Earthquake Resistant Design & Detailing Requirements for Steel Elements

Dr. Maguid H.M. Hassan Ext. 1413 Email: mhassan@bue.edu.eg

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

OUTLINE
Seismic Behavior of Steel Systems Design Requirements & Detailing
Beams Columns Connections

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Seismic Behaviour of Steel Elements

Seismic behaviour of steel elements is affected by:
Instability Ductility Connections Interactions with other elements

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Seismic Behaviour of Steel Elements

Structural steel systems suitable for earthquake resistance:
Moment resisting frames Tube Structures Structural Walls Concentrically & Eccentrically Braced Frames Hybrid Structures

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Seismic Behaviour of Steel Elements

Design Criteria should reflect the following:
Beams failing first Suppress instability to allow needed ductility Appropriate ductility ratio should be achieved

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Seismic Behaviour of Steel Elements

Steel Grade Used should satisfy the following:
Adequate ductility Consistent Mechanical Properties Notch ductility No Laminations Lamellar Tearing Weldability

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Seismic Behaviour of Steel Elements

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Beams

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Beams: Monotonic Vs. Cyclic

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Beams: Sample Design Requirements

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Ductility

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Effective Length
Should be calculated according to type of column.

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Lateral Buckling

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Local Buckling
Similar to Beam requirements

Shear
If large shear forces are present, proper interaction among normal and shear stresses shall be employed

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Concentrically Braced Frames

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Concentrically Braced Frames
All lines of actions shall be concentric In any single line of framing at least 30% and no more than 70% of total lateral load shall be resisted by tension Limitations on compactness

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Concentrically Braced Frames

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Eccentrically Braced Frames
When frames are under lateral loads, axial forces in braces induce flexure in beams. The portion of the beam intersected by the brace, link, is expected to experience ductile yielding.

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Eccentrically Braced Frames
Short Spacing

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Eccentrically Braced Frames
Best for column safety

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Eccentrically Braced Frames
Minimum rotation for a given lateral displacement.

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Columns: Sample Design Requirements

Eccentrically Braced Frames (Active Links)
Are designed to dissipate energy in shear.

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections
Butt welded connection
Best performance in energy dissipation

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections
Filet welded with flange plates

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections
Bolted with flange plates
Shows reduced hysteretic behaviour due to slippage

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections
Panel zones
Beam-column connections contribute to one third of inter-storey drift, half of these arise from shear deformation of panel zones.

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections: Detailing Requirements

Connections shall be designed to be stronger than adjacent members Increase in strength beyond yield is allowed to account for strain hardening

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections: Detailing Requirements

Welding
Butt welds are the best method for load transfer Partial penetration welds should not be used in stress reversal locations Fillet welds are acceptable

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections: Detailing Requirements

Bolting
Over sized holes are not recommended Condition of faying surfaces and painting shall be considered Friction type bolts are preferred

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections: Detailing Requirements

Cleats
Shall be properly designed considering all eccentricities

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

Steel Connections
Beam-Column Connections
Hole reduction shall be considered Panel zone requirements shall be observed Diagonal stiffeners or double web plates shall be used to stiffen panel zones

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus

References
Some or all of the material is reproduced from the following resources Dynamics of Structures, Ray Clough & Joseph Penzein Structural Dynamics for Structural Engineers, Gary Hart & Kevin Wong USGS web site Earthquake Resistant Design and Risk Reduction, David J. Dowrick Seismic Design of Building Structures: A Professionals Introduction to Earthquake Forces and Design Details , Michael R. Lindeburg PE (Author), Kurt M. McMullin PE Earthquake Engineering: From Engineering Seismology to PerformanceBased Engineering, Yousef Bozorgnia (Editor), Vitelmo V. Bertero The Seismic Design Handbook, Farzad Naeim Dynamics of Structures , Anil K. Chopra Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation, Mario Paz, William Leigh

Design & Detailing

Maguid H.M. Hassan, Ph.D. / Fulbright Alumnus