also be introduced by a compound relative adverb.
whenever(= at any time when, no matter when)
wherever (=at any place where, no matter where)
however ( = by whatever means, no matter how)
We were greeted with smiles wherever (= at any place where) we went in that small town.
You can visit our office whenever (= no matter when) you want.
However (= No matter how) much that house is, I' m willing to pay the price.
~ n case however means no matter how, it can be replaced by the structure however+ adjective/adverb+
subject + verb.
8 The compound relative pronouns whoever, whatever, whichever may also start an adverb
clause.
whoever (= no matter who)
whatever ( = no matter what)
whichever ( = no matter which)
Whoever(= No matter who) calls on the phone, tell them I'm coming back from my trip tomorrow.
cf. Whatever we have to do is alright with me.
~ In this sentence, whatever starts the noun clause as the subject of the sentence. Compound relative
pronouns are presented in Chapter 18 - Noun Clauses.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. We at Grayson Automot ive would appreciate
it if you would fill out this service evaluation
it is convenient for you.
(A) whichever (B) whoever
(C) whenever (D) whatever
2. much your company is paying you, I
can guarantee twice that salary if you work for
us.
(A) Whatever
(C) Whichever
(B) However
(D) Whenever
3. Electronic communications make it possible
to do business you are in the world,
whether in or out of the country.
(A) whenever (B) whomever
(C) wherever (D) whatever
Answers: p. 553
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06 Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions
0 Below are some adverb clause conjunctions and prepositions that may easily cause confusion.
Meanings
Adverb clause conjunctions
Prepositions
Time when
in, at
while
during
by the time, until
by, until
after, before
following, after, before
once, as soon as
on/upon + V-ing
since
since
Condition unless
without
in case (that), in the event (that)
in case of, in the event of
Concession although, even though, while
despite, in spite of
Reason because, as, since because of, due to
Purpose so that, in order that
so as to /in order to + V
Exception except that, but that except (for), but (for)
Others given that, considering (that) given, considering
whether regardless of
as if, as though like
as as
8 An adverb clause conjunction starts a clause, while a preposition comes before a noun or
noun phrase.
The meeting was postponed because Mr. Stanley had urgent business to attend to.
The meeting was postponed because of urgent matters.
~ h e adverb clause conjunction because starts the clause, while the preposition because of comes before
the noun phrase urgent matters.
Note: A connecting adverb cannot start an adverb clause, but an adverb clause conjunction can.
We will lose this client otherwise (- unless) we can get the shipment in on t1me.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Our office can begin filling out the order
the completed request form and
instructions are sent via fax.
(A) once
(C) upon
(B) just
(D) still
2. Housing prices stabilized interest
rates on mortgages rose sharply due to the
overall economic fluctuation.
(A) during
(C) while
(B) in addition
(D) meantime
3. the company has been selling the
same product for thirty years, it is still popular
with consumers all over the country.
(A) In spite of (B) Nevertheless
(C) Therefore (D) Although
Answers: p. 553
HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 (As/ For) my car broke down, I missed the meeting.
02 (Also/ Although) his opportunities are wide open, he'd like to stay with the small company.
03 We can't confirm your order (until/while) you provide a transaction receipt.
04 (Even though/In spite of) the restaurant is always crowded, people still wait in line to be able to
get a table.
05 Please provide an e-mail address with unlimited storage (therefore/in case) we have to send large
files.
06 The library will be open to the public by February (so/if) the remodeling is completed before the
second week of January.
07 Mr. Anderson has been given his own office (so that/hence) he can work in peace.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).
08 They moved into the office even the electricity had not been turned on yet.
09 Despite the director retired last week, nobody has taken his place as of yet.
10 Total profit rose by 20 percent during Mr. Jameson acted as president of the company.
11 The assembly line was stopped although a machine broke down.
12 The hostess will mail out the invitations as soon they arrive from the printing shop.
13 We have to postpone the picnic while the weather forecaster said it would rain.
14 Nobody will be permitted inside this building unless when accompanied by a security guard.
Answers: p. 553
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 The telephone information service is available
round the clock it is a special holiday.
(A) regardless (B) whether
(C) despite (D) even if
02 The new work schedule cuts back on extra
hours improving employee efficiency
with longer lunch breaks.
(A) while (B) but
(C) after (D) since
03 At this company, quarterly bonuses are
awarded, all of the sales goals
are met.
(A) so as
(C) rather than
(B) depending on
(D) provided that
04 The loan agency has been closed for inves-
tigation claims were made that the
owner dipped into overhead funds.
(A) when (B) due to
(C) in spite of (D) since
05 We will hold a workshop more than
ten employees register.
(A) while (B) before
(C) if (D) because
06 The club is so exclusive that visitors are
not permitted to use its services
accompanied by a member.
(A) without (B) otherwise
(C) but (D) unless
07 Some of the suggestions proposed by
the assistant manager had to be declined
they did not reflect the company's
approach to employee relations.
(A) unless (B) rather than
(C) because (D) anyway
220 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 11 minutes
08 The company decided to change its policy
regarding holiday breaks the labor
union initiated a strike.
(A) while
(C) when
(B) where
(D) whether
09 Frank prefers having a quick meal at
his desk, Carl would rather have a leisurely
lunch at a good restaurant.
(A) As soon as (B) While
(C) Because of (D) However
10 Mr. Gonzales should inform his assistant
about his schedule he is planning
a business trip to Tokyo with the rest of the
marketing team.
(A) so
(C) that
(B) if
(D) due to
11 deciding whether or not to purchase
an investment property, it is important to
consider the terms of investment and the
ongoing costs.
(A) Whatever
(C) Whichever
(B) However
(D) Whenever
12 Harold Grist became the company's top senior
manager successfully leading the firm
through a period of near bankruptcy.
(A) with (B) in
(C) after (D) like
13 Employees are being asked to pull overtime
the current project has been
completed.
(A) while
(C) during
(B) until
(D) upon
14 you sign the document, you should
carefully review the details of the contract.
(A) Because (B) Since
(C) Before (D) While
www.nhantriviet.com
15 This color copier will last beyond its warranty
the machine is periodically maintained
and worn-out parts are replaced.
(A) whereas (B) in case
(C) unless (D) as long as
16 accompanied by an adult, children
under the age of twelve are admitted free into
the museum.
(A) With
(C) Only
(B) When
(D) By
17 An additional 78,000 job opening is available
for entry-level workers increasing
foreign investments have spurred companies
to establish new factories.
(A) that
(C) as
Part 6
(B) if
(D) which
Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail.
Date: August 9
From: bpitt@pantheonfurniture.com
To: fdylan@pantheonfurniture.com
Re: Pol icy change
Hi Frank,
18 the bank approves his application for
a small business loan, Gary intends to open
his shop by the end of the year.
(A) Providing (B) Nevertheless
(C) The fact what (D) Until
19 Included in this month's subscription is a
coupon for a discounted year membership
you can introduce our magazine to
your friends.
(A) in order
(C) in addition to
(B) so that
(D) such as
20 the raw material needs of the
company, we have had to explore other
means to obtain the supplies we require.
(A) Consider (B) Considered
(C) Considering (D) Consideration
Pl ease note that beginni ng August 15, Pantheon Furni ture a pol icy change ensuring our
21 (A) implements (B) have implemented
(C) will implement (D) implemented
customers that any item they buy from our warehouse is of excellent quali ty. From that date, most
merchandise can be returned within three months. A full refund will be guaranteed, the
22 (A) provided (B) once
(C) while (D) though
item being returned does not show any sign of damage or overuse. We have written up specific
gui delines as to what merchandise is covered by the poli cy adjustment. We request all supervisors
to inform thei r staff of the policy and take steps to ensure that it will be complied with.
23 (A) close (B) modern
(C) new (D) nearest
Barbara
Answers: p. 553
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Section 6
Special Structures
Chapter 21 -Comparison
Chapter 22 - Parallelism, Inversion
Basic Points
Comparison is used to say how things or people are similar and how
they are different. There are three types of comparison.
The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in
quantity or characteristics.
Peter is as old as John.
The comparative is used to compare two people or things that are not equal in quantity
or characteristics.
Peter is older than John.
The superlative is used to indicate that one person or thing has the highest degree of
quantity or characteristics when compared with the whole group.
Peter is the oldest man in the band.
In these examples, different structures with the adjective old are shown. Generally,
adjectives and adverbs can be used in comparison.
An adjective or adverb has different forms in the comparison of equality,
the comparative, and the superlative.
For an adjective/adverb that consists of only one syllable, or two syllables ending in -er,
-y, -ow, -some, the comparisons are as follows.
Comparison of equality
old
clever
Comparative
(adjective I adverb + -er)
older
cleverer
Superlative
(the + adjective I adverb + -est)
the oldest
the cleverest
For an adjective/adverb that consists of two syllables ending in -able, -ful, -ous, -ive,
or more than two syllables, the comparisons are as follows.
Comparison of equality
useful
important
Comparative
(more + adjective I adverb)
more useful
more important
Superlative
(the+ most+ adjective/adverb)
the most useful
the most important
Below are some irregular adjectives / adverbs in comparison.
Comparison of equality Comparative Superlative
good/well better the best
bad/badly worse the worst
many / much more the most
little less the least
late later I latter the latest/last
01 Comparison of Equality
0 The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in quantity
or characteristics. The structure is as+ adjective/adverb+ as.
Her hair was as black as coal.
The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer.
@ A quantifier must be used in the comparison of equality in the structure as+ many/much/few/
little + noun + as.
I ate chips as you did.
many
Please complete as possible.
much
+- The quantifier many I much must be used before the nouns in the comparison of equality because the
structure as + noun + as is incorrect.
@) Another form of the comparison of equality is the structure the same (+ noun) + as.
Nelly has the same dress as I do.
Nelly's dress is the same as mine.
e Some adverbs that can modify adjectives or adverbs in the comparison of equality are nearly,
almost, just.
The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B) , (C), or (D)
- best completes the sentence.
1. Management has decided to rotate workers to
keep the assembly line running as as
possible.
(A) efficiency
(C) more efficient
(B) efficiently
(D) efficient
2. Studies have proven that laborers work
twice hours on average as skilled
professionals in any field.
(A) much (B) more
(C) as many (D) more than
3. In order to serve you best, we ask that you
take the time to fill out our questionnaire in
detail as possible.
(A) as
(C) as much
(B) more
(D) many
Answers: p. 553
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0 The comparative is used when two people or things are compared. The structure is compara-
tive form of adjective/adverb+ than.
Last month's test was harder than this one is.
She acted more cleverly than usual.
cf. The lesson we took up in class today was ftaft:ief.
hard
there is only one person or thing, the comparative cannot be used.
:r' , parflCular quafity in one person:or thing as in another. or not as much
ti'' .. j::-<' .... ' 'K ' I
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less '+ adjective I adverb + than is used.
first one you showed 0 _. 0
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@ For referring to an amount or a number that is larger/smaller than another, larger/smaller than
before, or larger/smaller than expected, the structure more/fewer/less+ noun+ than is used.
More participants than last year came to the convention.
@) The definite article the is not used in the comparative, but it must be used in the following
cases:
The + comparative, the + comparative
The more you you will become.
tne
This structure is known as double comparative. There must be the and the comparative form of the
adjective. If not, the sentence will be wrong.
The + comparative + of the two
Daniel intelligent of the two.
tne
the two people, Daniel is more intelligent. There must be the and the comparative form of
the adjective. If not, the sentence will be wrong.
9 The adverbs much, even, still, far, a lot, by far are added to emphasize the comparative
structure.
The effort you spent on achieving your dreams is much more valuable than the dream itself.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Unfortunately the shipment will be delayed,
as our factory is experiencing more
technical problems we anticipated.
(A) or (B) while
(C) whether (D) than
2. we put off finishing these cases, the
more work there will be to do over the weekend.
(A) Longer
(C) The long
(B) Longest
(D) The longer
3. Sending the memos by fax is far than
attempting to deliver them by express mail.
(A) quickest (B) quickly
(C) quicker (D) quick
Answers: p. 553
Hackers Skill If there is than in a sentence, the adjective must be in the comparative form, and if there
is the comparative form in a sentence, than, not any other words, must be used.
This apple is sweet (- sweeter) than the one I ate yesterday.
We spent more money when/as(- than) expected on travel.
226 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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03 Superlative
0 The superlative is used when more than two people or things are compared. The structure is
superlative form of adjective/adverb+ noun+ of -/in -/that-clause.
He is the funniest boy of all the children.
It is the thickest book in the world.
It is the most informative documentary {that) I've ever seen.
cf. The quiclwst responses of the interviewee made the manager skeptical.
quick
When the phrase starting with of does not refer to a group of comparative people or things, the superlative
cannot be used.
8 The superlative adjective is always preceded by the, or sometimes, a possessive adjective.
Snoopy favorite cartoon character when I was a kid.
the/ my
is needed before the superlative adjective.
Note: To show the rank1ng of the comparison, an ordinal number IS added before the superlative adjeCtive.
United Airlines is the second largest airline in the United States.
8 By far and quite are the adverbs used to emphasize the superlative adjective/adverb.
He was by far the worst roommate.
---
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Of the many laborers at this plant, the
highly skilled will be transferred
to a newly opened facility.
(A) so (B) most
(C) such (D) much
2. Although less popular than the phonograph, the
projection box was the of the home
viewing devices available in the early 1900s.
(A) success (B) successful
(C) most success (D) most successful
3. Erickson Brands offers customers the
variety of cellular phone accessories in the
marketplace.
(A) wider
(C) most widely
(B) more widely
(D) widest
Answers: p. 553
Hackers Skill When there is of-, in - , or that-clause referring to a whole group, the superlative
form is expected in the sentence.
Bill is the slower (- slowest) of all the typists.
This building is the tall (- tallest) that I have ever seen.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 21 Comparison - 227
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0 Other comparative structures
Structures
more than + noun
less than + noun
no later than
no longer
no sooner - than
other than
Examples
There are more than 10,000 books in the library.
Less than five percent of the subscribers chose not to renew.
More than and less than also come before an adjective to emphasize it.
The meal he had at the cafeteria left him more than satisfied.
The supervisor expects us to come in to work no later than 7:00.
Mary no longer uses make-up.
No sooner did Pete put the phone down than it rang again.
Other than cornflakes, crispy bacon is her favorite breakfast food.
rather than
would rather - than
The demonstrator stood his ground rather than run away like the others.
I would rather read a book at home than watch a movie at the theater.
@ The comparison of equality and the comparative may also be used to replace the superlative
form.
Comparative + than any other -
This show is the funniest than any other sitcom on TV.
funnier
~ h i s sentence is equivalent to This show is the funniest among all sitcoms on TV.
Have + never I hardly I rarely + been + comparative
Herbs have never been more popular than they are now.
No other - I nothing + as + adjective + as
No other -I nothing + comparative + than
No other sitcom is as funny as this show.
When it comes to investing, nothing is more important than experience.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices- (A), (B) , (C) ,
or (D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Customers wanting refunds must bring in
the product and its receipt one
week after the date of purchase.
(A) no more than (B) no later than
(C) no later as (D) no more as
228 Hackers TOEIC Reading
2. I would rather make the reservation now
risk not getting a ticket down the road.
(A) than (B) else
(C) whereas (D) rather
3. Garson's Manufacturing boasts in its advertise-
ment that it can produce steel rods than
any other producer in the business.
(A) fast (B) faster
(C) fastest (D) the fastest
Answers: p. 553
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HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 Due to flight cancellations, the convention will be held tomorrow rather (as/than) today.
02 Second-hand car parts were obtained (easiest/more easily) in the past than they are now.
03 Club members are allowed to join the raffle contest as (often/more often) as they wish.
04 (Hardly I No sooner) had the package arrived than we received a call from the sender.
05 Mr. Hanson's proposals are (by far / far) the most far-sighted and well-balanced of all the propositions
submitted.
06 Purchasing the entire program is less costly (than / rather) buying and installing components
separately.
07 I believe Mr. Smith would be (much/just) as competent as the other candidate.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).
08 The nearer you live to a major transportation facility, more costly your home will be.
09 Although the building had been remodeled, the windows were the same style to the previous ones.
10 Martha is the more talented designer that I have ever encountered.
11 Buying commodities in bulk is more economically than making several trips to get the same item.
12 The turnout for the grand opening was even greater when anticipated.
13 Please bring as much samples as you can to the interview.
14 The number of people interested in world affairs is much high than it was three years ago.
Answers: p. 553
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H A C K E R S
T E S T
Part 5
01 Improving our customer outreach program
is important than reorganizing our
office system right now.
(A) better (B) more
(C) well (D) greater
02 Recent changes in the regulations and
procedures at the American embassy have
made it to get a visa in a timely
manner.
(A) such difficult
(C) fewer difficult
(B) not difficult
(D) more difficult
03 A meeting sometime after the project deadline
fits for my schedule than trying to
have one this week.
(A) better (B) good
(C) any better (D) any good
04 At this firm, young, motivated candidates who
show enthusiasm have value as
experienced professionals.
(A) a lot (B) also
(C) as much (D) so many
05 It is the company's position that moving into a
market with competition will result in
greater gains.
(A) a few
(C) often
(B) least
(D) less
06 did the manager leave on vacation
than the most important client walked in
seeking an urgent consultation.
(A) Sooner (B) No sooner
(C) The sooner (D) Any sooner
07 The company is currently much
it was five years ago.
(A) weaker (B) weakest
(C) weak (D) weakness
than
(9 Time limit: 11 minutes
08 Due to the alleged scandal , the corporation
was receiving more attention that
which was good for business.
(A) so (B) such
(C) too (D) than
09 In the field of industrial arts and applied
sciences, there are positions open
for entry-level candidates.
(A) lesser (B) fewer
(C) sort of (D) much
10 Piles of old newspapers must be stacked
and tied as as possible before being
loaded into the truck and brought to the plant.
(A) tight (B) tighter
(C) tightly (D) tightest
11 Bringing all of the brochure and website
information up to date is the task the
office team has ever faced.
(A) challenged (B) challenging
(C) more challenged (D) most challenging
12 The senior officers have decided that the
current computers are adequate for
what the staff must accomplish daily.
(A) enough poorly (B) too much
(C) more than (D) such
13 Of the two machine operators, the
qualified will be the one to run t.he new
equipment in the factory.
(A) much (B) lot
(C) better (D) so
14 Installing a new blower for an air ventilation
system may seem expensive but actually
costs in the long run than repairing
an existing one.
(A) less
(C) lessen
(B) lesser
(D) least
.... . .... _._ __ ...__: .. :_ .... ---
15 The more a camera is, the more
the customers are willing to spend on the
features that it provides.
(A) sophisticate (B) sophisticated
(C) sophisticating (D) sophistication
16 Commercial businesses are pleased that with
the current state government, taxes have
been lower than they are now.
(A) quite (B) none
(C) anything (D) never
17 In determining whether to close a bank branch,
the impact on the majority of community
members is the important factor.
(A) very (B) most
(C) much (D) mostly
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail.
Date: August 12
From: lrobinson@softhome.com
To: wmanalang@softhome.com
Re: Your trip to Spain
18 Orders are filtered to separate departments
when they arrive given to the
shipping personnel right away.
(A) than (B) rather
(C) rather as (D) rather than
19 This is to remind you that employees are
required to submit personal information
changes to the administrative department
than December 20.
(A) no more (B) no less
(C) no later (D) no longer
20 All persons who wish to register for the Skills
in Marketing Workshop must sign up at the
main office possible.
(A) as soon as (B) as long as
(C) as much as (D) as many as
I am really sorry that it has taken me such a long time to finalize the details of your planned trip to
Spain. I am expecting word from our branch in Spain on our activities for the week that
21 (A) receiving (B) to receive
(C) received (D) receives
you will be there. For the time being, here is an unconfirmed
22 (A) date
(C) ticket
(B) procedure
(D) schedule
August 22: Scott Beal will pick you up at the Madrid Barajas Airport and bring you to your hotel.
August 23: The Administrative Department is planning a tour of the branch in Toledo, Spain.
I will send you an updated itinerary no than the end of this week.
23 (A) lateness (B) latest
(C) later (D) lately
Sincerely,
Louise Robinson
Answers: p. 553
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Basic Points
Parallel ism is the usage of two or more words, phrases, or clauses that
are similar in grammatical form.
The interview was brief and informal.
Lectures will be held either in English or in French.
In the first sentence, brief and informal are joined by the coordinating conjunction and,
and parallelism is formed since they are both adjectives.
In the second sentence, in English and in French are joined by the correlative conjunc-
tion either ... or ... , and parallelism is formed since they are both prepositional phrases.
Inversion is the reversal of the normal order of the subject and the verb
in a sentence. It is often used in formal speech to put emphasis on a
certain part of a sentence.
Paula was never angrier than when she lost her ring.
Never was Paula angrier than when she lost her ring.
To form inversion, the modal verb, the auxi liary verb have/ be, or the main verb be is put
before the subject. For ordinary verbs, the auxiliary verb do/ does / did is added before
the subject, and the main verb is changed to a bare infinitive.
You can get a newspaper only in the morning. (Subject+ modal verb)
Only in the morning can you get a newspaper.
She has been thinking only lately about her future career. (Subject + have)
Only lately has she been thinking about her future career.
The students were never so scared of the teacher. (Subject + be)
Never were the students so scared of the teacher.
Richard rarely steps out of the house on weekends. (Subject + ordinary verb)
Rarely does Richard step out of the house on weekends.
232 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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01 Parallelism
0 In parallelism, there must be a correct combination of words having the same parts of speech,
for example, nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, etc.
Nouns
Verbs
AdJectives
Adverbs
His patience and intelligence made him a great leader.
The researcher will collect and analyze the data.
The hostess at the party served hot and hearty food.
The motorist in the left lane was driving recklessly and dangerously.
I
~ t e In case of parallelism between verbs, the verbs 1n the sentence must agree in number and tense.
: If she finishes the project and clean (- cleans) up her work area, she may leave early today.
, J1mmy Atkins sent out a dozen resumes and wait (- waited) for a company to call him.
' " . - - ~ '
@ In parallelism, there must be a correct combination of phrases or clauses of similar structures,
for example, gerunds with gerunds, noun clauses with noun clauses, etc.
Gerund phrases
To-Infinitive phrases
Prepositional phrases
Noun clauses
Filling out applications and interviewing for jobs can be tiresome.
I need to fix the ceiling and (to) paint it.
Decorations hanging on the wall and from the ceiling were taken down.
He wanted to tell me what he did and how he felt.
l '
' Note: In the parallel structure of to-infinitives, from the second to-infinitive phrase onward, to may be omitted.
. 1 . -. . . '.. ... . .
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A) , (B) , (C) , or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1, For many companies, liaison offices
have proven effective and when
establishing international connections in
numerous countries.
(A) profits
(C) profiting
(B) profitably
(D) profitable
2. Mr. Muir has been working on the assignment
for the past three months and to
complete it by next week.
(A) plan (B) plans
(C) to plan (D) planned
3. The responsibilities of a representative include
the company's sales goals and
managing the special requests of customers.
(A) to achieve (B) achieving
(C) achieved (D) achievement
Answers: p. 553
Hackers Skill When there is a coordinating conjunction or correlative conjunction in the sentence, all
the components involved must be parallel in grammatical form.
For a middle-aged man, he is witty and energy (- energetic).
The program includes both to cook (-cooking) a meal with a group and preparing a dish individually.
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02 Inversion
0 In conditional sentences, inversion is used in formal contexts in which if or other conditional
words are omitted and the sentence starts with Should for (conditional) type 1, Were for (con-
ditional) type 2, and Had for (conditional) type 3.
Type 1 Should + subject + bare infinitive, subject + will + bare infinitive
Type 2 Were + subject -, subject + would + bare infinitive
Type 3 Had + subject + p.p. , subject + would have + p.p.
Should you wish to visit, Mrs. Cameron will schedule a tour. (:1 If you should wish -)
Were it not for my wife, I would be completely disorganized. (:. If it were -)
Had he started cooking earlier, we would have eaten our meal on time. (:1 If he had started -)
@ Inversion must be used in a sentence beginning with a negative word, such as never, neither,
nor, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, etc.
Never had he seen such an efficiently run business. (:. He had never seen -)
Hardly had he fallen asleep when the alarm went off. (:.He had hardly fallen -)
@) Inversion must be used in a sentence beginning with only + adverb I adverb phrase I adverb
clause
Only recently has Sharon begun to make her home look tidy. (:1 Sharon has only recently begun -)
...
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or
(D) - best completes the sentence.
1. Had we
that the event would not be
a popular one with our customers, we would
have dropped the plan in its early stages.
(A) realize (B) realized
(C) been realized (D) realizes
234 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
2. Never did Mr. Lerner's penchant for details
with his capacity to see the whole
picture when making management decisions.
(A) interfered (B) to interfere
(C) interfering (D) interfere
3. Only after a consensus was taken did the
general manager to forego having his
employees do mandatory overtime work.
(A) decide (B) decides
(C) decided (D) deciding
Answers: p. 554
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HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 Tungsten Company's razor-sharp knives are designed to be {durable/duration) and slip-free.
02 (Ever I Seldom) does the team get into arguments about tasks.
03 Walking and (stretching/stretch) are two of the top suggested methods of daily stress relief.
04 The printing department will create and (distributing/distribute) company business cards to all staff.
05 (Should / Whether) you want more information on the subject, please call Ms. Terrell.
06 Only now does Kelly (understand/understood) the importance of organization.
07 Buston usually manufactures safe and (reliably/reliable) kitchen products.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).
08 Mr. Richardson is giving hope and encourage to our staff.
09 Motorists must stay on the right side of the road and in single file.
10 Have Annie prepared better, she could have given an excellent presentation.
11 Both technical train and on-site experience are required for this position.
12 Henry often stops outside his door and turn around to get his briefcase.
13 The company promises incomparable customer support and satisfactory for all its products.
14 Mr. Lang's team works more diligently than Mr. Ford's team does.
Answers: p. 554
www nhantriviet.com Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion - 235
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Companies looking for and competent
staff may find it difficult to do so, especially
when economic expansion leaves only the less
qualified job seekers.
(A) experience (B) experienced
(C) experiences (D) experiencing
02 Patricia Wells applied for a transfer as soon
as the branch in Honolulu opened,
did some of her co-workers.
(A) as
(C) also
(B) too
(D) thus
03 Please sign the last page of the rental
agreement and all the other pages.
(A) initiate (B) initialize
(C) initial (D) initiation
04 Applications that do not have the required
documents will not be considered, and
will those that lack a clear career
objective.
(A) also
(C) neither
(B) however
(D) only
05 We are seeking applicants whose ideas
regarding design and layout are both creative
and
(A) originally
(C) origin
(B) originality
(D) original
06 has the price of gasoline been
higher than it is now.
(A) Ever (B) Either
(C) Neither (D) Rarely
07 The resume workshop teaches young
professionals how to display their
and skills using sophisticated language and
attractive formatting.
(A) educate
(C) education
236 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(B) educated
(D) educational
(9 Time limit: 11 minutes
08 Had the synopsis earlier, we might
have been able to include Mr. Roberson's
proposal in our evaluation.
(A) deliver (B) delivered
(C) be delivered (D) been delivered
09 The department store has put out an
advertisement announcing that it will hold a
one-week sale on and business
clothing.
(A) leisure
(C) leisured
(B) leisurely
(D) at leisure
1 0 The plan will be redesigned both to shorten
project duration and implementation.
(A) simplified (B) to simplify
(C) simplifies (D) simplifying
11 Thanks to the Internet, digital music has
not only become popular but is also
across the globe.
12
(A) profits
(C) profit
(B) profitably
(D) profitable
have department stores seen such
a decrease in sales of swimwear during the
long hot months of July and August.
(A) Ever (B) Even
(C) Although (D) Seldom
13 Make sure to call the office immediately should
have any problems accessing your
bank account.
(A) you
(C) yours
(B) your
(D) yourself
14 The manufacturer is not responsible for
injuries or harm caused by wrong use of the
product, will they replace products
broken by misuse.
(A) or
(C) and
(B) nor
(D) but
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15 Without sufficient contacts, finding an ideal
location and a good apartment can
be a time-consuming effort .
(A) to rent (B) rent
(C) renting (D) rented
16 If you want to register to become one of our
subscribers, fill in this and simple
information form.
(A) quick
(C) quicker
17 Only lately
(B) quickly
(D) quickest
sales figures begun to
show some growth in comparison to last
month's total revenue.
(A) has
(C) have
Part 6
(B) been
(D) are
Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail.
To: Donna Reynolds
From: Tim Shaw
Subject: Mentoring System
Donna,
18 The Entrepreneur's Dream Internet cafe has
the collection of information available
on how to start your own business.
(A) wide (B) widely
(C) more widely (D) widest
19 More and more individuals are turning
to alternative therapies to treat a host of
ailments and
(A) relieve
(C) relieved
pain.
(B) relieves
(D) relieving
20 With the marketing manager's impending
resignation, an opening for a highly
and financially driven individual is now being
advertised.
(A) motivate
(C) motivating
(B) motivation
(D) motivated
I am sure you have heard something about the company's mentoring system for employees who
need guidance and assistance. The other managers and I have been selecting mentors, and we
would like you to be a participant in the program for new hires. As you may be aware, the program
is designed to accelerate the process. Those who partake in the project must be willing
21 (A) interviewing (B) training
(C) hiring (D) application
to set aside time for the employees assigned to them. Mentors will be assigned to new employees
in their respective departments so that it will be easier for them to provide information, assistance
and
22 (A) suggest (B) suggesting
(C) to suggest (D) suggestions
We certainly hope that you will be willing to take part in this new system. By volunteering, you will
be giving valuable help your co-workers.
23 (A) on (B) from
(C) to (D) along
Answers: p. 554
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Features
o Business-related vocabulary
TOEIC is an English test which measures the everyday English skills of non-native people working
in an international environment. Therefore, TOEIC questions center round business, commerce, and
industry. Vocabulary items in the TOEIC test also involve business-related settings and situations.
o Meaning and usage
Questions on vocabulary in the TOEIC test not only check lexical meanings but also grammatical
usage of lexis. It is, hence, important for examinees to understand not only the meaning but also the
usage of business-oriented English vocabulary.
Testing Points
Questions on vocabulary in the TOEIC test may be divided into three major types: collocations, con-
tent words, and content words with similar meaning. In this book, these types have been categorized
and lists of lexical items that are frequently tested are provided.
Collocations: There are gap-fill questions in which one part of words that often go together, known
as collocations or word partnership, is missing. Examinees are required to select one of the given
options which best completes the gap to form a correct collocation.
Content words of the same part of speech: There are also gap-fill questions in which gapped state-
ments together with the four words of the same part of speech are given. Examinees are required to
select one of the given options which best completes the gap, based on the meaning of the option in
the statement.
Content words with similar or different meanings: There are also gap-fill questions in which gapped
statements together with the four options are given. Examinees are required to select one of the given
options which best completes the gap, based on the meanings of content words.
Question Percentage
Below are the two pie charts showing the percentage of TOEIC questions, based on vocabulary
aspects of meaning and parts of speech.
Content words with
similar meanings 74%
Content words with different
meanings 6%
ocations 20%
[Based on aspects of meaning]
Adverbs 17%
------._
Adjectives 25%
Verbs 30%
[Based on parts of speech]
Test-Taking Strategies
Step 1: Look at the four options given to see whether it is a vocabulary question.
A certain question may contain four options of the same part of speech but different in meaning, for
example: respective, innovative, impressive, noble (adjecti ves). Looking at these four opt ions, you
can conclude that this is a vocabulary questi on.
Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by looking at the words around the gap and
understanding the meaning of the whole statement or the whole text.
If one part of a collocation is missing, just select the missing part from the four options given.
In case the question does not involve a collocation, find out the meaning of the statement by
translation in order to be able to select the most appropriate answer choice. Once more than one
possible option have been identified, decide the correct option by looking for the key words in the
statement.
For the text completion questions in Part 6, you should not only look for the key words around the
gaps but also understand the meaning of the whole text to be able to select the best options.
Part 5: Example
Before installing any programs, computer technicians should
check the installation guide to see whether it is with the
computer' s system.
(A) undeniable (B) amenable
Part 6: Example
Dear Bryan Seacrest,
Thank you for filling out our survey during your recent
(A) appointment.
(B) travel
(C) stay
(D) break
with us. We value all of our customers' comments and sugges-
lions. We also consider them necessary for helping us to improve
our accommodation.
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Step 1: Look at the four options given and
decide this is a vocabulary question.
The four options are all adjectives but they differ
in meaning.
Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by
looking at the words around the gap and under-
standing the meaning of the whole statement.
As there is the preposition with after the gap,
so compatible is the best option to form the
collocation.
Step 1: Look at the four options given and
decide this is a vocabulary question.
The four options are all nouns but they differ in
meaning.
Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by
looking at the words around the gap and under-
standing the meaning of the whole statement or
the whole text.
As this does not involve a collocation, you need
to resort to translation to understand the mean-
ing of the whole text. Skimming through the
text, you can identify our accommodation as
the key words, so stay must be the correct
answer choice.
241
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Section 1
Collocations
Chapter 01 -Collocations with Prepositions
Chapter 02 - Collocations with Adjectives
Chapter 03 - Collocations with Verbs (1)
Chapter 04 - Collocations with Verbs (2)
Chapter 05 - Collocations with Nouns
Chapter 06 - Other Collocations
A collocation is a combination of two or more words that often go together. Native speakers
of English often use them to make their language more natural and more easily understood.
It is essential for you to treat collocations as single blocks of language and learn them in
chunks. You could learn them by topic, such as time, number, weather, money, family, etc.,
or by a particular word, e.g. take action, take a chance, take an exam. In this way, you can
easily choose the right answers to questions of vocabulary in the TOEIC test.
Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose either a preposition or a noun to form a
correct collocation.
1. First, look for the preposition or noun given before or after the gap. Then, choose an option
that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.
Requests for vacation time must be submitted
(A) at (B) of (C) in (D) on
request [rikwestl I submit [sabmit] I in advance
Answer: (C)
writing at least two weeks in advance.
Morris Marina, the head of the small business software division, will be traveling to New
Mexico tomorrow to attend a conference. As he will be gone for the whole of next week, he
has designated his next in , Hillman Avenger, to be in charge of the division's business
(A) order (B) command
(C) demand (D) advance
during his absence.
division [divi3anll in command I absence I<Ebsans]
Answer: (B)
244 Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantnviet.com
Common Collocations
01 in reply
In spite of sending several e-mails of complaint to
the customer service department, the customer
still hasn't received a single message in reply.
02 of one's choice
of one' s choice = of one' s own choice
Payments can automatically be deducted from the
bank account of your choice.
o3 in preparation for
All computer equipment should be put in boxes in
preparation for our move to the new office space.
04 in advance
Reservations must be cancelled at least two
weeks in advance to be eligible for a full refund.
os in an effort to
in an effort to + bare infinitive
In an effort to promote the new line of products,
Edu-toys created a television advertising
campaign.
o6 in a timely manner
in a timely manner = in a timely fashion
As the human resources department has received
many resumes, all applicants will be contacted in
a timely manner.
01 on arrival
on arrival = upon arrival
On arrival, all passengers are required to go
through immigration and passport control.
os in combination with
This tablet, when taken in combination with
aspirin, will lower blood pressure and strengthen
immunity to infections.
og to the point
to the point: relevant and worth paying attention to
come to the point: reach the focus point
keep to the point: not digress from the focus point
The guest speaker's presentation on office man-
agement was informative and to the point.
10 out of print
out of print = be discontinued (If a book, magazine, etc. is
out of print, it is no longer being published.)
This book is currently out of print; however, there
might be some used copies available online.
11 in celebration of
The department store is offering a 30 percent
discount this week in celebration of their 3oth
anniversary.
12 above one's expectations
above one's expectations = beyond one's expectations
Product sales last month were above our
expectations.
13 subsequent to
subsequent to = following
Subsequent to the introduction of cost-cutting
measures, expense accounts are being
monitored.
14 as a result of
Many factories had to close as a result of new
li censing regulations.
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The company offered workers higher salaries in
exchange for reduced health benefits.
16 out of one's reach
-;;..;:;,;.;;.___
out of one' s reach: away from the distance that can be
touched
Ensure that blades for this razor are stored out of
the reach of children.
11 to capacity
be filled to capacity = be completely full
The theater was filled to capacity every night of
the week-long performance.
1s at the latest
at the earliest , at the best
In order to reserve a tennis court at the Fairfield
Fitness Centre, you should register by next week
at the latest.
19 in search of
in search of = in the search for
Mr. Smith is in search of talented and innovative
personnel.
246 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
20 at one's earliest convenience
at one' s earliest convenience: as soon as one can (com-
monly used in business contexts)
Send some samples of your writing at your earli-
est convenience.
21 to an absolute minimum
to an absolute minimum: to the smallest in amount or degree
The new microphone system keeps background
noise to an absolute minimum.
22 until further notice
until further notice: until another official announcement is
made
without notice: without warning or announcement
The prices listed in the catalog are effective until
further notice.
23 with the exception of
with the exception of = except
No one is allowed beyond this point, with the
exception of authorized security personnel.
24 in one's absence
in one' s absence = during one' s absence
The staff will hold a meeting in the director's
absence.
www.nhantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.
01
0 by
be made
0
with hand
02 in conjunction the Lyons Community Center
03 New procedures will be in
04 in with last year's performance
o companson
05 write checks in $5,000
06
. o above all,
Be reliable, and,
0
foremost honest.
'
. o observance
07 m
0
observatory of Independence Day
08 The economy is fnn the wane.
09 a banquet i n of the mayor
1 0 Wear safety goggles all times.
11 give an estimate free
12 Visitors prefer outdoor cafes.
13 Check the website for details.
14 payment delivery
15 M L d
0
during th ff"
r. ee s IS
0
out of e o 1ce.
16 be available upon request
o respect
17
o from
work
0
into home
18 the aim of increasing sales
19 the recommendation of the board
20 Open 24 hours for our
0
convenience.
Y o promptness.
Answers: p. 554
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Staff members are requested to send in
reports on equipment malfunctions at their
earliest
(A) requirement
(B) decision
(C) explanation
(D) convenience
02 All prices listed on the company website are
effective until further
(A) notice
(B) mark
(C) bulletin
(D) statement
03 All attendees to the International Trade Law
Conference are requested to register for the
event advance at the convention
center's website.
(A) at
(B) to
(C) in
(D) near
04 The manufacturing contract awarded to
Centrum was valued in excess ten
million dollars.
(A) to
(B) than
(C) of
(D) over
05 All household chemicals, such as cleaners
or polishes, should be kept reach of
small children.
(A) out of
(B) away with
(C) up until
(D) without
248 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 High school students were paid on an hourly
basis to distribute the company's promotional
flyers hand.
(A) through
(B) with
(C) by
(D) in
07 Payment for Internet services provided by
Westcom can be paid for with the credit card
of your
(A) election
(B) choice
(C) referral
(D) option
08 The department store offers the latest fashion
apparel in a of colors, ranging from
light tints to dark shades.
(A) crowd
(B) type
(C) pack
(D) variety
09 Sales figures for agricultural products went
up by 5 percent as a result growth
in the domestic and export markets.
(A) as
(B) about
(C) beyond
(D) of
1 0 Those attending the Community Service
Awards Ceremony are asked to bring their
invitations as they will be asked to present
them
(A) for
(B) from
(C) on
(D) out
arrival at the hotel.
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following notice.
Notice to Employees
Due to recent changes in occupational safety laws, Chubb Industries employees must agree to
comply with the safety regulations described below. It has been noticed that certain employees
are reporting to work without their safety gear. Protection goggles and the proper helmets must be
worn all times while working on the assembly line. When substituting for another employee
11 (A) of
(B) at
(C) by
(D) on
during their absence, please make sure to operate the machinery in order to avoid injury,
12 (A) cautiously
(B) happily
or seek assistance from a manager before using the machines.
(C) preventively
(D) pessimistically
Aside from safety issues, occasional equipment malfunctions have forced us to adopt biweekly
inspections and maintenance procedures the aim of ensuring that machinery is running
13 (A) from
(B) in
(C) to
(D) with
at optimum efficiency. Be sure to allow the technicians full access to your workstation so that they
can complete their work. In the event of any other unexpected issues that may delay productivity,
report them immediately to the supervisor.
Answers: p. 554
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Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose either a preposition or an adjective to
form a correct collocation.
1. First, look for the preposition or adjective given before or after the gap. Then, choose an
option that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.
The company is looking for someone who is
paced environment and under time constraints.
of making important decisions in a fast-
(A) liable (B) capable (C) eligible
look for I fast-paced [frestpeist] I under time constraints
Answer: (B)
(D) subject
Please extend a warm welcome to Thomas Little, the new vice president and general manager
of our product development unit. He comes to us from Believe Inc., a Canadian computer
graphics technology company, where he was for all aspects of product design,
(A) knowledgeable (B) independent
(C) responsible (D) subject
operations, and software processes.
extend [ikstend] I vice president I operation [apareiJan] I process [proses]
Answer: (C)
250 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
Common Collocations
01 be native to
be nati ve to + noun phrase/ region
The company is searching for a sales staff that is
native to the local community.
02 be responsible for
be responsible for = be in charge of
The recent storm damage to the Northgate Bridge
is partly responsible for the terrible traffic problems
in the city center.
o3 be honored for
Mr. Jones was honored for his generous contribu-
tions to local charities at the awards ceremony
last night.
04 be suitable for
The majority of films recently produced by Lime-
light studios are suitable for children of all ages.
os be exempt from
Employees attending the Chicago Trade Fair are
exempt from turning in receipts for their travel
expenses.
o6 be known for
be known for + reason
The Ace Motors dealership is known for its excel-
lent after-sales service.
01 be superior to
To, not than, must follow superior.
Because of Sackhoff Supplies' high standards
for product quality, its product is superior to other
competitors' in the market.
www.nhantriviet.com
oa be known to A as B
The recipient of a piece of information follows to; a title/
position follows as.
Mr. Caison is known to the staff as a highly
motivated CEO.
og be familiar with
Benson and Associates' security department
requested that all staff be familiar with the new
office security regulations.
1 o be contingent on
A is contingent on B = A depends on B
Funding for the project is contingent on the Board
of Directors' decision.
11 be reliant on
be reliant on = rely on
Felicity Clothing is increasingly reliant on manu-
facturers of textiles and printed fabrics from
Southeast Asia.
12 be cognizant of
be cognizant of = be aware of
Physicians must be cognizant of medical regula-
tions in the state where they practice.
13 be reflective of
be reflective of = reflect
Market conditions are often reflective of the current
political state.
14 be comparable to
To is followed by what is compared.
The size of the city is comparable to that of
Philadelphia.
Chapter 02 Collocations with Adjectives - 251
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be responsive to + noun
The health club staff is responsive to its members'
requests.
16 make checks payable to A
This expression is commonly used in the US where people
use personal checks.
Make your checks payable to Squibb, Inc.
11 be compatible with
be compatible with: work well together
Our software programs are compatible with the
computer's hardware system.
1s be noted for
be noted for = be famous for = be well known for
The company is noted for the quality of its
furniture.
19 be uncertain about
be uncertain about = be uncertain of
The committee said it is uncertain about the
results of the study.
252 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
20 be concerned about/over
be concerned about I over = be worried about
The organizers are concerned about the seating
capacity of the room.
21 be critical of
Of is followed by what is criticized; the adverb highly may
be added to modify critical.
Human Resources managers should not be critical
of employee suggestions.
22 be concerned with
The article is concerned with the effects of a con-
sumer boycott on unsafe food products.
23 be accustomed to
be accustomed to + noun
Our regular customers are accustomed to consist-
ently outstanding levels of service.
24 be subject to
be subject to + noun
Building foundations are subject to damage from
water and wind.
Sick leave applications are subject to company
approval.
www.nhantrivi et.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.
01 be aware the circumstances
02 be
0
to pursuing a banki ng career
o ded1cated
03 The effect was opposite what we intended.
0
4 remarks that are
0
to the s b'ect
0 Irrelevant u l
05 prices comparable those of competitors
06 The new model is to the previous one.
07 be consistent the company's code of ethics
. o made
08 pillows
0
selected of 100 percent cotton
0 from
09 be absent
0
to the company gathering
10 be full expectations
11 be ideal
0
with young teens
o for
12 be interested product quality
Answers: p. 554
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Before downloading and installing any
program, staff members should check with
the company technician whether it is
with the existing system.
(A) undeniable
(B) amenable
(C) favorable
(D) compatible
02 The majority of Comstar's newly hired branch
managers are to the regions they
are responsible for.
(A) predicted
(B) native
(C) corresponding
(D) existent
03 The company is committed to developing an
excellent customer service department that
is responsive patrons' needs and
wishes.
(A) on
(B) of
(C) to
(D) with
04 Individuals interested in establishing
a business should be of the
regulations on company filing set down by
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(A) cognizant
(B) ambitious
(C) oblivious
(D) reticent
05 Each year, Manu-Corp chooses a team
to be honored their outstanding
achievements in product development.
(A) for
(B) to
(C) with
(D) at
254 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 The formation of a new team of representatives
is on how well the existing teams do
by the end of the quarter.
(A) speculative
(B) contingent
(C) hopeful
(D) eventual
07 The new bank rules state that approval of a
client's loan application is
verification and credit approval.
(A) necessary
(B) subject
(C) exposed
(D) internal
to income
08 When ordering products from our mail-order
catalogue, please ensure that all checks are
made payable Gillian Sanders.
(A) from
(B) in
(C) of
(D) to
09 The production manager at the Detroit plant
is very about meeting the deadline
scheduled for this sales quarter.
(A) satisfied
(B) tired
(C) concerned
(D) confused
1 0 The staff at Blue Ribbon Corporation is
to providing consistent, timely and
quality service to company customers.
(A) pledged
(B) concentrated
(C) offered
(D) dedicated
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the foll owing memo.
From: Richard Garfield, Vice President
To: All marketing employees
According to the latest statistics, sales figures for the past quarter were subject to a negative trend
caused by the ongoing national economic slump. The growth that we had been to over the
11 (A) familiar
(B) accustomed
(C) friendly
(D) acquainted
past two years has come to an abrupt end, with the public already reacting by curbing their spend-
ing on high-end goods and services. The recent decline in our sales figures is of this
conservative consumer behavior.
12 (A) manageable
(B) thoughtful
(C) possible
(D) reflective
Senior management staff has therefore decided to significantly reduce our production targets in the
company's three-year development plan. We' ll be making a presentation giving information
13 (A) absolute
(B) insecure
(C) detailed
(D) constant
about the new plan, which all marketing department employees will be required to attend, as the
revisions will affect our advertising strategy. Check the website noticeboard for the date, time, and
venue of the presentation.
Answers: p. 554
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Chapter 03
,td\.
Collocations with
(j? ';;"; ..
Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose either a verb or a preposition to form a
correct collocation.
1. First, look for the verb or preposition given before or after the gap. Then, choose an option
that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.
Although the director wants his staff to minimize mistakes, he also knows his employees can
benefit such experiences.
(A) from (B) with (C) to (D) of
Answer: (A)
There are a number of commonly used psychological management techniques that can help
achieve a successful outcome when dealing with difficult employees. For example, while they
are speaking, you should
(A) pay
(C) assist
carefully to their arguments to let them know you value their
(B) consider
(D) listen
opinions before firmly raising the issues which need to be addressed.
psychological [saikal6djikal ] I outcome [autk.\m] I value [va'!lj u: ] I address [adres]
Answer: (D)
256 Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantnviet.com
Common Collocations
01 commit oneself to
commit A to 8 = give A to 8
We have committed ourselves to maintaining a
high level of customer service within the hospital-
ity industry.
02 be divided into
Divide is used in the passive form.
Because of the large number of participants at the
workshop, attendees were divided into smaller
groups.
o3 qualify for
qualify for = be eligible for
Applicants must possess at least three years'
experience in accounting to qualify for a job
interview.
04 collaborate on something
collaborate with someone: work with someone on
something
The two firms want to collaborate on a landmark
research project on DNA sequencing.
os discourage A from 8
Office regulations discourage employees from
making personal telephone calls during office
hours.
o6 A is aimed at 8
Aim is mostly used in the passive form.
The new F-series sports car is aimed at young
business executives.
01 respond to
respond to + noun
The client responded positively to our proposal for
the new advertising campaign.
os compensate A for 8
compensate A for 8 : pay A money because he/she has
suffered B (injury, loss or damage)
The broadcaster compensated Dr. Bland for the
damage caused by the report.
og replace A with 8
replace A with 8 = replace A by 8
If any of our products are damaged during ship-
ment, we will replace them immediately with new
ones.
10 be submitted to
submit something to someone = hand in something to
someone
All registration forms which are submitted to our
clinic will be kept on file for two years from the
date of receipt.
11 interfere with
Chronic stress can interfere with the function of
the immune system.
12 come complete with
The new office facilities come complete with a
staff lounge and parking spaces.
13 attribute A to 8
attribute A to 8 = A is attributed to 8
Analysts attribute the current market boom to an
increase in individual investors.
14 contend with
contend with: deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation
Do not confuse it with be content with which means be
happy or satisfied with.
Bakery companies have to contend with a
decreasing demand for baked products.
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1s charge something to somewhere/something
charge an amount of money for something
Please charge the repairs to my credit card.
16 restrict something to a particular group
A is restricted to B
Access is restricted to authorized personnel only.
11 result from
result from + cause
result in + result
The manufacturer will not be accountable for
damage resulting from misuse.
1s be faced with
be faced with a situation = face I deal with a situation
Faced with a large debt, the company declared
bankruptcy.
19 dispose of
When disposing of expired credit cards, it is wise
to cut them in half.
258 Hackers TOEIC Reading
20 associate with
associate with somebody = spend time with somebody
The company's consultant closely associated with
a competing firm.
21 contribute to
Factors contributing to globalization include
technological innovation and world economic
integration.
22 check A for B
It is recommended that consumers check their
credit reports for errors at least once a year.
23 congratulate someone on something
We want to congratulate Mr. Grant on his recent
promotion.
24 comply with+ rule/regulation
Tenants are asked to comply with the building's
rules and regulations.
www.nhantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.
01 be accompanied g a cover letter
02 prohibit customers g smoking
03 experiment g feasible alternatives
04 Fill this out and g it to the front desk.
05 Price increases depend g the cost of gasoline.
06 The complex consists g two-bedroom houses.
07
D in d. .
engage D to a ISCUSSIOn
08 The merger could lead g layoffs.
09
D along .
compete
0
for a promot1on
10 Lockers will be
0
assigned t II t ff
D assumed
0
a s a
11 E I
D entailed .
mp oyees are
0
entitled to overt1me pay.
12 regard the decision g a mistake
13 be subjected g high temperatures
14
8
D for
onuses are related
0
to performance.
15 cars equipped g an anti-theft device
1
D throw .
6
0
drape the table wrth a cloth
17 b
I d D at
e mvo ve
0
in corporate finance
Answers: p. 554
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Semiconductor companies around the world
have had to with increasingly lower
demand and plummeting values on the stock
exchange.
(A) replace
(B) contend
(C) group
(D) reward
02 Software Mode and a top Japanese
electronics manufacturer will collaborate
the design and production of a
new hand-held device.
(A) for
(B) by
(C) with
(D) on
03 We usually contend the pressures of
work at the end of each month.
(A) with
(B) to
(C) about
(D) for
04 Wynonna Goldstein has committed herself
increasing sales for the housewares
department by 5 percent for this year.
(A) for
(B) at
(C) in
(D) to
05 After returning from his trip to Asia, the
president the branch heads on the
agreement entered into by the firm.
(A) communicated
(B) told
(C) briefed
(D) explained
260 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 Admittance to the special showing is
to members of the club and their guests.
(A) conscripted
(B) restricted
(C) denied
(D) released
07 All interested applicants must provide their
bank account information and a salary
statement from their employer in order to
for a bank loan.
(A) submit
(B) qualify
(C) request
(D) reserve
08 All visitors to the San Diego Zoo are kindly
requested to refrain feeding the
animals.
(A) from
(B) with
(C) to
(D) of
09 The sudden increase in sales of Superslim
mobile phones is to their appearance
in a popular television drama series which is
currently showing on NATV.
(A) prohibited
(B) attributed
(C) contributed
(D) distributed
10 The human resources director sent out a
memo in an effort to employees
from taking lunch breaks exceeding one hour.
(A) imply
(B) detain
(C) relieve
(D) discourage
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following letter.
Hi -Net Cable Internet
James Walter, Customer Service Representative
867 East Valley Trail NW
Great Falls, Montana 68750
Dear Mr. Walter,
This letter is to notify you of an amount which appears on the billing statement for my
11 (A) ultimate
(B) effective
(C) incorrect
(D) unclaimed
new account. I signed up for Internet service last week, which I was told costs only $35 per month.
However, I've discovered that an amount of $50 has been charged my first bill. It seems
12 (A) of
(B) at
(C) to
(D) by
that when I applied, the clerk mistakenly registered me for a high-speed connection, although I
clearly asked for standard. I called my bank this morning to alter the automatic payment on this
account, but the first transaction had already gone through and apparently cannot be reversed.
Please reply as soon as possible to confirm that future bills will be correct , and also to let me
know whether I am to a refund for this month's inaccurate charges.
Sincerely,
Eleanor Briggs
13 (A) entailed
(B) entertained
(C) entitled
(D) entered
Answers: p. 555
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Question Types and Useful Tips
These types of questions require examinees to choose either a verb or a preposition /noun I
adjective to form a correct collocation.
1. First , look for the verb or preposition /noun I adjective given before or after the gap. Then,
choose an option that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last , decide the answer choice.
Allan Parker got the required interviews and then waited a month before the company
finally got in touch with him.
(A) about (B) despite (C) above (D) through
require [rikwaiar] I get in touch with
Answer: (D)
Every time you begin and end a shift, you'll need to have your card swiped by the attendant at
the staff entrance. If you lose your card during your shift, report it to security, where you will be
able to apply for a new one and out manually before leaving the building.
(A) block (B) fill
(C) sign (D) phase
shift [fiftl I swipe [swaip] I apply for I manually [mrenjuali]
Answer: (C)
Common Collocations
01 call for
Mosaic Tech. provides more than 120 call centers
around the world to help its customers when they
call for technical support while using its software.
02 take over
Ms. Sedaris will take over as vice president of
sales when Mr. Fey retires next month.
o3 turn in
turn in = submit
Those wishing to take time off for summer vac-
ation must turn in their requests by the end of May.
04 take - into account
take something into account = take account of something:
consider something
John took the past year's market conditions into
account when writing the annual report.
os keep records of
The marketing department implemented a daily
report system to keep better records of the pro-
gress of projects.
06 look over something
The manager looked over the documents before
making a decision.
01 keep in touch with
Richard Gates, the vice president of the legal firm,
keeps in touch with many of his employees at
other branches by videophone.
oslook into
look into = examine/investigate
The finance division has looked into the errors
and corrected them.
og keep track of
keep track of: keep oneself updated
This software allows users to easily keep track of
inventory.
10 look for
look for = search for
The article gives advice on what to look for when
buying a camera.
11 run the risk of
All assembly line workers should wear safety
helmets, or they run the risk of injury.
121ook upon A as B
The company looks upon Asia as a potential mar-
ket for its products.
13 draw on+ technique/experience
This collocation means use information or your knowledge of
something to help you do something.
When starting your own business, draw on your
experience as a customer.
14 defy description
defy description = be beyond description
This collocation is used to express something that you can-
not describe accurately because of its great size, quality, or
level.
The subtle flavor of the soup of the day defies
description.
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1s hold back
This collocation means not do something, often because of
fear.
Please don't hold back your opinions on the new
product design.
16 bring A to a halt
A loss of power will never bring operations to a
halt because the manufacturing plant has two
generators.
11 account for
Benefits account for only 20 percent of payroll
costs.
The recent increase in the cost of raw materials
accounts for the rise in prices of our products.
1a make sense
After the expansion of the computer software de-
partment, it made sense to hire another full-time
technician.
19 have A in common
The quality control inspector has determined that
the assembly line errors made this morning had
nothing in common.
264 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
20 go through
Due to increased competition in the food industry,
Hills Natural Foods went through a difficult time
financially.
21 have every intention of V-ing
have no intention of V- ing
The landlord has every intention of making
improvements to the building.
22 check in
This coll ocation means give one's personal details to the
person working at the reception desk at an airport or in a
hotel.
Guests are required to check in before 10 a.m.
23 place A on standby
This collocation is used mainly at the airport when custom-
ers are put on a waiting list for a flight.
The passenger was placed on standby for the
next possible flight.
24 stand in for
This col location means take somebody's job temporarily.
As Patrick Chang is sick, Tracy Morgan will be
standing in for him today.
www .nhantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.
01 Office supplies are running g
02
o advantage .
take
0
benefit of the lower pnces
03 The bill comes in July.
o in for .
04 put
0
back in a two-week vacat1on
05 take of the customer's complaint
06 check at the airport
07 The debate came an end.
08 for full-time work
09 Spring sales helped make for a slow winter.
1 0 care a family
11 follow to the promise to raise salaries
12
do one's o innermost
o utmost
Answers: p. 555
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 The factory manager brings the assembly line
to a if a defective auto part is found.
(A) block
(B) quit
(C) stay
(D) halt
02 Mayflower Bank recommends that all their
customers keep of their account
deposits and withdrawals in case of a
technical error.
(A) points
(B) requirements
(C) grades
(D) records
03 With the loss of 10 percent of their customer
base over the past six months, the company
is now some major changes.
(A) pulling in
(B) going through
(C) looking over
(D) laying off
04 Following his pledge to improve the
company's working environment, Mr. Lawson
has had the entire office renovated and
equipped with up-to-date machines.
(A) out in
(B) throughout
(C) up on
(D) across with
05 The supplies at the photo developing shop
were running , prompting Mr. Lark
to send his assistant out to buy what was
needed.
(A) deep
(B) long
(C) fast
(D) short
266 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 Please be reminded that all electronic
equipment must be packaged carefully or
else it runs the risk damage during
shipment.
(A) to
(B) for
(C) of
(D) by
07 The factory owner production on
standby when it became impossible to meet
product demand due to insufficient raw
materials.
(A) placed
(B) viewed
(C) emitted
(D) occupied
08 Upon arrival at the airport, passengers must
check at any one of the designated
counters.
(A) on
(B) off
(C) in
(D) up
09 The recent increase in Enderby Manufacturing's
market share for their decision to
build a new factory near Minneapolis.
(A) accounts
(B) changes
(C) explains
(D) requires
10 Meeting attendees are requested not to hold
opinions which may contribute to the
fulfillment of project goals.
(A) away
(B) from
(C) back
(D) at
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following article.
Voc
8
A U
LA y
R
As bank interest rates for savings accounts continue to decline, building up a retirement fund isn't
as easy today as it used to be thirty years ago. Extensive financial knowledge is a highly beneficial
when dealing with today's multitude of ways in which to develop personal investments.
11 (A) draft
(B) evaluation
(C) asset
(D) margin
Due to the complicated nature of the field, most people choose to enlist the services of an
experienced broker. However, personal investors are increasingly relying on their own resources
when handling their finances. They on media such as online forums, business journals,
12 (A) seek
(B) select
(C) refer
(D) draw
and periodicals, where they read up on companies' stability and profitability in order to improve
their own expertise, rather than depending on a third party to do it for them. After having
13 (A) seen
(B) looked
(C) viewed
(D) watched
over the vast amount of online and published information available, investors then use their newly
gained knowledge of the market to safely decide where to invest their capital.
Answers: p. 555
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Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose either a noun or a preposition to form a
correct collocation.
1. First , look for the noun or preposition given before or after the gap. Then, choose an option
that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.
Because of accumulated stress at work, many of our staff members choose to have more
vacation time rather than a pay
(A) growth (B) lift (C) increase (D) climb
Answer: (C)
Today's Business Line column focuses on how to calculate your tax properly under the newly
introduced corporate tax system. It is written by Jan Delpratt, a senior executive of Merchant
Associates, the nation' s largest accounting firm, and a regular to The National
Business Review.
focus on I corporate tax I accounting [akauntil)]
Answer: (B)
(A) winner (B) contributor
(C) participant (D) contestant
\A/\AI\AI rnm
Common Collocations
01 technical description
The report is a technical description of the new
equipment needed for our research laboratory.
02 apology for
Please accept our apologies for the delay, and we
hope you have a pleasant flight.
o3 signs of wear
signs of wear = signs of damage
The hotel facilities were out of date and had
started to show signs of wear.
o4 contribution to
Ms. Milson is very involved with community pro-
grams and makes frequent contributions to
local charities.
os accounts payable department
This collocation refers to the department which takes care of
unpaid debts.
accounts payable
accounts receivable
Reimbursements for travel expenses will be paid
out by the accounts payable department.
OG compliance with + rule/law/ regulation
The company operates in full compliance with
current export laws.
01 discussion on
The public relations officer arranged for a press
conference and discussion on the company's new
medical breakthrough.
os office efficiency
fuel efficiency
production efficiency
Providing a comfortable environment will improve
office efficiency.
og preference for
Recent studies showed customers' preference for
booking air tickets online.
1 o media coverage
This collocation implies the reporting of a particular event or
piece of news.
Media coverage of the new product launch helped
raise the brand's profile.
11 obligation to
have no obligation to
Guests have no obligation to pay for their bill until
the final day of their stay at the hotel.
12 attendance records
Employees' attendance records are confirmed
each month before paychecks are issued.
13 mastermind behind
Mastermind behind something refers to the person who
comes up with all strategies/details/plans for an important
event.
Mr. Grieves is the mastermind behind the candi-
date's new campaign strategy.
14 problem with
The staff is having a problem with their computers'
operating system.
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1s safety precautions
Safety precautions refers to actions that are done to keep
safety. Precaution is a count noun, so the indefinite article a
is used if it is in the singular form (a safety precaution). An-
other common collocation is fire precautions which refers
to actions that are done to prevent fire.
Construction workers were reminded to follow
safety precautions at all times.
16 baggage allowance
This collocation means the weight of suitcases or bags that
you are allowed to take onto an aircraft.
Beginning in January, the carry-on baggage
allowance for all international flights will be twelve
kilos.
11 performance appraisal
Performance appraisal indicates a meeting between a
worker and their manager in order tq discuss how well they
are doing in their work.
The manager has to carry out monthly perform-
ance appraisals.
1s time constraints
Due to time constraints, the staff will continue the
discussion tomorrow.
270 - H
A form of identification may be a driving licence, an iden-
tity card, or a passport.
A form of identification is necessary to collect the
package at the post office.
20 taxes on
The Revenue Department decided not to impose
extra taxes on rice imports.
21 system failures
system failures: system malfunctions or breakdowns
Due to repeated system failures, the current
computer operating system will be changed.
22 confidence in
have confidence in somebody
I have every confidence in Mrs. Foster's ability to
manage the project successfully.
23 commitment to
commitment to + noun
We have an abiding commitment to providing
individualized service to customers.
labor productivity
The bestselling book talks about innovative ways
to improve staff productivity.
HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.
01 exposure to moisture
o enclosure
02 Check the
0
compartments.
o overlaid
03
o of t' f t'
guarantee
0
with sa IS ac 1on
04 D Con!idential security will be enforced.
o Max1mum
05 the written consent the patient
. o for
06 a keen mterest
0
in suburban development
o participants
07 conference
0
tenants
08 taxes luxury goods
. o for
09 have little regard
0
of the safety of employees
10
o of h . ht
an advocate
0
by uman ng s
11 a dispute
0
0
above wheat prices
over
12 t
.
0
concerning shipping charges
ques 1ons
0
by
Answers: p. 555
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Because of time , Mr. Pelham sched-
uled a second meeting to discuss items that
were not taken up on the agenda.
(A) inhibitions
(B) necessities
(C) obstacles
(D) constraints
02 The store's website charges local sales tax
all items purchased by individuals
living in the state of Indiana.
(A) on
(B) by
(C) at
(D) in
03 Beginning next week, the bank will require
two of identification when cashing
checks and making withdrawals.
(A) terms
(B) marks
(C) forms
(D) prints
04 The office furniture at Solar Company
established ten years ago has recently
begun to show signs of and age.
(A) wear
(B) limit
(C) failure
(D) form
05 Even for domestic flights, baggage
is three pieces of checked luggage as long
as the largest bag does not exceed 62 inches
in length.
(A) permission
(B) allowance
(C) estimation
(D) weight
272 Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 Attendees to the product demonstration are
under no
(A) requirement
(B) guarantee
(C) obl igation
(D) reservation
to make any purchase.
07 The instruction manual for Xenith's PD-320
laser printer is a description of how
the machine operates and also shows the
installation procedure.
(A) periodic
(B) informative
(C) technical
(D) careful
08 Before your flight takes off, make sure the
compartments have been securely
closed.
(A) overlaid
(B) overhead
(C) overdue
(D) overpowered
09 The museum director has full confidence
the new curator's ability to organize
and display the exhibits.
(A) by
(B) with
(C) on
(D) in
10 Indira Masilimony will lead a discussion at
the International Commerce Conference
the emerging marketplaces in China
and India.
(A) at
(B) by
(C) on
(D) out
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following article.
Security Chip Set to Reduce Fraud
In our rapidly modernizing world, more and more shoppers prefer to purchase everyday items by
credit card more than any other method. As a result, credit card consumers have become increas-
ingly vulnerable to fraudulent transactions. But due to the efforts and innovative vision of Monica
Hynde, the mastermind a new, remarkably secure identification chip, shoppers will soon
11 (A) below
(B) among
(C) behind
(D) about
be able to make easier and safer purchases.
Her team of top researchers took two years to develop the technology, based on a small chip
which contains the cardholder's personal information. Strict standards were followed in developing
this unit, to ensure with the government's privacy regulations. The mechanism identifies
12 (A) tolerance
(B) compliance
(C) application
(D) reliance
purchasers, confirms their identity and minimizes potential consumer risks when making transac-
tions. Manufacturers anticipate that the new security chip system will be by most major
credit card companies by the end of next year.
13 (A) implemented
(B) interpreted
(C) noti fied
(D) fulfilled
Answers: p. 555
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Question Types and Useful Tips
These types of questions require examinees to choose a missing part of a collocation which
is a combination of adjective + noun, verb + noun, adverb + adjective. For example, broad
knowledge, raise a question, readily available, etc.
1. First , look at the words right before or after the gap. Then, choose an option that forms a
chunk or combination.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last , decide the answer choice.
Applicants unable to
of time.
(A) meet (B) come
ahead of I keep an appoi ntment
Answer: (D)
their appointment with the interviewer must call one day ahead
(C) carry (D) keep
The city branch of Warehouse Office Products Ltd. is open for business between the hours of
9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Parking is available in the lot on the corner of
7th and East Jefferson Streets in spots only, so take care to ensure that you do not
park in a tow-away area.
lot [lot] I spot [spat] I tow-away
Answer: (A)
274 - Hackers TOEJC Reading
(A) designated (B) located
(C) replaced (D) received
www.nhantriviet.com
Common Collocations
01 deliver a presentation
deliver a presentation = make a presentation
The director of marketing delivered a short pre-
sentation on the plans for product expansion.
02 standard price
The standard price of our copiers is a bit higher
than that of our competitors, but the quality of our
after-service is much better.
o3 conduct a survey
DPI Telecom will conduct a survey to determine
customers' telephone habit for developing a new
phone plan.
o4 display a parking permit
display = show
All staff must display a parking permit on the front
window of their vehicles.
os fulfill orders
fulfill an order I orders: provide what customers have
ordered
CIT Technology shipping department is respon-
sible for fulfilling orders for their machinery.
oG superb attention to detail
superb: of the highest quality
The accountant's superb attention to detail has
made him a valuable employee.
o1 accept an application
Omniphone is now accepting applications for four
regional sales manager positions.
os to better serve customers
Better is a comparative adverb modifying serve.
Verizon Enterprises set up an Internet-based
helpline on their website to better serve their
customers.
og win one's award
Dr. Peters won his excellence award from the
Faculty of Environmental Studies for his research
on renewable energy sources.
1 o established company
UK Tools is an established company with a repu-
tation for providing quality products.
11 fiscal year
This collocation refers to a financial year which is a period of
twelve months (not always January to December) for which
a business plans its management of money.
The financial outlook for the next fiscal year is
promising.
12 do business with
The company is going to do business with a sup-
plier in Southeast Asia.
13 return to normal
After unusually cold weather, the temperature
should return to normal by Friday.
14 surrounding cities
surrounding cities: the cities around/nearby
Tourism officials hope visitors from surrounding
cities will attend the centennial celebration.
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1s strictly limited
Strict ly is used to emphasize that something is exactly or
only a particular type of thing.
Strictly speaking is used to show that somebody is trying
to be accurate.
The number of rebates is strictly limited to one per
customer.
16 economic forecast
forecast: prediction
The newly released economic forecast predicts a
rise in interest rates.
11 make a call
make progress: improve
make a request/ requests: request
When making an out-of-office call, remem,ber to
dial 9 first.
1s prospective employee
prospective: potential
prospective buyer
Prospective employees are required to make a
five-minute presentation.
19 readily available
readily available: easily found
Applications are readily available at the adminis-
trative office.
276 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
20 highly qualified
highly: of high level, very
Highly is often found in highly successful or highly unlikely.
The company is seeking a highly qualified candi-
date to fill the position.
21 work extended hours
work extended hours = work overtime
To meet the increasing demands, factory empl oy-
ees will have to work extended hours.
22 in the foreseeable future
This collocation means for as far in the future as can be
determined, based on what is known now.
The company does not expect a lag in demand in
the foreseeable future.
23 heavily discounted
heavily: in large amounts
Heavily is also found in rain heavily.
High-performance computers have been heavily
discounted after a slump in sales.
24 combined experience
Combined is a past participle used as an adjective, which
refers to something formed by adding things together.
The team's combined experience is a plus for the
company.
www .n hantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.
01 recognizable brand
02
. o soundly
take customer pnvacy
0
seriously
03 earn a
0
wage
o pay
. 0 uncontrolled .
04 The car lease agreement 1ncludes
0
unlimited m1les.
. o offers
05 promot1onal
0
judgements
06 extremely successful
o exactly
0
7 decision
an 0 mformed
08 catch one's attention
0 apprehend
. o extreme
09 Handle the crystal w1th
0
steep care.
1 0 b o optimistic
e o caut1ously
1
o ability
1 a vested o interest
12 th
0
product
e o fm1shed
13
o visual aids
o observed
14 risky business
an o msmcerely
15 t
, o accountability
mee one s
0
needs
0 high .
16 reach one's
0
full potential
17 the
0
upcoming election
o hereafter
18 public awareness
o ra1se
Answers: p. 555
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H A C K E R S
T E S T
Part 5
01 The director has every confidence that the
qualified trainers will design a
program that will meet the needs of the new
accountants.
(A) highly
(B) acutely
(C) severely
(D) blandly
02 Browder Electronics' research department is
going to a survey to find out about
customer satisfaction with their line of kitchen
appliances.
(A) meet
(B) conduct
(C) predict
(D) mention
03 Many low-income full-time workers must take
up a second job to
(A) catch
(B) win
(C) gain
(D) earn
a decent wage.
04 Virginia Hey, our production manager, will
05
a presentation on the feasibility of
the equipment upgrade.
(A) deliver
(B) proceed
(C) obtain
(D) agree
employees must have a valid
driver's license and two years' experience in
transporting dangerous chemicals.
(A) Probable
(B) Disgruntled
(C) Prospective
(D) Eventual
278 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 The packaging of a product is the first thing
shoppers see, so it must be attractive enough
to their attention.
(A) decide
(B) bring
(C) catch
(D) notice
07 Farscape Manufacturing will need to increase
their production staff by 2 percent if they
want to all orders by the end of the
summer.
(A) affect
(B) fulfill
(C) restrain
(D) notify
08 With market demand at an all-time low, the
manager does not think he will be hiring any
new workers in the
(A) ongoing
(B) foreseeable
(C) surfacing
(D) prevalent
future.
09 Unions and factory employees have actively
involved themselves in the mayoral
election.
(A) forward
(B) prepared
(C) upcoming
(D) prospective
10 About half of the employees have volunteered
to work hours to meet consumer
demand for the busy holiday season.
(A) potential
(B) fortified
(C) extended
(D) previous
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questi ons 11-13 refer to the following advertisement.
Bargain Book Bazaar!
Novel Ideas Bookstore will be holding its annual clearance sale between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. this
Saturday, offering enormous discounts on all novels, periodicals, and travel guides. And why stop
at reading just for pleasure when you can your knowledge by upgrading your business
11 (A) multiply
(B) broaden
(C) dilate
(D) impress
etiquette, learning gourmet cooking, trekking around the world, or refreshing your knowledge of
world history?
All extra stock will be discounted, with prices 50 to 80 percent off the original cost!
12 (A) busily
(B) safely
(C) solely
(D) heavily
As we only hold this closeout sale once a year , purchases will be limited to eight books
per person so that everyone gets a fair share of the bargains.
13 (A) strictly
(B) tensely
(C) densely
(D) compactly
Answers: p. 555
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www.nhantriviet.com
Section 2
Content Words
Chapter 07 - Verbs
Chapter 08 - Nouns
Chapter 09 - Adjectives
Chapter 10 -Adverbs
Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose a verb that is appropriate for the context.
1. You should look for the key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a correct option.
2. Then, for transitive verbs, you should pay attention to nouns that can be the direct objects
collocating with certain transitive verbs. You should also pay attention to subject-verb
agreement in the passive voice.
The popularity of low-carbohydrate diets has been declining, so food companies have decided
to their production of low-carbohydrate products.
(A) discontinue (B) disallow (C) disband (D) disengage
popularity [papjulierati] I carbohydrate [ka:rbouhiidreit] I diet [daiat] I product [prodAkt]
Answer: (A)
Workers are reminded to ensure that each workstation is clean and each machine is running up
to code before signing out this evening. The annual inspection, which is scheduled for tomor-
row afternoon, will be by government-designated inspectors to ensure that factories
(A) alerted (B) conducted
(C) protected (D) engaged
are operating according to safety standards.
workstation [wa:rksteiJan] I up to code I annual inspection I safety standards
Answer: (B)
282 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
Common Verbs
01 hold [houldl
Every three months the marketing department
holds seminars to keep the staff updated on sales
trends.
02 reject frid3ektJ
reject: not agree to an offer I proposal I request/ suggestion I
plan
Because we couldn't think of a cheaper method of
production, the director rejected our proposal for
the new line of motorcycles.
o3 assure [aftiar]
assure someone+ that- clause
The chairman assured the investors that the
merger would not affect the value of their
company shares.
04 shrink [friiJk]
shrink: become smaller in size or quantity
The opening of the Kryton Superstore is one of
the major reasons that sales in small local busi-
nesses started to shrink.
os reserve
reserve = book
Those attending the packaging and promotions
.conference must arrange their own flights and
reserve their own hotel accommodations.
06 forward
forward A to B
The vice president has asked his secretary to for-
ward all his calls to the hotel in Stockholm where
he's attending the medical conference.
01 exceed [iksi:dl
Airline policy states that carry-on baggage on all
domestic flights must not exceed a weight of ten
kilograms.
os address [adres]
Labor Union officials will address concerns about
the recent changes to employee benefits
packages.
og appoint
appoint somebody
appoint someone as + title / position
The company appoints a new financial officer
annually to oversee the cost of production.
10 last [lrestl
The ink cartridges for our printers are guaranteed
to last longer than those of our competitors.
11 peak [pi:k]
The cost of renting office space in the financial
district peaked in September, forcing Aston
Accounting to look for workspace in other areas.
12 inaugurate [in5:gjureitl
A new direct air route between Geneva and
Bangkok was officially inaugurated yesterday.
lona Yang was inaugurated Wednesday as the 5th
president of the board of directors.
n distract [distrrektl
This verb is commonly used in the passive form (distracted),
which means be unable to concentrate because somebody
is worried about something.
Conference participants were continuously dis-
tracted by noise from the construction site.
Chapter 07 Verbs - 283
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14 represent [reprizent]
These figures represent a significant increase in
profits, especially in the South American market.
1s retain [ritein]
The city council will not issue new building
permits unless developers promise to retain the
historical beauty of the neighborhood.
16 hesitate [hezateit]
Do not hesitate to + bare infinitive
Do not hesitate to contact one of our representa-
tives if you need any further information.
17 verify [verafai]
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
verify = confirm
Please include the original receipt in order to
verify the date of purchase.
1s rush [rAJ]
rush to + bare infinitive
The product development team rushed to com-
plete the new design before the deadline.
19 violate [vaialeitl
Restaurateurs must be careful not to violate any
health regulations.
20 alter [5:ltar], ___ - - - - - - _ _ J
alter = change
Because the content had been altered signifi-
cantly, the editor suggested that the writer also
change the title of the article.
284 Hackers TOEJC Reading
21 convene [kanvi:n)
The board of directors will convene next Monday
to discuss the proposed expansion.
22 coordinate [kou:S:rdaneit)
The ideal applicant for this marketing position will
be able to coordinate the activities of buyers and
sellers in the retail industry.
23 relocate [ri:loukeit]
- - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
relocate = move
Valentia announced plans to relocate its manufac-
turing plant to China.
24 curb [ka:rb] _______ - - -
curb = restrain
Higher energy costs will likely curb fuel and elec-
tricity usage.
2s delegate [deligeitl
Supervisors are expected to delegate responsibil-
ities in a timely and efficient manner.
26 accommodate [akamadeitl
The luxurious beachfront rooms can easily
accommodate up to seven guests.
21 broaden [br:S:dnl
The grant allows us to broaden our research into
several different areas.
Travel broadens the mind.
www.nhantriviet.com
28 implement [implament]
implement = carry out
Sun Telecom has implemented a new policy on
long-distance rates.
29 indicate [indikeitl
indicate + that-clause
Studies indicate that employee performance is
linked to job satisfaction.
30 patronize [peitranaiz]
Younger people are more likely to patroni ze mod-
ern health facilities than the elderly.
31 obstruct [abstr.Akt]
Before driving, adjust the rear view mirror so that
nothing obstructs your view.
32 alleviate [ali:vieitJ
alleviate = reduce, relieve
In an effort to alleviate traffic congestion, the city
introduced new bus lanes.
www.nhantriviet.com
33 supplement [s.Aplament]
Although he earns a competitive wage as a
research analyst, Mr. Evans supplements his
income by working as second job on Saturdays.
34 acquire [akwaiar]
acquire = get , gain
The developers wish to acquire land for a new
industrial park.
35 emerge [ima:rd3l
PharmaMed has emerged as a new force in the
pharmaceutical market.
36 deposit [dipa='
deposit money
deposit checks
Payments must be deposited into our bank
account by the last day of each month.
Chapter 07 Verbs - 285
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Common Expressions with Verbs
01 anticipate a decrease in sales
02 justify the time spent
03 gauge the applicants' abilities
04 solicit bids
05 release funds
06 The merger will help the company diversify.
07 curb the economic recovery
08 inspect product quality
09 authorize a second printing
1 0 terminate the agreement
11 automate computer tasks
12 utilize a new method
13 taste some local dishes
14 supply training handouts
15 prevent construction accidents
16 His skills match the job responsibilities.
17 a bus bearing a large advertisement
18 The name is engraved in gold.
19 redesign the display window
20 devise a new plan
21 reveal the company's plan
22 allocate funds for improvements
23 Audits are regularly scheduled.
24 prohibit smoking indoors
25 The work was proceeding as planned.
26 attract bargain hunters
27 Your expertise benefits the company.
286 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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28 be reprimanded for procrastinating
29 renew the contract
30 affix the stamp to the envelope
31 need to obtain a license
32 prescribe diabetes medication
33 handle the packages with care
34 detach the last section of the form
35 order a new edition
36 adopt a new strategy
37 review the year-end report
38 reward one's efforts
39 Growth is not expected to abate.
40 dilute the concentrate with water
41 bill guests for room service
42 in order for the rebate to apply
43 oversee operations in Asia
44 refuse damaged goods
45 confirm the reservation
46 present an official I D card
47 submit photocopies
48 The bar graph illustrates the dip in sales.
49 follow the directions
50 The report asserts that reorganization is needed.
51 forfeit one's driver's license
52 consolidate their market standing
53 The message should be conveyed to new staff .
54 require more information
www.nhantriviet.com
Chapter 07 Verbs 287
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HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct verb in each phrase or sentence.
01 Revenue estimates to be optimistic.
02 one's thoughts
o orgamze
03 release a decline in sales
o cause
04 visit the head office
o travel
05 It is that the CEO will resign.
06 the current market value
0 thmk
07
0
send a reliable delivery company
use
08 The airfare.
09 The analyst
0
predicts that stock prices will rise.
o prepares
1 0 the invitation
o decline
11 the paperwork
o not1fy
. o declared.
12 A new product w1ll be
0
introduced.
13 o examine the files
o look
14 o incline market share
o expand
15 o labor outdoors
0 employ
16 a production slowdown
o avo1d
o reminded that S + v
17 Employees are
0
remembered
. 0 wear
18 The sh1rt does not
0
fit the customer.
19 offer patrons a better deal
o control
20 D the disk into the computer
o msert
288 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Answers: p. 555
www.nhantriviet.com
H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Those wishing to a room at the hotel
for the Asian Export Conference are urged to
contact the travel agent as soon as possible.
(A) appoint
(B) require
(C) reserve
(D) attach
02 Some supervisors are reluctant to
responsibilities because they know they will
be held accountable if something goes wrong.
(A) ask
(B) delegate
(C) encourage
(D) share
03 The building owner generally does not
tenants to make renovations in their units.
(A) permit
(B) commit
(C) transmit
(D) submit
04 A group of environmentalists concerns
about recent drastic environmental change
including temperature increases in Northern
Canada and Russia.
(A) requested
(B) left
(C) understood
(D) addressed
05 In order to traffic on the roads,
the Ministry of Transportation has begun a
campaign to encourage individuals to use
public transportation.
(A) alleviate
(B) assist
(C) deteriorate
(D) remove
www.nhantriv1et.com
C Time lim1t: 12 m1nutes
06 Diners are more likely to restaurants
that serve excellent food and provide friendly
service.
(A) encourage
(B) promote
(C) patronize
(D) nurture
07 A number of studies that allowing
employees greater leeway to make decisions
gives them a greater sense of responsibility
at the workplace.
(A) interpret
(B) indulge
(C) indicate
(D) induce
08 The annual office equipment convention will
be on May 7 in Barcelona, so those
wishing to attend must file a request with the
office manager.
(A) held
(B) offered
(C) stayed
(D) referred
09 Residents can the permit by
downloading the form from the website and
submitting the completed form to City Hall.
(A) tear
(B) enhance
(C) restore
(D) obtain
10 Your subscription to any of our online news-
letters can be at any time simply by
submitting a request for cancellation by e-mail.
(A) terminated
(B) exterminated
(C) eliminated
(D) finished
Chapter 07 Verbs - 289
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11 The clinic will you the results of your
medical exam once it has received them from
the laboratory.
(A) retain
(B) forward
(C) submit
(D) develop
12 The shareholders will this afternoon
to finalize resolutions on the use of the
company's net income and the payment of
year-end dividends.
(A) accompany
(B) confide
(C) convene
(D) facilitate
13 To a larger percent of the market
share in cellular phones, OneWorld is
attempting to appeal to a wider audience.
(A) produce
(B) inflate
(C) spread
(D) acquire
14 All companies wishing to set up displays at
the trade fair in Milan must make sure their
exhibits do not
showroom.
(A) exist
(B) prevent
(C) delay
(D) exceed
the size of a standard
15 I am writing to my attendance at the
Symposium on Medical Technologies to be
held next weekend.
(A) contact
(B) confront
(C) confirm
(D) contend
290 - Hackers TOEIC Readi ng
16 The client was satisfied with the new curtains,
but she requested that the length be
so that they would not touch the floor.
(A) qualified
(B) diversified
(C) widened
(D) altered
17 Our financial adviser that investments
in new projects will increase as a result of
lower bank interest rates.
(A) predicts
(B) ponders
(C) questions
(D) releases
18 The installation of the new security software
was delayed because of a technical problem
that while technicians were testing
the system.
(A) revealed
(B) emerged
(C) acted
(D) occupied
19 Please do not the first part of the
form from the second, or it will be invalid.
(A) correspond
(B) write
(C) detach
(D) withdraw
20 You need to enough money to cover
the balance of the bills to pay your bills through
your account.
(A) amount
(B) deposit
(C) coin
(D) lend
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following notice.
Chicago Classical Music Hall
Additional Information Regarding Ticketing
This year we have added ten additional shows to the classical concert series. There has been an
overwhelming demand for tickets, and with only limited seating capacity available for each perform-
ance, those interested are urged to make reservations in advance.
Tickets may be picked up at the box office prior to each show. Proper identification, such as a
driver's license, must be presented with your credit card when you pay for your tickets. This
21 (A) simultaneously
(B) extraneously
(C) stringently
(D) concisely
procedure is necessary in order to your identity so that others cannot use your tickets.
22 (A) rearrange
(B) complicate
(C) discount
(D) verify
Also, if the original receipt has been , buyers can receive a free concert T-shirt at the box
23 (A) contracted
(B) collected
(C) gauged
(D) retained
office. For any inquiries, please call 1500-555-1588 to speak with one of our customer
representatives.
Answers: p. 556
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Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose a noun that is appropriate for the context.
You should look for the preposition and key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a
correct option.
Having a large directory of business
(A) tactics (B) combinations
directory [direktari] I plus [plt.s]
Answer: (C)
can be a plus for anyone in the travel industry.
(C) contacts (D) indications
At only a fraction of the normal registration price, joining has never been easier or more advan-
tageous. Not only will you have access to all of our online services, but as an added of
(A) petition (B) course
(C) possibility (D) benefit
membership, Info-Mate now provides full networking opportunities for other members in all its
chapters.
at a fraction of I registration [red3istreiJanJ I membership [membar.flp] I chapter [tJ!Eptar]
Answer: (D)
292 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
Common Nouns
01 challenge [tfffilind3l
One of the most difficult challenges faced by pub-
lishing editors is to meet deadlines yet maintain a
level of high-quality writing.
02 shortage [f5:rtid3l
As the urban population increases, local residents
have begun to face a shortage of affordable hous-
ing in the downtown area.
03 receipt [risi:t]
All tax forms submitted to the accounting office
will be kept on file for five years from the date of
receipt.
04 brochure [broufU.rl
Delvian Industries launched a direct-mail advertis-
ing campaign which includes colorful brochures of
their new kitchen appliances.
os issue [ifu:]
The interview with Velorek Corporation's CEO
will be printed in the next issue of the financial
magazine.
o6 delegation [deligeifanl
We are expecting a delegation of officials from
our European branch at the trade fair on June 27.
01 review [rivjti:]
The food critic from the local newspaper gave
Bonjour, the new French restaurant in the city's
financial district, an excellent review.
--'---.6.-:- ._ .... -
os supervision [su:parvi3an]
The product development department has been
under the supervision of Joanne for the past five
years.
og subscriber [sabsk.raibar]
Challenger International is a well-known economic
publication with subscribers in more than eighty
countries around the world.
10 precaution [prik5:.fanl
take precautions to + bare infinitive
Although we take every precaution to make sure
that all deliveries arrive in good condition, acci-
dents occasionally occur.
11 itinerary [aitlnereri]
it inerary = schedule / timetable
The itinerary for Dr. Black's trip includes visits to
both Shanghai and Osaka.
12 hospitality [haspatrelatil
~ ~ ~ ~
extend hospitality to
I'd like to thank you for the hospitality extended to
me during my visit.
13 stance [stams]
~ ~
stance = position
The spokesperson announced the company's
stance on outsourcing.
14 method [meSad]
Customers may choose from several convenient
methods of payment.
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Despite widespread speculation about its finan-
cial difficulties, the company has offered no price
reductions on their products.
16 assurance [a uarans]
assurance = guarantee
Completion of a university degree carries no
assurance of earning a high salary.
17 alternative [:>:lta:rnativ]
Taking two or more part-time jobs is a valid alter-
native to full-time employment.
18 cultivation [k.Altaveifan]
Experts recommend the cultivation of plants as a
good means of relieving stress.
Our business depends largely on the cultivation of
a diverse network of clients.
Medical studies have shown that vitamin C is
effective in reducing the duration of colds and flu.
20 atmosphere
elegant atmosphere
One of the benefits of working at Clean Cuts Hair
Salon is the comfortable atmosphere.
21 effort [efart]
in an effort to + bare infinitive
In an effort to increase output, management intro-
duced production bonuses.
294 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Advantage refers to a greater chance of success.
Profit refers to money.
Benefit refers to social welfare.
Having a broad knowledge of the computer indus-
try is an advantage in this firm.
Ms. Flick challenged the perception that a CEO
needs to be over the age of forty.
The forecaster said there's a 20 percent chance
of rain in the late afternoon.
2s force [f:>:rs]
force: a group of people organized and trained
Although the company is relatively new, it has
become a force to contend with.
Employees need to provide written notification of
their intention to take leave.
21 function [fA. k an]
function: an official ceremony or a formal social event, such
as a party or a special meal, at which a lot of people are
present
The hotel provides various facilities for social and
business functions.
28 expertise [ekspa:rtf:z]
Our consulting team is ready to provide expertise
in Internet broadcasting technology.
www.nhantriviet.com
momentum: the force that keeps an object moving or
developing after it has started
The shift toward the use of environmental tech-
nologies is gaining momentum.
The conference aims to help farmers generate
large net profits from alternative crops.
31 morale [marffil]
By improving the morale of the players, the new
coach was successful in leading the team all the
way to the national championships.
32 negotiation [nigoufieifan]
Planning for the next stage of negotiations is cur-
rently underway in New York.
33 reimbursement [ri:imM:rsmant]
reimbursement: the advance money someone pays for
business issues and gets returned later by the company
Traveling salesmen receive reimbursement for
expenses incurred while on the road.
Clearnet lost its monopoly on Internet services
with the privatization of the telecommunications
market.
35 revenue [revan u:]
It is correct to use large/ high revenue, but not large/ high /
small money.
Portable MP3 players earn the largest revenue in
the music player market.
36 asset [ffisetl
We here at EB Creative Services consider our
staff to be our most valuable asset.
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Common Expressions with Nouns
01 The CD player is under warranty.
02 in the closing stage of negotiations
03 his unwillingness to invest a large sum
04 a characteristic of a good manager
05 speak to the manager for clarification
06 make revisions to the hard copy
07 oversee the coordination of all projects
08 feedback from a survey
09 a budget of one million dollars
10 a paper on refinancing loans
11 pay dividends on its preferred stock
12 The CEO is calling for proposals.
13 The bank statement showed inconsistencies.
14 The contractor's main concern was the timetable.
15 excellent examples of modern architecture
16 Success depends on the p"articipation of members.
17 ensure the long-term stability of the program
18 attach a letter of reference
19 the general consensus
20 select some candidates for the award
21 after the close of bidding
22 Competition increased overnight.
23 reliable analysis of the balance sheet
24 receive an award
296 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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25 expand the capacity of the communication network
26 The second floor will be closed for renovation.
27 meet with company representatives
28 fill out a complaint form
29 a large gap between supply and demand
30 An education serves as the foundation for a career.
31 agreement with the proposal
32 Some studies suggest that S + V.
33 the demand for medical personnel
34 progress toward a safer workplace
35 requests for grant proposals
36 an important step in gaining equality
37 offer financial incentives to qualified patients
38 delays in shipping
39 They all belong to the union.
40 use extreme caution
41 Attendees must register today.
42 an airtight container to store food
43 violation of office rules
44 Plastic is resistant to corrosion.
45 begin another expansion project
46 The menu includes a selection of wines.
47 the purpose of the meeting
www.nhantriviet.com
Chapter 08 Nouns - 297
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HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct noun in each phrase or sentence.
01
o digits .
o developments In technology
02 seek from a stockbroker
03
, o applause
express one s o appreciation
04 P f
.
1
n
1
o attire .
ro ess o a
0
ambivalence IS necessary.
05 International has increased.
06 The fire caused widespread
0
. o environment
7 the f1rst stage of
0
development
08 An might be made.
o mstance
. o lecture
09 attend a public
0
speaker
. , o apparel
10 manufacture lad1es
0
applicants
o responsibility.
11 Meals are your
0
requirement.
. o envelope
12 put the form 1n the
0
postage
. o establishment.
13 There 1s room for
0
improvement.
. o inclination.
14 We apolog1ze for the
0
inconvenience.
. . o decadence
15 a spec1es 1n danger of
0
extinction
16 I
o of artwork
a arge o connect1on
o slowdown .
17 expect a gradual
0
rundown 1n March
0 bit
18 a
0
minimum of two years' experience
19 His g was in dispute.
298 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Answers: p. 556
www.nhantriviet.com
T E S T
Part 5
01 One of the great of working for
Seal Corporation is its excellent treatment
of employees.
(A) courtesies
(B) advantages
(C) profits
(D) favors
02 The new executive officer brings with him
in the areas of policy making,
strategy formulation and business
acquisitions.
(A) inquiry
(B) conversion
(C) jurisdiction
(D) expertise
03 The project manager gave Claudia Goddard
an outstanding performance for her
excellent work on the advertising promotion.
(A) standard
(B) review
(C) statement
(D) request
04 Clarkson and Sons is in the last of
the study and will soon submit a report on its
findings.
(A) paths
(B) drafts
(C) ways
(D) stages
05 The weather forecaster has announced that
there is a
evening.
(A) speculation
(B) fate
(C) chance
(D) prospect
of showers later in the
(9 Time limit: 12 minutes
06 Stratos Airways takes every to ensure
that your check-in baggage arrives at its final
destination.
(A) idea
(B) regulation
(C) precaution
(D) offer
07 The local government has a total of
ten million dollars for job skills training for
unemployed people.
(A) book
(B) budget
(C) profit
(D) wallet
08 The risks in investing in Data-Tech are high,
but it could bring substantial in the
future.
(A) rewards
(B) cash
(C) payments
(D) expenses
09 The next of Starburst Magazine will
contain a report from our manufacturing plant
in Indonesia.
(A) cost
(B) issue
(C) guarantee
(D) state
1 0 During the economic crisis, the company
generated the smallest in the history
of its operation.
(A) finances
(B) charges
(C) money
(D) revenue
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11 The PR Department of the Merrill Power
Corporation issued a press release
making clear the firm's on current
environmental issues.
(A) circumstance
(B) stance
(C) composition
(D) substitution
12 The most successful general managers
assert that human resources are the most
important
(A) worth
in any establishment.
(B) benefit
(C) asset
(D) personal
13 The firm has a total on the apparatus
because it is the only company authorized to
produce it.
(A) monologue
(B) monograph
(C) monotone
(D) monopoly
14 All products ordered from the YTV website
are shipped within one week from the
of an order.
(A) receipt
(B) admission
(C) permission
(D) ownership
15 A spokesperson from FutureNet Ltd. reported
that there had recently been a number of
innovative in the networking industry.
(A) digits
(B) developments
(C) repetitions
(D) decisions
300 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
16 The financial of the shipping industry
is dependent on the continued growth and
improvement of the country's fleet of cargo
liners.
(A) stability
(B) allocation
(C) donation
(D) statement
17 The of being a fashion designer is
creating clothing that is both attractive and
comfortable for the consumer.
(A) introduction
(B) orientation
(C) challenge
(D) submission
18 The deadline for submission of for
the river cleaning project has been extended
to the end of the month.
(A) intentions
(B) advice
(C) indications
(D) proposals
19 The restaurant is undergoing in
hopes of attracting more business-class
clients.
(A) formation
(B) magnification
(C) renovation
(D) boost
20 All workers at the Argo Chemicals production
plant are under the direct of the
facility manager.
(A) participation
(B) supervision
(C) view
(D) provision
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following memo.
From: Warren Reynolds, PR Department
To: All staff
We would like to inform all employees at Burrows Design Ltd. that a new quality program
21 (A) acceptance
(B) assurance
(C) location
(D) confidence
will be implemented starting next month. Strict qual ity regulation procedures will be introduced
to guarantee that our reputation for excellence in design is maintained. While working on new
projects, staff will be required to keep an online record of their work to confirm that the new quality
specifications are met. On completion, the record will then be submitted to the management office
for , after which feedback will be provided.
22 (A) evaluation
(B) reservation
(C) expectation
(D) implication
A special full-day introductory seminar has been scheduled for Saturday, February 19 in Conference
Room 101 , at which the new quality specifications will be explained in detail. It is that all
staff members attend, and overtime will be paid accordingly.
VJ\ 1 rnrn
23 (A) decisive
(B) wi ll ing
(C) resourceful
(D) imperative
Answers: p. 556
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Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose an adjective that is appropriate for the
context.
1. For an adjective that modifies a noun, you should choose the one that appropriately goes
with that noun.
2. You should look for the preposition and key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a
correct option.
Information technology and computer networks have provided offices and homes with
gains in efficiency and productivity.
(A} overpowering (B) noble (C) affected
gain [gein] I efficiency [ifiJansi] I productivity [proudaktivati]
Answer: (D)
(D) impressive
We have carefully considered each of our valuable and talented employees for this award, but
only one could be selected. It took much deliberation, but we have reached consensus that out
of the hundreds of ideas to emerge over the past year, Brian Lee's have been the most
(A) respective (B) interested
(C) innovative (D) attracted
talented [trelantid] I deliberation [dillbareifan] l reach consensus I emerge [ima:rd3l
Answer: (C)
302 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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Common Adjectives
01 definitive [difinativ]
The Keiko Ono Corporation is considered to be
the definitive source for fashion trends in East
Asia.
02 exceptional [iksepfanll
The Alamo Convention Center provides state-of-
the-art facilities and equipment and exceptional
service.
o3latest [leiti st]
latest = up-to-date
Marco Textiles had to reprint their latest catalogs
because of a few minor errors.
04 confidential [kanfadenfal]
~ ~ ~
confidential = secret
Please remind all employees to keep confidential
documents in a secure location.
os temporary [tempareri]
temporary: not lasting for a long time
a temporary office
Dr. Bell is hiring a temporary replacement for his
nurse who will be on vacation for a month.
o6 key [ki:J
key elements
key issues
Following the presentation on key corporate tax
laws, there will be a question and answer period.
01 subsequent [s.Absikwant]
Business was slow during the first year of the
restaurant, but it attracted more customers in
subsequent years.
www.nhantriviet.com
os incidental [insadentll
~
incidental expenses
Please make sure to report major issues at the
meeting only and do not bring up incidental details
that are off topic.
o91imited [limitid]
~
limited resources
For a limited time only, Leavitt Furniture is offering
all stock at a significant discount.
10 incorrect [inkarekt]
~ ~
incorrect = false
The phone number the applicant listed on the form
was incorrect, so there was no way to contact him.
11 partial [p6:rfal]
We are sending only a partial order, as the head-
phones you requested have been discontinued.
12 valued [vrelju:d]
Ms. Lopez has been a valued advisor in the area
of South American market research for more than
twenty years.
13 unprecedented [.An{>resad(mtidl
~ ~ ~
unprecedented event
unprecedented disaster
Record sales by such a small firm are
unprecedented.
14 promising [pramisiiJ]
~
a promising youth
Job opportunities for new graduates will be more
promising than before.
Chapter 09 Adjectives - 303
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15 tentative [t entativ]
tentative = provisional : not certain
The release date for the new product is still con-
sidered tentative.
16 respective [rispektiv]
respective: relating or belonging separately to each of the
people or things you have just mentioned
Do not confuse it with respectful , which means having
admiration for someone/ something.
All images on this web page are the property of
their respective illustrators.
11 defective [difektivl
This adjective describes something that has a fault or does
not work correctl y.
Store owners are offering refunds on all defective
merchandise.
18 insecure [insikjuarJ
Department store sales have decreased, as shop-
pers feel insecure about the current economy.
19 illegible [iled3ahl_,_ l ______
illegible handwriting
Because of a printing mistake, the documents are
illegible.
20 enviable [enviabl]
Mr. Brown has not only enviable sales record but
more than twenty years of marketing experience.
21 alert
alert = attentive
be alert to + bare infinitive
Our team supervisor was alert enough to spot the
errors in the report.
304 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
22 affordable [af5:rdabll
Affordable does not refer to a high or low price but the
price at which people can be able to buy.
Today's personal computers are affordable and
accessible to most people.
23 annual
annual report
annual salary
Those interested should register for the annual
conference by next week.
24 available [aveilabll
A (a product) is available to B (a user).
Savings options are available to all customers of
the American First Bank.
25 consecutive [kansekjutivl
for the + ordinal number + consecutive year: during a
period of time without interruption
ATLP announced that its stock value had risen for
the fifth consecutive year.
26 unwavering [.\nweivari!Jl
Ecolife has joined local environmental groups to
declare their unwavering commitment to protect-
ing the river from illegal waste disposal.
21 diverse [diva:r.:::. s_,__ l _________ _...
diverse = various
Recent hires reflected the company's goal to have
a diverse workforce.
28 substantial [sabstrenJal]
substantial : large in size I value I importance
The company has invested a substantial amount
of capital into its new projects.
www.nhantriviet.com
29 liable [laiabll
be liable to + bare infinitive = be likely to + bare infinitive
During an economic crisis, many small businesses
are liable to fail.
30 chronological lkranal6d3ikal]
The newspaper listed the events in chronological
order.
31 overdue [ouvardju:]
overdue: not done when expected
a period of time + overdue
The books he had borrowed were two days
overdue.
32 unanimous [ju:nrenamas]
be unanimous for: fully agree with
Do not confuse unanimous with anonymous, which means
made or done by someone whose name is not known.
The proposal to cut costs obtained unanimous
shareholder approval.
www.nhantriviet.rom
33 unclaimed [A.nkleimd]
Unclaimed refers to things / objects that nobody has
claimed as belonging to them.
The airport introduced new security procedures
for unclaimed baggage.
34 durable [djuarabl]
All Playtoy products are strong and durable and
are made out of non-toxic materials for your
child's protection.
35 eligible [elid3ahll
be eligible to + bare infinitive/ be eligible for + noun
Donors are eligible to become members of the
Gold Star Club.
Workers are eligibl e for compensation.
36 additional [adifanll
~ ~ ~
additional = extra
additional charge
The accounting department is looking for
additional ways to save money on the cost of
packaging and handling.
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01 the overall effectiveness of the program
02 The supervisor is extremely demanding on the staff.
03 The office is in a desirable location.
04 mounting pressure
05 technical problems
06 reliable employees
07 an authorized car repair center
08 a diversified line of products
09 an unbiased opinion
10 an active program to support small companies
11 accurate data
12 detailed information
13 required application documents
14 a totally independent agency
15 a strategic location
16 ensure the efficient processing of complaints
17 The slide projector was unavailable.
18 get regular check-ups
306 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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19 delicate issues involving civil rights
20 at a rapid pace
21 a comprehensive physical examination
22 differing opinion
23 on a clear day
24 the reserved room
25 It is imperative that you go to the meeting.
26 Security has been lax.
27 a powerful engine
28 might be especially beneficial
29 make the manual accessible to users
30 The company is not progressive.
31 be compensated for unused leave days
32 the medicinal uses of aloe vera
33 past findings
34 incompetent employees
35 feel apprehensive during the interview
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Tick a correct adjective in each phrase or sentence.
01 manage an I a
0
amount of work
0 cult1vatmg
02
o popular
eat at a
0
solicited restaurant
03 The food was g the long wait.
4
o condensed t s
0
at o reasonable ra e
05
. o damp
w1th a
0
confident manner
o unexpected
06
an o unqualified result
07
. th 0 year
In e o commg
08
M' lk . o perishable food
1
IS a o perceptible
9 h
, o existing systems
0 revamp t e company s
0
occurring
o pleased h t f 1
10 The sponsors were d that t e even was success u .
o accustome
11 h o breakfast
ave a o complimentary
12
source of petroleum
a o rrch
308 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Answers: p. 556
www.nhantriviet.com
H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 The city council is considering the construction
of an subway line to solve some of
the local traffic problems.
(A) optional
(B) incidental
(C) intentional
(D) additional
02 Although stock options were previously
offered only to management, the rank and file
are now to purchase options.
(A) appropriate
(B) eligible
(C) available
(D) befitting
03 Documents containing information
about company employees cannot be
released to anyone without the human
resources director's written permission.
(A) accidental
(B) confidential
(C) deliberate
(D) careful
04 If you have any problems using the cellular
phone, take it to any service center
for repairs.
(A) limited
(B) authorized
(C) permissive
(D) sufficient
05 When delivering food, delivery
companies use special refrigerated trucks
and insulating materials to prevent the food
from spoiling.
(A) perishable
(B) spoiled
(C) fragile
(D) durable
All I .... "' .... . ,;
0 Time limit: 12 minutes
06 Attendance to the first electronics trade fair in
Dallas was low, but events drew a
larger number of visitors.
(A) previous
(B) late
(C) after
(D) subsequent
07 Although all members of the discount club
may order items from the website, rebates
are only to those members who
have kept their accounts active.
(A) creditable
(B) considerable
(C) approachable
(D) available
08 Media Creators, producer of family-oriented
fast food restaurant advertisements, has won
the coveted Advertising Award for the third
year.
(A) connected
(B) associated
(C) consecutive
(D) continuous
09 Synertex's factories use the technol-
ogy and equipment to produce their medical
equipment.
(A) longest
(B) latest
(C) instant
(D) conclusive
10 The shop specializes in furniture and table
accessories that are to low- and
medium-income households.
(A) curable
(B) believed
(C) excessive
(D) affordable
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11 The manual was written in such a manner
as to be readily to laymen and
nonprofessionals.
(A) acknowledgeable
(B) expressible
(C) familiar
(D) accessible
12 Chang and Nobel legal firm provides
medical coverage to its part-time employees.
(A) minor
(B) restrained
(C) limited
(D) confined
13 Plans for the consul 's visit to the company
are still considered , but our
representative will call you once the
arrangements are fixed.
(A) vigilant
(B) tentative
(C) contemporary
(D) infinite
14 For those who want to work as a business
analyst, experience in market research is a
highly attribute.
(A) beneficial
(B) repetitive
(C) superficial
(D) expensive
15 Consumer Institute representative Debbie
Dorday gave an speech on digital
cameras and what to look for when
purchasing one.
(A) indicative
(B) excited
(C) informative
(D) interested
16 Advertising is the element in
maintaining high levels of sales in the
competitive beauty product market.
(A) key
(B) convenient
(C) marginal
(D) complete
17 Camping gear such as tents, sleeping bags,
and backpacks is made from exceptionally
materials such as nylon or canvas.
(A) justifiable
(B) durable
(C) legible
(D) reversible
18 Despite the growing popularity of the Internet,
television advertising remains one of the most
ways to promote products.
(A) satisfied
(B) reluctant
(C) dependent
(D) effective
19 The job requirements are much too
even for staff who have the necessary skills
and experience.
(A) demanding
(B) exciting
(C) revolting
(D) compelling
20 Few people would be to relocate to
areas that do not provide sufficient transporta-
tion facilities.
(A) convincing
(B) wishing
(C) willing
(D) starting
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter.
Norman Lord
246 Kandahar Crescent
Boulder, CO 80301
Dear Mr. Lord,
As you may have heard, lnfinicorp Ltd. has posted a record profit for the past business year . Earn-
ings came in at 837 million dollars, representing an turnaround since the company's huge
21 (A) impenetrable
(B) immovable
(C) unprecedented
(D) insubordinate
loss two years ago. At that time, the corporation made a considerable loss of 342 mil lion
22 (A) justly
(B) nearly
(C) mostly
(D) fluently
doll ars. The company's rise has been largely attributed to the notable talents of CEO,
23 (A) unlimited
(B) impressed
(C) forbidden
(D) incredible
Mr. Richard Baker, who was inaugurated only two years ago. This profit translates into benefits for
all shareholders, and I am delighted to announce that lnfinicorp will be turning this profit into a spe-
cial dividend of forty cents per share. I would like to thank you for remaining one of our most loyal
and valued shareholders.
Sincerely,
Artimus Bertwhistle
Executive Director, lnfinicorp Ltd.
Answers: p. 556
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Question Type and Useful Tips
This type of question requires examinees to choose an adverb that is appropriate for the
context.
1. You should look for the key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a correct option.
2. Sometimes, you do not need to read the whole sentence but just look at the part of speech
that the adverb modifies in order to choose a correct option.
All individuals who use their credit card frequently should
history to verify that no errors have been made.
(A) periodically (B) precisely (C) incidentally
check [tfek] I transaction history I verify [verafai]
Answer: (A)
check their transaction
(D) indefinitely
In the past year, Threestar Automotive' s automobile exports increased by 12.6 percent, bring-
ing in gross profits of around $500 million. The relatively new company has grown in
(A) eagerly (B) immediately
(C) recently (D) rapidly
the five years since its inauguration, and considering the company's planned diversification
into the pharmaceutical sector, the future looks bright indeed.
bring in 1 gross profit I inauguration [in:,:gjareifan] I diversification [diva:rsafikeifan]
Answer: (D)
312 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
Common Adverbs
01 dramatically
dramatically: suddenly, obviously
This adverb often refers to an increase or a decrease.
The Unigue-Co's stock shares rose dramatically
during the sale season in the summer months.
o2 fully [fulil
fully = completely
fully booked
The business community did not fully appreciate
the marketing potential of the Internet.
03 personally [pa:rsanali)
All advertisements in the C/overfield Times must
be personally approved by the editor-in-chief
before they are submitted for publication.
04 exclusively [iksklu:sivli)
The Fisher Investment Company has created a
new department to concentrate exclusively on
emerging markets in South-East Asia.
os occasionally [akei3<malil
occasionally = sometimes
Hewes and Associates' department heads meet
occasionally to discuss new clients or projects.
o6 ahead [abed)
ahead of: early I before
Be sure to call ahead for a reservation to avoid
excessive delays.
01 regularly [regjularli)
In order to keep up to date with office schedules,
employees are required to regularly check the
office message board.
oa densely [densli]
Heavy industry has been steadily moving out of
densely populated areas.
09 unbearably [,\nbearablil
The unbearably low temperatures this week have
led to record sales increases in winter clothing at
local department stores.
10 virtually [va:rtfualil
virtually = practically
The offices at Decatur Bio-research are virtually
empty during the month of August when most
employees go on vacation.
11 relatively [relativliJ
The increased crop yield was attributed to the
past winter's relatively warm weather.
12 mutually [mju:tfualil
The beverage manufacturer formed a partnership
with the restaurant chain that was expecting to
provide sales opportunities mutually for both
companies.
13 enthusiastically [ineju:zirestikaliJ
enthusiastically = ardently
The staff enthusiastically applauded the CEO's
decision to increase wages.
14 otherwise [..\oarwaiz]
Do not confuse otherwise which means differently with
otherwise which means if not that is used after a suggestion
to show what the result will be if you do not follow it.
You will continue to receive these weekly newslet-
ters unless otherwise requested.
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radically = fundamentally
In an attempt to attract younger consumers, the
ad campaign was radically changed.
16 consistently [kansistantli]
Lewis' Law Firm has consistently provided quality
services at affordable prices.
11 solely [s6ulli)
~ ~
solely = only
The firm relied solely on word-of-mouth
advertising.
1a significantly [si nifikantli]
New drilling technologies are expected to signifi-
cantly boost oil production capacity.
19 directly [direktlil
directly: without anyone / anything else being involved or in
between
If you have any questions or comments, please
contact me directly.
20 currently [ka:rantlil
The fifth floor of this building is currently open for
public tours.
314 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
This adverb can stand on its own or be used in the structure
immediately upon V-ing / immediately after + adverb
clause.
Employees are instructed to punch in immediately
upon arriving at work.
22 simultaneous! [saimalteiniasli]
~ ~ ~ ~
simultaneously = at the same time
Do not confuse it with spontaneously, which means hap-
pening in a sudden and natural way.
Training sessions given by the company are
simultaneously funny and informative.
23 minimally [minimali]
Construction work on lanes 3 and 4 will affect the
flow of traffic only minimally and should be com-
pleted by early afternoon.
The broken equipment at the plant must be
repaired promptly.
The staff knows that Mr. Rich wants meetings to
begin promptly at 8:00 a.m.
www.nhantriviet.com
Common Expressions with Adverbs
01 a fairly simple method
02 accidentally discover a confidential document
03 r e o ~ d expenses accurately
04 carelessly broke the rules
05 On May 1, the store will officially open.
06 choose randomly
07 has consistently arrived on time
08 Customers repeatedly use the service.
09 Prices increased markedly.
10 Lateness will be severely penalized.
11 Visitors are routinely asked to show their IDs.
12 an unusually high profit return
13 voluntarily work overtime
14 His experience was exclusively in sales.
15 Doctors were previously unable to cure the disease.
16 Regrettably, we have to close our doors.
17 He will undoubtedly take the position.
18 The equipment operates properly.
www.nhantriviet.com
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19 The partners worked cooperatively.
20 be adequately wrapped to avoid damage
21 talk to patrons politely
22 Our office has recently moved.
23 deal with problems appropriately
24 expand substantially
25 cost significantly less
26 follow the directions carefully
27 The plant operates efficiently.
28 be temporarily out of stock
29 The hotel is conveniently located near the shopping district.
30 The network system will eventually need upgrading.
316 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct adverb in each phrase or sentence.
01 The restaurant stays open
02 Th b
.d . o extremely d t t'
e n ge 1s
0
presently un er cons rue 1on.
03
. o scarcely .
cut spending,
0
especially on recreation
04
o closely
pay o separately
05 He
0
resisted the change.
0 Initially
06 frequently depend on donations
o shortly
07 Presumably, h left the building
o Almost, e
08
o thickly
fasten the strap
0
securely
09 the famous celebrity
10 The product line will be launched.
11 Tourists visit throughout the year.
12 Nearly, she lost the original.
D Apparently,
13 The book is read g by both boys and girls.
14 do one's job
0
even
D well
15 be
0
admired
0 Widely
\AI\1\1\N rnm
Answers: p. 556
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H A C K E R S T E S T
Part 5
01 Staff functions for workers in the city council
department are usually held in the office
lounge, but special events are
hosted in restaurants or hotels.
(A) early
(B) occasionally
(C) remotely
(D) consistently
02 Effective , the company will no longer
accept applications for medical or sick leave
without a certificate from a physician.
(A) financially
(B) immediately
(C) concurrently
(D) repeatedly
03 The use of alternative medicine among
professionals in the city and suburbs is
widespread.
(A) directly
(B) quickly
(C) likely
(D) fairly
04 The menu at Luau Grill is
recommended by Martha Childs, a food
critic for the Boston Courier for its innovative
selection of dishes.
(A) personally
(B) relevantly
(C) richly
(D) factually
05 The company misled investors by not
reporting the losses it incurred in the first
quarter.
(A) assuredly
(B) remarkably
(C) accurately
(D) deductively
318 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 The gift shop on Baker Street is popular with
customers because it is conveniently located,
and its products are
(A) nearly
(B) hardly
(C) relatively
(D) scarcely
07 Cell phone users who
inexpensive.
send text
messages should take advantage of the new
plan being offered by the wireless carrier.
(A) totally
(B) greatly
(C) hugely
(D) frequently
08 Recent sales of Dual-Electronics' computer
monitors have increased , mainly
due to their new contract with the Brightman
Insurance Corporation.
(A) eagerly
(B) intentionally
(C) fortunately
(D) dramatically
09 Because the first speaker has another
appointment, the convention must begin
at 9:00a.m.
(A) assertively
(B) cordially
(C) promptly
(D) especially
10 The company has hired some new
staff, so we will be holding a gathering at the
cafeteria to introduce them.
(A) recently
(B) usually
(C) commonly
(D) freshly
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following article.
Downtown Finance Center Renovations
The downtown Finance Center is about to undergo extensive modernization renovations, including
a restoration of the building's facade and lobby. The aim of the work is to give the Finance Center
a competitive edge in attracting high-end corporate tenants for its office space.
After completion, the building will appear different from now due to the addition of a
11 (A) formerly
(B) radically
(C) allegedly
(D) primarily
mirrored glass exterior which changes color based on the time of day. Also, upgraded seating
areas in the lobby will more people than before, with special attention given to comfort
12 (A) appreciate
(B) articulate
(C) alienate
(D) accommodate
and space. In an unusual move, developers decided not to employ an entire design team to work
on the new project but to allow freelance architect Janice Pana, designer of the New York Arts
Center, to create the new look for the Finance Center. Because the Finance Center
13 (A) recently
(B) nearly
(C) solely
(D) surely
building will have to undergo such extensive remodeling, minimum costs for the project are
expected to be around 1.5 million dollars.
Answers: p. 556
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 10 Adverbs - 319
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Section 3 Content Words
with Similar Meaning
Chapter 11 - Verbs with Similar Meaning
Chapter 12 - Nouns with Similar Meaning
Chapter 13- Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning
In the TOEIC test, some questions require examinees to fully understand not only the mean-
ing nuance but also the usage of English verbs given so as to be able to choose the correct
answer choices.
A few bank cash machines can
half that amount.
(A) possess (B) hold
bank cash machine I carry [kreri]
Answer: (B)
(C) occupy
as much as 30,000 dollars, but most carry less than
(D) grasp
Steel Works Inc. has just announced plans to move their operations from the Michigan Steel
Mill to a new location near Los Angeles. The company has officially staff that the cur-
(A) explained (B) informed
(C) expressed (D) inquired
rent plant will be closing at the end of year, but jobs will be available for employees prepared
to relocate.
announce [amiuns] I operation [apareifan] I officially [afiJali] I current [ka:rant] I plant [plamt) I relocate
[ri :loukeit]
Answer: (B)
322 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
Confusing Verbs
01 advise vs. recommend
advise [redvaiz]
advise somebody+ that-clause
The lawyer advised the owner that filing for bank-
ruptcy was his only option.
recommend [rekamend]
recommend + that-clause
The stockbroker recommended that shares of the
offering be purchased immediately.
o2 enroll vs. subscribe vs. apply vs. register
enroll [inr6ul]
enroll in
All trainees are required to enroll in the software
course by the end of the week.
subscribe [sabskniib]
subscribe to/for
We subscribe to several medical journals to keep
up to date on advances in the world of medicine.
apply [aplai]
apply for
Catherine Mannheim expects a lot of people to
apply for the legal assistant position at the law
firm.
register [red3istar l
register for
The city library reported that more than three hun-
dred people register for library cards each year.
o3 affect vs. effect
affect [afektl
The new security rules will affect all employees at
the main headquarters.
effect [ifektl
The company cannot effect a change without
closely examining its systems.
www.nhantriviet.com
04 attend vs. participate in
attend [atend]
attend something
The director is requiring all new employees to
attend the session on insurance.
participate in
participate in something
Our employer has asked us to participate in the
company's open house event.
os postpone vs. reschedule
postpone [poustp6un]
Because of the construction delay, the opening
of the new factory will be postponed until next
month.
reschedule [ri:sked3u:l]
Customers wishing to reschedule their appoint-
ments are requested to notify the office one week
in advance.
o6 condense vs. minimize vs. decrease
condense [kandens]
The CEO has asked us to condense an hour-long
presentation into twenty minutes.
minimize [minamaiz]
Having a diversified portfolio can help investors
minimize risk.
decrease [dikri:s]
The company has decided to decrease production
of electric appliances.
Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning - 323
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01 lend vs. loan vs. borrow vs. rent
lend [lend]
lend: give something / money to someone for a period of
time, expecting it to be given back
The library does not lend books to individuals who
have no borrower's card.
loan [loun]
loan (commonly used in the bank): lend money I capital
Brooke bank agreed to loan the Macro Software
Inc. some money for the merger.
borrow [b6rou]
borrow: receive something / money from someone with the
intention of giving it back after a period of time
A small businessman cannot borrow money from
a bank without collateral.
rent [rent]
rent: pay a fixed amount of money regularly for the use of a
room, house, car, etc. that someone else owns
The company rented several cars for the over-
seas representatives to use.
oa foster vs. enlarge
foster [f5:star l
foster: encourage the development or growth of something
The new agreement fostered exports between the
two nations.
enlarge [inl6:rd3l
enlarge: make something bigger, usually a space / area/
quantity
The board plans to enlarge the sports complex by
the end of the year.
og contact vs. connect
contact [k6ntrekt]
contact : communicate with someone by telephone, letter,
e-mail, etc.
Please contact Ms. Brooks for any questions
regarding your application.
connect [kanekt]
connect A with / to B: make it possible for A to speak to B
by telephone
Can you connect me to the Bookman Publishing
Company, please?
10 demonstrate vs. display
demonstrate [demanstreit]
demonstrate: show something and explain how it works
The talk show guest demonstrated how to dress
for success.
display [displei]
display: arrange something in public so that it can be seen
The latest styles of shoes are displayed in the
shopwindows.
11 note vs. notify vs. announce
note [nout]
note + that-clause
The clerk told the customers to note that the store
would be closed for two days.
notify [n6utafai]
notify someone of something
The company notified its shareholders of the
proposed merger.
announce [anauns]
announce (to someone) something I that -clause
The chairman announced to the board that the
CEO had tendered his resignation.
12 speak vs. tell vs. say vs. express
speak [spi:k]
speak (to someone) about something
Mr. Tokuyama will speak to management about
production cuts.
tell [tell
tell someone+ that -cl ause / about something
We had to tell the client that we would be unable
to meet the deadline.
say [sei]
say (to someone) + that-clause
The secretary said to Mr. Wills that the meeting
had been postponed.
express [ikspres]
express something
The buyer has expressed interest in purchasing
the unused lot.
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13 expire vs. invalidate
expire [ikspaiar]
The contract expired a few days ago and will not
be renewed.
invalidate [invffilideit]
The contract was invalidated because the com-
pany failed to comply with the terms of the
agreement.
14 evaluate vs. estimate
evaluate [ivffiljueit]
The feasibility of the projects has not been
evaluated.
estimate [estameitl
Mr. Turner estimates that the non-stop flight to
Switzerland will take fourteen hours.
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Part 5
01 The contract stipulates that tenants must
the landlord of any major structural
changes they wish to make to their apartment.
(A) forward
(B) announce
(C) notify
(D) arrange
02 In line with company policy, all new
employees must first a safety
briefing before attempting to operate
factory machinery.
(A) participate
(B) register
(C) attend
(D) go
03 Any agreements that have are,
without exception, placed in the company
archives.
(A) invalidated
(B) expired
(C) violated
(D) submitted
04 A supeNisor is expected to a close
relationship between his subordinates and
himself.
(A) enlarge
(B) gain
(C) foster
(D) arise
05 I will leave a number with my assistant in
case anyone needs to me while I' m
away on business.
(A) convey
(B) conform
(C) connect
(D) contact
326 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 The Bank of Rhode Island has established
a special program to funds at low
interest to those who develop local business
initiatives.
(A) lend
(B) lease
(C) borrow
(D) rent
07 Gen-Track's vice president plans to
some structural changes in the company's
management system at the staff meeting next
week.
(A) disagree
(B) interpret
(C) announce
(D) acquire
08 All accounting staff can in the online
training course at the human resources office
starting next month.
(A) enroll
(B) apply
(C) submit
(D) interview
09 The shipping and transport seminar scheduled
for next Monday has been until the
following week.
(A) appointed
(B) postponed
(C) scheduled
(D) previewed
10 Dow and Johnson's chief programming team
will the functions of their newest
accounting software at the financial technology
trade fair.
(A) expose
(B) encourage
(C) surprise
(D) demonstrate
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following information.
Top Researcher to Speak on Solar Power
At the National Conference on Renewable Energy in Atlanta next month, Sunbeam Resources' top
researcher, Dr. Robert Flack, will about recent technological developments in solar power.
11 (A) note
(B) speak
(C) say
(D) express
To provide the most up-to-date information to consumers, he has his essential research
12 (A) multiplied
(B) condensed
(C) minimized
(D) decreased
data into a two-hour presentation. He will explain how solar energy can help preserve the global
environment, and why people should convert to it. Dr. Flack will illustrate solar power's efficiency
and competitiveness through charts and diagrams. He will also demonstrate how solar energy has
evolved into the most suitable to hydroelectric or nuclear energy, and how it is a self-
13 (A) alternative
(B) difference
(C) distinction
(D) demonstration
sustaining source of power. The conference will take place at the Sunseeker Hotel on Saturday,
November 17. Online registrations are being accepted at www.ncre.org until the November 15.
Answers: p. 557
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In the TOEIC test , some questions require examinees to ful ly understand both the meaning
nuance and usage of English nouns given so as to be able to choose the correct answer
choices.
One of the of the campaign is to let the elderly know of various services available to
them at community centers.
(A) aims (B) beliefs (C) reasons
the elderly
Answer: (A)
(D) foundations
Now into her second year as Mayor of Detroit, Francine Menendez outlined pending improve-
ments to the city's infrastructure. First on her list is the urban of the Lakeside Precinct,
(A) refreshment (B) progress
(C) renewal (D) structure
which includes the conversion of an abandoned dock area into recreational parkland, and a
two-mile long pedestrian boardwalk with cafes and restaurants.
outline [autlain] I pending [pendiiJ] I infrastructure [infrastr}.ktfar] I precinct [pri:siiJkt] I conversion [kanva:r:3anl I
abandoned [abffindandJ I dock [dak] I parkland [p6:rklffind] I pedestrian [padestrian]
Answer: (C)
328 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
Confusing Nouns
01 proportion vs. size
proportion [prap5:rfan]
proportion: the number, amount or level of one thing when
compared to the whole
I spend a large proportion of my salary on renting
an apartment.
size [saiz]
size: how large or small a thing is
The cost of construction was high due to the
large size of the new facilities.
02 access vs. approach
access [rekses]
access (non-count noun): the method of getting near to a
person I thing I place
have access to
Members have unlimited access to the maga-
zine's online archives.
The path behind the house has direct access to a
hidden garden.
approach [apr6utfl
approach (count noun): the method of getting near to
a person / thing / place; the method of understanding
something, e.g. an approach to a subject
The software developer has a new approach to
business software.
The narrow alley is a little-used approach to the
office building.
o3 area vs. site
area [earia]
There is only one caterer in the area that offers
kosher food.
site [sait]
The site for the memorial was changed several
times due to a lack of support .
04 choice vs. option vs. preference
choice [tf:>is]
The restaurant gives you a choice of appetizers
when you order a main.
option [6pfan]
Subscribers have the option of canceling their
subscriptions at any time.
preference [prefarans]
The new restaurant caters to diners with a prefer-
ence for Italian food.
os description vs. information
description [diskripfan]
description (count noun): explanation or instruction
a description of
For a more detailed description of the courses,
please see our website.
information [infarmeifan]
information (non-count noun): facts about a person I event/
situation
information about/ on
For more information about this promotion, please
call this number.
o6 division vs. category vs. faction
division [divi3an]
The corporation has considered closing the un-
profitable automobile division.
category [kretag:ui]
The poetry in the book was divided into several
categories.
faction [frekfanl
The presidential candidate's goal was to unite the
factions within his political party.
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fine [fain]
Drivers who park in no-parking areas are subject
to steep fines.
tariff [ tffi rif]
The government charges a tariff for luxury goods
imported into the country.
expense [ikspens]
It's well worth the expense to invest in top-of-the-
range equipment.
os habit vs. convention
------------------
habit [hrebitJ
make it a habit + to + bare infinitive
The staff should make it a habit to submit reports
on time.
convention [kenvenfan]
It is still the convention in this country for men to
pay for dinner on a date.
og fare vs. fee
fare [fear]
taxi fare
Can you estimate the cab fare from 5th Avenue to
42nd Street?
fee [fi:J
an admission fee
The admission fee for children under eight years
of age is half price.
330 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
10 indication vs. show
indication [indikeifan]
indication of /that-clause: a sign that something exists, is
true, or is likely to happen
There are clear indications that the economy is
beginning to turn around.
show [Jou]
show: an action / way of behaving to express a particular
idea or feeling
The striking workers gathered at the company
headquarters in a show of solidarity.
11 brochure vs. catalog
brochure [brouflir]
brochure: a small magazine that contains pictures and
information on a product / service or a company
travel brochure
Refer to the enclosed brochure when selecting a
suite for the duration of your stay.
catalog [kretal:'>:g]
catalog: a book with a list of all the items that you can buy
or look at
The admission ticket included a catalog of all the
works shown in the exhibition.
survey [sa:rvei]
survey: an examination of opinions / behavior made by
asking people questions
The magazine conducted a survey to obtain
reader feedback.
research [risa:rtJ]
research: a detailed study of a subject in order to discover
information
The latest advertising strategy took into account
the most recent market research findings.
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13 material vs. ingredient - - ~ ~ - - - -
material [matiarial]
A commonly used material in power transmission
lines is aluminum.
ingredient [ingri:diant]
the ingredients of a cake
There are only five ingredients in this simple
recipe for soup.
tour: a short visit to a place when travelling, or a visit to a
factory, a public place when studying
give A a tour of 8
New employees will be given a tour of the com-
pany offices this afternoon.
trip [trip]
The meeting was called to discuss the results of
Ms. Black's business trip.
1s residence vs. venue
residence [rezadans]
Delegates are invited to visit the official residence
of the Prime Minister.
venue [venju:]
venue: the place where an event or meeting takes place
Event coordinators selected the Greyson Exhib-
ition Hall as the official venue.
value [vffilju:]
value: the amount of money which can be received for
something
Store credit will be issued on returned items for
the value of the purchase.
worth [wa:r8]
Worth means value. It also means the amount of money
which something can be sold for. It can be used in the
structure price (possessive case) + worth of + object.
A thousand dollars' worth of merchandise was
stolen from the gift shop.
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Part 5
01 A(n) conducted by a research center
revealed that the majority of online shoppers
are educated and have an annual household
income of $50,000.
(A) survey
(B) summary
(C) addition
(D) copy
02 The International Chamber of Commerce
recently announced that there was an
increasing for online payment
services among consumers.
(A) choice
(B) preference
(C) promotion
(D) reaction
03 Mr. Powell, the new researcher, has requested
to the company's archives to retrieve
the information he needs for a feasibility study.
(A) entrance
(B) pass
(C) access
(D) approach
04 The laboratory's findings showed
that the new line of cosmetics for Dawson
Beauty Products were environmentally
friendly.
(A) survey
(B) question
(C) response
(D) research
05 The customer services staff at Radcliffe
Department Store spends a large of
its time dealing with customers' complaints.
(A) size
(B) section
(C) proportion
(D) number
332 Hackers TOEIC Reading
(9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 To prevent loss of information, staff members
make it a to copy all important
documents.
(A) tradition
(B) hobby
(C) habit
(D) convention
07 A more detailed of our new office
machines is available in our product catalog.
(A) conf irmation
(B) description
(C) inquiry
(D) information
08 The driver of the blue sedan received a heavy
for deliberately driving through a red
light.
(A) fee
(B) fine
(C) damage
(D) dismissal
09 The owner purchased ten thousand dollars'
of party favors for the grand opening
of his posh new restaurant.
(A) much
(B) value
(C) cost
(D) worth
1 0 Market trends are a good that this
will be an ideal year for investments in all
sectors of the market.
(A) record
(B) show
(C) indication
(D) specification
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11 -13 refer to the following letter.
Mark Walter
52 Southern Avenue
Great Falls, Montana 86503
Dear Mr. Walter,
I am writing to inform you that we have been having problems with defective air-conditioning units
in our office. I contacted Coolair Corporation two weeks ago and they sent over a technician.
According to the technician, the units were not installed, so the company would not take
11 (A) properly
(B) urgently
(C) exclusively
(D) valuably
responsibility for any defects in their product.
As a result of the improper installation, several mechanisms in each unit were damaged and had to
be replaced at considerable . The work was completed just yesterday. The total cost of
12 (A) fare
(B) fine
(C) expense
(D) quantity
repair came to 785 dollars, with 365 dollars for and 420 dollars for labor, as the enclosed
13 (A) ingredients
(B) stationery
(C) patterns
(D) materials
invoice shows. I would appreciate it if I could be reimbursed as soon as possible for the full repair
amount.
Sincerely,
Molly Davison
Answers: p. 557
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Chapter 13
Adjectives, Adverbs. with Similar
Meaning _,>
In the TOEIC test, some questions require examinees to fully understand both the meaning
nuance and usage of Engl ish adjectives or adverbs given so as to be able to choose the
correct answer choices.
It is clearly stated in the airline's policy that
the company.
(A) wounded (B) damaged (C) spoiled
Answer: (B)
luggage is in no way the responsibility of
(D) injured
Washington D.C. tourist transit buses regularly dep.art from the East Side Bus Depot for major
monuments, museums, and art galleries. The bus for the Jefferson Memorial leaves hourly
from 8:00a.m. , and the one for the Smithsonian Institution shortly , from 8:10a.m.
transit [trrensit] I regularly [regjularlil/ depart [dip6:rt]/ depot [di:pou]
Answer: (D)
334 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
(A) later (B) already
(C) suddenly (D) thereafter
www.nhantriviet.com
Confusing Adjectives and Adverbs
01 attached vs. connected
attached [atretftl
attached: added into something
attached file
The attached schedule may be subject to last-
minute changes.
connected [kanektid]
connected: joined together or related to each other
The technician said that all the computers in the
room are connected.
02 earl}' vs. previous
early [a:rlil
early: happening before or sooner than the expected time
The company offers early retirement incentives.
previous [pri:vias]
previous: happening before something else
Information from the previous events is available
on the following pages.
o3 following vs. next
following [falouiiJ]
This adjective is used in the structure the following + noun.
When it is a preposition, there is no article the before it.
An open discussion on recent development pre-
sentation will be held on the following week.
next [nekst]
next : being the first one after the present one or after the
one just mentioned
The new contract states that Musso Texti les will
supply fabric to our company next month.
The structure be likely to + bare infinitive is used to
describe something that will probably happen.
The report is likely to be released within the next
week.
possible [pasabll
It is possible to + bare infinitive: able to be done or
achieved
It is possible to protect sensitive information by
installing the latest security software.
os extensive vs. s acious
extensive [ikstensiv]
extensive: covering a large area or having a great range
(esp. about knowledge or products)
We guarantee the most extensive selection of
quality wines in the city.
spacious [speifas]
spacious = roomy
The company provides each executive with a spa-
cious office that overlooks the harbor.
oG apparent vs. visible
apparent [aprerantl
apparent : (a situation, fact, quality, emotion) seeming to
exist but may not be real
In spite of the apparent recession, sales of auto-
mobiles rose this year.
visible [vizabl]
visible: clear, obvious, or noticeable
The company decided to show their soft drink in
the movie in order to make their product more
visible to the general public.
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01 outstanding vs. evident
outstanding [autstffindiiJ]
outstanding: extremely good or impressive
(It also refers to debts that are not yet paid, e.g.
outstanding debts.)
The marketing plan was so outstanding that it was
immediately approved.
evident [evadant]
evident = obvious: easily seen or understood
The participants reacted to the news with evident
disappointment.
os recent vs. current vs. modern vs. new
recent [ri :snt]
recent: happening or starting a short time ago
recent event , recent address
The recent promotion of Mr. Cummings was
completely unexpected.
current [ka:rant]
current: happening or existing now
current news, current employees
Duray Inc. is considering an expansion of its
current facilities to increase productivity.
modern [madarn]
modern: using new styles that are very different from the
styles of the past
The staff was more than happy to move into the
modern headquarters.
new [nju:]
new: recently created, built, invented, or planned
The CEO urged his copywriters to come up with
new advertising ideas.
og prevalent vs. leading
prevalent [prevalant]
prevalent = common: very popular in a particular place or
among a particular group
Lawsuits have become more prevalent in today's
society.
leading [li:diiJ]
leading: (someone/ something) outstanding in a particular
field
The keynote speaker for the engineering confer-
ence is a leading figure in robotic research.
10 reserved vs. preserved
reserved [riza:rvd]
reserved = booked: (a seat, hotel room, etc.) available to
be used only by a particular person or group
Call the travel agent to confirm or change a
reserved seat.
preserved [priza:rvd]
preserved: (something) kept from being damaged
The area contains some excellently preserved
examples of Gothic architecture.
11 unoccupied vs. discarded
unoccupied [Anakjupaid]
unoccupied = empty: (a room, building, seat, etc.) not
being used by anyone
Although the building has been renovated, it
continues to remain unoccupied.
discarded [disk6:rdid]
discarded: (something) thrown away or got rid of
The discarded programs littered the floor of the
main hall after the event.
12 away vs. far
away [awei]
A unit of distance may be put before this adverb.
1 00 miles away from
The City Hall is located one kilometer away from
the Metro Station.
far [fa:r]
A unit of distance cannot be put before far, e.g. be located
10 miles far from the airport is wrongly used.
The company's factory is located far from the
headquarters.
n primarily vs. firstly
primarily [praimeralil
primarily = mainly = chiefly
The new laptop computers are primarily marketed
for business users.
firstly [fa:rstli]
firstly = in the first place (used to list things)
Firstly, Mr. Moore will give a few remarks before
we proceed with the agenda.
14 continually vs. lastingly
continually [kantinjuali]
continually: happening repeatedly /without stopping
The new manager is continually giving orders to
the staff.
lastingly [lffistiiJlil
lastingly: continuing for a long time or forever
Research is being conducted to find a lastingly
effective treatment for the disease.
1s prominently vs. markedly
prominently [pr6manantli]
Prominently: used to describe something that is in a
position in which it is easily seen
Exit signs must be prominently placed on all
floors.
markedly [ma:rkidlil
Markedly: used to describe a change or difference that is
very obvious or noticeable
change markedly
be markedly different
Recent consumer trends are markedly different
from those of the previous generation.
16 dramatically vs. numerously
dramatically [dramffitikali]
Dramatically: used to describe a sudden change
It is commonly used with such verbs as increase, climb,
grow, etc.
Sales are expected to increase dramatically once
prices go down.
numerously [nju:marasli]
numerously: in a large number or quantity
The jazz concert is expected to be numerously
attended.
11 strongly vs. stringently
strongly [str5:IJlil
strongly: in a serious way
The foreman strongly recommends that the
structure's flooring be removed.
stringently [strind3antlil
Stringently: used to describe a regulation / law that is
carried out strictly
Because of the accident, safety rules will likely be
enforced more stringently.
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T E S T
Part 5
01 The parking spaces at the front of the office
building are for the president and
other executives.
(A) controlled
(B) reformed
(C) preserved
(D) reserved
02 The tenth floor office was vacated some two
years ago and has remained ever
since.
(A) unoccupied
(B) concealed
(C) suppressed
(D) discarded
03 Trendy coffee shops are replacing many of the
fast-food spots that were once so in
this town.
(A) leading
(B) prevalent
(C) habitual
(D) foremost
04 The security system allows almost every part
of the building to be monitored by
personnel at a surveillance center.
(A) timelessly
(B) lastingly
(C) continually
(D) movingly
05 Due to an unexpected illness, the executive
officer was forced to submit a letter announc-
ing his retirement.
(A) mature
(B) early
(C) ready
(D) previous
338 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
C9 Time limit: 7 minutes
06 All vehicles manufactured by Corona Motors
are inspected before they are
released for sale on the open market.
(A) stringently
(B) strongly
(C) impartially
(D) equally
07 A downturn in the company's financial
situation forced management to contemplate
carrying out mass employee layoffs.
(A) stable
(B) modern
(C) recent
(D) casual
08 Jerry Mathers, the personnel director at Cleaver
Financial Group, will conduct interviews for
the accounting position week.
(A) following
(B) next
(C) before
(D) later
09 For the past six months, Mr. Patrick has been
working on the accounts of foreign
investors.
(A) firstly
(B) originally
(C) primarily
(D) categorically
1 0 As soon as it became that Ms.
Billingsley would be joining the company
in Los Angeles, human resources started
interviewing applicants to be her personal
assistant.
(A) apparent
(B) visible
(C) notable
(D) substantial
www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following memo.
From: Human Resources
To: All Staff
Subject: New Health Care Scheme
The human resources department is pleased to announce that in an to better
11 (A) objection
(B) effort
(C) opinion
(D) influence
accommodate all employees' medical welfare needs, a new health care scheme has been devised,
taking effect from August 1.
After and thorough research, we have put together our most comprehensive package,
12 (A) spacious
(B) distracted
(C) extensive
(D) occasional
which includes optical and dental care benefits as well as additional regular health services. For
more information, please refer to the new employee manual.
13 (A) attached
(B) joined
(C) connected
(D) matched
Any suggestions or objections should be sent to Zoe Nelson in human resources within the next
two weeks, who will then pass them on to senior management for consideration. If you have any
other questions regarding this matter, do not hesitate to contact the human resources department.
Answers: p. 557
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Features
o Business-related reading comprehension
TOEIC is an English test which measures the everyday English skills of non-native people work-
ing in an international environment. Therefore, TOEIC reading passages involve business-related
settings and situations. All reading passages are generally in the form of business letters, e-mails,
announcements, articles, advertisements, etc.
o Reading comprehension skills
Questions in Part 7 of the TOEIC test aim at testing examinees' skills of reading. Examinees are
required to skim for understanding global ideas and scan for specific information in the reading
passages given. In addition, an ability to draw inferences is also necessary for doing the test of this
kind. You should daily practice to enhance your skills of reading, using not only general English
reading passages but also business-related texts.
Testing Points
Questions on the reading comprehension in the TOEIC test may be divided into five types of ques-
tions which will be presented in Section 1 of this part, and forms of reading passages which will be
presented in Sections 2 and 3 of this part.
Types of questions
Questions in Part 7 of the TOEIC test include such types of questions as overview, information, NOT I
TRUE, inference, and synonym questions.
Forms of passages
Single Passages
Most of the single passages given in Part 7 are short. These reading passages are of different text
types, such as business letters, e-mails, announcements, articles, advertisements, etc.
Double Passages
The last four reading passages in Part 7 are theme-related "paired readings" often known as "double
passages", for example, a business letter and an e-mail, an article and a letter, an advertisement and an
application form, etc.
Question Percentage
The two pie charts below show the percentage of questions on different forms of reading passages.
Instructions 8%
Memorandums 5%
Articles &
Reports 19V
, Non-prose readings 7%
E-mails/ Letters 29%
Non-prose-related
readings 12%
Article-related
readings 22%
E-mail I Letter -related
readings 42%
Notices &
Announcements 15%
Announcement-related
Advertisement-related
readings --'- 16.:...: o/c ..:... o __
[Single Passage] [Double Passage]
342 www.nnantriviet.com
Test-Taking Strategies ,
Step 1: Preview the introductory sentence to identify the form of the passage.
Read the introductory sentence Questions ... refer to the following ... at the beginning of each reading
passage to know what type of reading it is. If there are headings and sub-headings in the passage,
preview them so that you can get an overview of the whole passage.
For double passages, also read the introductory sentence Questions ... refer to the following (passage
1) and (passage 2) to see how the paired readings are related.
Step 2: Read the questions about the passage(s) to decide what types of questions
they are.
By skimming through the questions, you can identify whether they are overview, information, NOT I
TRUE, inference, or synonym questions.
For double passages, also skim through the questions to identify not only which types of questions
they are but which passage each of them refers to.
Step 3: Apply appropriate strategies to deal with each particular type of question.
For an overview question, choose the answer that focuses on the global idea or the gist of the reading
passage(s). For information, NOT /TRUE, inference questions, scan the reading passage(s) to find out
relevant information. For a synonym question, locate the statement where there is the item asked to
choose the correct answer.
For double passages, remember that you must look at both readings to find the answer for at least one
of the questions.
In the TOEIC test , possible answers may use paraphrasing, i. e. a restatement using other words. For
example, reorganize may be rephrased as restructure; zero tolerance for defects may be rephrased
as high-quality standard; e-mail address may be rephrased as contact information. You, thus, should
practice paraphrasing so that you can easily deal with possible questions in the TOEIC Reading test.
www.nhantriviet.com
343
344
Part 7: Example - Singl e Passages
Question 1 refers to the following article. - -----------,
Famed author Dean Forest is well known for his insightful and
humorous stories about international relations. Mr. Forest has
received rave reviews from many prominent literature journals and
has also had three of his books appear on the New York Times
Best Seller List. Mr. Forest will do a reading from his latest collec-
lion of short stories entitled The Bengali in Platforms on Thursday,
June 16 at 7:30 p.m. in the Midland University English department
lounge. For a complete timetable of Dean Forest's appearances,
you can visit his website at www.deforest.com.
01 . According to the article, what information is available
at Mr. Forest's website?
(A) Book prices
(B) Writing tips
(C) Schedule of appearances
(D) List of best-selling books
Step 1: Preview the introductory sentence I
to identify the form of the passage.
n Step 3: Apply appropriate strategies to deal I
with each particular type of question.
i Step 2: Read the question about the pas-
sage to decide what type of question it is.
I
..
.
Part 7: Example - Double Passages
Question 1 refers to the following announcement and e-mail. ~
ANNOUNCEMENT:
We have had an increase in sales at Papyri Inc. over the past few
months. As a result , the volume of calls and e-mails to our de-
partment has also risen. To address this problem, we will be hir-
ing another operator (Joe Martin) and assigning team members
with specific duties. Below is a list of each member and the types
of calls and e-mails they will be dealing with:
~
Brian Chretien Shipping delays/ shipping status
Kimberley Clark Product complaints
Joe Martin Order errors
John Campbell New orders
- --
We hope this will make your jobs easier. Should you have any
questions, call George Mulroney at extension 219.
To: <customerservice@papyri.com>
From: Julia Brockovich <julbrock@ boohoo.com>
Subject: Shipment
I placed an order for 200 binders with our company logo on April
20. The binders were meant for clients at a trade fair I am attend-
Step 1 : Preview the introductory sentence
to identify the form of the passages and
their relation.
I Step 3-2: Apply appropriate strategies to
I deal with each particular type of question.
I
ing at on May 6. Your company said we would receive the ship- Y Step 3-1: Apply appropriate strategies to I
ment within one week, but it still hasn't arrived. I deal with each particular type of question.
I am leaving for the trade fair on May 5 and urgently need these
binders before I leave. Please contact me as soon as possible to
let me know the status of our shipment and when I can expect it
to arrive.
Sincerely,
Julia Brockovich
01 . Who wil l most likely deal with Ms. Brockovich' s complaint? - ---1 Step 2: Read the question about the pas-
( A) Kimberley Clark sages to decide what type of question it is
and which passage it refers to.
(B) Brian Chretien
(C) Joe Martin
(D) John Campbell
346
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www.nhantriviet.com
Section 1
Types of Questions
Chapter 01 - Overview Questions
Chapter 02 - Information Questions
Chapter 03 - NOT /TRUE Questions
Chapter 04 - Inference Questions
Chapter 05 - Synonym Questions
347
Overview questions, also known as gist questions, test examinees' ability to identify the main
idea or purpose of a passage. The main idea or purpose is usually found at the beginning of
the passage, and the supporting ideas or details follow it .
Typical Questions and Useful Tips
Typical Questions
Main idea What is the main topic of the notice?
What does the article mainly discuss?
What is the information about?
Purpose What is the purpose of the letter?
What is the main purpose of this notice?
Why was this memo written?
Why does Ms. Carter write this letter?
Useful Tips
To answer an overview question correctly, you need an overall understanding of the reading passage.
Most reading passages usually start with a topic sentence which states the main idea. You, therefore,
should read the first sentence. Occasionally, the topic sentence may be found in the middle or even at
the end of the passage. In this case, you have to skim through the passage to find out the key point.
=:J Topic
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] t i l
Q: What is the purpose of this article? A: To announce a hiring decision
Q: Why was this letter written? A: To confirm hotel arrangements
348 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www .nha ntriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
01
02
03
04
'
Yesterday our office received the package of book covers you sent on November 3. The order came
to us complete and earl ier than expected. After reviewing the designs, one of our staff will contact
your office to let you know of our choice.
Q. What is the main purpose of this letter?
(A) To select the appropriate cover design
(B) To confirm the receipt of a shipment
(C) To place an order for book covers
Anyone who has ever been to Greece knows that if there is one thing you can always find there, it is
sun. And now the country's Department of Natural Resources is suggesting the nation turn almost en-
tirely to solar power to avoid the economic pitfalls of high oil prices. Recent rises in costs of barrels of
crude oil have left many less developed nations in a state of energy crisis. While some countries lack
the natural energy sources to make up for the loss, Greece is fortunate to be able to utilize its almost
year-round solar power.
L , '
Q. What is the purpose of this article?
(A) To explain Greece's response to the energy crisis
(B) To explore energy options for poor nations
(C) To indicate the benefits of solar energy
Recently I saw your advertisement in the paper for a receptionist at your main office. I would like some
more information regarding the opportunity to work for your company. Please send any pertinent infor-
mation to the address at the top of this letter.
Q. Why was this letter written?
(A) To advertise a job opening
(B) To inquire about employment
(C) To apply for the position
Please be aware that the clean-up we announced last week will take place on the evening of May 1
for Building A. All interior and exterior glass as well as floors, walls and carpets will be cleaned with
toxic chemical agents. Individuals should prepare by putting all their materials into the drawers of their
desks and bringing home any important documents or valuable personal items. Cleaning personnel
are only allowed to move office furniture and appliances. Rest assured that the office will be de-fumi-
gated before anyone is permitted back into the building.
Q. What is the purpose of this memo?
(A) To announce the replacement of old carpets
(B) To remind occupants of moving-in procedures
(C) To ask for cooperation regarding the cleaning
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Paraphrasing Practice
Choose a correct rephrased statement for each reading passage.
05
06
07
08
'
Melrose Bank recently discovered that some clients who signed up for our special banking service
have been paying an additional ATM fee. The second ATM fee will be reimbursed to our clients' ac-
counts next week.
' ' I ' I
(A) Customers of the bank will no longer pay any ATM fees.
(B) The bank will pay cl ients through their bank accounts.
Protect-It zipper-lock plastic bags are effective at protecting anything from the elements. Ordinary
plastic bags cannot keep water out, but Protect-It bags have a patented closure and material design
that prevents moisture from entering the bag.
(A) Protect-It bags can hold large amounts of water.
(B) Protect-It bags are made of water resistant material.
Capital Alliance, Inc. is looking for a degreed accountant or a CPA. The ideal candidate should have
three to five years auditing and accounting experience.
(A) Knowledge of the newest accounting principles is required.
(B) A university diploma is a requirement for the job.
The top two car companies are planning to trim production as the increasing cost of gasoline has
caused a prolonged slump in sales of trucks and cars. Faced with an inventory pile-up, Ace Motors
and Townsend Cars will be cutting production by 15 percent over the next two quarters.
(A) Poor sales are causing top automobile manufacturers to cut production. ;
(B) Reduced production can offset increasing gas prices.
350 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
09
10
11
12
~ o make your stay at the Paradise !Beach Resort a pleasant one, please pay strict attention to our
;rules on cleanliness. Because it is costly and difficult to remove debris and spilled liquids, guests who
'leave their huts dirty will forfeit the $
1
100 key deposit for use of a hut.
I l
(A) Customers will have to put down a deposit in case of damage to the room.
(B) The deposit will not be refunded if the hut is not left clean.
The Wells Community Center is seeking monetary donations to cover the cost of buying computers
.tor children of low-income families in the Wells Community.
(A) Private money will be used to finance the purchase of computers.
(B) Donations of old computers are being requested.
,Cabot Systems in Hong Kong is in the process of acquiring US-based Flexpoint, a multimedia tech-
nology company for mobile phones. Cabot Systems wants to be the dominant supplier for the mobile
industry by using Flexpoint's technologies.
I
(A) Two companies have signed an agreement to produce mobile phones.
(B) Cabot Systems is buying out Flexpoint to gain control of the market.
After having a guest editor supervise. The Journal of Commerce (JOG) for November, soon-to-retire
JOG editor Bill Conley is now accepting applications for the editorship of JOG. Mr. Conley said that he
js having an active hand 1n selecting, his own replacement.
' , '' !
(A) JOG' s editor is seeking his successor.
(B) The guest editor will take over permanently.
Answers: p. 557
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H A C K E R S T E S T
(9 Time limit: 2 minutes
Question 01 refers to the following notice.
To: All Staff
From: Chad Ballmer, Head Technician
Re: Network Upgrade
We regret to inform all staff that as of next week we will be performing net-
work repairs at one of our facilities, which will consequently result in frequent
interruptions to the online system. The network is experiencing difficulties after a
system-wide breakdown that occurred yesterday around 2:34 p.m. Unfort unately,
there is no other option but to service the entire network, which will inevitably
cause temporary inconveniences. The servers themselves will remain up, but will
experience loss of connectivity. This disconnection will occur at the beginning
of the servicing and will last a little more than 2 hours total. The process wil l
consist of two separate sessions, with each session lasting from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m.
During repair, you may experience a slowdown in speed and up to 3 network
outages varying in duration from 10 to 30 minutes. The first session is scheduled
for Friday, January 14. Further notification for the second window will be sent at
least 48 hours in advance. The problem will be completely resolved by the first
week of February. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
01 What is the purpose of this notice?
(A) To remind staff to turn off their computers
(B) To notify staff of a change in management
(C) To notify staff of upcoming system disruptions
(D) To respond to complaints of slow connectivity
352 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
www.nhantriviet.com
Question 02 refers to the following schedule and e-mail.
To: Norman Salisbury, Water Resource Management Consulting Ltd.
From: George J. Soap, St. Lukes Business Association
Subject: Energy Conference
Dear Mr. Salisbury:
Sorry you were not able to make it yesterday. Here is a brief overview of what you missed, along
with my own thoughts on the matter. We heard that by the end of the decade, our demand for elec-
tricity will be about 3,000 MW, but that we have a present generating capacity of 2,400 MW. This
means we face at a 20 percent shortfall in seven years. The least expensive solution for this problem
would be constructing a 500 MW hydroelectric dam on the St. Lukes River, at a projected cost of
$250 million.
Jonathan Lee, however, noted that thousands of acres of forest habitat for wild animals and plants
would be lost beneath the waters of the dam's reservoir. This convinced me that the environmental
impact of a hydro dam does need to be taken into account. My recommendation is that we consider
other kinds of energy generation, especially wind power projects, before we make the decision to
build a hydro dam.
Regards,
George J. Soap
02 What is the purpose of the e-mail?
(A) To report on plans to develop the forestry industry
(B) To ask a question about the environment
(C) To request technical details on a wind farm project
(D) To explain the contents of a conference Answers: p. 557
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The most common question type in reading comprehension is information questions which
ask about specific information in a passage. This type of questions accounts for 60 percent
of Part 7 of the TOEIC Reading test.
Typical Questions and Useful Tips
Typical Questions
When When will Mr. Thomson give his presentation?
Where Where will the conference be held?
Who Who should be contacted for registration?
What What will take place on the first day of the conference?
Why Why does the owner thank the employees?
How How can memberships be obtained?
Useful Tips
1. Read the questions and identify the question word and key words in each question.
Example: Who should be contacted for registration?
Question word: Who, key words: contact , registration
2. Scan the passage to locate and find the relevant information. Sometimes, you should pay closer
attention since the answer choice and the information in the passage do not look the same
because of the use of paraphrasing.
Q: Why did the apartments close down? A: Because of an inadequate number of tenants
354 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
01
02
03
f I
The International Journal of Financ,e presented its "Best New Hotel" award to the Grand Ching Hotel
.' in Beijing for its mixture of modern design and traditional decor. Two other hotels nominated for the
award were the Stanley Hotel in Vancouver and the Orchid Terrace in Bangkok. The award was pre-
' sented to the hotel that best served business travelers' needs and offered the highest standards of
and . .: , .. j , .
Q. Which hotel won the award?
(A) Stanley Hotel
(B) Orchid Terrace
(C) Grand Ching Hotel
' I
! We greatly regret the delay of product delivery. Our factory is currently experiencing labor shortages
due to a number of r.ecent strikes. ! Consequently, there are fewer employees to sort and send pack-
.' ages. Although I c,an't give an date, I can assure you that your package will arrive within two
weeks. Please accept our sincere apology and thank you for your patience.
i- ..
.....
Grammar
Section 1 Basic Sentence Elements
Chapter 01 Subjects, Verbs
I 01 Subjects
1.(A) 2. (C) 3. (D)
p. 43 1
02 Dummy Subject It p. 44
1. (D) 2. {A) 3. (B)
03 Dummy Subject There p. 45
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)
I 04 Verbs
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C)
p. 46 1
05 Number I Tense I Voice of a Verb
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A)
06 Verbs in the Imperative
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C)
Hackers Practice
01 worked
03 varies
02 completion
04 Reducing
06 It
p. 47
p. 48
p. 49
05 comprise
07 be sent 08 Efficient ..... Efficiency
09 completes ..... completed 10 asks ..... ask
11 Correct 12 There ..... It
13 estimation -+ estimates 14 locate -. location
Hackers Test p. 50
Part 5
01 (C) 02 (C) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (A)
L06 (C) 07 (D) 08 (B) 09 (C) 10 (C)
11 (B) 12 (B) 13 (A) 14 (B) 15 (B)
16 (B) 17 (A) 18 (D) 19(D) 20 (B)
Part 6
{B)
22 (C) 23 (A)
Chapter 02 Objects, Complements
I 01 Objects
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)
p. 53 1
02 Dummy Object It p. 54
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B)
fo3 Complements
I 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)
04 Noun Complements vs.
Complements p. 56
l 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B)
Hackers Practice
01 complete
03 proud
05 informed
02 maturity
04 amazement
06 confirmation
p. 57
07 operational 08 provide -+ to provide
09 convenience-+ convenient 10 lay-+ to lay
11 help-+ helpful
13 wisdom -+ wise
Hackers Test
Part5
01 (B) 02 (A)
06 (C) 07 (D)
11 (B) 12 (A)
16 (D) 17 (D)
Part 6
21 (C) 22 (A)
Chapter 03 Modifiers
03 (A)
08 (C)
13 (D)
18 (C)
23 (A)
12 Correct
14 Correct
04 (B)
09 (B)
14(A)
19 (D)
05 (C)
10 (D)
15(A)
20 (A)
p. 58
I 01 Modifiers p. 61 J
2._(B_) _ 3_. (_A) ____ __j
Jo2 Modifying Phrases, Modifying Clauses
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D)
544 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Hackers Practice
01 In spite of a scheduling conflict
02 purchasing less than ten items
03 whose topic dealt with working relationships
04 who is diligent, trustworthy, and self-motivated
05 from the assembly line
06 for using funds without proper permission
07 While Dan waited in the office lobby
08 of 09 to resolve
10 even though
12 Because
14 during
Hackers Test
Part 5
11 working
13 which
p. 63
p. 64
01 (B) 02 (D) 03 (C) 04 (A) 05 (B)
06 (A) 07 (C) 08 (C) 09 (D) 10 (A)
11 (B) 12 (D) 13 (C) 14(C) 15 (B)
16 (C) 17 (B) 18 (D) 19 (C) 20 (A)
Part 6
21 (C) 22 (A) 23 (B)
Section 2 Verb-Related Structures
Chapter 04 Forms and Types of English Verbs
/o1 Modal I Auxiliary Verb + Bare Infinitive p. 69]
l 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B)
02 Auxiliary Verb Be/Have+ Participle Form p. 70
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (D)
----------'
I 03 Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs
p. 71
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B)
04 Bare Infinitives in That-Clauses --;721
1.(D) 2.(B) 3.(C) ---
---
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Hackers Practice p. 73 Hackers Practice p. 81
01 accept 02 receive 01 were 02 are
03 speak 04 be 03 Many 04 were
05 would like 06 oppose 05 are 06 banks
07 mention 08 turned .-. turn 07 is 08 is ... are
09 has apply ... has applied 10 will submit .-. submit 09 pays ... pay 10 Correct
11 held ... be held 12 accepts -+ accept 11 warn .... warns 12 Uniform-+ Uniforms
13 compile-+ compiling 14 to remain -+ remain 13 Correct 14 are ... is
Hackers Test p. 74 Hackers Test p.82
Part'5
Part 5
01 (B) 02 (C) 03 (C) 04 (B) 05 (A) 01 (D) 02 (C) 03 (C) 04 (A) 05 (A)
06 (D) 07 (C) 08 (C) 09 (C) 10 (B) 06 (C) 07 (A) 08 (D) 09 (A) 10 (A)
11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (C) 14(A) 15 (C)
' 11 (C)
12 (C) 13 (D) 14 (A) 15 (C)
16 (D) 17 (C) 18 (B) 19 (D) 20 (C) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (A) 19 (B) 20 (A)
Part 6 Part 6
21 (A) 22 (D) 23 (B)
.
22 (C)
: ....... ,.. '- 2,3
Chapter 05 Subject-Verb Agreement Chapter 06 Tenses
01 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number p. 77
01 Present/ Past/ Future Simple Tense p. 85
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B) 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
L' Subject-Verb Agreement with Expressions
'J
02 Present/Past/Future Progressive Tense
-1
of Quantity
1.(C) 2. (B) 3. (C)
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D)
03 Present / Past / Future Perfect Tense p. 87
03 Subject-Verb Agreement with Coordinating
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (D)
and Correlative Conjunctions
p. 79
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A}
04 Agreement in Tense
3
L t(C)
2. (C) 3. (B)
04 Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses p.80
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A)
Hackers Practice
01 read
02 attended
03 had damaged
04 retired
05 will double
06 believe
07 will be
08 makes
09 has been
10 needs
11 by the time
12 since
13 at the moment
14 usually
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (C) 02 (D) 03 (C) 04 (C)
06 (A) 07 (D) 08 (B) 09 (C)
11 (C) 12 (B) 13 (C) 14(A)
16 (C) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (A)
Part 6
21 (D) 22 (B) 23_(D)
Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice
dentifying Active/ Passive Sentences
. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D)
------
02 Passive Voice of Verbs in Sentence
Structures 4 and 5
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B)
p. 89
p. 90
05 (B)
10(B)
15 (A)
20 (B)
p. 93
p. 94
03 Active and Passive Voices of Perception Verbs p. 95
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (D)
04 Expressions of the Passive Form
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (C)
p. 961
----
546 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Hackers Practice
p. 97
01 implied
02 are expected
03 rejected
04 frustrated
05 have painted
06 will take
07 excited
08 relating __, related
09 Correct
1 0 offered __, was offered
11 made __, is made
12 wearing __, to wear
13 has granted .... has been
14 Correct
granted
Hackers Test
p.98
Part 5
01 (C) 02 (A) 03 (C) 04 (B) 05 (D)
06 (D) 07 (C) 08 (B) 09 (D) 10(C)
11 (D) 12 (B) 13 (A) 14 (B) 15 (D)
16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (C) 20 (C)
Part 6
3
2
., ...... _... .
Chapter 08 Subjunctives
01 Future I Past I Past Perfect I Mixed
Subjunctive p. 101
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)
02 Other Structures of Subjunctives
p. 102 1
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D)
Hackers Practice
01 have saved
03 be
05 would
07 have missed
09 would not be
11 would have been
13 had finished
02 could
04 have taken
06 used
08 had applied
10 had asked
12 had bought
p. 103
14 should have been
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Hackers Test p. 104
Part 5
01 (A) 02 (D) 03 (A) 04 (B) 05 (C)
06 (B) 07 (D) 08 (B) 09 (C) 10 (A)
11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (A) 14 (C) 15 (D)
16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (D) 20 (C)
Part 6
21 (C) 22 (A) 23 (B)
Secti on 3 Verbals
Chapter 09 To-infinitives
01 Forms of To-infinitives and Their Subjects p. 109
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)
02 Functions of To-infinitives p. 110
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (A)
03 Verbs/Nouns/ Adjectives Followed by a
To-infinitive p. 111
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D)
04 Bare Infinitives as Object Complements p. 112
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A)
Hackers Practice p. 113
01 to win 02 customize
03 to type 04 influence
05 to proceed 06 delivered
07 to improve 08 signing -+ to sign
09 Correct 1 0 start -+ to start
11 do-+ done 12 willing .... willing to
13 Correct 14 attract .... to attract
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (A) 02 (B) 03 (C) 04 (C)
06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (B) 09 (C)
11 (C) 12 (B) 13 (A) 14 (C)
16 (C) 17 (B) 18 (B) 19(D)
Part 6
21 (D) 22 (B) 23 (C)
Chapter 10 Gerunds
01 Functions, Forms of Gerunds and Their
Subjects
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B)
02 Verbs Followed by a Gerund
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C)
03 Gerunds vs. Nouns
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C)
04 Common Expressions with Gerunds
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (D)
Hackers Practice
01 working 02 to give
03 wording 04 working
05 effectiveness 06 raising
p. 114
05 (B)
10 (A)
15 (C)
20 (A)
p. 117
p. 118
p. 119
p. 120
p. 121
07 wondering 08 take -+ taking /to take
09 Correct 10 obtain-+ obtaining
11 to talk -+ talking 12 know -+ knowing
13 Correct 14 help .... helping
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (D) 02 (C) 03 (C) 04 (B)
06 (D) 07 (D) 08 (B) 09 (D)
11 (B) 12 (B) 13 (D) 14 (B)
16 (C) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19 (B)
Part 6
21 (D) 22 (B)
23 (B) '
Chapter 11 Participles
01 Functions of Participles
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C)
02 Participial Phrases
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)
03 Present Participles vs. Past Participles
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B)
04 Confusing Expressions
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C)
Hackers Practice
01 reserving
03 written
021asting
04 welcoming
06 interested
p. 122
05 (B)
10 (C)
15 (A)
20 (B)
p. 125
p. 126
p. 127
p. 128
p. 129
05 dampening
07 locked
09 Correct
08 served .... serving
10 Felt .... Feeling
11 update -+ updated 12 Correct
13 providing .... provided 14 missed-+ missing
S48 Hackers TOEIC Readi ng
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (D) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (C)
06 (D) 07 (C) 08 (A) 09 (B)
11 (C) 12 (D) 13 (B) 14(C)
16 (D) 17 (D) 18 (A) 19(A)
Part 6
21 (D)
~ .22 (B)
23 (B)
Section 4 Parts of Speech
Chapter 12 Nouns
01 Positions of Nouns
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (D)
02 Count Nouns vs. Non-Count Nouns
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D)
03 Determiners and Nouns
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C)
04 Concrete Nouns vs. Abstract Nouns
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B)
05 Compound Nouns
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C)
06 Common Nouns in TOEIC
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D)
p. 130
05 (C)
10 (B)
15 (D)
20 (C)
p. 135
p. 136
p. 137
p. 138
p. 139 I
I
p. 140
Hackers Practice
01 commitment
03 production
05 health
07 attendance
09 application -+ applicant
11 supervisor -+ supervision
12 traveling -+ traveler
13 occupancy -+ occupation
14 beneficiaries ..... benefits
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (D) 02 (D) 03 (C)
06(A) 07 (D) 08 (B)
11 (A) 12 (D) 13 (D)
16 (A) 17(A) 18{A)
Part 6
21 (C) 22 (B) 23 (C)
Chapter 13 Pronouns
p. 141
02 responsibility
04 likelihood
06 expiration
08 locate -+ location
10 developer -+
development
p. 142
04 (B) 05 (B)
09 (A) 10 (C)
14 (D) 15 (C)
19 (C) 20 (B)
01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns,
Possessive Adjectives p. 145
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
02 Reflexive Pronouns p. 146
2. (A) 3. (C)
I 03 Demonstrative Pronouns, Demonstrative
Adjectives p. 147
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) _j
-------
1
4 Indefinite Pronouns/Adjectives (1): One,
Another, Other
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
oan111U.1
05 Indefinite Pronouns/Adjectives (2): Some/
Any, No/None, Most p. 149
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A)
I 06 Agreement between Nouns and Pronouns/
Possessive Adjectives
p. 150 I
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A)
Hackers Practice p. 151
01 their 02 those
03 your 04 another
05 herself 06 him
07 those 08 he-+ they
09 its -+ their 10 our-+ its
11 them-+ it 12 its -+ their
13 its-+ our 14 themselves -+ them
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (A) 02 (D) 03 (D) 04 (B)
06 (B) 07 (D) 08 (B) 09 (C)
11 (C) 12 (B) 13 (B) 14 (B)
16 (A) 17 (D) 18 (D) 19 (C)
, Part 6
21 (A) 22 (A) 23 (D)
Chapter 14 Adjectives
01 Positions of Adjectives
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (A)
---
I 02 Quantifiers as Adjectives and Indefinite
Pronouns
1.(C) 2. (A) 3. (C)
L_ _______ ___
03 Confusing Adjectives
1
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D)
p. 152
05 (A)
10 (D)
15 (C)
20 (B)
p. 1571
Answers - 549
04 Expressions with Be + Adjective
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C)
Hackers Practice
01 respective
03 every
05 continued
02 successive
04 comparable
06 much
p. 158
p. 159
07 considerate 08 economical -+economic
09 permanently -+ permanent
1 0 fewer -+ less
11 like -+ likely
12 difference -+ different
13 understandable-+ understanding
14 locally .... local
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (C) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (D)
06 (B) 07 (C) 08 (A) 09 (B)
11 (A) 12 (A) 13 (B) 14 (C)
16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (A)
Part 6
21 (D) 22 (C) 23 (C)
Chapter 15 Adverbs
p. 160
05 (D)
10 (D)
15 (A)
20 (D)
01 Functions and Positions of Adverbs p. 163
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C)
02 Confusing Adverbs p. 164
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C)
03 Adverbs of Time p. 165
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)
04 Adverbs of Frequency
p. 166
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C)
550 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
05 Connecting Adverbs p. 167
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
06 Emphasizing Adverbs (1) p. 168
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C)
07 Emphasizing Adverbs (2) p. 169
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A)
08 Other Adverbs p. 170
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B)
Hackers Practice
p. 171
01 yet 02 so
03 too much 04 otherwise
05 very 06 also
07 right 08 wide -+ widely
09 closely .... close 10 Correct
11 impartiality -+ impartially 12 final .... finally
13 Correct 14 substantial -+
substantially
Hackers Test p. 172
Part 5
01 (B) 02 (C) 03 (C) 04 (C) 05 (B)
06 (A) 07 (D) 08 (A) 09 (D) 10(A)
11 (D) 12 (A) 13 (A) 14 (B) 15 (B)
16 (A) 17 (C) 18 (B) 19 (D) 20 (B)
Part 6
21 (C) 22 (D) 23 (A)
Chapter 16 Prepositions
01 Preposition In I At /On p. 175
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (C)
02 Prepositions of Time
p. 176
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B)
www.nhantriviet.com
t
03 Prepositions of Place
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B)
04 Prepositions of Direction
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)
os Prepositions of Reason, Concession,
Purpose, Exception, and Addition
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A)
06 Preposition Of and Others
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A)
07 Other Prepositions
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D)
p. 177
p. 178
p. 179
p. 180
p. 181
08 Common Expressions Formed by Verb I Adjective I
Noun+ Preposition p. 182
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B)
Hackers Practice
01 over
03 of
05 Despite
07 Aside from
09 on --+ in
11 Until __, After
13 to--+ for
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (C)
06 (B)
11 (D)
16 (D)
Part 6
02 (B)
07 (A)
12 (C)
17 (B)
02 Due to
04 during
06 throughout
08 on--+ at
10 Correct
12 for__, of
14 since--+ by
03 (D) 04 (C)
08 (C) 09 (D)
13 (A) 14 (C)
18 (C) 19 (C)
p. 183
p. 184
05 (B)
10 (C)
15(A)
20 (A)
21 . .. .,,. 23 .. ; . " """',
Section 5 Conjunctions and Clauses
Chapter 17 Coordinating Conjunctions,
Correlative Conjunctions
01 Coordinating Conjunctions
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D)
02 Correlative Conjunctions
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C)
Hackers Practice
01 and 02 but
03 or 04 and yet
05 for 06 and
p. 189
p. 190
p. 191
07 and so 08 not only __, both
09 neither --+ not 10 and--+ but
11 both --+ either 12 or--+ nor
13 yet --+ and 14 also__, or
Hackers Test p. 192
Part 5
01 (C) 02 (D) 03 (D) 04 (A) 05 (B)
06 (A) 07 (D) 08 (C) 09 (B) 10 (C)
11 (A) 12 (C) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (B)
16 (D) 17 (D) 18 (C) 19 (A) 20 (B)
Part 6
21 (C) 22 (D) 23 (C)
Chapter 18 Noun Clauses
01 Positions of Noun Clauses p. 195
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C)
02 Noun Clauses Introduced by That p. 196
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B)
03 Noun Clauses Introduced by If/Whether p. 197
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C)
04 Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative
Word
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A)
r--------
05 Noun Clauses Introduced by a Compound
Relative Pronoun
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C)
06 Distinguishing between What and That
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A)
Hackers Practice
01 that
03 that
05 Whoever
07 that
02 which
04 whether
06 what
p. 198
p. 200
p. 201
08 when the time is right to make a change - object
of a verb
09 How the company manages to stay afloat with all
its debt - subject
10 what roads had been blocked due to the accident
- object of a preposition
11 what the receptionists have requested numerous
times ..... subject complement
12 that quality service should be provided to everyone
..... appositive
13 why 1 0 percent of profit must go to pension funds
- object of a verb
14 that some exports will have to be cut back because
of inventory shortages ..... subject complement
Hackers Test p. 202
552 Hackers TOEIC Read1ng
j
Chapter 19 Relative Clauses
I 01 Positions and Functions of Relative Clauses p. 2os l
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D)
02 Relative Pronouns
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)
I 03 Usage of Relative Pronouns
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B)
04 Relative Adverbs
1. (A) 2. (B)
Hackers Practice
01 which
03 whose
05who
07 whose
3. (D)
-----------'
02 who
04 that
06 which
p. 208
p. 209
08 where - which/that
09 is directed ..... are directed 10 having ..... has
11 when ..... which/that 12 that ..... which
13 them ..... which 14 Correct
Hackers Test
p. 210
Part 5
01 (A) 02 (D) 03 (B) 04 (C) 05 (C)
06 (C) 07 (A) 08 (B) 09 (B) 10 (C)
11 (D) 12 (B) 13 (A) 14 (A) 15 (C)
16 (C) 17 (B) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (C)
Part 6
~ ~ 1 C )
22 (A) 23 (D)
Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses
01 Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses p. 213
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D)
www nh mtrM 1 r t,rr
1
02 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Time
p. 214
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)
1
03 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Condition
and Concession p. 215
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D)
04 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Reason,
Purpose, Result, Exception and Others p. 216
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A)
I
05 Compound Relative Adverbs / Pronouns p. 217
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C)
I
106 Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions p. 21sl
l 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D)
Hackers Practice
01 As
03 until
05 in case
07 so that
09 Despite -+ Although
11 although --+ because
13 while --+ because
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (D) 02 (A) 03 (D)
06 (D) 07 (C) 08 (C)
11 (D) 12 (C) 13 (B)
16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (A)
Part 6
21 (y) 22 (A)
~ ~ ~ J 9
02 Although
04 Even though
06 if
p. 219
08 even -+ even though
10 during -+ while
12 as soon .... as soon as
14 unless when -+ unless
p. 220
04 (D) 05 (C)
09 (B) 10 (B)
14 (C) 15 (D)
19 (B) 20 (C)
Section 6 Special Structures
Chapter 21 Comparison
[ 01 Comparison of Equality
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C)
p. 225 1
02 Comparative p. 226
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (C)
03 Superlative p. 227
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (D)
04 Other Structures of Comparison
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)
Hackers Practice
01 than
03 often
05 by far
07 just
02 more easily
04 No sooner
06 than
p. 229
08 more --+ the more
09 to --+ as 10 more -+ most
11 economically --+ economical 12 when --+ than
13 much -+ many 14 high--+ higher
Hackers Test p. 230
Part 5
01 (B) 02 (D) 03 (A) 04 (C) 05 (D)
06 (B) 07 (A) 08 (D) 09 (B) 10 (C)
11 (D) 12 (C) 13 (C) 14 (A) 15 (B)
16 (D) 17 (B) 18 (D) 19 (C) 20 (A)
Part 6
.. 21 (B)
22 (D) 23 (C)
Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion
101 Parallelism
l 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
p. 233 1
02 Inversion
1. (B) 2. (D)
Hackers Practice
01 durable
03 stretching
05 Should
07 reliable
09 Correct
11 train -+ training
13 satisfactory -+
satisfaction
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (B) 02 (A)
06 (D) 07 (C)
11 (D) 12 (D)
16 (A) 17 (C)
Part 6
21 (B) 22 (D)
Vocabulary
3. (A)
02 Seldom
04 distribute
06 understand
p. 234
p. 235
08 encourage -+ encouragement
10 Have -+ Had
12 turn -+ turns
14 Correct
p. 236
03 (C) 04 (C) 05 (D)
08 (D) 09 (A) 10 (B)
13 (A) 14 (B) 15 (C)
18 (D) 19 (A) 20 (D)
23 (C)
Section 1 Collocations
Chapter 01 Collocations with Prepositions
Hackers Practice
p. 247
01 by 02 with
03 effect 04 comparison
05 of 06 above all
07 observance 08 on
09 honor 10 at
11 for 12 in particular
13 more 14 upon
15 out of 16 request
17 from 18 with
19 on 20 convenience
554 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Hackers Test
p. 248
Chapter 02 Collocations wi th Adjectives
Hackers Practice p. 253
01 of 02 dedicated
03 to 04 irrelevant
05 to 06 superior
07 with 08 made
09 from 10 of
11 for 12 in
Hackers Test p. 254
Chapter 03 Collocations with Verbs 11 I
Hackers Practice p. 259
01 by 02 from
03 with 04 return
05 on 06 of
07 in 08 to
09 for 10 assigned
11 entitled 12 as
13 to 14 to
15 with 16 drape
17 in
www.nhantriviet.com
Hackers Test
Chapter 04 Collocations with Verbs (2)
Hackers Practice
01 short 02 advantage
03 effect 04 in for
05 care 06 in
07 to 08 look
09 up 10 for
11 up on 12 utmost
Hackers Test
Chapter 05 Collocations with Nouns
Hackers Practice
01 exposure
03 of
05 of
07 participants
09 for
11 over
02 overhead
04 Maximum
06 in
08 on
10 of
12 concerning
p. 260
p. 265
p. 266
p. 271
Hackers Test
p. 272
Chapter 06 Other Collocations
Hackers Practice
p. 277
01 instantly 02 seriously
03 wage 04 unlimited
05 offers 06 extremely
07 informed 08 catch
09 extreme 10 cautiously
11 interest 12 finished
13 visual 14 inherently
15 needs 16 full
17 upcoming 18 raise
Hackers Test
p. 278
Section 2 Content Words
Chapter 07 Verbs
Hackers Practice
p. 288
01 tend 02 organize
03 cause 04 visit
05 expected 06 consider
07 use 08 includes
09 predicts 10 decline
11 complete 12 introduced
13 examine 14 expand
151abor 16 avoid
17 reminded
19 offer
Hackers Test
Part 5
01 (C) 02 (B)
06 (C) 07 (C)
11 (B) 12 (C)
16 (D) 17 (A)
Part 6
18 fit
20 insert
03 (A) 04 (D)
08 (A) 09 (D)
13 (D) 14 (D)
18 (B) 19 (C)
21 (A) . 22 (D) : 23 .(D) .
..... .. ... ..,.
Chapter 08 Nouns
Hackers Practice
01 developments 02 advice
03 appreciation 04 attire
05 commerce 06 damage
07 development 08 exception
09 lecture 10 apparel
11 responsibility 12 envelope
p. 289
05 (A)
10 (A)
15 (C)
20 (B)
p. 298
13 improvement 14 inconvenience
15 extinction 16 collection
17 slowdown 18 minimum
19 neutrality
Hackers Test
p. 299
Part 5
01 (B) 02 (D) 03 (B) 04 (D) 05 (C)
06 (C) 07 (B) 08 (A) 09 (B) 10 (D)
11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14 (A) 15 (B)
16 (A) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (C) 20 (B)
Part 6
21 (B), 22 (A) 23 (D)
556 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
Chapter 09 Adjectives
Hackers Practice
p. 308
01 increasing 02 popular
03 worth 04 reasonable
05 confident 06 unexpected
07 coming 08 perishable
09 existing 10 pleased
11 complimentary 12 rich
Hackers Test
p. 309
Part 5
01 (D) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (B) 05 (A)
06 (D) 07 (D) 08 (C) 09 (B) 10 (D)
11 (D) 12(C) 13 (B) 14(A) 15 (C)
16 (A) 17 (B) 18(D) 19 (A) 20 (C)
Part 6
,_21 (C)
. l?JB)
23 (D)
,:;. ,,k.:SiiJ\
Chapter 1 0 Adverbs
Hackers Practice
p. 317
01 late 02 presently
03 especially 04 separately
05 initially 06 frequently
07 Presumably 08 securely
09 once 10 finally '
11 regularly 12 Apparently
13 equally 14 well
15 widely
Hackers Test
p.318
Part 5
01 (B) 02 (B) 03 (D) 04 (A) 05 (C)
06 (C) 07 (D) 08 (D) 09 (C) 10 (A)
Part 6
,1,! (B)
'"' 12(D)
www .n hantriv1et.com
3 Content Words with Similar
Meaning
Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning
Hackers Test
Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning
Hackers Test
Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar
Meaning
Hackers Test
p. 326
p. 332
p. 338
Reading
Section 1 Types of Questions
Chapter 01 Overview Questions
Hackers Practice
p. 349
Reading Practice
01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (C)
Paraphrasing Practice
05 (B) 06 (B) 07 (B) 08 (A) 09 (B)
10(A) 11 (B) 12 (A)
Hackers Test
p. 352
01 (C) 02 (D)
Chapter 02 Information Questions
Hackers Practice
p. 355
Reading Practice
01 (C) 02 (A) 03 (A)
Paraphrasing Practice
04 (B) 05 (A) 06 (A) 07 (B) 08 (B)
09 (A) 10 (B) 11 (B)
Hackers Test
p. 358
Chapter 03 NOT I TRUE Questions
Hackers Practice
p. 361
Reading Practice
01 (C) 02 (A) 03 (B)
Paraphrasing Practice
04 (B) 05 (A) 06 (A) 07 (B) 08 (B)
09 (A) 10 (B) 11 (A)
An<wPr<
Hackers Test
p. 364
Section 2 Single Passages
01 (C) 02 (B) 03 (B) Chapter 06 E-mails I Letters
Hackers Practice
p. 387
Reading Practice
Chapter 04 Inference Questions
01 (B) 02 (B) 03 (A)
Hackers Practice
p. 367
Reading Practice
Hackers Test
p. 388
01 (C) 02 (A) 03 (A)
01 (B) 02 (C) 03 (D) 04 (A)
Paraphrasing Practice
04 (A) 05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (B) 08 (A)
09 (B) 10 (A) 11 (B)
Chapter 07 Advertisements
Hackers Test
p. 370
Hackers Practice
p. 393
01 (C) 02 (A) 03 (C)
Reading Practice
01 (C) 02 (A) 03 (C)
Chapter 05 Synonym Questions
Hackers Test
p. 394
Hackers Practice
p.378
01 (C) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (B) 05 (D)
01 (A) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (A)
06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (B) 09 (A) 10 (A)
11 (B) 12 (A) 13 (A) 14 (B) 15 (A)
Chapter 08 Notices & Announcements
16 (A) 17 (B) 18 (A) 19 (A) 20 (B)
21 (A) 22 (B) 23 (B) 24 (B) 25 (A) Hackers Practice
p. 399
26 (B) 27 (A) 28 (B) 29 (B) 30 (A)
31 (A) 32 (A) 33 (B) 34 (A) 35 (A)
36 (B) 37 (A) 38 (B) 39 (A) 40 (B)
Reading Practice
01 (A) 02 (B) 03 (C)
41 (A) 42 (A) 43 (B) 44 (A) 45 (A)
46 (B) 47 (A) 48 (A) 49 (B) 50 (B)
51 (A) 52 (B) 53 (A) 54 (A) 55 (A)
Hackers Test
p. 400
56 (A) 57 (A) 58 (B) 59 (A) 60 (A)
, 01 (D) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (B) 05 (D)
&06 (C) '
I, vw "'
Hackers Test
p. 380
01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (C)
Chapter 09 Articles & Reports
Hackers Practice
p. 405
Reading Practice
01 (C) 02 (B) 03 (B)
558 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
www.nhantriviet.com
Hackers Test
p. 406
Section 3 Double Passages
01 (B) 02 (D) 03 (D) 04 (B) 05 {C) Chapter 13 E-mail I Letter-Related Readings
06 \D) 07 (B)
Hackers Practice
p. 429
Reading Practice
Chapter 10 Memorandums
01 (B) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (C)
Hackers Practice
p. 411
Hackers Test
p. 430
Reading Practice
01 (C) 02 (B) 03 (B)
01 (A) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (B) 05 (D)
06 (B) 07 (A) 08 (B) 09 (C) 10 (B)
Hackers Test
p. 412
01 (D) 02 (B) 03 (C) 04 (A) 05 (B) Chapter 14 Advertisement-Related Readings
Hackers Practice
p.435
Reading Practice
Chapter 11 Information
01 (C) 02 (C) 03 (B) 04 (C)
Hackers Practice
p. 417
Reading Practice
Hackers Test
p.436
01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (C)
01 (A) 02 (B) 03 (D) 04 (A) 05 (B)
06 (D) 07 (C) 08 (B) 09 (B) 10 (C)
Hackers Test
p. 418
Chapter 15 Announcement-Related Readings
Hackers Practice
p. 441
Chapter 12 Non-Prose Readings
Reading Practice
Hackers Practice
p.423
02 (B) 03 (A) 04 (B) 01 (B)
Reading Practice
01 (B) 02 (C) 03 (B)
Hackers Test
p. 442
01 (B) 02 (D) 03 (A) 04 (B) 05 (B)
Hackers Test
p.424
06 (B) 07 (C) 08 (C) 09 (A) 10 (C)
01 (D) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (C) 05 (D)
A................ ccn
Chapter 16 Article-Related Readings
168 (D) 169 (A) 170 (B) 171 (D) 172 (A)
173 (B) 174 (B) 175 (A) 176 (A) 177 (D)
Hackers Practice
p. 447 178 (B) 179 (C) 180 (D) 181 (C) 182 (B)
Reading Practice
01 (B) 02 (C) 03 (C) 04 (B)
183 (C) 184 (B) 185 (C) 186 (D) 187 (B)
188 (A) 189 (D) 190 (D) 191 (B) 192 (B)
193 (C) 194 (C) 195 (D) 196 (C) 197 (C)
198 (C) 199 (A) ,200 (B)
Hackers Test
p. 448
m ~ m ~ o o ~ ~ ~ ~
06 (B) 07 (D) 08 (A) 09 (B) 10 (D)
,..
Actual Test 2
Chapter 17 Non-Prose-Related Readings
Hackers Practice
p. 453
Reading Practice
01 (A) 02 (A) 03 (C) 04 (B)
Hackers Test
p. 454
01 (Dj 02 (C) 03 (B) 04 (B) 05 (A)
06 (B) 07 (C) 08 (A) 09 (B) 10 (C)
Actual Test 1
560 - Hackers TOEIC Reading
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