Caroline Chen Period 6 Chapter #27: Empire and Expansion Big Picture Themes 1.

. The Spanish-American War saw the U.S. gain Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guantanomo Bay in Cuba, the Philippines, and other smaller islands. 2. The Philippines proved to be hard to handle since the Filipino people didnt want the U.S. there. They waged a guerilla war and resented American control until it was turned back over to the Philippines after WWII. 3. The U.S. managed to get an Open Door Policy with China. This opened the Asian giant to international trade. 4. Teddy Roosevelt became a vigorous president who obtained and built the Panama Canal. His Big Stick Policy toward Latin America increased Americas influence, but also increased animosity toward the U.S.

Chapter #27: Identifications

Alfred Thayer Mahan Alfred Thayer Mahan was a U.S. Navy officer who insisted on the integral use of the sea and spent a lot of time in naval history. He wrote The Influence of Seapower Upon History. de Lome Letter de Lome Letter was written by a Spanish minister and contained details about McKinley and had negative opinions on him. This hindered the relationship between the Spanish and Americans. Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo led a Filipino independence movement against Spain with America and, once successful, turned on the Americans. He was captured by the U.S. Army in 1901. Teller Amendment The Teller Amendment denied any U.S. annexation of Cuba, mitigating hostility between the two. Rough Riders Rough Riders were enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt and were a group of rugged men that fought at San Juan Hill in Cuba. Anti-Imperialist League The Anti-Imperialist League did not favor the annexation of the Philippines and how America was building an empire; in the end, it failed to make their case.

Caroline Chen Period 6 Foraker Act The Foraker Act gave Puerto Ricans citizenship as well as a limited popular government. Platt Amendment The Platt Amendment authorized American military Intervention whenever it saw fit and gave a permanent lease for a naval base at Guantanamo Bay. Spheres of Influence Spheres of Influence are locations that are controlled economically and politically by another country but are not governed by it. Philippine Insurrection The Philippine Insurrection was the tension between the U.S. troops and Filipinos before annexation, which led to war. Open Door Policy The Open Door Policy demanded respect for the Chinese rights and prevented the creation of a monopoly in Chinese trading. Boxer Rebellion The Boxer Rebellion took place in Beijing. The Boxers sought to fight foreigners but was put down by British troops. Big Stick Policy The Big Stick Policy was diplomatic for it focused on U.S. power and intimidated foreign countries without actually taking action. Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary extended the Monroe Doctrine which reinforced the ability to use the military to protect economic interests in the South and Central America. Portsmouth Conference The Portsmouth Conference ended the Russo-Japanese War and led to Roosevelt earning the Nobel Peace Prize. Gentlemens Agreement The Gentlemens Agreement stated there will only be a certain number of workers immigrating to the U.S. but the wives of Japanese inhabitants may join their husbands.

Caroline Chen Period 6 Chapter #27: Identifications America Turns Outward 1. What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?

Imperialism was a huge factor for America seeking land in foreign countries. America had a lust for an empire of its own and created hostile foreign policy. The yearning to trade overseas as well as a racist view that others who are of lower stature should be controlled exacerbated their greed to expand. Another factor was to compete with other world powers and to seem stronger than the rest. Spurning the Hawaiian Pear Know: Queen Liliuokalani 2. Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii? From the beginning, the population had started to decrease dramatically. The annexation of Hawaii would mean a great deal to Americans back at home who could use the land to grow their crops. However, Queen Liliuokalani wished for the islands of Hawaii to be controlled by their own people. President Cleveland chose not to annex Hawaii before the treaty could be sent to the Senate for various reasons such as the guilt of having betrayed the Queen and her people. Cubans Rise in Revolt 3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?

Many rebels adopted a scorched-earth policy in an attempt to drive out the Spanish overlords who were controlling their country. They would burn down cane-fields and sugar mills. The insurgents would even blow up trains with passengers. The rebellion was eventually put down but at the cost of sending many civilians to concentration camps. The hostility in Cuba did not help the relationship between the Spanish and Americans. Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey 4. Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines? Commodore Dewey sailed into Manilas harbor with his various warships and waited for orders. Teddy Roosevelt then commanded George Dewey to send the American Asiatic Squadron. The Spanish fleets were quickly surrounded and their vessels were completely demolished. The art of surprise was on their side along with the fact that many of the Spanish had old ships that could barely sustain it. The Confused Invasion of Cuba

Caroline Chen Period 6 Know: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill 5. Describe the fighting in Cuba. The fighting in Cuba was an easy win with little bloodshed, besides diseases. The Rough Riders, who were groups of rugged men, were led by Teddy Roosevelt. He commanded them to fight at San Juan Hill where Spanish troops were easily defeated. The Spanish fleet fled away and Puerto Rica was invaded. Cuba became free after negotiations between the Spanish and Americans in Paris. America's Course (Curse?) of Empire Know: Anti-Imperialist League 6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines? The annexation of the Philippines was advocated by those who wished to expand their markets overseas. There were those who wished to build an empire and believed in imperialism which also sought for the annexation of the Philippines. However there were some who opposed it such as the Anti-Imperialist League. They did not think that acquiring land that was extremely far would be beneficial at all and some even stated it went against their tradition. Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans 7. How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants? Puerto Ricans were political exiles who had fought for Cuban independence. When they finally achieved their goal, the population boomed. Monopoly started to appear that sought for the control of sugar in Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rican immigrants spread all throughout the U.S. including Arizona, New Jersey, Utah, but mostly in New York where there were cigar factories, shipyards, and garment industry. Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba Know: Insular Cases,Platt Amendment, Guantanamo 8. Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War. Under General Leonard Wood, there were improvements such as health, education, and agriculture. Experiments led to the conclusion that yellow fever was caused by a certain type of mosquito; as a result, there were efforts to eliminate these insects and disease. The Insular Cases denied the rights of citizenship to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. The Platt Amendment authorized American military intervention whenever it saw fit and gave a permanent lease for a naval base at Guantanamo Bay. New Horizons in Two Hemispheres 9. What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War? After the Spanish-American War, the U.S. became an official world power. The U.S. was able to gain the respect from many foreign countries and as a result, became more involved

Caroline Chen Period 6 with world affairs. There was an overall increase in nationalism and the conflicts between the North and the South were finally settled, bringing a sense of unity to the United States of America. "Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines Know: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation 10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism? The Filipino just sought for freedom which was hindered because of American imperialism. Americans got their way and could easily control the natives with their use of concentration camps and water cure. Improvements were made to the country after the war such as better sanitation, new roads, better health, and better economy. William Howard Taft became a civil governor of the Philippines and the benevolent assimilation of McKinkeley helped fix roads. Hinging the Open Door in China Know: Boxer Rebellion 11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China? The Open Door Policy was not of high interest to the Chinese. The attempt to protect the rights of the people led to insurgents rising, starting the Boxer Rebellion. However, forces gathered and they were put down. Monetary value was given to the U.S. as compensation. The Open Door was still intact because of the Treaty of Wanghia. Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900? 12. What issues were important in the 1900 election? The issue in the 1900 election was that McKinley was accused of enslaving millions of Filipinos by the Democratic Partys Bryan. However, shockingly, McKinley did not even have to start campaigning. He had already done a lot for the country and had won the people over with 292 to 155 electoral votes. TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick Know: Big Stick, Bully Pulpit 13. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president? Teddy Roosevelt had the idea that it would be better to go all out until the end then to just do nothing until its all over. Also, he had a strong belief in that one must speak softly but also the carry a Big Stick in order to become successful and go far in life. His ego was evident and did not respect parts of the government for he claimed to have powers as long as it did not go against the Constitution. Building the Panama Canal Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, 14. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?

Caroline Chen Period 6 The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty gave the U.S. the right to build a canal but conceded the right to fortify it as well. Philippe Bunau-Varilla staged a revolution in Panama. A canal could easily be built on Panama and Roosevelt took matters into his own hands and bought the land for his own usage. TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor 15. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary? The Roosevelt Corollary included the economic techniques in order to obtain word power. The U.S. would pay debts that Latin American countries owed so that they could not control them. Tariff collections were managed by the U.S. in the Dominican Republic and the Bad Neighbor policy came about. The U.S. could use military power to take over Latin American countries. Roosevelt on the World Stage Know: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth 16. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize? Teddy Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize by ending the Russo-Japanese War. This was ended by the Portsmouth Conference in New Hampshire. The peace felt coerced and the Russians felt uncomfortable because of it. The Japanese became to grow hostility towards the Americans and would soon lead to a war. Japanese Laborers in California Know: Gentlemens Agreement, Great White Fleet 17. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese relations? The school board in California attempted to segregate Asians in order to teach the white population in a case of earthquake. The Japanese did not like this at all because of their values of honor, pride, and integrity. This led to a full on war that was ended with the Gentlemens Agreement. Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet to secure the Root-Takihara Agreement. Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power? 18. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion. Americas foray into imperialisms was caused by the acts of other countries and how they expanded as well. The U.S. sought to receive the respect and merit of foreign countries. Also, by following imperialism, they were able to become a world power and become engulfed within the world affairs. The outside became new knowledge for the people and isolation was obliterated.