Uphando Nabafundi Besigaba Sesiseko

FPSc Xhosa1 9/13/09 6:15 PM Page 1
Uphando ngezenzululwazi
UPHANDO
nabaFundi besiGaba seSiseko
Inxalenye yeengcingane nezimvo ezikule ncwadana sisiqhamo esiqanduselwe yintsebenziswano ende ephakathi kwesibini
sakwaKenyon, u-Alan kunye noViv. La maphuthi ahlathinye athi, sekulithuba encazelana ngothando lwemfundo yamabanga aphantsi
kwakunye nophuhliso lootitshala. Ngokutsho kwabo, oku kusukela ngeminyaka yokugabuka kwenkungu, oo-1960, ngethuba
bobabini beqalisa ukuhlohla eLondon, ukuza kuthi ga ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Oku kuncazelana ngezimvo kuqhubekile
naseLovedale, e-Alice, kwaya kutsho nase-Cape College, e-Fort Beaufort, apho abo babesebenza nabo bekunye nabafundi babo
babanceda ekuphuhliseni nangakumbi ezi ngcingane nasekuzisebenziseni kwiimeko nemixholo efanelekileyo. Umsebenzi othe
walandela usenziwa kunye nootitshala eziklasini, uthe wawulola nangakumbi lo msebenzi ngokubhekiselele kwimfaneleko yawo.
Uguqulelwe esiXhoseni ngu-NF Saliwa-Mogale noNkululeko Ndiki Ulungelelaniswe ngu
Layout by Welma Odendaal

ISBN 978-0-9814425-2-5
Iziqulatho
Intshayelelo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Icandelo 1
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale? . . . . . 6
Ukuphanda ngoDongwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Ukuphanda ngeSonka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Icandelo 2
Ukuphanda ngezinambuzane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Ukuphanda ngezityalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Icandelo 3
Zingaphi iindlela onokwenza ngazo ukuba ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite? . . . . . . . . . 36
Ukuphanda ngoTsalo noTyhilizo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Icandelo 4
Ukuphanda ngezimo zenyanga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Ukuphanda ngemozulu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Isiqukumbelo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Isihlomelo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
INkcazelo yeKharityhulamu yeSizwe

INzululwazi yezeNdalo – isiGaba esisiSeko
IsiPhumo sesiFundo 1 Uphando ngezenzululwazi
Abafundi basebenza ngokuzithemba ekufuneni ulwazi ngeziganeko zendalo; baphanda ulwalamano
nokusombulula iingxaki kwiimeko zenzululwazi, kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezokusingqongileyo
nendalo.
Intshayelelo
Ngonyaka ka-2004 ootitshala besiGaba esisiSeko bezikolo zamabanga aphantsi
ezili-9 kwisithili soMzantsi baqalisa ukusebenzisana nePSP ukuzama ukwakha
nokusungula uphando lwezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo kunye nabafundi babo,
njengenxalenye yeProjekthi yeMSET, exhaswa ngezimali ngumbutho iShuttleworth
Foundation. Le ncwadana sisiphumo sentsebenziswano yethu yeminyaka
emithathu.
Yintoni equlathwe yile ncwadana?

Kule ncwadana sidandalazise izigaba ezili-9 zophando esizenze kunye nabafundi.
Ezi zigaba zophando ziqhube kakuhle kakhulu xa bezisenziwa nabafundi beBanga
R ukuya kutsho kwiBanga 3. Kule ncwadana uya kufumana iingcebiso
zokusebenzisa izinto ezifumaneka lula, mihla le eziya kukunceda ekwenzeni ezi
zigaba zilithoba zophando kunye nabafundi eklasini yakho.
Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo le ncwadi Umkhenkce, udongwe,

nesonka
Siqala ngokujolisa kwindima yokuhlatywa kwemibuzo. Emva kweli nqanaba ke,
le ncwadana ithi yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amane. Icandelo ngalinye lithi ligxile
kwisolotya ngalinye leNkcazelo yeKharityhulamu yeSizwe ngokweNzululwazi
yezeNdalo.
La masolotya ke ngala:
O INkqunto (matter) neziNto ezinomsebenzi (material)
O Ubomi neMpilo
O I-Eneji neNguquko
O IPlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo.
Izinambuzane nezityalo
Icandelo lokuqala lijolise kwiNkqunto neziNto ezinomsebenzi. Kweli candelo uya
kufumana izikhokelo zeendidi ezi-3 zophando: umkhenkce, udongwe, kunye
nesonka.
Kwicandelo lesibini elingoBomi neMpilo, sidandalazise iindidi ezi-2 zophando oya
kuthi uzenze kunye nabafundi bakho: izilwanyana ezincinane kunye nezityalo.
Icandelo lesithathu, elingeziNika-mandla okanye i-Eneji neNguquko, liqulathe
iingcebiso zeendidi ezimbini zophando: umbane nentshukumo. Umbane nentshukumo
Kwicandelo lokugqibela, elingePlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo, sicebise

ngeendlela ekunokuthi kuphandwe ngazo izimo zeNyanga kwakunye neMozulu.
Indlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadi

Musa ukucinga ukuba kukho indlela enye kuphela efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa le
ncwadi, ekukuqala kwiphepha lokuqala ukuya kwelokugqibela. Uvumelekile ukuba
uqale naphi na apho uthanda khona. Khetha naluphi na uphando onokulwenza
nabafundi bakho nonomdla kulo, nocinga ukuba luya kutsala umdla nakubo.
Kananjalo kufuneka ukhethe into eya kuhambelana nomxholo okanye iprojekthi
enisebenza ngayo eklasini okanye esikolweni sakho. Le ncwadana yenzelwe nje Izimo zeNyanga kunye
ukukuncedisa nokukunika isikhokelo. Ayenzelwanga ukuba ibe yimigqaliselo nemozulu
emiselweyo ekufuneka uyilandele. Landela iingcinga zakho, uzithembe wena buqu
kunye nabafundi bakho.
INTSHAYELELO 3
Into ekuya kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo yimozulu kwanexesha lonyaka

ekufuneka uphande izihloko ezithile ngalo. Umzekelo, ubusika ingalixesha
elingafanelekanga lokuphanda ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezincinane ngenxa
yokunqongophala kwazo ngeli thuba.
Siyathemba ukuba uya kuzifumanisa zilulutho nenkanyiselo ezi ngcebiso. Kambe,
njengathi, siyathemba ukuba uya kuyifumanisa iNzululwazi yezeNdalo
ingummandla wekharityhulamu omnandi nonomtsalane ukuphanda ngawo kunye
nabafundi bakho. INzululwazi ingasisiseko esiluqilima nekhonkco elihlanganisa
umsebenzi omhle odidiyelweyo ntlandlo zonke zommandla obanzi
wekharityhulamu yesiGaba esisiSeko.
ph i u m k henkce?
Usuka
im ifuno
e m inye Amanzi afika njani
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Kut g ap h ezu
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e ik hula
eminy h la ba? Asuka
kom phi am
afu?
i iin k ozo
i su k a ph
Z
em b e wu?
n
ani u mbane?
nj
Wenziwa
Isuka phi imvula?

Ku
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ba n nya
je n nga ni eyenza
ama g a Yinto
xes manye ?
ha? umbane
4 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Ukuhlatywa kwemibuzo
Sithe gqolo
Uya kufumanisa ukuba kule ncwadana sithe gqolo ukucebisa ngeendlela
ukucebisa zokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bacinge ze bavakalise imibuzo yabo, kwaye
ngeendlela bangade bahlokozwe, belolwa okanye belotywa ukuze babuze imibuzo. Kananjalo
zokukhuthaza masingoyikiswa kukuba abantwana baya kubuza imibuzo esiya kunzinyelwa
kukuyiphendula. Akuyomfuneko ukuphendula yonke imibuzo abayibuzayo.
abafundi ukuba
Kumathuba amaninzi eklasini kuqheleke ukuba ibe ngootitshala ababuza imibuzo.
bacinge ze
Kambe, njengootitshala, silindele ukuba abafundi bethu bayiphendule imibuzo
bavakalise leyo. Sikholelwa ukuba kufuneka ibe ngabafundi ngokwabo abafumana amathuba
imibuzo yabo, okubuza imibuzo, ukuba ikharityhulamu isekelwe emntwaneni ngenene. Kufuneka
ukuba siqinisekise ukuba abafundi bafumana intlaninge yamathuba okubuza
kwaye bangade
imibuzo abanokuba banayo. Kambe kufuneka ukuba bafumane amathuba
bahlokozwe, okuphanda imibuzo abanayo.
belolwa okanye
belotywa ukuze
babuze imibuzoº
INTSHAYELELO 5
ICANDELO 1
INkqunto neziNto ezinomsebenzi
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza
ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale?
Indlela yokwenza umkhenkce

unyamalale yayiluphando lokuqala
esathi salwenza kunye nabafundi
besiGaba esisiSeko kwiProjekthi yeMSET. Le
yaba yindlela entle kakhulu yokuqalisa umsebenzi
wethu, kwakunye nokuphandwa kwento phantse ngabo
bonke abantwana. Umbuzo owawusentloko esaqala ngawo (Yeyiphi
eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale?) wawuvuswa
yimibuzo eyathi yachukunyiswa, isengwa ngootitshala kubafundi babo phambi
kocweyo lukamasifundisane wokuqala.
Ukucwangcisa nokulungiselela ukwenza uphando

Xa usenza olu phando kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba unamagaqa omkhenkce
oneleyo, ukuze isibini ngasinye okanye iqelana elincinane labafundi abathathu libe
nokuba negaqa lalo lomkhenkce. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba onke
loo maqhekeza omkhenkce aphantse alingane. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngendlela
onokugcina ngayo loo maqhekeza omkhenkce engumkhenkce de kufikelele ixesha
ofuna ukuwasebenzisa ngalo. Enye yezinto onokuzenza kukusebenzisa iflaski.
Enye into esiyifumanisileyo yeyokuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kufumaneke ezi
glasi zeplastiki zilahlwayo ukuze isibini ngasinye sibe nokufaka iqhekeza laso
lomkhenkce kule glasi.
6 FOUNDATION PHASE SCIENCE

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi banento yokwenza

Sicebisa ukuba uzinike ithuba lokufundisisa uphando olu kwiintsuku ezimbini
okanye kusuku olungaphambili kokwenziwa kwalo. Ngxaki zini ocinga ukuba
abafundi bakho bangahlangana nazo? Yintoni ekunokufuneka uyenze ukunceda
abafundi bakho? Ungaqinisekisa njani ukuba abafundi bakho ngabo ngokwabo
abenza uphando? Lo ayingomsebenzi womboniso. Kufanele sibathembe abafundi
ukuba bayakwazi ukufuna ulwazi, banesakhono sokuqamba nesiphiwo sokuyila.
Kufanele ukuba ibe ngabo abenza uphando. Kufanele bazive bengabanini-msebenzi
wophando olo. Eyakho indima ebalulekileyo kukubakhokela nokubanika inkxaso, xa
uthe waqaphela ukuba bayaludinga uncedo lwakho.
Xa luthe uphando olo lwaphuma apho bekungacingelwanga khona, yinto
engenamsebenzi leyo. Omawukwenze nje kukuxelela abafundi ukuba mabaphinde
balwenze uphando olo. Kakade ooSonzululwazi abalwenzi kanye kuphela uphando
lwabo babe balugqibile. Bayahluka, baguqule iindlela zabo, bafanekise izinto ezithile,
baphonononge oko bakwenzayo, kwakunye neziphumo zoko bakwenzileyo. Ngako
oko ke abafundi bakho baya kuba baziphethe njengoosonzululwazi boqobo!
Yintoni ekulindeleke ukuba abafundi bakho bayenze?
Uyabazi abafundi bakho. Zama ukuqikelela ukuba baya kwenza ntoni na. Chitha
isithutyana nje sexesha uzama ukucinga ngoko bafanele ukuba bacinga ngako nabaya
kuthi bakuzame, ukwenzela ukuba amaqhekeza abo omkhenkce anyibilike
ngokukhawuleza. Oko kuya kukunceda kumalungiselelo akho. Into abantwana
abagqibe nabaceba ukuyenza, mhlawumbi, ingabonakalisa ulwazi lwabo
lwangaphambili nasele benalo. Umzekelo, abanye abantwana, mhlawumbi
bangagqatsisa amaqhekeza abo omkhenkce ngelanga. Mhlawumbi abanye abafundi
bangawabeka awabo amagaqa omkhenkce kwindawo emnyama elangeni. Ukanti
abanye bangawacubha okanye bawahlafune awabo amagaqa omkhenkce. Abanye
baba bafundi mhlawumbi bangazama ukunyibilikisa awabo amagaqa omkhenkce
ngokuwaqhekeza phantsi, emhlabeni. Zama ukuvula ingqondo, ulindele nantoni na.
Kufuneka ulindele ukuba abafundi bakho bangaphuma nalapho ubungacingelanga
khona ngezinto abazenzayo.
Zeziphi iindlela ezilungileyo zokwenza ukuba umkhenkce
unyamalale ngokupheleleyo?
Xa siceba uphando, siqala ngokuzibuza imibuzo. Usuka phi umkhenkce? Uya phi
umkhenkce? Ngokwale meko ke, umbuzo wethu ngowokuba, Zeziphi iindlela
ezilungileyo zokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale ngokupheleleyo? Ngubani
onokwenza ukuba elakhe igaqa lomkhenkce ibe lelona linyibilika ngokukhawuleza?
Oku kuvakala ngathi lugqatso.
UMSEBENZI 1
Qala ngokucela abafundi bakho ukuba bakungqonge. Ukuba unendawo
ekuqundanwa kuyo kuhleliwe phantsi eklasini yakho, cela abafundi ukuba niye
kuloo ndawo. Xa kuthe kanti ayikho indawo enjalo,
ekhethekileyo yokufundela nokubalisa amabali eklasini
yakho, cela abafundi ukuba badibanise izitulo zabo, ze
bahlale phantsi ukuze kulungiselelwe ingxoxo.
Ungaqala mhlawumbi ngokubalisa ibali, okanye
ngengxoxo malunga nemozulu, ngakumbi imini eshushu,
ngxoxo leyo iya kukhokelela kubukho bamagaqa
omkhenkce. Buza abafundi bakho ukuba yintoni na
abayaziyo malunga nomkhenkce. Bhala phantsi
iimpendulo zabo kwiphepha elikhulu lokubhala ngekoki
okanye uzibhale ebhodini ngokungathi yindlu yezigcawu
okanye yimaphu yocwangciso-zingcinga.
INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI 7

UMSEBENZI 2
IBanga R kunye neBanga 1
Xa usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye iBanga 1, kufuneka ubanike imiyalelo
ecacileyo malunga nokulandelayo ofuna bakwenze. Sicebisa ukuba kufuneka
ubaxelele ngokungqalileyo nangenyameko into ekufuneka beyenzile. Baxelele
ukuba iklasi yenu iza kuzama ukufumanisa ezona ndlela zilunge kakhulu nezona
zikhawulezayo zokwenza ukuba amagaqa omkhenkce anyibilike. Emva koko ke
baxelele ukuba ufuna basebenze ngokwezibini kwaye uza kunika isibini ngasinye
iqhekeza lomkhenkce. Baxelele ukuba kuza kufuneka ukuba kuphunyelwe
ngaphandle eklasini, kwaye ufuna bajonge ukuba ngowuphi na umntu oya
kufumana ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokwenza umkhenkce ukuba unyamalale
ngokupheleleyo. Bakhumbuze ukuba bazame ukucinga ngezona ndlela
zikhawulezayo zokwenzeka koku.
Khuphela ngaphandle abafundi bakho. Ungabaxelela ukuba
bazikhethele amaqabane abaza kusebenza nawo okanye
ubabele ngokwakho abantu ofuna ukuba basebenze nabo.
Nika isibini ngasinye igaqa lomkhenkce eliseglasini yeplastiki
elahlwayo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba wenze isigqibo malunga
nokuba ikude kangakanani na nesikolo le ndawo ufuna
nisebenzele kuyo. Mhlawumbi ungagqiba kwelokuba
nisebenzele emabaleni okudlala ukwenzela ukuba
ningaphazamisani nezinye iiklasi. Mhlawumbi ningakwazi
nokusebenzela ecaleni nje kweklasi yenu. Kananjalo kuya
kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba unakho ukwalusa isibini
ngasinye kwesikwenzayo. Bakhuthaze abafundi bakho ukuba
bacinge ngeendlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza ukuba imikhenkce
yabo inyibilike.
Xa sithe isininzi sabafundi bakho sakwazi ukunyibilikisa
imikhenkce yaso, ungabaphindisela kwaseklasini ukuze
nixoxe malunga noko nikwenzileyo kwanoko kuthe kwafunyaniswa.
IBanga 2 neBanga 3
Ukuba kuthe kanti abafundi bakho sele benonyaka okanye iminyaka
emibini besesikolweni, sicebisa ukuba ubanike ithutyana lokwenza
izicwangciso zokwenza uphando lwabo ngokwezigaba ezibini
besebenza ngokwamaqela amancinane ezibini okanye ezithathu.
O Okokuqala baxelele ukuba bachithe ithutyana elifutshane becinga
okanye bethetha ngezinto abanokuzenza.
O Emva koko ke bacele ukuba bazobe isicwangciso soko bafuna
ukukwenza. Bakhuthaze ukuba baqikelele ngokunokuthi
kwenzeke. Kufuneka ulaluse ze ulicuthe xa kuyimfuneko ixesha
lale misebenzi mibini. Ukucinga kubalulekile, kodwa kuyafuneka
ukuba abafundi babe nethuba lokusebenzisa iingcinga
nezicwangciso zabo.
Inqanaba elilandelayo kukubaxelela ukuba baqhube uphando lwabo.
Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna baqwalasele oko kwenzekayo.
Bakhumbuze ukuba babhale phantsi oko bakubonayo.
Njengoko usebenza nabafundi abaselula, sicebisa ukuba ubakhuphele
phandle abafundi bakho ukuze kwenziwe olu phando. Nika isibini
ngasinye okanye isithathu ngasinye iqhekeza lomkhenkce elikwiglasi
yeplastiki elahlwayo. Qinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukwalusa
okwenziwa liqela ngalinye elincinane, kwaye uyafumaneka ukuze
uqhube okanye ukhuthaze abo bafundi basokolayo.

Lo gama abafundi belinde ukunyibilika

kwamaqhekeza abo omkhenkce, kufuneka
baqwalasele okwenzekayo ze banike ingxelo
ngokuqhubekayo: ‘Iqhekeza elo linendawana
ezinyibilikayo’; ‘Linyibilike icala’; ‘Linyibilike
laphela’; njalo njalo. Abafundi beBanga 2
nabeBanga 3 banokulinganisela ixesha
elithathwe liqhekeza lomkhenkce ukunyibilika
besebenzisa iiwotshi.
Yintoni esiyifundileyo?
Qokelela abafundi bakho kwakhona ukuze
kuqhutywe ingxoxo. Bakhumbuze
ngokwabelana ngezicwangciso zabo.
Babuze ukuba:
O Yintoni ebebecinga ukuba iza kwenzeka
phambi kokuba bazame ukunyibilikisa
amaqhekeza omkhenkce abo?
O Yintoni abayifumanisileyo? Bacinga ukuba
kutheni kwenzeke loo nto nje?
O Yintoni eyenza ukuba umkhenkce
ukhawuleze kangaka ukunyamalala?
O Amanzi lawo ingaba ayaphi?
O Yintoni esiyifundileyo?
Ubunzululwazi boNyibiliko nokuvela koMphunga

• Unyibiliko ligama esilinika inkqubo yokuguquka kwesiqina (solid) sibe lulwelo
(liquid). Ibhotolo iyanyibilika. I-ayisikhrimu iyanyibilika. Itshokholethi iyanyibilika.
Umkhenkce uyanyibilika.
• Ukuvela komphunga luhlobo ekubizwa ngalo imo elandelayo yenguquko xa
ulwelo lukhangeleka ngokungathi luyaguquka luba yirhasi okanye umphunga.
Zama ukwenza abafundi bakho ukuba

bacacise ngoko kwenzekayo nesizathu
soko. Xa besenza oku, abafundi bakha
ingcingane efuna ukuqinisekiswa -
okanye bakha ithiyori - malunga
nesizathu sokwenzeka koko
Eyona nto kwenzekayo. Kuya kuthini xa bathe
abafundi bawuhlafuna umkhenkce? Xa
ibalulekileyo kuthe kwenzeka oko, babuze abafundi
kukuphembelel ukuba, Ingaba umkhenkce lowo uye phi
a ukuba na? Ze emva koko kwenzeka ntoni na?
Okokugqibela, ungababuza abafundi
abafundi bakho ukuba, Kwenzeka ntoni xa sibila? Le nto
bacinge ingenza abafundi bakhe unxulumano namanye amava abo. Umzekelo, ingaba
nangakumbi. yoma njani impahla exhonywe ecingweni?
Musa ukuzikhathaza ngokufumana iimpendulo ‘ezichanekileyo’. Eyona nto
ibalulekileyo kukuphembelela ukuba abafundi bakho bacinge nangakumbi. Le
ngxoxo yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yophando. Ukhokela abafundi ukuba bacinge
kwaye bacamngce ngoko bakwenzileyo, kwakunye noko bakufumanisileyo.
Ubanceda ukuba bathethe ngamava nageengcinga zabo. Okona kufunda
kunamandla kuveliswa okanye kuphuhliswa kukwenza (yinkqubo).

Ukuphanda ngodongwe
‘Ibhokisana yamaqashiso’ – Ukuhlanganisa
uLwimi nezeNzululwazi
‘Ibhokisana yamaqashiso’ okanye ‘Ingxowana yamaqashiso’
sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu nekuyimfuneko ukuba utitshala
ngamnye wesikolo samabanga aphantsi abe naso. Yibhokisi
okanye ingxowana enezinto ezahlukileyo ezininzi ngaphakathi.
Injongo yayo yeyokuba umntu abe nakho ukufaka isandla sakhe
ngaphakathi abambe okanye eve into engaphakathi, kungekho
mntu ubonayo ukuba yintoni na leyo ibanjiweyo. Ibhokisana
yejusi ebukhulu buziilitha ezi-5 ingasebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Kananjalo nebhokisi yamaphepha (enesiciko) engaphethanga nto
ebinamaphepha okwenza iikopi isenokusetyenziswa. Le nto isebenza
kakuhle kakhulu xa ibhokisi leyo igqojozwe macala omabini, ukuze
abantwana babe nakho ukufaka izandla zozibini ebhokisini, ukuze
babe nakho ukuyiva ngcono loo nto bayibambayo.
Ungayisebenzisa ibhokisana yamaqashiso (ingxowana yamaqashiso)
ukuze uphuhlise okanye wandise ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lokucacisa
ngabafundi bakho. Kananjalo ungayisebenzisela iNyumerasi, ezeNzulul
wazi kwakunye neZakhono zoBomi. Nanjengoko eli candelo lijolise
kwiNkqunto neziNto ezinomsebenzi, ibhokisana yamaqashiso ixabiseke
kakhulu ngokusebenziseka kwayo xa ufuna abafundi abancinane
bacinge malunga neempawu zenkqunto nezinto ezinomsebenzi.
Phambi kokuba usebenzise ibhokisana yamaqashiso nabafundi bakho, yenza
isicwangciso sokuba yintoni na onokuyifaka kwibhokisana leyo ngeli thuba. Faka
izinto eziqhelekileyo, izinto ezivakala ngokwahlukileyo nezineemo ezahlukileyo.
Kubafundi beBanga 2 nele-3, zama ukubandakanya izinto ezihlanganisa iimvakalo
kwakunye neemo ezahlukileyo. Umzekelo ungaquka ibhrashi yamazinyo, ibhola
yentenetya, isikhuhli, ibhrashi yeenzipho, ilitye, ipensile okanye usiba, ikama.
Ukuphanda inkqunto ngokuyichukumisa

Onke amaBanga
Xa uza kuqala ukusebenzisa ibhokisana yamaqashiso
okanye ingxowana yamaqashiso, qokelela abafundi,
bakungqonge. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bamamele
ngenyameko. Baxelele abantwana ukuba uza kubiza
umntwana omnye ukuba azokufaka izandla zakhe
ebhokisini, ukuze abambe into esebhokisini ze ayive
ngesandla ukuba yintoni na. Qinisekisa ukuba abantwana
bayaqonda ukuba akufuneki bazikhuphe izinto ebhokisini.
Baza kusebenzisa izandla zabo kuphela ukuva ukuba
yintoni leyo bayibambileyo. Xelela abafundi ukuba awufuni
ukuba umntwana lowo ufake izandla ebhokisini axelele
iklasi ngento ayibambileyo. Koko kuza kubuzwa imibuzo
ukuzama ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba yintoni na loo nto
ibanjiweyo. Umntu uza kuzama ukuqashela okanye
aqikelele ngokukhokelwa ziimpendulo azinikayo
zemibuzo leyo.

Emva koko khetha umntwana abe mnye obemamele

ngenyameko, ukuze eme ecaleni kwakho. Buza imibuzo eya
kukuxelela okuthile ngesimo, ngemvakalo yoburhabaxa
nobumpuluswa, ngokuqina kwakunye nomsebenzi wento
leyo (ngamanye amagama malunga neempawu zento leyo).
Umzekelo,
O Imile njani le nto uyibambileyo?
O Ingaba iqinile?
O Ungakwazi ukuyicudisa?
O Ucinga ukuba yenziwe ngantoni?
Khumbula ukuba umntwana akasayi kuyibona into leyo.
Uyaqashisela nje, esekele loo maqashiso kwinto
ayibambileyo. Lo gama achukumisa into leyo, eyiphatha-
phatha usebenzisa ulwimi olucacisa loo nto ayivayo.
Njengoko uqhubeka nokubuza imibuzo, yithi chu ukhuthaza ukuba
iklasi le xa iyonke ibuze imibuzo nayo. Emva kokuba wena neklasi
niqashele ngempumelelo ukuba yintoni na into yokuqala ethe yabanjwa,
biza omnye umntwana ukuba eze ngaphambili aze kufuna into
ebhokisini. Phinda ukhuthaze abafundi ukuba babuze imibuzo.
Khuthaza umntwana lowo ubamba into esebhokisini ukuba aphendule
imibuzo malunga naloo nto ayibambileyo. Yithi chu ukhuthaza
abantwana ukuba babuze imibuzo efana naleyo ubuyibuzile. Baya
kukonwabela ukubandakanyeka ze bawuthathele emagxeni abo
umsebenzi lowo. Baya kufunda isakhono esibaluleke kakhulu sokubuza
imibuzo esenga iimpendulo ezibalulekileyo.
Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3
Ungawandisa lo msebenzi nabafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye nabeBanga 3
ngokunika iqela ngalinye ibhokisi yamaqashiso enezinto ezithile
ngaphakathi. Umntu ngamnye ufumana ithuba lokufaka izandla zakhe
ebhokisini ukuze akhethe into ethile, ayichukumise ngenyameko
(eyiphonononga), ze acacise ngayo (enika ingxelo). Umndilili weqela elo
uzama ukuqashisela ukuba yintoni na le iphethwe ngulo mntu
(ukutolika - kusenziwa uvalo-zikhewu) ngokubuza imibuzo.
Ukuphanda inkqunto ngokusebenzisa zonke

iziva-mvo zethu
Izinto oza kuzifuna
O Isityana esincinane sodongwe olungumgubo owomileyo oluza
kusetyenziswa liqela ngalinye
O Idropha (dropper) encinane yeqela ngalinye
O Iphetshana elibukhulu bungu-A3 elinemaphu yeengcinga ezotyiweyo
ibhokisana yeqela ngalinye (kwiBanga 2 okanye kwiBanga 3)
yamaqashiso ixabiseke O Iikhrayoni ezinemibala emibini kwiqela ngalinye (kwiBanga 2 kunye
kakhulu neBanga 3)
O Uxwebhu lwephepha lokubhala elinemigca yemaphu yeengcinga
ngokusebenziseka ezotyiweyo (iBanga R okanye iBanga 1)
kwayo xa ufuna O Iikoki ezinemibala emibini (iBanga R okanye iBanga 1)
abafundi abancinane Ungalufumana udongwe olungumgubo owomileyo kwivenkile ethengisa
bacinge malunga izinto zokuxonxa, okanye izinto zodongwe. (Uya kuyifumana idilesi
yabathengisi eKapa kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 82.)
neempawu zenkqunto
Ukuba uneedropha ezincinane, abantwana bangadibanisa amanzi
nezinto ezinomsebenzi
amancinane nolu dongwe lomileyo kwinxalenye yesibini yophando.

Ukuphonononga kunye nokubhala

ingxelo
Nika iqela ngalinye uxwebhu lwephepha olunemigca
yemaphu yeengcinga ebhalwe kulo kwakunye nesitya
esincinane ekugalelwe kuso udongwe olungumgubo. Cela
abafundi ukuba baphonononge olo dongwe. Bacele ukuba
balukhe ngesandla udongwe olo, ukuze beve ukuba
luvakala njani phakathi kweminwe yabo. Bacele ukuba
baluthelekise kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nalo.
Babuze abafundi ukuba,
O Lukhangeleka njani udongwe?
O Luvakala njani udongwe?
O Ingaba ukhe wayibona na into efana nalo?
Baxelele ukuba bathethe ngoko bakubonayo noko
bakuvayo.
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3,
bacele ukuba bazibhale phantsi izinto abazibonayo
kwimaphu yabo yeengcinga (imibala, uhlobo ezivakala
ngalo, ubunzima nobulula bazo, njalo njalo). Ukanti ukuba
usebenza nabafundi beBanga R kunye nabeBanga 1
sicebisa ukuba uhamba-hambe phakathi kwamaqela la
ukuze ujonge indlela abafundi bakho abaqhuba ngayo.
Emva koko ke kuya kufuneka ukuba nibe nengxoxo yeklasi
xa usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1,
malunga noko bakubonileyo. Zibhale phantsi iimbono zabo
kuxwebhu lwephepha elinemaphu yeengcinga
obulucwangcisile.
Enye yezinto onokuyenza kukunika iqela ngalinye isipha
samagama abanokukhetha kuso kunye nesincamathelisi-
maphepha eludongeni. Le yinto eyenziwa ngootitshala
baseNorthwood. Emva koko baye bacela abantwana ukuba
bakhethe ze bancamathisele kwimaphu yeengcinga
amagama abacinga ukuba acacisa ngokupheleleyo ukuguda
noburhabaxa bento, umbala wayo, njalo, njalo.
Ukuxoxa nokunxibelelana
Abafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3
Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bakuxelele
ngabakufumanisileyo. Esi sisakhono esibalulekileyo
senkqubo yezenzululwazi esiya kunceda abafundi
bakho ukuba baphuhlise ukuzithemba ekumeni,
bathethe ngaphambili kweklasi iyonke. Kananjalo
baya kufunda ukumamela abanye xa bethethayo ze
beve ukuba bathini na kwaye becinga ntoni abanye
abafundi. Lo gama babelana ngeembono zabo
abafundi, bhala phantsi loo magalelo abo
kwimaphu yeengcinga esebhodini. Into
esiyifumanisileyo yeyokuba iiklasi ezininzi zakwazi
ukuqashela ukuba loo nto iviwayo iyintoni na
kanye. Abafundi ababekhe bahlala emaphandleni
nasezilalini, nokuba kungethuba leeholide, baba
nakho ukwazi udongwe olomileyo.

Ukuqikelela nokubhala ingxelo

Phambi kokuba unikezele ngeedropha ezinamanzi, cela abafundi ukuba bacinge
ngokuba
O Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba siye sagalela amaqabaza amancinane amanzi?
O Ingaba amanzi aya kuluguqula njani udongwe olo?
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3, bacele ukuba babhale
phantsi iingqikelelo zabo ngombala omnye kwimaphu yeengcinga. Ukuba usebenza
nabafundi beBanga R kunye nabeBanga 1, sebenzisa iikoki ukubhala iingqikelelo
zabafundi bakho. Kwakhona, cela amaqela abafundi ukuba abelane ngeengcinga
zawo neklasi iyonke, ze ubhale iingcinga zabo kwimaphu yengqondo esebhodini.
Ukuphanda, ukuqwalasela nokubhala ingxelo

Ngoku ke nikezela iidropha kwakunye namanzana amancinane kwiqela ngalinye.
Cela abafundi ukuba bagalele amaqabazana amancinane amanzi kumgubo lowo
wodongwe. Baxelele ukuba ufuna babhale phantsi oko bakufumanisileyo kwimaphu
yeengcinga ngombala owohlukileyo kulowo bebebhale ngawo iingqikelelo zabo. Buza
abafundi ukuba bafumanise ntoni na. Emva koko ke bhala oko bakufumanisileyo
kwimaphu yeengcinga esebhodini.
Ukunxibelelana
Buza abafundi bakho ukuba,
O Bebecinga (baqikelele) ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni?
Ukuguquka
O Zinto zini iinguqu abazibonileyo okanye abazivileyo?
kweempawu
zenkqunto O Kwenzeke ntoni emanzini?
Udongwe luhlobo O Ingaba iingqikelelo zabo bezichanekile kusini na?
lomhlaba O Faka iimbono zabafundi bakho kwakunye noko bakufumanisileyo kwimaphu
ocolekileyo. yeengcinga yeqela lonke, usebenzisa umbala owahlukileyo wekoki.
Amaqhekezana
omhlaba olu Ingaba sifunde ntoni na?
dongwe Ekugqibeleni, buza iklasi iyonke ukuba, “Yintoni esiyifundileyo apha?” Lunikezelo
(amaqhekezanyana lwengxelo olubaluleke kakhulu olu kuba wenza iklasi yakho ukuba ivavanye
amancinane uphando. Ungacela abafundi ukuba banike ingxelo ngoko bacinga ukuba bakufundile
kakhulu) ngokuba bakuzobe. Cela abafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3 ukuba
ngamaqhekeza
baleyibhelishe imifanekiso yabo. Musa ukuzikhathaza ngopelo lwamagama
amancinci kakhulu
olungachanekanga. Into esifuna ukuyikhuthaza kukufundwa kokubhala okusaqalayo.
kwaye akanazigaqa.
Iimpawu
zodongwe
Ukwandisa uphando
Ungawandisa amava abafundi bakho kwakunye nophando lodongwe ngokunika
olungumgubo
ziyaguquka xa umfundi ngamnye udongwe ‘olumanzi’. Udongwe olumanzi lukhangeleka
ludityaniswe ngokwentlama kwaye ungalubumba ukuba lube yiloo nto ufuna lufane nayo.
nolwelo Udongwe oluyintlama alumanzanga kakhulu njengodaka. Lona lubuqina.
olunjengamanzi, Ungaluqhekeza okanye ulushicilele, ze ulubumbe lube yiloo nto uyifunayo.
noluthi luhlanganise
amaqhekezana
Nika umntwana ngamnye udongwanyana ze ucele ukuba balubumbe olo dongwe
lawo. lufane neenyokana ezincinci ezenziwe ngodongwe olumanzi. Baxelele ukuba
Amanzanyana bathathe imilinganiselo yeenyokana zaba ze babhale phantsi ubude bazo
amancinane kumaphetshana amancinane. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba baqikelele ukuba kuya
agalelwe kwenzeka ntoni na. Umzekelo, “Ucinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwinyokana
kudongwe yakho xa udongwe lomile? Ngoba?”
angaveza udongwe
olunokubunjwa Emva koko ke beka iinyokana ezo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho ziya koma
luxonxwe. ngokucothayo kwaye zingabikho ngozini yokuqhekeka. Zigqume iinyokana ezo
Ukongezwa ngento ebuplastiki ukuze zingomi ngokukhawuleza. Xa udongwe luthe loma
kwamanzi amaninzi ngokukhawuleza, luqhekeka ngokulula ze lophuke. Emva kwethuba, xa iinyokana
kuya kwenza ezo zomile, cela abafundi ukuba bathathe imilinganiselo yeenyokana zabo. Bangade
intlama.
bayilebhelishe nemizobo yabo. Ingaba iingqikelelo zabo zichanekile? Ingaba bacinga
ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwiinyoka zabo? Kutheni?
MATTER AND MATERIALS 13

Ukuphanda ngesonka
Izinto oza kuzifuna

Sicebisa ukuba ungabi nabafundi abangaphezulu kwe-6
kwiqela ngalinye. Ukuba unabafundi aba-4 kwiqela ngalinye,
loo nto iya kwenza ukuba abafundi babe namathuba
ongezelelekileyo okuthabatha inxaxheba.
Kwicandelo lokuqala lophando, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube
umgubo wokuxova, igwele, iswekile, ityuwa, amanzi kunye
ne-oli, kwakunye nesityana esincinane seqela ngalinye.
Phambi kokuba uqalise ngolu phando
kunye nabafundi bakho, galela esinye
sezithako kwisityana esincinane
ngasinye.
Qinisekisa ukuba iqela ngalinye linento
eyahlukileyo kwelinye. Le nto ibaluleke
kakhulu. Akufuneki ukuba unike iqela
elinye izithako zonke. Ufuna ukunika
abafundi bakho into emangalisayo!
Ukuba unike iqela ngalinye into
eyahlukileyo kwelinye ukuze
liyiphonononge ze liyiphande, kukho
isizathu esisiso sokuba babelane ngoko
bakubonileyo. Esi sisakhono senkqubo
yezenzululwazi sokunxibelelana.

Ukuphanda ngeempawu zezinto ezinomsebenzi

Xa sele uzicwangcisile izitya ezo, nika iqela ngalinye
isityana esincinci esinesithako esahlukileyo kudederhu
lwezithako. Ukuba ufundisa abafundi beBanga 2 okanye
abeBanga 3, nika iqela ngalinye iphetshana elibukhulu
bungu-A3 kwakunye nosiba ukuze babhale phantsi oko
bakuqapheleyo. Sicebise ngeminye imibuzo onokuthi
uyibuze ukuze ubaphembelele ukuba baqwalasele kwaye
bacinge ngenyameko malunga nento leyo isesityeni
esisetafileni yabo. Kananjalo ufuna ukuba abantwana
baqikelele ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni na xa bechintse
amanzana okanye xa begalele amanzi amaninzi.
O Ingaba ikhangeleka njani? Yintoni ebangela ukuba
ucinge ngolo hlobo?
O Ingaba ivakala njani xa uyichukumisa?
O Ingaba ivakala njani xa uyijoja?
O Ingaba ivakala njani xa uyingcamla?
O Ingaba ucinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa uchintse
amanzi kuyo? Ukanti, kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba
ugalele amanzi amaninzi?
Cela abafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3 ukuba babhale phantsi oko
bakubonileyo kwiphetshana obanike lona. Ukanti ukuba usebenza nabafundi
beBanga R okanye beBanga 1, cela iqela ngalinye ukuba labelane nabanye ngoko
bakuqapheleyo. Emva koko bhala phantsi oko bakubonileyo kwimaphu yeengcinga
yeklasi esetshathini okanye esebhodini.
Xa kuthe akwabikho mntu ucingayo ukuba kufaneleke ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na
ngezi zithako xa zidibene zizonke, buza abafundi ukuba bacinga ukuba
kungenziwa ntoni na ngezi zithako xa zidityanisiwe zonke. Sicinga ukuba kuya
kubakho nokuba mnye umntu oya kucebisa ukuba kungenziwa isonka!
Sazi ntoni ngesonka?
Phambi kokuba ubambe ingxoxo nabafundi bakho, chitha
ixeshanyana ucinga ngento ocinga ukuba abafundi bakho
bayayazi ngesonka. Kumakhaya amaninzi isonka sisenziwa
rhoqo. Cinga ngeentlobo ezahlukileyo zezonka. Ingaba
kwenziwa isonka esinjani ngamatheko akhethekileyo? Ingaba
isonka sisetyenziswa njani kwimicimbi yenkolo kwakunye
neyenkcubeko? Ingaba isonka siphekwa ngendlela enye?
Kananjalo ungagqiba kwelokuba uqokelele izisongeli okanye
amaphepha (iiplastiki zesonka, njl) zokufaka iintlobo
zezonka ezahlukileyo ukuze ubonise iklasi yakho.
Xa ugqibe ekwenzeni ingxoxo neklasi yakho, khangela
uxwebhu lwephepha letshati kwakunye nekoki okanye
ikhrayoni. Qokelela abafundi, bakungqonge, ze ubabuze
ukuba bazi ntoni na ngesonka. Bhala phantsi yonke into
abakuxelela yona ngokohlobo lwendlu yesigcawu okanye
imaphu yeengcinga.
Musa ukulushiya olu phando kuba ningenaso isitovu se-onti esikolweni sakho.
Nokuba uwenze onke amalungiselelo nabafundi, wayixova intlama, ungayibhaka/uyipheke
intlama yesonka sakho ekhaya. Ngosuku olulandelayo ningabelana ngeso sonka eklasini.

Ukwenza isonka - ithuba lokwenza uhlanganiso

Siyathemba ukuba uya kugqiba ekubeni wenze isonka esikolweni kunye nabafundi
bakho. Olu phando yenye yezinto eziphume phambili kwiintlobo zophando
esizenzileyo, kwaye sikonwabele xa sisonke ukulwenza. Kananjalo, ikwayindlela
eyiyo yohlanganiso lwemimandla emithathu yokufunda yekharityhulamu yesiGaba
esisiSeko: ILitheresi, IzaKhono zoBomi kunye neNyumerasi. Xa senza isonka
nabafundi, kufuneka bathathe imilinganiselo yezixa zezithako, ubunzima kunye
nexesha.
Izinto oza kuzifuna
Kwiqela ngalinye kuya kufuneka
ukuba kubekho:
O isitya sokuxovela
O iphini
O ijagi okanye imagi, kunye
O neemagi zokulinganisela okanye
amacephe okulinganisela
O umgubo wengqolowa
O igwele
O iswekile
O ityuwa
O i-oli kunye
O namanzi
Kananjalo usenokugqiba ekubeni ube
nezinye izithako ezongezelelekileyo
(amaqanda, ubisi, njl) ukwenzela
ukuba amaqela abafundi abe nakho
ukwenza iintlobo zezonka
ezahlukileyo. Le ibe yinto eyenziwe
nguJean Grooter wesikolo samabanga
aphantsi, iMoravian Primary School,
ePhillipi.
Kananjalo ngumbono omhle
ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi
banxibe uhlobo oluthile lwee-ovaroli.
Oku kusenokwenziwa
ngokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki
zenkunkuma ezivulwe imingxuma
yentloko ngaphantsi, ze kugqojozwe
imingxunyana emibini yeengalo
emacaleni. Emva koko ke
usenokujongisa iplastiki leyo
yenkunkuma ezantsi, ze unxibise
abafundi ezi lokhwana.
A Khumbula ukuba iiplastiki

zenkunkuma
ezingagqojozwanga mingxuma
zingabenza abantwana
bafuthaniseleke.

Ukwabelana ngokufunda
Yenza ikopi yeresiphi, ze unike iqela ngalinye. Akukhathaliseki nokuba
usebenza nabafundi abancinane kangakanani. Eyona nto siyifunayo kukuba
baqhelane nokubona okubhaliweyo koko kubangqongileyo. Nakubeni nje
oomama, oomakazi, oomakhulu noosisi babo besenokungazisebenzisi
iiresiphi ezibhaliweyo xa bepheka, iresiphi lolunye uhlobo lombhalo
oluyinxalenye yezicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Nokuba ucinga ukuba oko iya kuba yinkcitha-xesha nje, kuba abafundi bakho
“bengekakwazi okwangoku ukufunda”, sicebisa ukuba ubanike iresiphi. Le
yenye yeendlela zokwenza ulwimi kunye nelitheresi ibe yinxalenye nento
enomongo kolu phando. Yenza ikopi ebhalwe ngokucacileyo nakakhulu ukuze
ixhonywe edongeni. Emva koko ke fundela abafundi bakho ngokuvakalayo
iresiphi leyo. Bacele ukuba bafunde kwakhona iresiphi leyo kunye nawe.
Ukupheka/ukubhaka intlama yesonka

Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngendlela isonka eso esiya kuphekwa ngayo. Izikolo ezininzi
esisebenze nazo bezingenazo izitovu zokubhaka nokupheka izonka zabo. Kodwa ziye
zenza amalungiselelo okwenza amagwinya, isonka esojiweyo, ukanti abanye bade
beza nee-onti eziphathwayo eziklasini. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba
uya kuyisombulula njani le ngxaki esikolweni sakho. Mhlawumbi, uya kugqiba
ekubeni niyixove intlama ekuzeni kuphuma kwesikolo, ukwenzela ukuba uyithathe
intlama leyo, ugoduke nayo ze uyibhake ngokwakho. Ungeza nezinto ezo ke
uziphekileyo esikolweni, ukuze ubonise ngeziphumo ezo ze kwabelwane ngezonka
ezo neklasi.
Ukuba uthathe intlama leyo wagoduka nayo, ukuze uyipheke, ungayipheka

ngeendlela ezahlukileyo. Le nto inganinika ithuba lokuba nikwazi ukuthelekisa
ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye nencasa kunye nevumba lezonka ezo.
Ukungcamla (kunye nokuvavanya) isonka esibhakiweyo

Le yindlela entle yokuhlanganisa ulwimi kunye nophando lwakho lwezenzululwazi.
Babele isonka phantse ngokulinganayo bonke abafundi bakho. Into oyifunayo
kukuba umntwana ngamnye abe nento ayingcamleyo – ngokwaneleyo – ukuze
akwazi ukucacisa ukuba injani na incasa yesonka eso kwaye yona inkangeleko yaso
injani na.
Kananjalo ufuna ukuba abafundi bakho bakwazi ukuthelekisa inkangeleko, ukuguda
noburhabaxa kwakunye nencasa yezonka ezenzelwe ukuthengiswa. Kananjalo, ufuna
bazi ukuba ingaba izonka ziyafana kusini na okanye kukho iintlobo zezonka
ezahlukileyo na (oko kuthetha igwinya, isonka esojiweyo, isonka esimhlophe, isonka
esimdaka, isonka esenziwe ngobisi, isonka esenziwe ngeqanda). Oku kuya kunika
abafundi ithuba lokuqwalasela nokunika ingxelo koko bakuphononongileyo kunye
nabakufumanisileyo.

Xa umntwana ngamnye sele efumene iqhekeza lesonka, cela

abantwana ukuba bawajonge ngenyameko lo maqhekeza. Babuze
ukuba,
O Ingaba iqhekeza elo lingachazwa njani?
O Ingaba iqhekeza elo likhangeleka njani?
Emva koko ke nika abantwana ithutyana lokuba bajonge ze bacinge
kwaye bathethe nabanye abantwana. Ungazibhala phantsi izinto
abazithethayo, okanye ungakuthatha oku njengengxoxo yomlomo.
Emva koko ke babuze ukuba,
O Ingaba isonka eso usiphetheyo sifana njani kunye nesonka
sasevenkileni okanye emarikeni?
O Ingaba ezi ntlobo zezonka zahluke njani?
Kwakhona phinda unike abafundi bakho ixesha lokuqwalasela
nokucinga ngamaqhekeza ezonka abawaphetheyo. Ukuba uzibhala
phantsi izinto abazithethayo, bhala phantsi iimpendulo zale mibuzo
kanjalo.
Emva koko ke, buza iklasi yakho ukuba,
O Ingaba injani incasa yesonka sakho?
O Yintoni isizathu sokuba bacinge njalo?
O Ingaba sivakala sirhabaxa okanye simpuluswa kusini na?
Kwakhona nika abafundi bakho ithuba lokungcamla nokucinga
ngezonka abanazo.
Ukuba wenze iintlobo ezahlukileyo zezonka okanye upheke isonka
ngeendlela ezahlukileyo, cela abafundi bakho ukuba bathelekise
izonka ezahlukileyo, iindlela ezahlukileyo zokupheka izonka,
kwakunye neencasa nokuguda noburhabaxa bezonka ezo.
Ukubhala phantsi into esiyifundileyo – Ukwabelana ngokubhala
Emva koko, kufuneka ucamngce kunye neklasi yakho malunga
noko nikwenze ninonke, kwakunye noko kufundiweyo. Thatha
iphepha elikhulu ze uxelele abantwana ukuba ufuna bakuncede
nibhale ngoko bakwenzileyo xa bebesenza izonka.
O Bacele ukuba bakuxelele ukuba yintoni na abayenzileyo kuqala.
Kufuneka ulungele ukulinda lo gama basacingayo.
O Buza kwalo mbuzo mnye kwakhona ngendlela eyahlukileyo
(umzekelo, Besiqale njani ukwenza isonka sethu?).
O Xa omnye wabantwana enika uluvo, nokuba libinzana nje,
mncome lo mntwana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubakhuthaze
abafundi bakho. Ukuba uluvo lwaloo mntwana asinto yakuqala
ngqa abantwana abathe bayenza, bakhumbuze ukuba ufuna
ukubhala yonke into abayenzileyo. Yintoni eyiyeyona yokuqala
esiyenzileyo?
O Khuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bakunike izivakalisi ezizezabo
kwakunye namagama angawabo zama kangangoko ukuba
ungabhali ngokwamagama akho. Bhala oko abantwana
bakuxelela kona.
Emva kokuba ubhale zonke izivakalisi, cela abafundi ukuba
bafunde izivakalisi kunye nawe. Lo gama usongeza izivakalisi,
khuthaza abafundi ukuba bafunde kunye nawe konke oko
ukubhalileyo. Lo gama ubaphembelelayo abafundi, zama
ukubakhuthaza abantwana ukuba bacinge ngolandelelwano loko
bakwenzileyo.

Usakuba uzibhale phantsi zonke iintlobo zamava ngokwenziweyo, funda

ngokuvakalayo konke okubhaliweyo othe wena kunye nabafundi bakho nakuyila.
Buza abafundi ukuba ingaba bonwatyisiwe kusini na koko bathe bakuyila. Ingaba
ulandelelwano lufanelekile? Ingaba bangacinga ngandlela yimbi ilungileyo
yokuthetha ngento ethile? Eli lithuba elifanelekileyo lokuba wena kunye nabafundi
bakho, manihlele nilungise iziphene koko bebekuyalela ukuba ukubhale. Le
yinxalenye yenkqubo yokubhala. Abafundi bakho baza kuba becinga kwaye
belinganisa ababhali bokwenene. Thatha umbala wekoki ongomnye okanye
ikhrayoni enombala owahlukileyo ukuze wenze ingququ ngayo. Emva koko uya
kubhala uluhlu olulungileyo nolungenaziphene, oza kuluxhoma kudonga lweklasi
yakho. Ungaqalisa nencwadi yabafundi bakho yeeresiphi ezithandwayo kunye
nabantwana abo.
Ukwabelana ngokubhala yindlela elungileyo yokubandakanya ukuziqhelanisa
nokuziqeqesha okunomongo kwelitheresi kumsebenzi wezobunzululwazi eklasini
yakho. Abantwana baya kuba nomdla ze bakulandele oko ukubhalayo noko
bakufundayo kuba bebebandakanyeke ngokukuko kwinkqubo yokwenza isonka,
kwaye nangenxa yokuba bebencedisile ekwakhiweni koko kubhaliweyo. Nokuba
abafundi bakho basaqala ukufunda, oku ngamava anexabiso elikhulu, kwaye
Xa oosonzululwazi abantwana baya kufunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo ngokuphathelelene nokufunda,
bechaza iintlobo ukubhala kwakunye nezicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo.
zophando
abalwenzayo, Eminye imisebenzi yolwimi enokukhutshwa ngala mava
basebenzisa amagama O Ukubhala imicu yezivakalisi emaphepheni ukuze abantwana bazibeke
anjengala alandelayo
ngokokulandelelana kwazo, nto leyo ilandela uhlobo ebebenze ngalo oko
ukucacisa inkqubo
yophando:
bakwenzileyo.
Okokuqala, O Ukwenza incwadi malunga nendlela yokwenza isonka.
Phambi, O Ukufunda oko kubhalwe kwiipakethi zezithako esizisebenzise ekwenzeni
Elandelayo, isonka.
Emva koko, O Ukuqokelela amabali kwakunye nemibongo malunga nesonka - (iilofu ezintlanu
Ze, kunye neentlanzi ezintlanu zasebhayibhileni).
Okokugqibela. O Ibali lesikhukukazi esincinane – ukugqala ngokwelitheresi- buza abafundi
ukuba “xa ibiyihagu le ibibalisa (okanye esinye sezilwanyana), eli bali beliza
kwahluka njani?”
Uluhlu O Ukulanda umkhondo webali lesonka -
lweenguqulelo k Qala kwiqebengwana lesonka oya kuthi uze nalo eklasini ukuze abafundi
KwezeNzululwazi sithi babalise ibali lalo ukusuka kule meko likuyo bahlehle umva ukuya
sicinge ngendlela ekuqaleni.
iimpawu zezinto
k Iqebengwana lisuka kwizilayi ezi-2 zezonka
eziguquka ngayo. Xa
sisenza isonka, kwaye
k Izilayi ezi-2 zezonka zisikwe kwilofu yesonka
sidibanisa izithako k Ivenkile ithenge ilofu yesonka kwivenkile ebhaka izonka.
ezahlukileyo, iimpawu k Ilofu yesonka yabhakwa e-ontini. njl (inkqubo yobuchwepheshe yokuhlela
zezithako ezahlukileyo nokwenziwa kwezinto ezinomsebenzi)
ziyaguquka. O Khuthaza iklasi yakho ukuba izobe ze ibhale malunga neemeko ezahlukileyo
Iimpawu zezinto apho izonka ezahlukileyo bezenziwe khona zaze zatyiwa khona.
ziyaguquka xa sithe
sazidibanisa, kananjalo Ukwandisa uphando
iimpawu ziyaguquka xa
zifakwe ebushushwini
Eminye imibuzo onokucinga ngayo kunye nabafundi
(xa ziphekiwe).
O Kwenzeka ntoni esonkeni
Ukufakwa kwezinto – emva kwexesha elithile?
ebushushwini – ukuba usifake ekhabhathini emnyama?
(ukubhaka okanye – ukuba usishiye ze / ungasisongelanga?
ukupheka)kwenza ukuba sithe samanziswa?
iinguqu O Kutheni ezinye iintlobo zesonka zingunda nje? Kukuthini ukungunda? Zeziphi
esingenakukwazi ezinye izinto ezingundayo?
ukuzihlehlisa.
O Singenza ntoni ngesonka? Singasigcada; isonka kunye nepudini yebhotolo ...

ICANDELO 2
Ubomi neMpilo
Ukuphanda ngezinambuzane
Nokuba uziva njani na ngezinambuzane, siyathemba ukuba wena neklasi
yakho niya kuphanda ngezi ntlobo zahlukileyo zezidalwa ezincinane
ezifumaneka kwindawo enikuyo. Abantwana abancinane badla ngokuba
nomdla kakhulu kwizidalwa ezincinane ezahlukileyo ezifumaneka
endalweni kwaye izinambuzane zingumthombo omhle kakhulu
notyebileyo wophando.
Kuya kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga nexesha
lonyaka oya kukhetha ukuphanda ngalo
ezi zidalwa. Thina ke siye
sakhetha ukuphela kwehlobo
nokuqala kokwindla,
ngexesha lokwanda
kwezidalwa ezincinane
endalweni.
Kodwa eli ayilo

xesha lokuphanda
kuphela.
Unokufumanisa ukuba
ukuphela kwentwasahlobo
nokuqala kwehlobo
ikwalixesha elifanelekileyo.

Zintoni izinambuzane?
Sithetha ukuthini ‘ngezinambuzane’? Izinambuzane zizidalwa ezincinane,
zikwabizwa ngokuba zirhorho ezincinci (mini-beasts). Ezi zinambuzane ziquka
iintethe, iimpukane, oohlabamanzi, amabhungane, ooqongqothwane, iimbovane,
izigcawu, iinkumba neenyekevu, imisundululu, amacilikishe, amalovane,
oonqinishe, nayo nayiphi na into esisilwanyanana esincinane. Kodwa ke, ukuba
siza kufunda ngezinambuzane kunye nabafundi abancinane, kukho izidalwa
ezinokuba yingozi xa kuphandwa ngazo. Abantwana basenokuhlatywa okanye
batyiwe zizo. Nakubeni nje sifuna ukukhuthaza abafundi bethu ukuba babe
zimfunalwazi, asifuni ukuba babe sengozini. Kodwa oko asinakukusebenzisa
njengesizathu sokuphepha lo mbandela wezobunzululwazi.
Ukwazisa ngophando
Kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo onokwazisa ngazo olu phando. Ingayinto
entle ukuba abafundi bakho bangalukhokela okanye ibe ngabo
abahamba phambili kuphando olu. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba
umntwana unesidalwa esincinane asifumeneyo, kufanele ukuba
usisebenzise isidalwa eso. Isidalwa eso mayibe yindawo oza kuqala
kuyo uphando, ukuze ke ulandelise ngokufunisela ngakumbi
ngesidalwa eso kwakunye nezinye izidalwa jikelele.
Ukusebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye nabeBanga 3
Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nephepha elikhulu kwakunye
neekoki okanye iikhrayoni. Kufuneka ulungiselele uphando
ngokubhala igama elithi, “izinambuzane” embindini
wephepha, ze emva koko ukrwele imigca esuka apho
embindini, uleyibhelishe, wenze into ebundlu yesigcawu /
imaphu yeengcinga engqonge igama elo. Zama ukufumana
imifanekiso okanye incwadi yemifanekiso
engezinambuzane ukuze wabelane ngoku kunye
nabafundi. Ungayixhoma imifanekiso leyo eludongeni
lweklasi, okanye ubeke iincwadi kwitafile ekhethekileyo
ukuze abafundi babe nokujonga kuyo ngokuthe cwaka xa
sele bewugqibile umsebenzi.
UBOMI NEMPILO 21
Qala ngokuqokelela abafundi,

bakungqonge. Ungasebenzisa ibali,
umfanekiso, okanye isinambuzane
esifunyenwe ngomnye wabantwana
bakho, okanye izinambuzane
ezahlukileyo ozikhethileyo othe
wazifumana. Nokuba yeyiphi na
indlela oyikhethayo yokuqalisa olu
phando, xa usazisa isihloko, buza
abafundi ukuba,
O Sazi ntoni ngezinambuzane?
O Zeziphi izinambuzane esizaziyo?
Xa abantwana benika iimpendulo,
bhala iimpendulo zabo kwimaphu
yeengcinga obuyicwangcisile.
Sebenzisa naluphi na ulwimi
abafundi abakunika iimpedulo
ngalo. Nokuba bayazixuba iilwimi kulungile.
Ungasebenzisa eli thuba ukuphuhlisa nokwandisa ulwazi lwabafundi lolwimi
lwabo lwenkobe okanye ulwimi olongezelelweyo.
Xa usebenza
Ukuqwalasela izinambuzane
Okokuqala, kuwo onke amaBanga kuya kufuneka ukuba kubekho iipensile nabafundi
zokubhala namaphetshana okubhala ukwenzela ukuba abafundi bazobe oko abancinane,
bakubonayo. Xa kuthe kanti ufundisa abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3,
kulungile
unokukhetha ukuba wenze ntoni na. Usenokugxininisa kwisinambuzane esinye
ngexesha, okanye ungacela iqela ngalinye ukuba liphande ngesidalwa esahlukileyo. ukuba
Xa sele usithathile isigqibo sendlela oza kuluqala ngayo uphando, kuya kufuneka ukhokele
ukuba kuqokelelwe izinambuzane ezaneleyo ukuze iqela ngalinye libe indlela
nesinambuzane esisesalo eliza kukwazi ukusiqwalasela ngokulula. Ungazifumana
abaqwalasela
ezinye iindidi zemizekelo yezinambuzane ngokwakho, okanye ungakhuphela
ngaphandle abafundi ukuze babe nokuqokelela izinambuzane. ngayo izinto.
iikritsi
isongololo

Xa usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, sicebisa ukuba ugxininise

kwisinambuzane esinye kwixesha ngalinye. Mhlawumbi kuza kufuneka ukuba
uqokelele imizekelo yeso sidalwa ogqibe ukuba ugxininise kuso. Nokuba yintoni
na othe wayifumana iya kuxhomekeka kwixesha lonyaka kwakunye nendawo
isikolo sakho esikuyo. Naxa kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufumane izidalwa
ezoneleyo ukwenzela ukuba iqela ngalinye libe nakho ukuqwalasela izinambuzane
ezimbalwa.
Nokuba ufundisa liphi na iBanga, kwaye nokuba uziqokelele ngokwakho na
izinambuzane okanye ziqokelelwe ngabafundi bakho, kuya kufuneka uzilungiselele
‘iihotele’ eziza kuhlala kuzo izinambuzane lo gama uphanda ngazo. Le nto idibana
kakuhle kakhulu neTeknoloji kwaye unakho nokubandakanya abafundi
ekwakhiweni kwezi ‘hotele’.
Sifumanise ukuba iibhotile ezibukhulu buziilitha ezi-2 zeplastiki esele zisebenzile
ezicocekileyo ziwufanele kakuhle kakhulu lo msebenzi. Ungasika ngobunono
umphezulu, ze uphendulele okanye ugobe umphezulu ukuze izinambuzane sibe
nakho ukuphefumla kodwa singakwazi ukuphuma ehotele phambi kokuba wena
nabafundi niphande ngaso. Kananjalo ungasebenzisa iiplasitiki ezinomoya
ngokwaneleyo zokufaka izinto kwizikhenkcezisi. Ungasigcina isinambuzane usuku
ukuya kwezimbini phambi kokuba usikhulule sihambe.
Ukuqwalasela kunye nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3
Ukuba abafundi bakho ubaqokelelele ngokwakho izinambuzane,
nikezela ngezimbalwa (zikwiihotele zazo) kwiqela ngalinye labafundi.
Ukanti ukuba abafundi baziqokelelele izinambuzane zabo,
banokuziqwalasela lo gama ziseziplastikini ezikhanyayo. Xelela
abafundi ukuba baziqwalasele ngenyameko enkulu izinambuzane
zabo. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bazobe oko bakubonayo. Kuya kufuneka
ubanike ixesha elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi abafundi ukuze babe
nakho ukuzoba imifanekiso eqiqiweyo. Ukuzoba kufuna ukuba
siqwalasele ngenyameko enkulu oko siza kukuzoba kwaye kunika
ubungqina bendlela ubani ebeqwalasele ngenyameko ngayo loo nto
ebeyiqwalasela, akukhathaliseki nokuba loo mntu ‘uzoba kakuhle
kangakanani na’. Kananjalo ungacela abafundi ukuba baleyibhelishe
imizobo yabo.
Ukuqwalasela kunye nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1
Xa usebenza nabafundi abancinane, kulungile ukuba ukhokele indlela
abaqwalasela ngayo izinto. Okokuqala, kufuneka ubeke izinambuzane ezimbalwa
kwitafile yeqela ngalinye ukuze abafundi babe nakho ukuqwalasela ezo
zinambuzane. Emva koko ke abafundi kufuneka bakungqonge, ze ubaxelele ukuba
ufuna baqwalasele ngenyameko enkulu izidalwa ezo uzibeke ezitafileni zabo.
Bayalele abafundi ukuba baphindele kumaqela abo ze
ubacele ukuba baqwalasele izinambuzane zabo, emva koko
ke uya kuphinda ubabizele kuwe ukuze bakuxelele ngoko
bakubonileyo.
Hamba-hamba apha phakathi kwamaqela, uzama ukubonisa
abafundi iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezinambuzane obakhuphele
zona. Usakuba uqinisekisile ukuba abafundi bafumene ithuba
elaneleyo lokuqwalasela izinambuzane, phinda ubasondeze
kuwe. Buza iklasi iyonke ukuba ibone ntoni na, iyintoni na
abayiqapheleyo ngezidalwa. Siqinisekile ukuba uya
kufumanisa ukuba abantwana abancinane banomqwalasela
omkhulu. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi uza kufuna ukubakhombisa
kwaye ugxininise umba othile.
UBOMI NEMPILO 23
Yile nto kanye eyenziwa nguCheryl

Johannes wesikolo samabanga aphantsi,
iNorthwood Primary School, ngethuba
ephanda ngeentethe kunye nabafundi
bakhe beBanga 1. UCheryl waye waxoxa
ngeentethe nabafundi bakhe, waze
wabathumela ezitafileni zabo ukuze
baqwalasele iinkcukacha ezithile.
Abafundi bathe bakufumana ithuba
lokuphinda baqwalasele iintethe
kwakhona, babuya nezinye izinto
ezongezelelekileyo abazibonileyo
nabathe banika ingxelo ngazo. Bhala
oko abafundi bakuxelela kona
kwimaphu yeengcinga nanjengoko
uSarah Genever wenzayo nabafundi
bakhe beBanga 1 eDietrich Moravian.
Emva koko ke yalela abafundi bakho ukuba babuyele ezitafileni zabo, ze ubanike
ixesha lokuzoba ngocoselelo oko bakubonileyo. Le nto asiyonto ‘nje elula’.
Ukuzoba kungumsebenzi obalulekileyo nako, ngakumbi xa kwenziwa ngenkathalo
nokuqiqa. Uya kumangaliswa yindlela abanye abantwana abawucoselela ngayo lo
msebenzi. Xhoma eminye yemifanekiso yabantwana kudonga lweklasi yakho,
okanye uncamathisele eminye yemifanekiso kwincwadi engezinambuzane.
Inyekevu iphela
imbovane
Ibhabhathane

Ukuqokelela izinambuzane
Ukuba uceba ukuvumela abafundi bakho ukuba baziqokelelele izinambuzane,
kufuneka ubanike imiyalelo ecacileyo nengqingqwa phambi kokuba baye
kukhangela izinambuzane. Kananjalo, usenokuxoxa ngezinto abafundi
abasenokuzifumana xa beqokelela izinambuzane.
Kufuneka ubakhumbuzile abantwana ukuba ezinye izinambuzane ziyaluma kwaye
zinobungozi. Baxelele ukuba maze bangakuzami ukubamba iinyosi kunye
noonomeva okanye izigcawu. Xa becinga ukuba isinambuzane esithile
singanobungozi, bakhuthaze ukuba bacele uncedo kuwe.
Khumbuza abafundi ukuba kufuneka balumke xa beqokelela iimbovane.
Kananjalo, bakhumbuze ukuba ezinye zezigcawu zinobungozi kwaye bubulumko
ukuba baziyeke izigcawu.
Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nento abantwana abaza kuqokelelela kuyo
izinambuzane zabo. Sifumanise ukuba iiplastiki ezincinane ezikhanyayo
zokukhenkcisa zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Uqwalaselo olwandisiweyo
Uya kufumana Emva kolu phononongo lokuqala, siya kukhuthaza ukuba uziphande banzi
imizekelo izinambuzane. Qala ngokwenza enye ingxoxo kunye nabafundi bakho. Sicebisa
kwisiHlomelo
ukuba uyilungiselele le ngxoxo ngokwenza iTshati ye-L-F-F (Loluphi uLwazi esele
esikwiphepha 74
kwakunye nephepha
sinalo? Yintoni esiFuna ukuyazi? Yintoni esiyiFundileyo?), okanye iTshati ye-L-F-C-
75. N-F (Loluphi uLwazi esele sinalo? Yintoni esiFuna ukuyazi?Yintoni esiyiCingayo?
Singayifumanisa Njani le nto? Yintoni esiyiFundileyo?).
Le yindlela elungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba uphando okhokelela kulo abafundi
lujolise kulwazi kwakunye nemidla yabo. Ekugqibeleni kophando ungabuza
abafundi bakho ukuba bafumanise ntoni na, kwaye ungababuza nokuba yintoni na
abacinga ukuba bayifundile. Ngako oko le yindlela yokubhala phantsi isicwangciso
somsebenzi kwakunye nohlobo lomsebenzi lowo kujoliswe kuwo.
Yalela abafundi beklasi yakho ukuba bakungqonge. Bazise abafundi bakho
ngeTshati ye-L-F-C-N-F, ukuba zange uyisebenzise ngaphambili. Babuze ukuba
bazi ntoni na ngesinambuzane esithile.
iTshati ye-L-F-C-N-F
Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba esisiSeko Bhala oko bakuxelela kona
phantsi koludwe
Loluphi Yintoni Yintoni Singayifumanisa Yintoni
olunesihloko esithi, ‘Loluphi
ULWAZI esele ESIFUNA ESIYICINGAYO? NJANI le nto? ESIYIFUNDILEYO?
uLwazi esele sinalo?’ Uya
sinalo? ukuyazi?
kumangaliswa ziinkcukacha
abaya kukunika zona
abafundi kwakunye
nabafundi abaya kukunika
ezo nkcukacha. Emva koko
ke buza abafundi bakho
ukuba, ‘Yintoni esiFuna
ukuyazi?’ Phinda ubhale
phantsi yonke imibuzo
abanayo abafundi okanye
konke abafuna
ukukufumanisa. Emva koko
ke buza abafundi ukuba,
‘NiCinga ukuba
singakufumanisa Njani oko
sikufunayo?’
UBOMI NEMPILO 25
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, mhlawumbi ungabacela

Ezinye isidalwa ziyalala
abafundi ukuba basebenze ngokwamaqela, ukuze baqale ngokucwangcisa
ngeenyanga zonyaka
nokuceba oko bafuna ukukwenza. Babuze nendlela abanokufumana ngayo ezibandayo. Zithi
iimpendulo zemibuzo yabo. zizimele kwaye
Ukanti, ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R nabeBanga 1, mhlawumbi imizimba yazo ingenzi
nto ngeli thuba.
ungakuxoxa oku neklasi xa iyonke, ze ubhale iingcinga neempendulo zabo
kuxwebhu lwephepha olusebhodini.
Eminye imibuzo enokubuzwa kuphando
O Ingaba zenzani ezi zidalwa?
O Ucinga ukuba zitya ntoni? Ingaba zisela ntoni?
O Zizimela nini okanye ziphumla nini?
O Ingaba zizimela phi okanye ziphumla phi?
O Ingaba ziyaguquka ngokwemo zibe yenye into?
O Ingaba ziguquka njani?
Sifunde ntoni?
Emva kokuba abafundi bakho benze uphando lwabo, cwangcisa ixesha lokuba
kuxoxwe ngento abayifundileyo. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye
abeBanga 3, nika iqela ngalinye ithuba lokunika ingxelo yophando lwabo, into
abaceba ukuyenza, into abathe bayenza xa bebephanda, oko bathe bakufumanisa,
kwakunye noko bacinga ukuba bakufundile.
Ukanti ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R
kwakunye nabeBanga 1, baqokelelele ecaleni
kwakho abafundi ukuze bakungqonge ze ubacele
ukuba bacinge ngoko bagqiba kukwenza. Babuze
ukuba,
O Yintoni esiyenze kuqala?
O Yintoni esilandelise ngayo?
O Ze ke emva koko senza ntoni?
O Leyo into ilandelwe yintoni?
O Kuye kwenzeka ntoni ke?
O Yintoni esiyifumanisileyo?
Ngolu hlobo ke uya kube ukhuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bacamngce ngala
mava obunzululwazi, kwaye uyabakhuthaza ukuba bafunde belandelelanisa oko
bakwenzileyo ngokolandelelwano olululo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwikhondo
lakho xa ubhala kwezenzululwazi xa sele usesikolweni.
Ukwandisa uphando
Yeyiphi imibuzo esingathanda ukuyibuza izinambuzane zethu? Nokuba
Lo gama izinambuzane ziseklasini yakho, mhlawumbi ungathanda ukubamba
iingxoxo ezongezelelekileyo nabafundi bakho ngezinambuzane ezo. Mhlawumbi usebenza
ungabuza abafundi ukuba mibuzo mini abanokuthanda ukuyibuza ezinye nabafundi
zezinambuzane. Uya kuthi ke ubhale imibuzo yabafundi bakho leyo. Le mibuzo abancinci
ingasisiqalo sophando olongezelelekileyo, okanye imfunalwazi. Mhlawumbi
ungamema uMququzeleli wezobuNzululwazi kwisikolo sakho ukuze azokuthetha kakhulu,
nabantwana ze aphendule imibuzo yabo. Okanye ungamema utitshala kufanele uzame
wezenzululwazi wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuze azokuthetha nabafundi ukucela
bakho.
abafundi
IiJenali zezeNzululwazi bakho ukuba
Nokuba usebenza nabafundi abancinci kakhulu, kufanele uzame ukucela abafundi bagcine iijenali
bakho ukuba bagcine iiJenali zezeNzululwazi. Le yinto ayenzayo uKaren Gallas,
oyititshala yabafundi beBanga 1 eMelika. Ekuqaleni konyaka ngamnye uthi anike zezeNzululwazi.

umfundi ngamnye wakhe weBanga 1 iJenali yezeNzululwazi. Abantwana

abafundisayo bakuqhelile ukuba neejenali kwakwiBanga R. Bayazi ukuba ijenali
ibanika indawo yokuzoba kwaye kulapho iingcinga kwanemibuzo ebalulekileyo
banokuyibhala khona. “Kubantwana abaninzi inkqubo yokubhala kwijenali ibanika
iqonga lokubuza imibuzo ze bazame ukuphendula loo mibuzo.” (NguGalas, 1994:80)
Ukwenza iincwadana ezincinane zengcaciso
Emva kokuphanda ngezinambuzane, mhlawumbi
ungathanda ukucela abafundi bakho ukuba benze
incwadana encinane yengcaciso ngesinambuzane
ngasinye abaphande ngaso. Iphepha ngalinye
linganomzobo kwakunye nesivakalisi esisezantsi
kwawo. Oku kwenziwa nguCheryl Johannes xa
wayesebenza nabafundi bakhe beBanga 1
eNorthwood.
Nakubeni nje abantwana abaninzi bengekakwazi
ukufunda nokubhala okwangoku, banganakho
ukubhala (ngokuzoba) amava kwaneengcinga zabo
kwiijenali ngakumbi kweyobunzululwazi. UKaren
Gallas ucacisa indlela abathi nabo bantwana
basabhidekayo kokuqukwa zezobunzululwazi, abathi
baqonde ngayo oko kwenziwayo kwezobunzululwazi
ngokuzoba nokubhala kwiijenali zabo.
Ngezantsi apha uya kubona eminye yemizekelo
yomsebenzi wabafundi besiGaba sesiSeko esuka
kwincwadi ebhalwe ngu-Ellen Doris eyaziwa
ngokuba, yiDoing What Scientists Do: Children Learn
to Investigate Their World. Kulo mzekelo, uya
kuqaphela ukuba uJinja ubhale phantsi oko
akubonileyo kwakunye neengcinga zakhe malunga
nesitswele asityalileyo. Iijenali zinendima enkulu
kakhulu nebalulekileyo eziyidlalayo ekuphuhliseni
ukuqonda komntwana ngenzululwazi. Uya
kufumana amaXwebhu amaPhepha
okuPhonononga nonokuthi uwakopele
abafundi bakho ukuze babhale (bazobe ze
babhale) ngoko bakubonileyo nabaphande
ngako, kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 65-73.
Inyekevu”
esuka
eNorthwood
UBOMI NEMPILO 27
Ukuphanda ngezityalo
iStock Photos
Amalungiselelo
Phambi kokuba uqalise uphando lwezityalo
kunye nabafundi bakho, zama ukuchitha
ixesha ekupheleni kosuku lwesikolo uhlola
amabala esikolo. Ngamanye amaxesha siye
sicinge ukuba azikho izityalo kwindawo
ethile kokusingqongileyo. Mhlawumbi oku
kubangelwa kukuba sicinga ukuba izityalo
ezo sizibonayo azinamsebenzi okanye
azizihlanga. Kodwa siyakuqinisekisa
ukuba uya kuba nakho ukufumana
imbinana yezityalo ukuba uvule
amehlo ngokwaneleyo. Ixesha lonyaka
liya kuba nempembelelo koko
ukufumanayo kumabala esikolo.
Yingcingane elungileyo
ukufumana ezinye iincwadi
zezityalo zaseMzantsi Afrika
ukuze uzibekelele kakuhle
eklasini yakho. Ukuba awukwazi
ukufumana iincwadi ezinjalo kwisikolo sakho, tyelela ithala leencwadi
lasekuhlaleni. Buza igosa lethala leencwadi labantwana, ze ulicacisele ngokuba
ufuna ukuphanda ngezityalo nabantwana bakho. Amanye amagosa kumathala
eencwadi zabantwana aluncedo olukhulu, kwaye mhlawumbi angakunceda ukuba
ufumane iincwadi ezifanelekileyo. Ungade ngelinye ixesha ufumane neencwadi
ezinamabali enziwe ngemifanekiso.

Zeziphi izityalo esizaziyo?

Qala ngokwenza uluhlu lwazo zonke izityalo abafundi bakho abanokucinga ngazo.
Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube noxwebhu lwetshati kwakunye neekoki okanye iikhrayoni.
Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bacimele okomzuzwana ze bacinge ngazo zonke izityalo
abathe bazibona ngolo suku. Banike imizuzwana embalwa ukuba bathethe kunye
noogxa babo ze babelane ngoko bakwaziyo. Emva koko ke cela abafundi bakho
ukuba bakuxelele ngazo zonke izityalo abazaziyo kwakunye nezo banokuthi bacinge
ngazo. Xa abantwana bekuxelela ngoko bakwaziyo, bhala iimpendulo zabo
ngokoluhlu kuxwebhu lwetshati. Ukuba usondeze abafundi ecaleni kwakho, wonke
umntu uya kuba nakho ukubona kakuhle yonke into oyibhalayo.
Xa sele unoluhlu olude, luphonononge uluhlu olo kunye nabafundi bakho ze ubacele
ukuba bakuxelele ukuba zeziphi izityalo eziyimithi. Ziphawule ezo zityalo
ziseluhlwini ngombala owahlukileyo wekoki okanye ikhrayoni. Ingaba kukho eminye
imithi abafundi bakho abayaziyo okanye abanokucinga ngayo? Yongeza amagama
aloo mithi kuluhlu lwakho.
Yintoni esinokuyifumana kumabala esikolo?

Hlela abafundi bakho ngokwezibini ze
ubakhuphe ukuze kuphandwe ngokukhula
kumabala esikolo. Musa ukuchitha ixesha
elide kakhulu ngaphandle. Eyona nto
uyifuna kakhulu kukuba abafundi bathi
jezu nje oko kungaphandle. Ufuna ukuba
uqhubekeke nokwakha ukuqonda kwabo
izityalo kokubangqongileyo.
Usakuba uphindele eklasini, ungongeza
amagama ezinye izityalo kuluhlu olwenze
kunye neklasi yakho. Ukuba uthathe omnye
umbala wekhrayoni okanye ikoki, uya kuba
nengxelo yamanqanaba amathathu
omsebenzi wokuqala. Oku kuya kukunika
ingxelo yohlolo oluqhubekekayo.
Ufuna ukuba Sazi ntoni malunga nezityalo? Sifuna ukwazi ntoni?

babhale phantsi Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3
malunga noko Nika iqela ngalinye uxwebhu lwephepha olubukhulu bungu-A4 oluneTshati
bakwaziyo ye-L-F-F (khangela kwiphepha 74). Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bachaze ukuba,
ngezityalo, Yintoni abayaziyo malunga nezityalo, kwakunye nokuba, Yintoni abafuna ukuyazi
malunga nezityalo. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna ukuba iqela ngalinye
kwakunye noko lizalise itshati obanike yona. Ufuna ukuba babhale phantsi malunga noko
bafuna ukukwazi. bakwaziyo ngezityalo, kwakunye noko bafuna ukukwazi.
UBOMI NEMPILO 29
Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba esisiSeko
Basakuba abafundi bezalise izintlu ezimbini zetshati, Loluphi

Yintoni Yintoni Singayifuman Yintoni
ungaxelela iqela ngalinye ukuba babelane ngoko ULWAZI
esele sinalo? ESIFUNA ESIYICING isa NJANI le ESIYIFUNDILE
ukuyazi? AYO? nto? YO?
bakubhalileyo, okanye uxhome itshati yeqela ngalinye
kudonga lweklasi. Le yinto abafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye
nabeBanga 3 abanakho ukuyenza, bezenzela nje. Xelela
abafundi ukuba akukho mfuneko yakuzihlupha ngopelo
kwakunye nokubhala kakuhle. Into oyifunayo kukuba babeke
izimvo ephepheni. Kambe ukuba basebenza ngokwamaqela,
bafanele ukwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi nje kakuhle.
Abafundi beBanga R kwakunye nabeBanga 1
Ukuba ufundisa abafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1,
yenza eli candelo kumsebenzi wakho. Qokelela abafundi
ubayalele ukuba bakungqonge ze uxhome itshati ye-L-F-F
enkulu ekuxwebhu lwephepha. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba
bakuxelele ngayo yonke into abayaziyo ngezityalo. Uya
kumangaliswa lulwazi abanalo abafundi abaninzi.
Abantwana abakhe bahlala emaphandleni nasezilalini
baqhele ukuba babe nobutyebi obungumangaliso bolwazi
lwezityalo nezilwanyana. Bhala iinkcukacha abakunika zona
abafundi phantsi koluhlu oluthi, Yintoni esiyaziyo ngeziTyalo.
Emva koko ke cela abafundi ukuba bakuxelele ngezinto
abanokuthanda ukuzazi ngezityalo. Phinda, ubhale imibuzo
yabafundi etshatini, phantsi koluhlu oluthi, Yintoni esiFuna
ukuyazi ngeziTyalo. Emva koko ke xhoma itshati edongeni
ukuze abantwana babe nakho ukulujonga xa besenza
uphando ngezityalo.
Ukuphononongwa nzulu kwesityalo

Zininzi izinto onokukhetha ukuzenza kulo msebenzi
wokuphonononga. Unakho ukuza nemizekelo yezityalo
eklasini yakho ukuze iqela ngalinye libe nezityalo ezimbalwa eliza kuzijonga.
Okanye, usenokucela abafundi ukuba bazame ukuza nesityalo, okanye imveliso
yesityalo eklasini. Oku kungaquka iziqhamo, imifuno, iintyatyambo okanye into
eyenziwe ngesityalo. Banike abafundi bakho ithuba lokucinga ukuba yintoni na
abanokuza nayo. Uya kumangaliswa bubuninzi nokwahluka kwezinto abafundi
bakho abaya kuza nazo, kwaye oku kuya kukukrobisa kubutyebi bolwazi esele
benalo.
Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube noxwebhu lwephepha olungenanto
lomntwana ngamnye kwakunye nezinto zokubhala. Zama ukucenga
inqununu yesikolo sakho ukuba ithenge izinto zokubhala
ezisemgangathweni ngakumbi ezokuzoba. Ukuzoba yindlela entle
yokwenza ukuba abantwana babe nokuqwalasela izinto ngenyameko.
Ke ngoko kulula ukuzoba ngeepensile ezibhala kancinci (ezinjenge-B,
2B,3B, njl) kunokuzoba ngeepensile ezigxininisayo (ezinjenge-H, 2H,
3H, njl) Gcina ezi pensile zibhala kancinane kwindawo
ekhuselekileyo. Nanini na ke xa ufuna abafundi ukuba baqwalasele
into ethile ze bazobe, ungabanika izinto zokubhala ezilungileyo.
Khuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bayizobe loo nto bayenzayo. Le
asinto yakugxajagxajiswa. Ukuzoba ngenyameko kuthatha ixesha.
Nika abafundi bakho ixesha elaneleyo lokujonga ngocoselelo
ezityalweni ukuze bazobe oko bakubonayo. Kananjalo basenokongeza
nangayiphi na ingcaciso abanokuba bayayazi okanye imibuzo
abasenokuba banayo ngesityalo eso.

Basakuyigqiba imifanekiso yabo abafundi beklasi yakho, yixhome eludongeni. Nika

abafundi bakho ithuba lokuba bajonge imisebenzi yoogxa babo. Into
esiyifumanisileyo yeyokuba abantwana bafunda ukuyihlonipha imisebenzi yabanye
xa benikwe iwonga lokwenza njalo kunye nembeko. Xa abafundi bejonga
umsebenzi woogxa babo, bafunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo malunga nendlela
eyahlukileyo yokwenza umsebenzi othile. Sicinga ngokwahlukileyo. Kanjalo
imifanekiso iyakubonisa oku. Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ubuGcisa neNkcubeko
kunye nezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo. Kananjalo uya kuba nobungqina
obuxabisekileyo nobulungileyo boko kunokwenziwa ngabafundi bakho.
Ukuphonononga amabala esikolo

Phambi kokuba uthathe abafundi bakho ubase
kuphononongo lwamabala esikolo, baxelele ukuba ufuna
bajonge izityalo ngocoselelo nangenyameko. Baxelele ukuba
ufuna bajonge izityalo ngocoselelo nangenyameko ukuze
bafumane ubungqina bendlela izityalo ezenza ngayo ezinye
izityalo. Yahlula-hlula abantwana bakho ngokwamaqela ze
wabele iqela ngalinye ummandla othile wesikolo. Emva koko
ke bakhuphele ngaphandle abantwana. Lo gama abafundi
baphonononga izityalo, hamba-hamba apha phakathi
kwamaqela. Mamela izinto abazixelela abanye malunga
nezinto abaziqaphelayo.
Nisakubuyela eklasini, kufuneka ubambe
ingxoxo nabafundi bakho ukuze nabelane
ngoko nikufumanisileyo. Buza abafundi
ukuba,
O Yintoni eniyifumanisileyo?
O Niyawazi amagama ahlukileyo ezi
zityalo?
O Ingaba kukho izityalo ezinamagqabi
atyiweyo?
O Ingaba loo magqabi atyiwe ngubani?
O Ingaba siyazi ukuba injani loo nto?
O Ngubani obone iintyatyambo okanye
iziqhamo, okanye imbewu?
Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba bakhethe
isityalo sibe sinye abaza kujolisa kuso.
Abafundi beBanga 1 kwakunye nabeBanga
2 bangathatha imilinganiselo yobude
nobubanzi bamagqabi.
UBOMI NEMPILO 31
Ingaba izityalo zizenza njani

izityalo ezininzi?
Enye yeendlela zokufumanisa ukuba izityalo
zizenza njani ezinye izityalo kukucela abafundi
bakho ukuba baqwalasele iziqhamo ezahlukileyo.
Kufuneka uqokelele ilamuni, i-orenji okanye i-apile,
idiliya kwakunye netumata. Amagaqana oosenza
kwakunye nethanga anganomsebenzi omhle.
Mhlawumbi ungathanda ukubandakanya
neebhanana kwakunye namaqunube kuba
ziziqhamo ezinomdla kakhulu ezo. (Imbewu
yamaqunube ayibandakanywa njengesiqhamo!)
Nika iqela ngalinye isiqhamo esinye ze usisike sibe
ngamacala amabini. Cela abafundi ukuba
baqwalasele imbewu okanye iinkozo
ezingaphakathi. Emva koko ke buza abafundi
ukuba, “Ingaba zonke izityalo zikhula kwezo nkozo ngalo
lonke ixesha kusini na?”
Uya kumangaliswa bubutyebi bolwazi abanalo abafundi.
Abantwana abanamava okuhlala emaphandleni mhlawumbi
banganento eninzi abayaziyo.
O Ingaba esi sityalo sisuka phi?
O Ingaba kwenzeka ntoni phambi koku?
O Khona, ingaba kwenzeka ntoni phambi koko?
O Phambi koko?
O Ze kuthini ?
O Ngoko ke yayinjani loo nto ekuqaleni?
Ngolo hlobo ke ungenza

abafundi bakho ukuba
bazobe izigaba
ezahlukileyo zesityalo
esithile ze uzilandelelanise
ngokohlobo ezifanele
ukulandelelana ngalo,
ukusuka kwindlela isityalo
esaqala ngayo ukuza kuthi
ga apho isityalo eso senza
isityalo esitsha, okanye
isityalo eso sife.

Emva kophando chitha ixeshana
nabafundi nicamngca ngoko
abantwana bacinga ukuba
bakufundile. Xoxani ngoko
bakwenzileyo noko
bakufumanisileyo. Nika ingxelo
ngoko abafundi bakuxelele kona
kwitshati ye-L-F-F yeklasi. Oku kuya
kukunika ubungqina bento eyenziwe
nguwe buqu kwakunye nabafundi
bakho, ze kusebenze njengento eya
kubakhumbuza.
Ezinye zezinto ekunokucingwa ngazo

Yintoni ebangela ukuba amanzi abe luhlaza?
Galela amanzi ejagini engenasiciko ze uwabeke
ngasefesitileni. Wayeke loo manzi ukuze ade abe luhlaza.
Emva koko ke uya kubuza abafundi ukuba, Yintoni
eqhubekayo? Yintoni ebangele ukuba amanzi abe luhlaza?
Singasifumanisa njani isizathu soko?
Oko ke kuya kuzala izinto ezinomdla ekunokwenziwa
uphando ngazo.
Umzekelo,
O Ungayihluza le nwebu iluhlaza ngephetshana elithambileyo?
O Ingaba kuya kushiyeka ntoni xa amanzi lawo etshe onke angumphunga?
O Ingaba ukuwabilisa amanzi lawo kungayibulala le nto iluhlaza? (Ingaba le nto iluhlaza iya kufa ze iye
kuhlala ezantsi?) ukuba uyibulele, loo nto ithetha ukuba ibiphila!!
Ukukhulisa izinto
Ezinye izityalo zikhula kumalungu esityalo. Umzekelo,
isityalo sentyantyambo ethile yase-Afrika singakhula
egqabini. Nqumla okanye usike igqabi esiqwini sesityalo.
Faka igqabi ngentonga leyo kumhlatyana osengqayini
yesityalo ze ugalele amanzi. Gcina igqabi elo kwindawo
efudumeleyo nemnyama eklasini. Gcina umhlaba lowo
ufumile. Igqabi elo liya kuhluma iingcambu eziya kungena
emhlabeni.
Isityalo setapile sikhula kwitapile ubuqu. Ukuba uthatha
umntla womnqatha ze uwubeke esosini enamanzi, uya
kuntshula ze isityalo somnqatha siqalise ukuhluma. Izityalo
ezininzi zemveli ezinjengesityalo esinamagqabi anencindi
njengonomaweni (isityalo esinamagqabi atyebileyo, nathi
adumbe ngamanzi) sikhula njengehlumelo sikwisityalo
esingumzali. Amanye amakhala akhula ngale ndlela.
UBOMI NEMPILO 33
Izityalwanyana eziziinceke
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1,
cela iqela labafundi ukuba bakhethe isityalo esikumabala
esikolo ze basinonophele eso sityalo unyaka wonke. Xelela
iqela ngalinye ukuba ligcine iintsuku namaxesha
okunkcenkceshela nokuhlakulela okanye ukukhathalela eso
sityalo. Abafundi bakho banokuzalisa itshati yenyanga
(njengekhalenda) ze bazobe oko bakwenzileyo ngeentsuku
ezifanelekileyo.
Qinisekisa ukuba abantwana basijonge

ngomonde nangocoselelo isityalo eso
kwaye baqaphela neenguqulelo
ezenzekayo. Iingxoxo ezithe gqolo
kunyaka jikelele ziya kubakhuthaza
ukuba bahlale benomdla kwaye
bekhumbula ukukhathalela isityalo
sabo.
Ekupheleni konyaka, unganceda iqela
ngalinye ekuhlanganiseni imizobo yabo
eyenziwe kumathuba ngamathuba
enyakeni ukuze benze incwadi
ngesityalo. Qinisekisa ukuba
ubandakanya imizobo ebonakalisa
izinto ezibalulekileyo ezenzekileyo
okanye izinto abafundi abazibonileyo.

Ukuhlikihla amagqabi
Kuya kufuneka ube nephepha
elingqindilili kwakunye neekhrayoni
ezityebileyo (ezinombala oqaqambileyo
oluhlaza, omdaka, otyheli, obomvu).
Emva koko ke cela abafundi bakho
ukuba bakuncedise ekuqokeleleni
amagqabi awohlukileyo (kungcono
kukhethwe kakhulu loo magqabi awe
phantsi ezityalo) ukuze kwenziwe lo
msetyenzana. Thathani loo magqabi
niye nawo eklasini.
Abantwana kufuneka babeke iphepha
phezu kwegqabi, ze bahlikihle
ngekhrayoni leyo ngaphezulu loo gama
lona igqabi lingaphantsi. Umphandle
nesakhiwo segqabi kufanele ubonakale.
Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba basebenzise imiphezulu kwakunye nemiphantsi
yamagqabi xa bekhuhlela imifanekiso yezakhiwo nemiphandle yamagqabi.
Yintoni abayiqapheleyo?
Yintoni abayifumanisileyo?
Oku kufanele ukuba kuvuselele imibuzo enomdla kwakunye namagqabantshintshi

ze kwakhe ulwazi lwendalo lokufuna amagama amacandelo nemigca nemithambo
eyahlukileyo yezakhiwo zezityalo. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuya kukhokelela
ekuhleleni nasekubekeleleni okucela umngeni.
Incwadi yethu yokuqala ngqa yezityalo

Ekupheleni konyaka buza abafundi ukuba,
O Yitoni esiyifundileyo?
O Singayenza ngantoni incwadi yethu?
O Singaquka ntoni kuloo ncwadi?
O Yintoni emasingayifaki kuloo ncwadi?
O Singakwenza njani oko?
Iqela ngalinye labantwana abathathu lingacinga ngento

ethile ze lizobe umfanekiso waso nasiphi na isityalo
elisikhethileyo. Bencedwa ngutitshala wabo
banokuhlanganisa onke amasolotya omsebenzi wabo
ngohlobo olufanelekileyo. Ze ke emva koko bancede
utitshala wabo kuncanyathiselwe inxalenye yomsebenzi
emaphepheni encwadi.
UBOMI NEMPILO 35
ICANDELO 3
I-Eneji neNguquko
Zingaphi iindlela onokwenza ngazo ukuba
ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite?
Kukho iindlela eziliqela nezahlukileyo zokwazisa ngolu phando. Mhlawumbi ungawuvula
ngengxoxo engobusuku nemini, naxa abantu befuna ukusebenzisa into enjengetotshi. Kungenjalo,
ungabalisa ibali.
Kungenjalo, ungenza into eyenziwe ngootitshala
iStock Photos
besiGaba sesiSeko eNorthwood.
Intshayelelo
Ngexesha lokudlala (lokutya) kusuku lophando, ootitshala bagquma iifesitile
zegumbi lokufundela ngephepha elimnyama. Bathe, kananjalo beza neentlobo
ngeentlobo zezibane esikolweni. Ootitshala baqala ke ngoko ukungenisa Naxa kunjalo,
abantwana eklasini. Eklasini kwakumnyama ngolona hlobo. Wawungenakubona kumnandi
nesandla esi siphambi kobuso bakho! Bababuza abantwana ukuba yintoni na ukukhe
abayibonayo. Emva koko ke bababuza abantwana ukuba yintoni na abacinga
ngezinye
ukuba inokubanceda ukuze babone. Abantwana beza neempendulo ezininzi
ezahlukileyo, baza ke ootitshala bakhanyisa izibane kancinane, belayita isibane iintsuku
sibe sinye okanye zibe zibini ngexesha. Kudonga olungasemva, phakathi eklasini, kuchithwe
ootitshala babexhome iinkwenkwezi kwiphepha elimnyama. Lo yayingumbono ixeshanyana
omhle ngolona hlobo!!
kucwangciswa
Ootitshala babahlalisa phantsi emethini abantwana baze bavula ingxoxo kwaye
emalunga nezinto ezinokusinceda zisikhanyisele ebumnyameni xa kungekho
kusenziwa
zibane zakukhanyisa. Ekugqibeleni kubekho umntu oye wacebisa ukuba
singasebenzisa itotshi. namalungisele
Ngokwenene, le ibiyindlela enomdla ngokwenene yokwazisa olu phando, kwaye lo okwenziwa
sizive sinelunda kwaye sixhamla nelungelo elilodwa ngokuba sibekho, ukuza kwento
kuxhamla kula mava. Ngelishwa ke, ootitshala abakwazi ukwenza into efana nale ekhethekileyo
yonke imihla. Naxa kunjalo, kumnandi ukukhe ngezinye iintsuku kuchithwe neyahlukileyo.
ixeshanyana kucwangciswa kwaye kusenziwa namalungiselelo okwenziwa
kwento ekhethekileyo neyahlukileyo. Iklasi yakho iya kuyithanda kakhulu le nto.
36 FOUNDATION PHASE SCIENCE

Ukuphonononga iitotshi
Izinto oza kuzifuna
Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube netotshi ukuze kwenzeke le ngxoxo. Kananjalo
sicebisa ukuba ube noxwebhu lwephepha oluyitshati yokubhala enomfanekiso
olula wetotshi ozotywe embindini wephepha. Wuzobele lo mfanekiso imigcana
engathi ziintambo zesigcawu okanye imaphu yeengcinga.
Ukuphonononga
Buza abafundi bakho ngendlela abacinga ukuba
itotshi isebenza ngayo. Ngawaphi amalungu
etotshi? Yintoni eyenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite?
Bhala iingcingane zabafundi kwimaphu
yeengcinga. Sicinga ukuba uya kubafumanisa
abantwana benolwazana ngokungaphakathi
etotshini, nokuba abaqinisekanga ukuba itotshi
leyo isebenza njani na. Njengoko iqhuba nje
ingxoxo vula itotshi leyo, uyiqhaqhe ukwenzela
ukuba abafundi bawubone umphakathi kwakunye
namalahle ayo (ezi zinto ziqhele ukubizwa
njengeebhetri) kunye nebhalbhu encinane
engaphakathi. Buza abafundi bakho ukuba, Ingaba
ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayita njani?
Ukufumanisa indlela elayita ngayo ibhalbhu yetotshi
Izinto oza kuzifuna
Iqela ngalinye liya kufuna,
O ilahle(ibhetri) yetotshi engu-1,5v
O ibhalbhu yetotshi
O oogesi ababini abagqunywe ngeplastiki, ababude bungama-20 cm emnye
Ungacela uMququzeleli wezobuNzululwazi esikolweni sakho ukuba athenge
ezi zixhobo kwabakwaRutland Industries. Idilesi yalo mzi-mveliso ifumaneka
kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 82. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iibhalbhu kunye
namalahle ziyasebenza phambi kokuba uqalise uphando.
• Qala ngokunika
Kuya kufuneka kananjalo ukuba unike iqela
iqela ngalinye ugesi ngalinye,
omnye O uxwebhu lwephepha lokubhala
• Uya kuthi ke kamva O izimo zamalahle etotshi ezimibalabala
unike iqela ngalinye ezi-5
ugesi wesibini O izimo zebhalbhu yetotshi ezi-5
O iPrestiki encinane kwakunye,
O neepensile
Abafundi bakho baya kuzisebenzisa ezi
zinto ukuze banike ingxelo yoko
bakufumanisileyo. Uya kufumana iphepha
lezimo zamalahle etotshi, onokuthi ulikope
ze ulisike, kwiphepha 76 elikwisiHlomelo.
(Ezi zimo sizikope, sizisusela kumakhadi azuba.) Kananjalo uya kufumana
iphepha lezimo zebhalbhu yetotshi elikwiphepha 77 elikwisiHlomelo, noya
kuthi ulikope ze ulisike. (Ezi zimo zebhalbhu sizikope sizisusela kwikhadi
elityheli.)
I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO 37
Ukuphanda
Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba uza kunika iqela
ngalinye labafundi ilahle letotshi elingu-1,5v,
ibhalbhu yetotshi kwakunye nogesi omde. Xelela
abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna baphande indlela
abanokwenza ngayo ibhalbhu yetotshi ukuba ilayite.
Jikeleza apha phakathi kwamaqela abafundi uzame
ukubona ukuba baqhuba njani na abafundi abo. Into
esithe sayifumanisa kukuba abafundi baziimfuna-
lwazi kwaye banomonde nozingiso. Sibakhuthazile
xa bebezama iindlela ezahlukileyo zokuphanda.
Ekusebenzeni kwabo ngomdla nokungatyhafi, siye
saqaphela indlela entle abasebenzisana ngayo
ekubambeni nasekuqiniseni oogesi, iibhetri, kunye
neebhalbhu. Wonke umntu wayefuna ukuncedisa.
Ukunika ingxelo
Emva nje kokuba iqela likwazile ukwenza ibhalbhu
yalo yetotshi ukuba ilayite, banike,
O izimo zamalahle etotshi ezizuba (bhlu) i-5
O izimo zebhalbhu zetotshi ezityheli ezi-5
O umcu omncinane wePrestiki, kunye
O nephepha lokubhala
Bonisa abafundi bakho indlela yokuncamathelisa
isimo selahle letotshi elizuba kwiphepha labo
ngendlela efanayo nendlela ebelibekwe ngayo, ukuze
ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite. Emva koko ke, cela
abafundi bakho ukuba bakubonise ukuba iphi na
ibhalbhu. Ncamathelisa izimo zebhalbhu zetotshi
ezityheli kwiphepha lakho, ngendlela efanayo nendlela
ebibekwe ngayo ukuze ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite. Emva
koko ke cela abafundi bakho ukuba bazobe indawo
ehamba ugesi.
Emva kokuba ubancedisile abafundi bakho ukuba benze
umfanekiso woko bakwenzileyo, cela abafundi ukuba
bafumane enye indlela yokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite.
Baxelele ukuba zininzi iindlela zokwenza ibhalbhu ilayite,
kwaye ufuna ukuba bafumane zibe ninzi kangangoko.
Baxelele ukuba ufuna bakubize xa kukho abazifumeneyo.
Sebenza ngolu hlobo nawo onke amaqela. Nokuba unabafundi abaninzi
kangakanani na eklasini yakho, unokukwazi ukwenza olu phando kunye
nabafundi abancinane.
Khuthaza iqela ngalinye odlula kulo xa uhamba phakathi kwawo. Banike
uncedo xa ucinga ukuba baxingile, kwaye naxa belufuna uncedo olo. Kodwa
ke, kwangaxeshanye, zama ukubavumela abafundi ukuba bazenzele uphando.
Nokuba urhalela kangakanani na ukuba yinxalenye yophando okanye ufuna
ukubabonisa into amabayenze, MUSA ukungenelela. Bavumele abafundi ukuba
bawenze ngokwabo umsebenzi wezandla wophando. Siqinisekile ukuba uya
kumangaliswa yindlela yobunzululwazi abaziphethe ngayo nabaya kuthi
bayibonakalise, nesakhono ofuna ukusibethelela.

Ukunxibelelana
Asakuba onke amaqela abafundi bakho
efumene ngaphezulu kwendlela enye
yokulayita ibhalbhu, nika iqela ngalinye
ithuba lokwabelana nabanye abafundi
ngendlela yabo engenye yokwenza
ibhalbhu ilayite. Yima ecaleni kwabo
bantwana bathethayo, ubanike inkxaso
abayifunayo. Benze ukuba babonise
ngomfanekiso woko bakwenzileyo. Lo
ngummandla obaluleke kakhulu
wophando. Amaqela ohlukileyo
anokufumana iindlela ezahlukileyo
zokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite.
Ukufumanisa iindlela ezininzi zokwenza ibhalbhu yetotshi
ilayite
Nika abafundi bakho ixesha elaneleyo lokuzama ukufumana ezinye iindlela
zokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite. Zintlanu ubuncinane iindlela zokwenza ukuba
ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite. (Uya kuzifumana ezi ndlela kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha
79.) Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3, zama ukubakhuthaza
ukuba bazame ukuzifumana zontlanu ezi ndlela.
Ukanti ukuba usebenza nabafundi abancinane, mhlawumbi usenokucinga ukuba
lide kakhulu elo xesha balichithileyo, ngoko ke lanele. Ukanti unokukwazi
ukunika ithuba lokuba abantwana bakwenze oku ngelinye ixesha. Kuya kuba
nomdla ukufumanisa ukuba basazikhumbula kusini na iindlela zokwenza
ibhalbhu ilayite, ebebeziveze kusuku lokuqala, okanye babe mhlawumbi beza
neendlela ezintsha kraca.
Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba babhale amagama abo kwimifanekiso abayenzileyo.
Uze ke uyixhome le mifanekiso kudonga lweklasi.
Ukuphononongwa nzulu kwebhalbhu yetotshi
Abafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga3
Kulo msetyenzana ufuna abafundi ukuba baqwalasele nzulu ibhalbhu yetotshi.
Ingaba ikhangeleka njani ibhalbhu? Malungu mani okanye zinto zini
ezikwiBhalbhu??
Ukulungiselela uphononongo
Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, kuya kufuneka wenze imodeli
yebhalbhu yetotshi enkulu (esibaca) engumacala-mabini -
2D. (Sinikezile ngamalungu ale modeli kwiphepha 78
lesiHlomelo. Ungenza ikopi yale modeli ze uyisike.
ibhalbhu inkcenkce yokubamba Kwakhona siphinde sasebenzisa ikhadi elityheli
kwibhalbhu yetotshi saza sasebenzisa ikhadi elizuba
ncamathisa kwilahle letotshi.)
O Khupha ngokusika isimo esikhulu sebhalbhu.
iglu zoba O Khupha ngokusika esinye isimo esiyinkcenkce esihlala
ibhalbhu
O Ncamathelisa ngeglu umphantsi webhalbhu kwicala
lasekunene lesimo esibuxande ukuze ikwazi ukonela
kunxantathu oqatywe mdaka.
O Sebenzisa ikhrayoni enkulu emnyama okanye ikoki

ukuzoba indawo ehamba oogesi abatyebileyo ababini, Ikhoyili
njengoko kubonakalisiwe.
O Khupha ngokusika isimo esililiso elimbhoxo esincinane
kumfanekiso omibalabala ovela kwimagazini ze
usincamathelise phezu kwemigca emnyama oyizobileyo.
(Oku kumele iliso leglasi elikhusela ukuba oogesi Gobela
ababini abakhulu bangadibani.) ngaphakathi
O Yenza umsontwana ngenkatha yocingwana
olubhityileyo, ze uwubophelele, udibanise zozibini
iziphelo zemigca emnyama. Enye indlela
kukugqobhozela iziphelo zenkatha leyo yocingwana
ekhalibhodini, ze kusetyenziswe iteyiphu isincamathelisi
yokuncamathelisa ngecala elingafanelekanga
(uzibophelele phantsi ngokuzigqwetha.) umthunzi
O Songela icala lasekhohlo lesimo esihlala ibhalbhu
ngakwicala lasekunene. Ngoku ke imodeli yakho yebhalbhu yetotshi sele
kukufutshane ukuba igqibeke.
O Sebenzisa amaqhuqhuva ePrestiki amele amaqhuma elothe asemacaleni kule
kasi, kwakunye nencam yenkcenkce equkumbele ibhalbhu yetotshi.
O Qaba ngombala omdaka isimo setrapeziyam esiphakathi kwikasi yenkcenkce
kwakunye nencam yenkcenkce yelahle letotshi. Oku kubonakalisa inwebu
yeplastiki eyahlula isilinda okanye iqokobhe lenkcenkce kwincam
yenkcenkce.
Le modeli yenziwe ukuze ubonakalise uhlobo
acwangciswe ngalo amalungu angaphakathi ebhalbhu.
Oko kwenzekayo ngaphakathi kwebhalbhu yokulayita
kuya kuhlala kungumnqa kubafundi ngaphandle kokuba
babe bacinge ngamalungu nokuba ingaba ucwangciso
loogesi lwenziwe njani ngaphakathi, ze babe nethuba
lokufumanisa olo bekelelo loogesi.
Ukusebenza nabafundi
Zoba umfanekiso wobuso ebhodini. Buza abafundi
ukuba,
O Mpawu zini okanye malungu mani asebusweni?
Ngawaphi amalungu ohlukileyo asebusweni?
Nokuba abafundi bancinci kangakanani na baya kuba
nakho ukukunika iimbono zabo. Ngethuba bekunika
iingcinga zabo, zoba amalungu ze uleyibhelishe ilungu
ngalinye.
O Ke ngoku xelela abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna benze
kwalo nto inye kwibhalbhu yetotshi.
O Ngawaphi amalungu okanye iimpawu zebhalbhu?
Nika abafundi imizuzwana embalwa yokuba
baqwalaselise ngocoselelo. Lo gama besenza oko, zoba
umphandle webhalbhu yetotshi. Xa sele ucinga ukuba
abafundi banazo iinkcukacha abanazo, bacele ukuba
bakuxelele oko bakubonayo. Zoba ze uleyibhelishe loo
malungu okanye ezo ndawo xa bathe bamana
bekuxelela amalungu abawaqapheleyo.

Umbane Qala ngokubonisa ngebhola engqukuva yeglasi ze ubuze le mibuzo,

Umbane luhlobo O Yintoni esiyibonayo apha?
oluthile lwe-eneji. O Sibona ntoni ngaphakathi kule bhola yeglasi?
Kumbane we-eneji O Sibona ntoni phakathi kwala macingwana makhulu mabini?
singafumana oku O Sibona ntoni emazantsi / ngasesikhondweni, phakathi kwala macingo
kulandelayo: mabini?
• i-eneji efudumezayo
O Yintoni engezantsi kwebhalbhu yeglasi?
(izitovu kunye
O Yintoni esiyiqaphelayo kwelinye icala elineqokobhe lekcenkce, ngaphezulu?
nezifudumezi)
• i-eneji yezandi O Yintoni esezantsi kwebhalbhu yetotshi?
(oonomathotholo, O Yintoni esiyiqaphelayo phakathi kweqokobhe lenkcenkce kunye nesikhondo
iiselula, amaqhosha seqokobhe lenkcenkce?
okunkqonkqoza), O Ingaba ikho enye into eniyiqapheleyo?
kwakunye O Emva koko ke xhoma iimodeli zebhalbhu yetotshi ozenzileyo. Buza abafundi
• ne-eneji bakho ukuba,
yeentshukumo
O Nicinga ukuba siya kufumana ntoni xa sithe salivula eli qokobhe
(iphiko elihamba
lenkcenkce?
ngombane
lokuphozisa O Yintoni enokuba ingaphakathi?
ubushushu, imoto O Ingaba ezi ngcingo zimbini zingaphakathi ziya phi?
yokudlala).
Nika abafundi bakho ixesha lokucinga. Mabaqikelele
ukuba amacingo lawo abekelelwe njani? Bakhuthaze
ukuba baqashele ngokuqiqileyo. Emva koko ke vula
imodeli yakho ze ubabonise indlela olunye ucingo
oludityaniswe ngayo ngelothe kwiqokobhe lenkcenkce,
kwanendlela olunye ucingo oluya ngayo kwincam
yenkcenkce esemazantsi ebhalbhu yetotshi.
Ke ngoku sebenzisa imodeli yakho ukubonakalisa indlela
epheleleyo yokuhamba kombane ukuze ibhalbhu ilayite.
Umbane ukhululekile ukuba mawuhambe ngokupheleleyo
kuloo ndlela yawo igqibeleleyo. Uthi uhambe ukusuka
kwilahle letotshi, uhamba ngocingo uye kwiqokobhe
lenkcenkce, ze ke emva koko uye kutsho
kugesi omkhulu. Ukusuka apho uhamba
ngocingwana oluncinane. Oku kuthi kwenze
olu cingwana lulayite, ze ubuyele umva usiya
komnye ugesi omkhulu ukuya kwilahle
letotshi kwakhona.
Okokugqibela, zinike ixesha kunye nabafundi
bakho ukuze nicinge banzi ngala mava.
Sebenzisa imaphu yeengcinga obuyiyile
ekuqaleni kolu phando xa ubuyalela abafundi
bakho ukuba baphonononge itotshi
ngocoselelo, ze bacinge ngendlela esebenza
ngayo. Hlaziyani imaphu yeengcinga kunye
nabafundi bakho nifunda zonke ezo zinto
zisemaphini.
Emva koko ke yalela abafundi bakho ukuba bathethe malunga noko
bakwenzileyo kwakunye noko bakufumanisileyo xa ubunike iqela ngalinye
ilahle letotshi kwakunye nebhalbhu yetotshi. Zama ukukhuthaza abo bafundi
bathandabuzayo nabangathathi nxaxheba ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuphanda ngoTsalo noTyhilizo
iStock Photos
Yintoni oya kuyifuna
Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube neemagazini ezoneleyo ezindala
ukuze kubekho ubuncinane imagazini enye phakathi
kwabantwana ababini. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba ube
nezinto ezininzi ezifanelekileyo eziya kwaziwa ngabantwana
bakho, nezikhoyo kumakhaya abo nakubomi babo bemihla
ngemihla. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuba unezinto ezahlukileyo
ezininzi ukuze ube nakho ukunika abafundi bakho amava
ohlukileyo ukuze ugxininise indlela utsalo, utyhilizo nojijo
oluyinxalenye ngayo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Siye saquka intlama yokudlala, udongwe, iibhaluni, amatye,
ubunkcenkcarha, ubuplangana, ilastiki, isilingi, iPrestiki,
isiponji, iibhola ezincinane ezithambileyo, isipringi,
iphepha, iimbombozi zeplastiki ezingenanto nezineziciko
ezijijwayo xa zivulwa naxa zivalwa, iimbombozi
ezingenanto ezineziciko ezicinezelwayo nezitsalwayo xa
zivulwa naxa zivalwa, njalonjalo. Faka zonke ezi zinto
uziqokeleleyo kwibhokisi okanye kwibhaskithi enkulu ukuze
ube nakho ukuzifumana kakuhle xa uza kwenza isigaba
sokuqala sophando.
Qinisekisa ukuba unamabhastile ambalwa, iibhaluni
ezimbalwa, iimoto zokudlala ezimbalwa, amaplanga
agudileyo ambalwa, kwakunye neebhloko ezimbini okanye
ezintathu. Xa kuthe kanti wabe usebenza nabafundi
beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, sicebisa ukuba ufune
iiteyiphu zokuthatha imilinganiselo okanye iirula ezinde.

Ukwazisa uphando
Utsalo notyhilizo yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Liyinene
elavakaliswa ngu-Audrey Dryding ngethuba ekwakubanjwe ucweyo
lukamasifundisane, apho wathi, “Yonke into esiyenzayo ibandakanya utsalo,
utyhilizo, okanye ujijo!” Sifumene incwadi yamabali emifanekiso neya
kulwazisa kakuhle olu phando: isiBhadlalala seMbukumbuku yoMnqathe
oyiTheniphu oMkhulukazi. Le yintsomi yaseRashiya eyayibhalwe ngu-Leo
Tolstoy. Sisebenzise inguqulelo eyayihonjiswe ngu-Helen Oxenbury.
Kweli bali kukho indoda endala eyatyala iminqathana ebizwa ngokuba
zitheniphu. Enye yeetheniphu yaye yakhula yasisibhadlalala esikhulukazi, yaza
yathi le ndoda xa izama ukuyitsala, ayakwazi. Ke ngoko yabiza umfazi wayo.
Yade yabiza umzukulwana wayo ekugqibeleni kwakunye nenani elivakalayo
lezilwanyana ukuba ancedwe ukukhupha iitheniphu emhlabeni, kwaza kwathi
ngelingeni bazikhupha. Ulwimi olusetyenziswe kweli bali lulula kakhulu kwaye
kukho uphinda-phindo oluninzi. Ngako oko ke eli bali lisilungele kakhulu
isiGaba esisiSeko.
Uya kulifumana eli bali kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 80.
Sityhiliza xa kutheni ze sitsale xa kutheni?
Usakuba ulifundile okanye ubabalisele abafundi bakho ibali obulikhethile,
ncokola nabafundi bakho ngotyhilizo notsalo. Babuze ukuba,
O Sityhiliza xa kutheni?
O Sitsala xa kutheni?
Ungabacela ukuba bashenxise okanye bahambise izinto
ezahlukileyo eklasini. Umzekelo, unokucela omnye
wabantwana ukuba avule ifestile okanye ucango. Xa
umntwana esenza oku, mbuze ukuba, “wenza ntoni?
Ingaba uyatyhiliza okanye uyatsala?” Okanye endaweni
yokubuza lo mntwana usebenzayo, xelela abanye abafundi
ukuba baqwalasele ngenyameko. Loo gama umntwana
evula okanye evala ifestile okanye ucango, buza iklasi le
xa iyonke ukuba, “Ingaba wenzani lo mfundi? Ingaba
uyatsala okanye uyatyhiliza?” Emva koko, thatha ibhokisi
okanye ibhaskithi obufake kuyo izinto ezahlukileyo
obuziqokelele. Nika iqela ngalinye izinto ezininzi
ezahlukileyo. Xelela abantwana ukuba ufuna benze
uphando ngezinto ekufuneka bezityhilizile, kwakunye
nezo kufuneka bezitsalile. Kulindeleke nakanjani ukuba
igama elithi, jija kuya kuthethwa ngalo kwesi sithuba.
Umzekelo, xa sikhama ilaphu (siyajija), kuba le nto
yindibanisela yokutyhiliza (ngesandla esinye) kwakunye
nokutsala (ngesinye isandla).
Isipha samagama
Kuya kufuneka ube namaphepha ama-3 amakhulu aziitshati kwakunye neekoki
okanye ikhrayoni ukuze wenze loo msebenzi. Embindini wetshati nganye
kufuneka ubhale la magama alandelayo:
O Tyhala
O Tsala
O Jija
Faka igama ngalinye kwisangqa, ngohlobo obuya kwenza ngalo

xa usenza imaphu yeengcinga. Kodwa ke ngoku, endaweni
yokwenza imaphu yeengcinga uya kuba usenza isipha
samagama. Injongo zezokwenza abafundi ukuba bacinge
ngawo onke amagama(mhlawumbi azizenzi ezininzi) athi
abandakanye intshukumo echazwa ligama elisephepheni.
Ukuba uthe wabhala igama elithi Tyhala embindini
wephepha, zama ukuxelela abafundi ukuba bacinge
ngawo onke amagama abandakanya ukutyhala.
Le yindlela enamandla kakhulu yokwenza abafundi
bakho ukuba bacinge ngamagama ukuze bandise
kwaye baphuhlise isigama sabo. Lo gama bacinga
ngezenzo ezibandakanya ezi ntshukumo zintathu,
ubabeka emendweni, ubalungiselela umsebenzi oza
kulandela.
Ukukhangela imizekelo yotyhalo notsalo
O Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube neemagazini ezininzi
ezindala ukuze wenze lo msebenzi. Kufuneka ubuncinane
ukuba ube neemagazini ezinokwenela xa unokunika
isibini sabantwana imagazini enye abanokuthi bajonge
kuyo. Kananjalo kufuneka ubuncinane ukuba ube
nezikere ezinokwenela xa uthe wanika isibini isikere
esinye ukuze babolekisane ngaso.
O Yalela abafundi bakho ukuba bajonge imifanekiso
abanokuthi kuyo babone izenzo zotsalo okanye
ezotyhalo. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi abaselula kakhulu,
ungabacela nje ukuba bakhangele imifanekiso enotyhalo.
Okanye bangavele nje bajonge imifanekiso enotsalo.
O Xa abantwana bakho benika ingxelo kwaye bebonisa
nangemifanekiso yabo, bonke abantwana baya kuyibona
yonke imifanekiso kwaye kuya kubakho imifanekiso
yabantu okanye eyezinto ezityhalayo, ze eminye
imifanekiso ibe yeyabantu okanye izinto ezitsalayo.
Abantwana abadala bangaleyibhelisha intshukumo nganye.
Izikhundla zokusebenzela ezahlukileyo
Enye indlela onokunika ngayo abafundi bakho amava okuphanda atyebileyo
kukumisela ‘izikhundla zokusebenzela’ ezahlukileyo. Nakubeni nje le nto
ibandakanya ukucwangcisa ngocoselelo namalungiselelo anabileyo,
ikwayindlela enomdla kakhulu yokunika abafundi bakho amava atyebileyo. Loo
nto nje iyodwa ithetha ukuba baya kuba bandakanyeka kwiintlobo zophando
ezahlukileyo kodwa kube kujoliswe kwinto enye efanayo. Xa abafundi benika
ingxelo ngoko bakwenzileyo, abo bafunda kunye nabo eklasini baya kufuna
ukuva ukuba zinto zini na ezenziwa ngamanye amaqela.
Okokuqala, kufuneka ufunde ezi ntlobo zophando zicetyiswe ngezantsi apha.
Emva koko kufuneka uqokelele izixhobo nezinto oya kuzifuna. Khumbula
ukuba wenza uphando lwezeNzululwazi kunye nabafundi bakho. Zama
ukuthetha-thethana noMququzeleli wezeNzululwazi okanye iNqununu yakho
malunga nokuthengwa kwezinye izixhobo. Izikolo zinebhajethi yokuthenga
izixhobo eziza kusetyenziselwa ukufunda nokufundisa.

INDAWO YOKUSEBENZELA 1
Yintoni efuna ukutyhalwa, yintoni efuna ukutsalwa ze
ibe yintoni efunda ukujijwa?
Kuya kufuneka ukuba uqokelele izinto abaziqhelileyo
abafundi bakho. Khangela okufumana ekhayeni lakho kunye
naseklasini yakho. Mhlawumbi usenokuquka ibhotile
yesiselo yeplastiki enesiciko esijijwayo, nokuba yinto
enesiciko esicinezelwayo xa sivalwa ze sitsalwe xa
sivulwa, usiba / ipensile, irhabha, isipeliti samaphepha,
iibhola ezithambileyo ezincinane, umtya, isilingi,
iibhaluni, iPrestiki, intlama yokudlala, amatye, into
eyenziwe ngenkcenkce okanye intsimbi, into eyenziwe
ngeplanga, isipringi, njalo-njalo. Faka zonke izixhobo
ezo kwibhokisi enkulu kangangoko nengenzulu kuyaphi
(isiciko sebhokisi yamaphepha okwenza iikopi singawufanela kakuhle kakhulu
lo msebenzi) ukwenzela ukuba iqela labantwana libe nokufikelela ngokulula
kwizinto ezikhoyo ukuze bakwazi ukuyibona nantoni na ukuba ingaba ifuna
ukutsalwa, ukutyhalwa okanye ukujijwa kusini na.
Cela abafundi ukuba baphande
Yintoni efuna ukuTyhalwa? Yintoni efuna ukuTsalwa? ngezixhobo ezo ukuze bafumanise
ukuba ingaba zifuna ukutyhalwa,
Yintoni efuna ukuJijwa?
ukutsalwa okanye ukujijwa kusini na.
Phanda ngoko ukufumana ebhokisini. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bahlele izinto
Zinto zini ezifuna ukutyhalwa? Zihlanganise ezo ngokwamaqela amathathu: ezo
ndawonye kufuneka sizityhale, ezo kufuneka
sizitsale kunye nezo kufuneka sizijije.
Zinto zini ezifuna ukutsalwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2
Zinto zini ezifuna ukujijwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye okanye abeBanga 3, ungenza
amaKhadi oMsebenzi anemiyalelo.
Zoba into nganye efuna ukutyhalwa kuluhlu loTyhalo.
Ukanti, ukuba usebenza nabafundi
Zoba into nganye efuna ukutsalwa kuluhlu loTsalo. beBanga R okanye iBanga 1,
Zoba into nganye efuna ukujijwa kuluhlu loJijo. mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka ubanike
imiyalelo ngomlomo.
Umzekelo weKhadi loMsebenzi
Utyhalo uTsalo uJijo Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye
abeBanga 3, ungacela abafundi bakho ukuba
babhale phantsi ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo.
Mhlawumbi usenokubanika itheyibhuli enezintlu
ezi-3 ukuze babhale into nganye kuluhlu
olufanelekileyo, okanye ungabacela ukuba bazobe
oko bakufumanisileyo.
Umzekelo wetheyibhuli
Ngokunjalo, abafundi beBanga R nabeBanga 1
banakho ukubhala ingxelo ngoko
bakufumanisileyo ngokuzoba into nganye phantsi
koluhlu olunye kwezi zintathu. Xa kufuneka
abafundi benike ingxelo ngoko bakufumanisileyo
oko kuya kubenza babenento ebhalwe phantsi
ukuze bazikhumbuze ngayo.
Yintoni eyenza ukuba inqwelo yokudlala ibaleke
ngesantya esiphezulu?
Apha kuya kufuneka ukuba ube neenqwelo zokudlala
ezincinane ezintandathu. Ungazifumana ezi ngexabiso
eliphantsi kakhulu kwivenkile ekudederhu lweevenkile.
Zidla ngokufumaneka ngantathu okanye ngane, nto leyo
izenza zibe phantsi kakhulu ngexabiso. Kodwa ke, nceda
uzame ukukhetha iintlobo ezahlukileyo zeenqwelo, ii-4x4
kunye nezigadla. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana baza
kucinga ngokuba
O yintoni ebangela ukuba enye inqwelo ibaleke kakhulu
kunenye? Okanye
O yintoni eyenza ukuba iinqwelo zishiyane ngokomgama
ezifikelela kuwo kodwa zibe bezityhilizwe ngokufanayo.
Indima yoku-1
O Phawula iindawo apha eklasini, apho iqela ngalinye liza
kwenza khona lo msebenzi.
O Phawula umgca ekuza kuqalwa kuwo ukuze abafundi
baluqale kuwo ugqatso.
O Xelela amaqela abafundi ukuba ufuna bafumane eyona
nqwelo ibaleka kakhulu.
O Babonise ngokucacileyo abafundi ukuba kufanele
“bazibekisele” phi iinqwelo zabo.
O Baxelele ukuba kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bonke
baqala emgceni omnye ngexesha elinye.
O Baxelele ukuba kufuneka kubekho umntwana omnye oza kubaxelela ukuba
baqalise nini na ukubalekisa.
O Uya kuthi ke unike umntwana ngamnye oseqeleni inqwelo eyiyeyakhe.
O Nje esakuthi umlawuli-lugqatso, “Maziye”, umntwana ngamnye kufuneka
ayityhilize kanye inqwelo yakhe ukwenzela ukuba iqengqeleke.
O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe ngesantya esiphezulu? Kutheni?
O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe umgama omde? Bacinga ukuba kutheni kwenzeke
loo nto nje?
O Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangathatha imilinganiselo yemigama
ehanjwe zezo nqwelo.
Indima yesi-2
Kwindima yesibini yophando, kuza kufuneka wenze
ithambeka. Ungasebenzisa ibhloko enye okanye ezimbini
ukuze uthambekise elinye icala lebhodi eqinileyo okanye
iplanga. Nalapha ke kuya kufuneka ukhethe indawo
eklasini ukuze abafundi ‘babalekise’ iinqwelo zabo.
O Xelela abafundi ukuba kufuneka ukuba babolekisane
ngokuyeka iinqwelo zabo zibaleke bengakhange babe
bazityhilizile.
O Yeyiphi eyona nqwelo ihambe umgama omde? Kutheni
becinga olo hlobo nje?
O Bacele ukuba babhale phantsi ingcaciso leyo. Abafundi
beBanga 1 bangayizoba inqwelo ehambe umgama
omde. Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangazalisa
itheyibhuli.

O Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangathatha imilinganiselo yemigama

ehanjwe ziinqwelo zabo ukusuka ezantsi ethambekeni.
O Yalela iqela ukuba liphinda-phinde uphando lwalo amatyeli amaninzi. Cela
abantwana ukuba babhale phantsi zonke iziphumo kwityeli ngalinye.
O Ukuba bayabutshintsha ubude bethambeka, oko kuya kwenza wuphi
umahluko. Ingaba iinqwelo zihamba umgama omde? Bakhuthaze abafundi
bakho ukuba bacacise nawuphi na umahluko.
O Ukuba abantwana babeka ibhloko yeplanga ekupheleni kwethambeka, ingaba
oko kuya kuzimisa iinqwelo? Okanye ingaba iinqwelo ezo ziya kuwutyhiliza
loo mqobo? Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba bongeze omnye umqobo?
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2
okanye abeBanga 3, qinisekisa ukuba
babhala phantsi ingxelo yoko
bakufumanisileyo. Banokukwenza oku
ngokuzoba, okanye ngokwetheyibhuli
okanye benze igrafu.
O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe owona
mgama mde xa bekungekho
thambeka?
O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe owona
mgama mde xa besebenzise
ithambeka abantwana?
O Xa abafundi benika ingxelo yoko
bakufumanisileyo kwiklasi yakho xa
iyonke, babuze ukuba,
O Yintoni eyenza iinqwelo zihambe
ngokukhawuleza?
O Ingaba iinqwelo zihamba ngokukhawuleza xa zibekwe ethambekeni?
O Ingaba ukuthambekisa kakhulu okanye kancinci kwethambeka kwenza
umahluko? Ucinga ukuba inokuba yintoni isizathu soku?
Kananjalo banokucinga ngokuba ubani angakwazi njani
Amabhastile ukutyhiliza iimoto ezi-2 ngohlobo olufanayo.
Ungalenza njani ukuba ibhastile
lihambe? INDAWO YOKUSEBENZELA 3
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuze ibhastile Ukuqalisa ukuhamba nokuma
lihambe?
Kolu phando, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nengxowana
Fumana iindlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza
ukuba ibhastile lihambe. yamabhastile kwakunye nemicingana yokusela.
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ingcono Nika iqela ngalinye labafundi amabhastile ze ubavumele
kunezinye? ukuba badlale ngawo okwethutyana. Emva koko ke
Kutheni le yona indlela ingcono bacele abafundi bakho ukuba baphande ngendlela
kunezinye?
abakuwenza ngayo amabhastile lawo ukuba ahambe.
Babuze ukuba,
O Ungalenza njani ukuba ibhastile lihambe?
O Yintoni omawuyenze ukuze ibhastile lihambe?
O Ingaba kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza ukuba ibhastile lihambe.
O Ingaba kukho indlela engcono kunezinye?
O Ucinga ukuba yintoni isizathu soko?
Nika abafundi bakho ithutyana lokucinga ngeendlela zokwenza ukuba
amabhastile abo ahambe. Emva koko ke bakhuthaze ukuba bacinge ngoko
bakwenzayo, ze bacinge nangoko banokukwenza ukuze bamise
amabhastile abo.
Babuze ukuba,
O Zingaphi iindlela onokuzifumana
zokumisa ibhastile?
O Yeyiphi eyona ndlela isebenza
ngcono kunezinye?
O Yintoni eyenza into ukuba iqalise
ukuhamba?
Emva koko ke landelisa ngokunika
abafundi bakho imicingana yokusela,
ze ubacele ukuba basebenzise
imicingana yabo yokusela ukwenza
ukuba amabhastile abo ahambe.
Ingaba bangayisebenzisa kusini na
imicingana yabo ukumisa amabhastile
abo? Nika abantwana ithutyana
lokufunisela nokuzama oko, ze
bafumane iindlela ezininzi
kangangoko banakho zokusebenzisa
imicingana yabo yokusela ukuzama
ukuhambisa amabhastile abo
kwakunye nokuwamisa.
Yintoni etsalwa ngoomazibuthe (ngeetshowukhi)
Kuza kufuneka uqokelele izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo ekusetyenziswe izinto
ezahlukileyo ukuzenza. Zama ukuqokelela izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo
neziqhele ukubonwa ngabafundi koko kubangqongileyo, njengakumakhaya
abo, okanye esikolweni. Zifake ezi zinto zahlukileyo etreyini enkulu okanye
esicikweni sebhokisi esingenzulwanga, ukuze bonke abafundi abaseqeleni babe
nakho ukufikelela kuzo ukuze baphande ngeempawu zazo.
Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba umfundi ngamnye abe nomazibuthe
(itshowukhi) wakhe. Kulunge kakhulu ukuba bonke abantwana abaseqeleni
baphande ngexesha elinye, ukuze kungabikho mntwana ulinda ithuba
elilelakhe ukuze asebenzise umazibuthe.
Beka itreyi enezinto ezahlukileyo etafileni, ze unike umntwana
ngamnye umazibuthe wakhe. Xelela abafundi
bakho ukuba baphande ngazo zonke izinto
ezahlukileyo ukuze bafumanise zonke izinto
ezitsalwa ngumazibuthe, okanye izinto
umazibuthe ancamathelayo kuzo. Cela abafundi
ukuba benze iintlanti ezimbini. Kufuneka
benze ubuhlanti bazo zonke izinto umazibuthe
ozitsalayo okanye oncamathelayo kuzo. Emva
koko ke kufuneka benza obunye ubuhlanti
bazo zonke izinto ezikhoyo ongazitsaliyo
umazibuthe okanye ongancamatheliyo kuzo.
Cela abafundi bakho ukuba babhale phantsi
ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo ngokwemizobo
okanye bakwenze oko ngokwetheyibhuli
enezintlu ezimbini.

Kwakhona, ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye

abeBanga 3, ungabhala imiyalelo kwiKhadi loMsebenzi.
Fakela imibuzwana embalwa, enjengale:
O Omnye umazibuthe uya kutsalela izinto ezithile kuwo.
Zinto zini ozitsalela kuwo?
O Zinto zini ongazitsaliyo?
O Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthathe oomazibuthe ababini
wababeka kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukileyo kodwa zibe
zisondelelene?
O Guqula omnye umazibuthe umbeke ngelinye icala.
Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoku?
Oomazibuthe
Omnye umazibuthe uya kutsalela izinto ezithile kuwo.
Zinto zini ozitsalela kuwo?
Zinto zini ongazitsaliyo?
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthathe oomazibuthe aba-2, wababeka
kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukileyo kodwa zibe zisondelelene?
Guqula omnye umazibuthe umbeke ngelinye icala.
Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoku?
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R kunye nabeBanga

1, qinisekisa ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi ngokwaneleyo
uhamba apha phakathi kwabo, ubaxhasa kwaye
ubakhuthaza abantwana abo. Qinisekisa ukuba nabo
ngokwabo bayibhala phantsi ingxelo yoko
bakufumanisileyo. Nkqu nabantwana abancinane
banokukuzoba oko bakufumanisileyo kuphando
abalwenzileyo.
Utsalo Ilizwi lokugqibela

notyhalo Nanjengoko sithe safumanisa kucweyo lukamasifundisane, utsalo notyhalo
yinxalenye yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ootitshala ababini
abebeyinxalenye yeprojekthi basebenzise isifundo seMfundo yoLolongo-
yobomi bethu mizimba ukunikezela ngophando lotsalo notyhilizo kubafundi babo. Oku
bemihla kwakunomdla ngolona hlobo kwaye kubonakalise ngokucacileyo indlela utsalo
ngemihla. notyhalo oluyinxalenye ngayo kuzo zonke iintshukumo esithi sizenze.
ICANDELO 4
IPlanethi yoMhlaba
nokuNgaphaya kwayo
Ukuphanda ngezimo zeNyanga

Elinye lamasolotya ekharityhulamu yezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo lijolise kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba
nokuNgaphaya kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, sikhuthazwa ukuba siphande ze sifumanise
ngakumbi ngoMhlaba kwakunye nesibhakabhaka. Kwakudala-dala abantu babesoloko
benomdla kwaye bethabathekile koko bakubona esibhakabhakeni, ngexesha lasemini kwakunye
nangexesha lasebusuku. Iinyanga zithiywe ngokobume beenkwenkwezi (izinkwenkwezi)
umzekelo, inyanga kaJuni inikwe igama likaPleiades nebizwa njengeSilimela esiXhoseni.
Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi kubaliswa amabali ukucacisa ngeqela elithile leenkwenkwezi.

IKhalenda yokuJonga iNyanga Olu phando lujolise kwizimo ezahlukileyo

ICawe UMvulo ULwesibini ULwesithathu ULwesine ULwesihlanu UMgqibelo
zeNyanga. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ubenze
abafundi ukuba baphonononge iNyanga
isithuba esingangeentsuku ezingama-30.
Kodwa ke ukuba bathe babonakalisa umdla,
qhubekeka nolo phononongo lweNyanga
ixesha elingaphezulu koko. Sivuyiswe kakhulu
kukuba sifumanise ukuba nkqu nabafundi
beBanga 1 ekuqaleni konyaka babanakho
ukuhlala besemdleni xa beqhuba
uphononongo oluthatha ixesha elide.
Kananjalo bathe banakho ukubhala phantsi
oko bakubonileyo!
Yintoni oya kuyifuna
Yintoni oya kuyifuna? Sinikezele ngomzekelo weKhalenda yokuJonga iNyanga
kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 83 nesicebisa ukuba ulikope ze ulandisele
abafundi bakho elo phepha ukuze babhale phantsi oko bakubonayo. Kananjalo
senze incwadi ende egoso-goso njengendlela eyongezelelweyo
yokubhala
iCawa Mvulo Lwesibini Lwesithathu Lwesine Lwesihlanu
Ikota
yokuqala
ingxelo yendlela
iNyanga ekhangeleka ngayo. Sithe kananjalo sabeka iKhalenda
yeNyanga yase-Afrika ebonakalisa ukuguquka
kwezimo zenyanga kunyaka wonke. Ezi khalenda
ziveliswa kwaye zifumaneka kwaClip-Clop,
oyinkampani encinane yaseKapa. Uya kuzifumana
iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nale nkampani
kwiphepha 82 elikwisiHlomelo.
Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ucinge ngexesha lonyaka
ofuna ukwenza ngalo olu phando. Siphonononge
izimo zeNyanga ngekota yokuqala yonyaka, ngexesha
apho isibhakabhaka siqhele ukungabinamafu
eNtshona Koloni. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngexesha
apho kuqhele ukungabikho mafu esibhakabhakeni
ukuze wena nabafundi bakho nibe nokuphonononga
kakuhle. Ingakhathaza kakhulu into yokuba kubekho
amafu amaninzi ze abantwana bangabinakho
ukubona inyanga.
IPLANETHI YOMHLABA NOKUNGAPHAYA KWAYO 51

Yintoni esiyaziyo ngeNyanga?

Okokuqala, fumanisa ukuba yintoni na abayaziyo abafundi
bakho ngeNyanga. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nephepha
elikhulu eliyitshati kwakunye neekoki okanye iikhrayoni.
Embindini wetshati leyo bhala igama elithi iNyanga, ze
ulizobele elo gama kwisangqa. Emva koko ke fakela imigca
wenze imaphu yeengcinga (isakhiwo sokuceba ingqiqo)
engoko abafundi bakho bakuxelela kona.
Qokelela abafundi ukuze bakungqonge ze ubabuze ukuba
bangakuxelela ntoni na ngeNyanga. Ungalindela ukuba
bakuxelele izinto ezifana nezi:
O INyaga ayisoloko imile
ngokufanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha
ibusangqa esibubhola.
O Ngamanye amaxesha iliceba elimile
ngokwebhanana, njengecala le-
orenji, okanye njengebhola
yombhoxo! (Kule ndawo uya
kufumana ithuba elihle
lokunxulumanisa ulwimi
lwezibalo.)
O Abanye abantwana mhlawumbi
bangathi iNyanga ayisoloko imi
ndaweni nye. Ikhangeleka
ngokungathi iyahamba. (Nakubeni
ke iNyanga ikhangeleka
ngokungathi iyahamba
ngokwesiqingatha sesangqa sesazinge icanda isibhakabhaka ebusuku,
ngokwenene nangenyaniso ihamba ngokucotha okukhulu. Kuthatha iintsuku
ezingama 291/4 ukuhamba kweNyanga ijikeleze umhlaba wonke.
Kukujikeleza komhlaba okwenza ukuba inyanga ikhangeleke ngokungathi
ihamba ngokukhawuleza.)
O Abantwana bangakuxelela ukuba inyanga iyaphuma yenyuke ze itshone
njengelanga kwiiyure ezingama-24. (Eyona nto yenza oku kukuba umhlaba
ujikeleza kanye ngeeyure ezingama 24. Le nto ayenziwa kukuba lilanga
kunye neNyanga ezihambayo.)
O Kananjalo usenokulindela ukuba abanye babantwana banokukuxelela
ngemifanekiso eyahlukileyo abayibona kubuso benyanga. Sifumanise ukuba
abanye abantwana bathi babone umfazi othwele inyanda entloko, obeleke
usana emqolo ehamba nenja ecaleni kwakhe. Omnye wabantwana usixelele
ukuba wabona ihashe!
O Kananjalo abantwana basenokuthetha ngemibala yeNyanga. Sifumanise
ukuba abantwana bachaphazele imibala enjengobusilivere, bugolide
kwakunye nebubomvarha nobu-orenji.
Abanye abantwana bathi babone

umfazi othwele inyanda entloko,
obeleke usana emqolo ehamba
nenja ecaleni kwakhe. Omnye
wabantwana usixelele ukuba
umvundla umfazi uqongqothwane wabona ihashe!

Yintoni esifuna ukuyazi ngeNyanga?

Okulandelayo, fumanisa kubafundi bakho ukuba yintoni
abafuna ukuyazi ngeNyanga. Sebenzisa iphepha elikhulu
letshati elingenanto ze ubhale ekuqaleni ukuba yintoni
esifuna ukuyazi ngeNyanga. Emva koko ke bhala phantsi
imibuzo yabafundi bakho. Eminye yemibuzo enokubuzwa
ngabantwana bakho isenokuquka:
O Kwenzeka ntoni eNyangeni?
O Yintoni iNyanga?
O Kunjani eNyangeni?
O Ingaba ungawubona umhlaba xa useNyangeni?
O Kutheni iNyanga ikhangeleka yahlukile nje ebusuku?
O Ucinga ukuba ikude kangakanani iNyanga kuthi?
O Singazifumana njani iimpendulo?
Awunakho ukuphanda ngayo yonke imibuzo yabafundi
bakho. Kodwa unganakho ukuphanda ngeminye yale
mibuzo. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokufumana iincwadi
kwithala leencwadi lengingqi yakho neziya kuphendula
eminye yemibuzo yabafundi bakho. Kananjalo ungenza
amalungiselelo otyelelo oluya kwiziko elingemicimbi
yeplanethi. Uya kuyifumana inombolo kunye nedilesi
kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 82.
Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba xa
befuna ukufumanisa ngakumbi
ngokuqhubeka eNyangeni, kuya
kufuneka ukuba baqwalasele iNyanga
urhatya ngalunye kwiivekana
ezimbalwa ezizayo. Xhoma edongeni
ikopi eyandisiweyo yeKhalenda
yokujonga iNyanga (khangela
kwiphepha 83) ze ucele abafundi
bakho ukuba baqinisekise ukuba
bayayiqwalasela iNyanga ngorhatya.
Bakhumbuze ukuba uza kubabuza
ngosuku olulandelayo ukuba babone
ntoni na, kwaye kuza kufuneka
bekuxelele ubume beNyanga ukuba
bebunjani na. Emva koko ke, kwiiveki
ezintlanu ezilandelayo, khumbuza
abafundi bakho emva kosuku
ngalunye ukuba ufuna baqwalasele
iNyanga. Baxelele ukuba ulindele
ukuba bakunike ingxelo yoko
bakuqwalaseleyo kusuku ngalunye
olulandelayo. Ngosuku ngalunye
kufuneka uyalele abafundi ukuba
bazobe kwiKhalenda yokujonga
iNyanga oko bakubonileyo kubusuku
obudlulileyo.

Ngokuthe chu, wena kunye nabafundi

bakho niya kubona isimbo
esenzekayo. Kambe ukuba
niyaqhubeka nophononongo iiveki
ezintlanu, abafundi baya kubona
ukuba eso simbo siya phinda-
phindana.
Mhlawumbi ayingabo bonke abafundi
bakho abaya kukhumbula
ukuqwalasela iNyanga. Kodwa abanye
kubo baya kukhumbula. Kambe
siyakuqinisekisa ukuba uya
kufumanisa ukuba ngokuye kuhamba
ixesha, nenani labantwana
abakhumbulayo ukujonga iNyanga
liyakwanda.
Ukusebenza nabafundi beBanga 1
USukaina Mitchell ongutitshala wabafundi beBanga 1 kule projekthi wabenza
abafundi bakhe ababeqala isikolo iivekana nje ezimbalwa, ukuba benze
uphononongo olude lwenyanga. Ngoncedo lukaSuaina, aba bantwana
bancinane bathi babhala phantsi oko bakufumanisileyo
kwiKhalenda yokujonga iNyanga kwanakwincwadi egoso-
goso. USukaina wathi kananjalo wasebenzisa olu phando
ukuze alunxulumanise nezimo okanye izakhiwo, nto leyo
yenza uhlanganiso lweMathematika kunye nophando
lwezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo.
Ezinye zezinto onokucinga ngazo ze
uzixoxe nabafundi bakho
O Ungacebisa abafundi bakho ukuba babuze kwiintsapho
zabo ngezinto ezaziwayo ngeNyanga. Baya kuthi ke
babelane ngezi nkcukacha kunye neklasi yabo. Ezi
nkcukacha zinokuquka ubucukubhede benkcubeko
(ulwazi nenkolo) malunga neNyanga. Umzekelo,
abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba elona xesha
lilungileyo lokutyala kuxa iNyanga inkulu. Aba bantu
bakholelwa ukuba imbewu ayikhuli kakuhle xa ityalwe
ngexesha apho iNyanga incipha khona.
O Abanye abantu bathi xa iNyanga ikwindawo ethile, loo
nto ithetha ukuba kuza kunetha.
O Kutheni izinja zikhonkotha xa kukho iNyanga
epheleleyo?
INyanga
INyanga inezimo.
Sibona iNyanga kuba
ibonakalisa ukukhanya
kweLanga

Ukuphanda ngemozulu
Ekuqaleni kwale projekthi, ootitshala babuza abafundi babo ukuba

bangathanda ukwazi okanye ukufumanisa ntoni na ngehlabathi labo. Phakathi
kwemibuzo eyabuzwa ngabantwana, emininzi kuyo yaba ngezimanga zendalo.
O Ingaba amafu ayahamba-hamba ngokwenene? Njani?(iBanga 1)
O Yintoni eyenza umbane? (iBanga 2)
O Yintoni eyenza iindudumo? Kutheni zingxola kangaka? (iBanga 2)
O Ingaba amafu asuka phi? (iBanga 3)
Le mibuzo singayiphendula ngokuba, uphando lwethu lwethoba lujolise
kwiMozulu.
Zininzi iindlela onokwazisa ngazo iMozulu
njengento ekujoliswa kuyo yophando. Esi
sihloko ungasinxulumanisa nokuguquka
kwamaXesha oNyaka, okanye ungaphanda
ngemozulu njengesandiso somsebenzi
wokubhalwa kwemozulu neklasi yakho.
Enye indlela onokuqala ngayo
Ukuba ugqibe ekubeni unxulumanise
iMozulu namaXesha oNyaka, sicebisa
ukuba uqale ngokwenza ingxoxo malunga
namaXesha oNyaka. Cela abafundi bakho
ukuba bacinge ngokuba injani na imozulu
ngethuba usenza uphando. Babuze ukuba
ibinjani na kwezi veki zimbalwa ziphelileyo
(ibishushu, ibibanda, bekunetha, bekukho
umoya, bekutshisa ilanga, njalo-njalo).

Landelisa ngokubuza abafundi bakho ukuba:

O Ingaba kuqalisa nini ukukhanya kusasa?
O Ingaba kurhatyela nini? Ingaba kuqala (malunga) naliphi ixesha ukuba
mnyama ngokuhlwa?
Bhala konke oko abafundi bakuxelela kona kwiphepha elikhulu
eliyitshati. Oku ungakwenza ngokwemaphu yeengcinga, okanye
ngokwetheyibhuli. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi abancinci
kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubhale ingcaciso yabafundi
ngendlela ecacileyo, kwaye ukwenza Umfanekiso yeyona nto
ikhethekayo. Ukuba wenza uluhlu, qinisekisa ukuba into
oyibhalileyo inkulu kwaye icacile.
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3,
ungacela abafundi bakho ukuba baqaphele ze babhale phantsi ixesha ekuqala
ngalo ukukhanya, kwakunye nexesha ekuqala ngalo ukubamnyama. Kananjalo
banokukhangela imozulu nakumaphephandaba. Oku ke kungajolisa kubusuku
nemini.
Enye indlela onokwenza ngayo
Ukuba ugqibe ekubeni wandise ukubhalwa nokuthathwa kwemozulu kwemihla
ngemihla ngabafundi bakho, usenakho ukubamba ingxoxo. Buza abafundi
bakho ukuba,
O Ingaba umoya usoloko usiya kwicala elinye?
O Ngawaphi amagama awohlukileyo abantu abawasebenzisayo xa
bethetha ngeentshukumo zomoya? (umzekelo: impepho, inkanyamba).
Ungenza nezipha zamagama zala mgama.
O Ingaba sifumana imvula engakanani ngeveki/ngenyanga (kweli xesha
enyakeni)?
O Ingaba izithunzi zethu zisoloko zilingana

Ukusebenza nabafundi beBanga R

Ngentseni yenye intwasahlobo, uNigel ongutitshala weBanga R eLondon, wathatha abafundi
bakhe, wabakhuphela phandle ukuze bazobele izithunzi zabanye kumaphepha amakhulu.
Abantwana bayiqaba imifanekiso leyo yezithunzi, ze bazisika, ze zaxhonywa eludongeni.
Kwiveki ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, uNigel wabakhuphela phandle kwakhona abantwana bakhe.
Kweli tyeli wabakhuphela phandle emini emaqanda. Bathi bakuphumela phandle abantwana,
abazibona izithunzi zabo. Kweli tyeli izithunzi zazizifutshane kakhulu. Abanye babantwana
babekhathazekile yile nto!
Wathi uNigel asakuxelela oogxa bakhe kamva emsebenzini, omnye wootitshala wesiGaba
esiPhakathi wathi, “intle kakhulu ke loo nto! Kuba ngoku uza kukwazi ukucacisa ukuba kutheni
izithunzi zabo zizincinci okanye ‘ziphele emehlweni’.”
“Hayi khona,” watsho uNigel. “Andinakuyenza konke loo nto. Ndifuna ukuba bacinge ngoko,
kuza kuthi ke xa sele bebadadlanyana kwaye befunda ngentshukumo zoMhlaba, la mava aza
kubanceda ukuba baqonde.”
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Sifuna ukuba abafundi bethu bahlale becinga. Kuye kuthi ke kamva
bafunde ngezizathu ezibangela ukuba izithunzi zabo zikhangeleke zisithi shwaka.
Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangathatha imilinganiselo yezithunzi zabo. Ngokwenza oko
uya kube uhlanganisa uphando lwakho lwenzululwazi kwakunye neziBalo.
Ukuba ufundisa abafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, ungenza le nto

yenziwa nguNigel, uyalele abafundi bakho ukuba bazobele izithunzi zabanye
ze uzixhome eludongeni lweklasi yakho. Abantwana bangathatha
imilinganiselo yezithunzi zabo besebenzisa iinyawo nezandla zabo.
Ukuphanda ngemozulu
Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe isigqibo malunga nokuba ufuna ukuba olu
phando luqhube ixesha elingakanani. Mhlawumbi ungagqiba kwelokuba ufuna
ukuba abafundi bakho baphande ngemozulu isithuba esingangenyanga. Okanye
bangaqhubekeka nophando ikota yonke. Nguwe omakazikhethele. Into
ebalulekileyo yeyokuba ukhuthaze abafundi bakho ukuba “bacinge ze
basebenze njengosonzululwazi” (nguSkamp, 1998)

Benza ntoni ke oosonzululwazi? Bayaphonononga ze babhale phantsi oko Thetha nabafundi

bakubonayo rhoqo ngexesha elimiselweyo. Ukuba ufuna ukukhuthaza abafundi
bakho malunga
bakho ukuba bacinge ze benze njengoosonzululwazi, kufuneka wenze abafundi
bakho ukuba babhale phantsi oko bakubonileyo ngemozulu kathathu ngemini. nendlela
Xoxa nabafundi bakho malunga noko ufuna ukuba bakwenze. Bakhuthaze ooSonzululwazi
ukuba bacinge ngamaxesha afanelekileyo abaza kuqaphela ngawo imozulu. abasebenza ngayo.
Emva koko ke seka amaxesha amathathu osuku apho abantwana baya
Baxelele ukuba ufuna
kukhangela imozulu rhoqo kwisithuba sexesha elisekiweyo.
ukuba bacinge
Iibhodi zokucwangcisa uphando malunga noko
Xa uxoxa ngendlela oza kulwenza ngayo uphando kunye nabafundi bakho,
mhlawumbi ungakufumanisa kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise ‘ibhodi banokukufumanisa
yokucwangcisa’ kunye nabafundi bakho. Sifumene imizekelo emihle emibini kwakunye noko
yebhodi yokucwangcisa kwincwadi esuka e-Australia, ethi Teaching Primary banokuthatha
Science Constructively (nguSkamp, 1998:44)
imilinganiselo yako.
Abantwana babhala iimpendulo zabo kwimicu
yamaphepha ze basebenzise isincamathelisi
sokuwancamathisela ebhodini.
IBHODI YOKUCWANGCISA UPHANDO

Isikhokelo esikwikhadi
Umbuzo Yeyiphi iswekile enyibilika ngokukhawuleza?
eliqinileyo elineplastiki
engasemva
encamathelayo eyenza
ukuba ibhodi ibe Kwenzeke ntoni?
nokuphinda Yintoni Uhlobo lweswekile – iswekile ecolekileyo, iswekile
isetyenziswe endinokuyiguqula? emdaka, iswekile erhabaxa, iswekile engamagaqa
kwakhona.
Singayigcina ngcono njani?
Yintoni Ikhawuleza kangakanani na iswekile ukunyibilika –
Imibuzo enika inkxaso
ebantwaneni xa endinokuyilinganisela? ixesha
becwangcisa uphando Siya kufuna ntoni?
lwabo.
Yintoni Isixa samanzi, ubushushu nokubanda kwamanzi, isixa

endinokuyigcina ifana? seswekile, ukuzamisa
Siya kwenza ntoni?
Le bhodi
ingasetyenziswa Ndingazibhala njani Uhlobo lweswekile
ngumntu omnye iziphumo zam? Ixesha elithatyathwe yiswekile ukunyibilika
okanye ngamaqela Uthini umbuzo?
amancinane. Ibhodi
enkulu ingenzelwa
ukusetyenziswa yiklasi Yintoni endiza UIswekile, ijagi yokulinganisela, amanzi, icephe, Indlu yocwangciso lwesihloko esingezinto
xa iyonke. kuyifuna? iwotshi
ezizakusetyenziswa
(Ithatyathelwe kuGoldsworthy noFeasey ka 1994)
Ungasebenzisa enye yeebhodi zokucwangcisa, okanye ungathabatha

enye uyilungelelanise ze uyisebenzise eklasini yakho. Thetha
nabafundi bakho malunga nendlela ooSonzululwazi abasebenza
ngayo. Baxelele ukuba ufuna ukuba bacinge malunga noko
banokukufumanisa kwakunye noko banokuthatha imilinganiselo yako.
Ungasebenzisa le mibuzo ilandelayo ukukhokela ingxoxo:
O Yintoni esinokuthatha imilinganiselo yayo? (Icala oya kulo umoya;
isixa semvula; ubude nobukhulu besithunzi)
O Ingaba kukho into ekuya kufuneka siyiguqule? (Indawo esithatha
imilinganiselo kuyo)
O Ingaba siya kuzibhala njani iziphumo zethu? (Kwitshati / kwigrafu)
O Yintoni esiya kuyifuna? (isalatha-moya / unobonisela womoya;
igeyiji yemvula; iphepha kunye netshokhwe / iikhrayoni /
iipensile)

Ukuqwalasela nokubhala ingxelo

yemozulu
Abafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye
nabeBanga 3
Emva kwentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu
zokuphononnga nokubhala ingxelo
ngeenkcukacha zemozulu, ungenza uluhlu
lwamagama lokubolekisana. Oku kuya
kwenza abafundi ukuba babolekisane
ngokukhangela imozulu ze babhale phantsi
ingxelo yoko bakuqwalaseleyo kwiTshati
yeMozulu. (Uya kufumana umzekelo wetshati
yeMozulu kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 84.)
Emva kweveki, khuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bajonge
izimbo zemozulu. Bacele ukuba baqashele ukuba iza
kuba njani na imozulu ngosuku olulandelayo okanye
ngempelaveki leyo ilandelayo. Khuthaza iklasi yakho
ukuba imamele ingxelo yemozulu kanomathotholo
okanye babukele ingxelo yemozulu kumabonakude.
Bacele ukuba bamamele / babukele amaqondo aphezulu
namaqondo asezantsi obushushu kuqikelelo lwemozulu
yaseKapa, kwakunye necala oya ngakulo umoya.
Abantwana bangakhangela ukuba uqikelelo olo
lwemozulu luchanekile kusini na, oko bekwenza kunye
neklasi yabo / bangakhangela ukuba lichanekile kusini
na icala oya ngakulo umoya. Kananjalo bangathatha umlinganiselo wemvula
ngegeyiji yemvula abazenzele yona. (Siquke imiyalelo yokwenziwa kwegeyiji
apha ngezantsi.)
Kananjalo abantwana bangajonga uqikelelo lwemozulu kumaphephandaba.
Ayingawo onke amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni aquka uqikelelo lwemozulu
lwempelaveki. Mhlawumbi wena kunye nabantwana bakho
ningaqhagamshelana ne-ofisi yephephandaba elo ukuze nibacele ukuba baquke
ingcaciso engoqikelelo lwemozulu. Uqikelelo lwemozulu olukwiphephandaba
leCape Times lucace kakuhle kakhulu.

Enye indlela yokwenza isalathisi-moya

Zinto zini oza kuzifuna
O Umntla womlenze wekawusi osuka kwiikawusi
ezingamagusha
O Uswazana olubhityileyo (isikhonkwane esingenantloko
esimalunga nama-80 okanye nama-90 eesentimitha ubude)
O Ucingo olubhityileyo (olubude bumalunga nama-75
eesentimitha
O Ibhotile (ekuza kumiswa kuyo uswazana olo)
1. Nweba amagusha kancinci ukuze abe makhulu
ngokwaneleyo ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuvutheleka kuwo.
2. Thungela ucingo lugqobhozele kumphezulu womlenze
wamagusha njengoko ubunokwenza ngenaliti xa uthunga
ngokwezitishi ilaphu elithile.
3. Qinisekisa ukuba wenza isangqa.
4. Jijela icala elifutshane locingo kwicala elide.
5. Jijela icala elide locingo kumphezulu woswazana.
6. Faka uswazana ebhotileni.
7. Khetha indawo evulelekileyo kumabala esikolo apho isalathisi-

moya sakho siya kukhuseleka khona. Faka ibhotile leyo
ibambeke kumngxunyana ongenzulu kuyaphi emhlabeni.
8. Qinisekisa ukuba umlomo wesalathisi-moya esifakwe
kuswazana uvulekile.
Enye indlela yokwenza igeyiji yemvula
Zinto zini oza kuzifuna
Ibhotile yeplastiki enomphantsi osicaba kwakunye namacala
asicaba
1. Sika, ukhuphe umphezulu webhotile ze uwuguqule
umphezulu lowo uwenze ifanele. Faka ‘ifanele’ leyo
kwasebhotileni ngokobufanele bayo.
2. Ungacela abafundi bakho ukuba benze iimpawu emacaleni
ebhotile ngokweesentimitha ngekoki engacinywa ngamanzi.
3. Khetha indawo evulelekileyo kumabala esikolo apho igeyiji
yakho yemvula iya kukhuseleka khona. Faka igeyiji leyo
emngxunyeni ze ibambeke emhlabeni.
4. Ngentsasa nganye (xa bekukhe kwanetha) cela abafundi
bakho ukuba bayisuse ibhotile leyo ze bakhangele ukuba
ingakanani na imvula abayiqokeleleyo ebhotileni.
Basakugqiba ukubhala isixa semvula eso, bacele ukuba
bawakhuphe amanzi lawo emvula, ze baphinde bayifake
igeyiji yemvula kwindawo yayo.

Ukwandisa uphando
Ungalwandisa olu phando ngokujolisa kwizimanga zendalo yengingqi,
umzekelo, izandyondyo zemvula ebusika, imililo yamadlelo ehlotyeni. Okanye
mhlawumbi unganqwenela ukuseka ingxaki njengengxam yophando
lwabafundi. Enye yeendlela ezihamba phambili onokwenza ngayo oku
kukusebenzisa imifanekiso.
Ukusebenzisa imifanekiso nabafundi
Kuya kufuneka ukuba uqokelele imifanekiso yemizekelo eyahlukileyo yemozulu
ukuze uyisebenzise nabafundi bakho. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nemifanekiso
engama-20 ubuncinane. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nephepha
elikhulu elinetshati kwakunye nekoki.
Qala ngokukhetha umfanekiso omnye ukubonisa ukuba ufuna ukuba abafundi
bakho benze ntoni na.
Xhoma umfanekiso lowo kwitshati esephepheni. Qokelela abafundi ukuze
beme ecaleni kwakho, bakungqonge ze bathethe ngomfanekiso lowo. Ukuba
usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, bhala amagqabantshintshi
abakunika wona ngokwemaphu yeengcinga, ujikeleza umfanekiso lowo.
Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3,

bacele ukuba bacinge ngemibuzo abanokuyibuza
ngokuphathelele kumfanekiso lowo. Bhala imibuzo yabo
ngokwemaphu yeengcinga / ngokweentambo zesigcawu
ezingqonge umfanekiso. Besakuba becinge ngemibuzo
embalwa abafundi bakho beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3,
zama ukubacela ukuba bacinge ngeempendulo ezithile
zemibuzo yabo.

Umsebenzi owongezelekileyo kunye nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye

abeBanga 3
Okokuqala, sasaza imifanekiso phezu kwetafile.

Emva koko ke xelela iklasi yakho ukuba ufuna
umntu ngamnye ukuba makajonge
emifanekisweni, kwaye ufuna umntu ngamnye
ukuba akhethe into ibenye eyiyeyona ayithanda
kakhulu. Kodwa yibethelele into yokuba akukho
mntu uvumelekileyo ukuba makawuthathele
kuye umfanekiso lowo awugcine. Kufuneka
bayibeke imifanekiso leyo yabo etafileni.
O Emva koko ke kufuneka umntwana ngamnye
akhethe iqabane ze azise iqabane elo
ngomfanekiso awukhethileyo. Loo nto ke iya
kuthetha ukuba isibini ngasinye sixoxa
ngemifanekiso emibini.
O Emva koko ke eso sibini kufuneka sidibane nesinye isibini ukuze kwabelwane
ngezimvo ngokuphathelele kule mifanekiso mine bayikhethileyo.
O Emva koku, iqela ngalinye lezine kufuneka likhethe umfanekiso omnye
kuphela kuleyo mine. Baxelele abafundi bakho ukuba baza kusebenza ngalo
mfanekiso mnye njengeqela.
Le nkqubo ibhida kakhulu, kodwa kumnandi ukuyenza. Abantwana kufuneka
bacinge ze bathathe izigqibo. Kuya kufuneka bathetha-thethane xa baza kukhetha
umfanekiso omnye kuphela. Ukanti ukuba kuthe kwakho iqela elililelinye elifuna
ukusebenzisa lo mfanekiso mnye, loo nto ithetha ukuba kufuneka kuthethwa-
thethwane kwakhona. Abafundi bakho baya kuzifuna kakhulu ezi zakhono
kubomi babo.
Ke ngoku cela abafundi ukuba baxoxe ngomfanekiso lowo bawukhethileyo. Nika
iqela ngalinye uxwebhu lwephepha kwakunye neqhekeza lePrestiki ukuze
bancamathisele umfanekiso lowo ephepheni. Kananjalo iqela ngalinye liya kufuna
ikhrayoni okanye usiba. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba bacinge ngayo yonke
imibuzo abanokucinga ngayo. Bacele ukuba bacinge ngemibuzo eqala
ngoYintoni, Phi, Nini, Njani kwakunye noKutheni. Baxelele ukuba babhale
phantsi imibuzo yabo.
Asakuba onke amaqela ekwazile ukubhala eminye yemibuzo, xelela amaqela
lawo ukuba abelane ngezimvo ngomfanekiso kwakunye nemibuzo yawo kunye
neklasi xa iyonke. Kananjalo usenokucela iklasi, okanye iqela elahlukileyo ukuba
licinge ngeempendulo ezinokunikwa kwimibuzo leyo ibuzwe liqela elo.

Ukucinga ngezandyondyo zemvula nezikhukula

Kwenzeka ntoni xa kukho izandyondyo zemvula?
O Ziba yintoni iziphumo?
O Ucinga ukuba abantu baziva njani?
O Yintoni abanokuyenza ukunqanda
ukhukhuliseko?
O Ingaba yintoni ababeyenza mandulo?
O Zolwakhiwo kokusingqongileyo – indledlana
yeenyawo eyakhiweyo – indawo yokuhamba
iinqwelo
O Abafundi beBanga 3 banokubhalela
iBhunga leSixeko.
Lisakuphela ixesha lolu phando, kufuneka
ubambe ingxoxo kunye nabafundi ze nithethe
ngokuba yintoni efundwe yiklasi. Jongani
ibhodi yocwangciso ebeniyisebenzisile kunye
nabafundi bakho kolu phando. Cela abafundi
bakho ukuba bathethe ze banike ingxelo
ngeziphumo zophando. Yintoni
abayifumanisileyo? Yintoni abayifundileyo?
Yeyiphi enye into abanokuthanda ukuyazi?
Banokufumanisa njani ngayo?
Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kolu
phando. Yinto abathi ooSonzululwazi
bayenze xa besenza uphando lwabo. Ukuba
sizimisele malunga nokwenza abafundi bethu bacinge ze benze izenzo
ezenziwa ngooSonzululwazi, asikwazi ukuyityeshela le ndawo.
Le mifanekiso iyafumaneka
kwa-PSP

Isiqukumbelo
Sithemba ukuba uya kuyifumana le ncwadana
iluncedo olukhulu, ze ibe nempembelelo kuwe
ekwabelaneni kwakho nabafundi bakho
ngezeNzululwazi. Sithemba ukuba ulonwabele
uphando obulwenza nabafundi bakho. Kambe
sikwathemba ukuba iingcebiso esizenzileyo
zikukhuthazile ukuze uphande eminye imibuzo
abanayo abafundi bakho.
Siyazi ukuba ootitshala abaninzi besiGaba sesiSeko
bayabakhuthaza abafundi babo ukuba baphonononge
kwaye bafunde ngehlabathi labo. Le nto ibaluleke
kakhulu. Abantwana abancinane bathe qwa kwaye
banomdla kakhulu ngokubangqongileyo. Kufuneka
sivule isithuba kusuku oluxakekileyo lwesikolo, kwaye
sidale namathuba okuba abafundi bethu balandele
imibuzo yabo kwaye bahlole nangakumbi ngenkxaso
yethu.
Kule ncwadana sicebise ngeendlela zokuhlanganisa
uphando kunye neminye imimandla yokufunda.
Ikharityhulamu yesizwe isicela ukuba sihlanganise
imimandla yokufunda. Kambe ezeNzululwazi zisinika
amathuba amaninzi natyebileyo okunxulumanisa
iLitheresi kwakunye neNyumerasi. Singakwazi ukuba
sibalise amabali siwafake kuphando lwezeNzululwazi.
EzeNzululwazi zisinika isigama kwakunye namathuba
okuba sandise kwaye siphuhlise ukusetyenziswa
kolwimi ngabafundi. Xa kuthethwa ngokuphuhlisa
nokwandiswa kolwimi kwakunye nelitheresi
kubafundi bethu, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka
sibanike izicatshulwa ezinomdla nezinyanisekileyo
abaza kusebenza ngazo. EzeNzululwazi ziveza kwaye
zinike umxholo nomongo wezi zicatshulwa. Kambe
uphando oluninzi lufuna ukuba silinganise kwaye
sisebenzise neengqiqo zamanani kunye nezakhono.
Ukuba abafundi bethu beSigaba sesiSeko sibanika
ummandla nesithuba sokuhlola ze baphande
ngehlabathi labo, baya kuba nomdla kakhulu kwaye
balonwabele eli solotya lekharityhulamu. Kananjalo
siya kube sibalungiselela amava azayo kwiNzululwazi
yezeNdalo abaya kuhlangana nawo kwikhondo labo
lasesikolweni. Kambe kwazi bani? Mhlawumbi omnye
wabantwana esibafundisayo angaphela
enguSonzululwazi obalulekileyo kwixa elizayo. Into
ebalulekileyo nengamandla kukuba masibavulele
amathuba sibaxhase xa bephonononga kwaye behlola,
bekwafunisela nangehlabathi labo

ISIHLOMELO
A m a p h e p h a o k u p h o n o n o n g a – isiXhosa
Igama loSonzululwazi .........................................
Ndajonga ..................................................
Ndaqaphela
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ISIHLOMELO 65
Igama loSonzululwazi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ndajonga ..................................................
Ndabona
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Endikuqapheleyo
Umhla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ndajonga
..........................................................
..........................................................
Umfanekiso wento endiyibonileyo
Nazi izinto endiziqapheleyo:
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ISIHLOMELO 67
A m a p h e p h a o k u p h o n o n o n g a – English
Name of Scientist ............................................
I looked at .................................................
I noticed
..........................................................
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Observation
Date ...................
I looked at
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A picture of what I saw
Here are some things I noticed:
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ISIHLOMELO 69
Name of Scientist ...........................................
I looked at .................................................
I noticed
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A m a p h e p h a o k u p h o n o n o n g a – Afrikaans
Naam van Wetenskaplike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ek kyk na ..................................................
Ek het opgemerk
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ISIHLOMELO 71
Naam van Wetenskaplike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ek kyk na ..................................................
Ek het opgemerk
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Waarneming
Datum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ek kyk na
..........................................................
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’n Prent van wat ek sien
Hier is ’n paar dinge wat ek opgemerk het
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ISIHLOMELO 73
iTshati ye-L-F-F
74
FPSc Xhosa2
Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba sesiSeko

9/13/09
Loluphi ULWAZI esele sinalo? Yintoni ESIFUNA ukuyazi? Yintoni ESIYIFUNDILEYO?

4:41 PM
Page 74
UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

FPSc Xhosa2
Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba esisisiSeko
ISIHLOMELO
Loluphi ULWAZI Yintoni ESIFUNA Yintoni Singayifumanisa Yintoni
9/13/09
esele sinalo? ukuyazi? ESIYICINGAYO? NJANI le nto? ESIYIFUNDILEYO?

4:41 PM
Page 75
75
Amalahle etotshi

Iibhalbhu zetotshi
ISIHLOMELO 77
Imodeli yebhalbhu yetotshi

Iindlela ezintlanu zokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite
Mhlawumbi bangazifumanisa ezi ndlela ngokunokwabo ngokumana bezama.
Kodwa hayi le Okanye le
Kukhangeleka ngokungathi abaqondi ukuba ibhalbhu ingalayita nokuba ilaliswe

ngecala. Ukuba kuthe kanti unabafundi abazikisayo ukucinga eklasini yakho,
mhlawumbi ungafumana iqela elinye okanye amabini azichanayo nezi iindlela.
ISIHLOMELO 79
isiBhadlalala seMbukumbuku
yoMnqathe oMkhulu
Ngokubhalwa nguLeo Tolstoy
Kudala-dala kwaye kukho ixhego elithile elatyala igaqana lomnqathe othile obizwa
ngokuba yitheniphu Khula, “Khula theniphu encinane, khula ube mnandi. Khula,
khula, khula theniphu encinane, khula womelele.” Yenjenjalo ke nayo itheniphu
ukukhula, yakhula yamnandi kwaye yomelela, yasisibhadlalala esikhulukazi.
Kwathi ngenye imini, eli xhego laya kuyitsala itheniphu yalo. Layitsala, layitsala,
kodwa ayatsho ukutsaleka itheniphu. Ixhego laye labiza ixhegokazi lalo. Ixhegokazi
laye latsala ixhego. Ixhego laze latsala itheniphu. Baphinda batsala kwakhona, ayaze
yatsho itheniphu ukuza.
Ixhegokazi laqonda ukuba malibize umzukulwana walo. Umzukulwana watsala
ixhegwazana. Lona ixhegwazana latsala ixhego. Ixhego lona latsala itheniphu.
Baphinda batsala, batsala, kodwa ayaze itsho ukuphuma itheniphhu.
Umzukulwana wabiza inja yakhe emnyama. Inja yatsala umzukulwana.
Umzukulwana watsala ixhegwazana. Ixhegwazana latsala ixhego. Ixhego latsala
itheniphu. Baphinda batsala, batsala, ayatsho ukuza itheniphu.
Inja yabiza ikati. Ikati yatsala inja. Inja yatsala umzukulwana. Umzukulwana watsala
ixhegwazana. Laza ke ixhegwazana latsala ixhego. Xhego elo latsala itheniphu.
Baqhubeka betsala, batsala, batsala, kodwa nkqi ukuphuma itheniphu.
Ikati yabiza impuku. Impuku yatsala ikati. Ikati yatsala inja. Inja yatsala
umzukulwana. Umzukulwana watsala ixhegwazana. Laza ke ixhegwazana latsala
ixhego. Xhego elo latsala itheniphu. Ngelingeni bhuncu, phumiyane loo
mbukumbuku yetheniphu.

AmaKhadi oMsebenzi
Zinto zini ezifuna ukuTyhalwa? Zinto zini ezifuna

ukuTsalwa?
Zinto zini ezifuna ukuJijwa?
Phanda ngoko ukufumana ebhokisini.
Zinto zini ezifuna ukutyhalwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye
Zinto zini ezifuna ukutsalwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye
Zinto zini ezifuna ukujijwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye
Zoba into nganye efuna ukutyhalwa kuluhlu loTyhalo.
Zoba into nganye efuna ukutsalwa kuluhlu loTsalo.
Zoba into nganye efuna ukujijwa kuluhlu loJijo.
Yeyiphi eyona nqwelo ibaleka umgama omde?

Makubekho umntu oza kuba ngumbekisi.
Bonke abanye abantu aba mabathathe iinqwelo ibenye umntu
ngamnye.
Bekani iinqwelo zenu kumgca ekuqaliswa kuwo.
Asakuthi umbekisi, “Maziye!” wonke umntu makayithi nti
nje kubekanye inqwelo yakhe.
Yeyiphi eyona nqwelo ibaleka ngesantya esikhulu? Kutheni?
Yeyiphi eyona inqwelo ibaleka umgama omde? Kutheni?
Ihambe umgama ongakanani inqwelo nganye? Linganisela
umgama obalekwe yinqwelo nganye ngeteyiphu yokuthatha
imilinganiselo.
ISIHLOMELO 81
Amabhastile
Ungalenza njani ukuba ibhastile lihambe?
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuze ibhastile
lihambe?
Fumana iindlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza
ukuba ibhastile lihambe.
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ingcono kunezinye?
Kutheni le yona indlela ingcono kunezinye?
Iidilesi eziluncedo
Clay Supplier Clip-Clop
Kiln Contracts (Pty) Ltd Fiona & Chris Berensford
11 Celie Road PO Box 2735
Retreat Clareinch
7945 Cape Town 7740 Cape Town
Tel: (021) 701-6682 Tel: (021 671 6686
Fax: (088) 021 671 6686
Science Equipment
Rutland Industries Planetarium
PO Box 27036 Iziko South African Museum
Benrose 25 Queen Victoria Street
2011 Johannesburg Gardens
Tel: (011) 618-3646 8001 Cape Town
Fax: (011) 614-9810 Tel: (021) 481-3822
Kirstenbosch Outreach Greening Programme South African Astronomical Observatory

Tel: (021) 799-874; (021) 799-8670 Observatory Road
Observatory
7935 Cape Town
Tel: (021) 447-0025

FPSc Xhosa2
IKhalenda yokuJonga iNyanga
ISIHLOMELO
ICawe UMvulo ULwesibini ULwesithathu ULwesine ULwesihlanu UMgqibelo
9/13/09
4:41 PM
Page 83
83
Imozulu yethu
84
FPSc Xhosa2
UMvulo ULwesibini ULwesithathu ULwesine ULwesihlanu

Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni
9/13/09
eyona nto eyona nto eyona nto eyona nto eyona nto
yenzekileyo yenzekileyo yenzekileyo yenzekileyo yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
4:41 PM
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Page 84
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
Uqikelelo
Yintoni eyona
nto yenzekileyo
UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

IsiPhumo sesiFundo: UPhando lwezeNzululwazi

Abafundi basebenza ngokuzithemba ekufuneni ulwazi ngezenzeko zendalo; baphanda
ulwalamano nokusombulula iingxaki kwiimeko zenzululwazi, kwezobuchwepheshe
nakwezommandla obangqongileyo.
Izinga leBanga R Izinga leBanga 1 Izinga leBanga 2 Izinga leBanga 3
Ukucwangcisa uphando
Umfundi unenxaxheba Umfundi ucwangcisa Umfundi ucwangcisa Umfundi usebenzisa
ayithabathayo uphando uphando njengelungu izinto ezikhethwe
ekucwangcisweni ngokuzimeleyo. leqela. liqela ukuze abe
komsebenzi nokuthetha
wophando. ngesicwangciso seqela
Ukwenza uphando nokuqokelela iinkcukacha

Umfundi uthabatha Umfundi uthabatha Umfundi uthatha Umfundi uthabatha
inxaxheba kumsebenzi inxaxheba inxaxheba inxaxheba
ocwangcisiweyo. ngokuzimeleyo ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokwakhayo
kumsebenzi njengelungu leqela emsebenzini kwaye
ocwangcisiweyo. kumsebenzi eyiqonda injongo
ocwangcisiweyo. yawo.
Ukuhluza iinkcukacha nokuthetha ngeziphumo

Umfundi ucinga ze Umfundi ucinga ngoko Umfundi ubonakalisa Umfundi ucacisa ze
athethe ngoko kwenziweyo ze ze acacise oko acamngce ngezenzo
kwenziweyo. athethe ngoko bekunqwenelwa ebezinqwenelwa,
kufunyanisiweyo. nendlela okwenziwe nokuba ingaba ibikho
ngayo. indlela yokufezekiswa
kwesicwangciso kusini
na.
ISIHLOMELO 85
Iingqiqo kwakunye nolwazi olungundoqo lweNzululwazi yezeNdalo kwisiGaba seSiseko
INkqunto (Matter) neziNto ezinomsebenzi

Iimpawu kwakunye nemisebenzi yezinto Ubume, indlela ezisabela ngayo kwakunye
ezinomsebenzi neenguqu zezinto ezinomsebenzi
Inkcazelo: Singazihlela izinto ezinomsebenzi Inkcazelo: Singazihlaziya izinto ezinomsebenzi

ngeempawu zazo ukuze sifumanise iintlobo ngeendlela esikhetha ngazo, siqhutywa
kwakunye nezimbo zazo. Iimpawu zimisela kukuqonda kwethu izakhiwo zazo ezikwiqondo
indlela yokukhethwa kwezinto ezinomsebenzi, elisezantsi.
zikhethelwa imisebenzi ethile.
O Izinto ezinomsebenzi zineempawu O Into ingaxutywa nenye into kwaye ngamanye

ezahlukileyo ezinjengoburhabaxa nokuguda, amaxesha inguqu zingabonakala,
umbala, amandla kwakunye nobunzima, ezinjengokunyibilika kwesiqina okanye
kwaye zinokuhlelwa ngokwezi mpawu. ukuvela komnye umbala xa kuhonjiswa
“Senza izinto ngezinto ezinomsebenzi ukutya ngombala/xa kuxutywe iipeyinti
ezineempawu esizifunayo.” ezahlukileyo.
Ubomi neMpilo
Ubudlelwane Iyantlukwano kwizityalo
Iinkqubo zobomi kwakunye
kokusingqongileyo nezilwanyana endalweni,
nempilo entle
iinguqu kwakunye
nokuqhubekela phambili
Inkcazelo: Izinto eziphilayo Inkcazelo: Iziphili Inkcazelo: Iyantlukwano enkulu

kuqukwa abantu, kunye neziphili ezikwisixokelelwano sendalo kwizimo zobomi ingaqondwa xa
ezincinane ezingabonakaliyo, ukuze ziphile zixhomekeke kulandelwa imbali yenguqu
zingaqondwa kuphela kubukho beemeko ezingenabomi kokusingqongileyo kwakunye
ngokweenkqubo zobomi, iiyunithi kwakunye nonxulumano lwazo neempawu zezityalo
ezisetyenziswayo kwakunye nezinye iziphili. nezilwanyana kwihlabathi lonke
nezixokelelwano. kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
O Amalungu emizimba yethu O Sixhomekeke kwizityalo O Kukho izilwanyana nezityalo

amaninzi ayafumaneka kwaye nakwizilwanyana ukuze ezininzi ezahlukileyo
ayafana namalungu amaninzi sifumane ukutya kwaye sithi ezinezinto ezininzi
emizimba yezilwanyana, sifuye izilwanyana ze sityale nezibonakalayo ezahluke
njengeembambo, iintloko, izityalo ezithile ukuze sivune ngazo, kodwa zibe zinezinto
amehlo, iindlebe, iinyawo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. ezifana ngazo, nezithi
kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi O Sibona iyantlukwano zihlelwe ngokwezi zinto
izilwanyana ziwasebenzisela la ngokweenkcubeko zabantu zifana ngazo.
malungu imisebenzi efanayo ngokuphathelele kukutya O Izityalo nezilwanyana
nesiwasebenzisela yona abantu abakutyayo. ziyatshintsha ngokokukhula
awethu amalungu. O Ezinye izilwanyana kwazo, ngokokuhamba
O Izilwanyana kwakunye ezinjengeempukane kweminyaka
nezityalo zineemfuno ezifanayo kwakunye namakhalane nangokutshintsha
nezethu, njengokutya, amanzi zithwala iintsholongwane kwamaxesha onyaka.
kunye nomoya. ezenza abantu bagule.

I-Eneji neNguquko
Izikhupheli-eneji kwakunye neenkqubo I-Eneji kwakunye noPhuhliso eMzantsi Afrika
Inkcazelo: I-eneji ikhutshelwa ngokweenkqubo isikhupheli-eneji ngasinye.

zebhayoloji okanye ezendalo, ukusuka Inkcazelo: Kukho imithombo ye-eneji embalwa
kwimithombo ye-eneji. Kukho ezinye iintlobo apho kufumaneka i-eneji khona, ngoko ke
ze-eneji ezithi zinqongophale ukuba uphuhliso olusisigxina lwamazwe akummandla
singazisebenzisa ngenxa yohlobo wethu luxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni ngobulumko
lwesikhupheli-eneji ngasinye, yiyo loo nto ke kwemithombo ye-eneji.
kufuneka siyazile indlela yokulawula
O Xa sisithi ‘siziva sine-eneji eninzi’, O Abantu abangafumani kutya kwaneleyo okanye

sithetha ukuba siziva sinamandla kwaye abo bangafumani ntlobo zokutya ezilungileyo,
silungele ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile basoloko beziva bedangele okanye bediniwe
ngokukhawuleza okanye senze umsebenzi kwaye bengenamandla.
omninzi.
IPlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo

Indawo yethu kwindawo I-atmosfera nemozulu Umhlaba oGuqukayo
ekujikeleza kuyo ihlabathi
Inkcazelo: Iplanethi yethu Inkcazelo: I-atmosfera Inkcazelo: Umhlaba wenziwe
yinxalenye encinane sisixokelelwano esinxibelelana ngezinto ezinomsebenzi ezithe
kwisixokelelwano esikhulu nomhlaba, amachweba kunye gqolo ukuguqulwa zizinto
selanga nezijikelezi zalo neelwandle ze sithumele i- ezithile ezinamandla
kwingqumba enkulu eneji kunye namanzi ukusuka ezingaphezulu nangaphantsi
yeenkwenkwezi kwenye indawo ukuya komhlaba.
esemajukujukwini. kwenye.
O Kukho izinto ezininzi O Imozulu itshintsha mihla le O Umhlaba kwakunye namatye

ezahlukileyo ezinokubonwa kwaye iguquka ngendlela ayehluka ngokwenkangeleko,
esibhakabhakeni. Imizekelo apha enokuqikeleleka ngokuguda noburhabaxa
yazo ziintaka, amafu, ngamanye amaxesha ze ukusuka kwenye indawo
iinqwelo-moya, ilanga, ibhalwe phantsi. Kodwa ukuya kwenye. Ngophando,
iinkwenkwezi, inyanga, kukho izehlo zemozulu abafundi bangafumanisa
iplanethi kwakunye engaqhelekanga ukuba umhlaba othile
neziphekepheke. Zonke ezi ezinjengezikhukhula, ukhukuliseka lula kunomnye,
zinto zineempawu, iindawo izaqhwithi, iinkanyamba ngeli xa kolunye uhlobo
ezikuzo kwakunye nezichotho ezithi zibe lomhlaba kukhula ngcono
neentshukumo ezizenzayo nempembelelo kwimpilo izityalo kunolunye uhlobo.
ekunokuphandwa ngazo yabantu. Bangaphanda ngokuba
ukuze kufunyaniswe izimbo zeziphi ezinye iimeko
zazo, ulwalamano ezibandakanyekayo koku
kwakunye nobume bazo. okanye ezidala le
yantlukwano.
ISIHLOMELO 87
Ootitshala besiGaba sesiSeko abathe bathabatha inxaxheba kule

projekthi iqhube iminyaka emi-3
ALPINE Ms Mgumane Ms Petersen
Ms Lavona Allies Ms T Ngudle Ms Jackie Roman
Ms Cheryl Bocks Ms Mandisa Peko Ms Sharifa Smith
Ms Valencia Daniels Ms Rorwana Ms Anna-Marie Willemse
Ms Shahida Davids
LINGE PHILIPPI K (ZANEMFUNDO)
Ms Audrey Dryding
Ms Ntombizodwa Galo
Ms Ida George Ms Ntombodidi Cabane
Ms Nomonde Gxabela
Ms Zelma Johnson Ms Nosipho Dondolo
Ms Noxolo Hina
Ms Faldielah Khatieb Ms Hombakazi Kula
Ms Nothemba Jay
Ms Sukaina Mitchell Ms Nokuthula Mandindi
Ms Mandisa Lali
Ms Rosina Pontac Ms Lillian Mankayi
Ms Alicia Lupuwana
Ms Belinda Tarantal
Ms Nozuko Maqungo Ms Phumza Mgetu
Ms Magdelena Weitz
Ms Nonyameko Ncosani Ms Mutiwe Mguzulo
Ms Linda Wildeman
Ms Ntombomzi Ntozini Ms Nozuko Mtshekexe
DIETRICH MORAVIAN Ms Vinah Qhina Ms Ntombizilungile Ndzube
Ms Kathleen Boltney Ms Ntombi Veleko Ms Thobeka Notshulwana
Ms Jean Cloete Ms Nombulelo Xhego
Ms Nomvuyiseko Ntshonga
Ms Sarah Genever
NOMLINGANISELO Ms Feziwe Nyengane
Ms Teresa Jacobus
Ms Nontobeko Malotana Ms Nontombizanele Potwana
HILLWOOD Ms Nomonde Manyelana Ms Theliswa Sibawu
Ms G Basson Ms Nonkumbulelo Mayeki Ms Bulelwa Sibozo
Ms Maria Botha Ms Nontombi Mdani
Ms Nomaindia Sotondashe
Ms Kathleen Bouwer Ms Patiswa Mpetsheni
Ms Felicia Clayton (Klein) Ms CN Msebe UKHANYO
Ms Wilma Cloete Ms NC Ndevana Ms Zola Bonga
Ms Martha Damons Ms TC Nontulo Ms Lumka Gcuze
Ms Martha Julies Ms Ntamo Ms L Jafta
Ms Marlene Levine (Esterhuizen) Ms Lindiwe Plam
Ms Bulelwa Koni
Ms E Manasse Ms N Windvoel
Ms Phumzile Luthuli
Ms Reginette Marais Ms NM Yekiso
Ms C Matthews Ms Bongiwe Mtintsilana
NORTHWOOD Ms Ndileka Mvandaba
Ms Freda Mellem
Ms R Adams Ms Siphokazi Ntinga
Ms Marlene Morgan
Ms Bonita Daries
Ms Nosipho Nyaba
INTSHINGA Ms De Bryn
Ms Nonkosi Daweti Ms Avril Dixon Ms Linda Nyengane
Ms N Madlingozi Ms Danree Hector Ms Dolly Pudumo
Ms Maureen Makiva Ms H Hull Ms Kholeka Sishuba
Ms L Matiwane Ms Cheryl Johannes Ms Thozama Songwiqi
Ms N Matrose Ms Amina Patel Ms Nobalindi Yukutwana

Uphando cover 9/13/09 4:49 PM Page 1
ITRASTI YENKQUBO YEZENZULULWAZI

YEZABAMABANGA APHANTSI ENTSHONA KOLONI (I-PSP)
I-PSP ngumbutho woqeqesho lwemfundo kwasele besemsebenzini onika inkxaso ootitshala bezikolo
zamabanga aphantsi ngakumbi izikolo ezisezilokishini zeleNtshona Koloni, kummandla wokufunda
wezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo kwakunye neminye imimandla yokufunda ehambelana nawo. Lo mbutho
uzinze e-Edith Stephens Wetland Park, ePhillipi, ekufutshane neendawo ezininzi ezihlala uluntu
oluhluphekayo kwelaseKapa.
I-PSP isebenze ukusuka ngo-1984 kwaye sele yakhe intsebenziswano nobudlelwane obuhle nezikolo
zamabanga aphantsi ezingama-200 kuzo zonke iindawo
ezineeelokishi, kuqukwa iindawo zasemaphandleni zaseBoland kunye nezaseWest Coast. Ngaphezulu
kwe-1050 lootitshala bamaBanga 4 ukuya kwele-7 kunye nabantwana abangama-126, 000 bazuze
lukhulu kumsebenzi wePSP.
I-PSP isebenza kwiimeko apho ootitshala nabantwana abaninzi kufuneka

bengasebenzisanga ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe, okanye isiNgesi kubo ilulwimi olongezelelekileyo lokuqala
okanye olwesibini. Ngako oko ke sikwasebenzela
nokulola izakhono zonxibelelwano zabafudi lo gama sijolise kwimimandla
yokufunda enxulumene nezobunzululwazi kunye nezendalo nokusingqongileyo.
Okwakaloku nje I-PSP inabasebenza abali-10 esebenza ngabo.
IINKCUKACHA ZONXIBELELWANO
Western Cape Primary Science Programme (PSP)
Edith Stephens Wetland Park
Lansdowne Road
Philippi, Cape Flats, 7785
P.O. Box 24158
Lansdowne 7779
South Africa
Tel: (021) 6919039 - Fax: (021) 6916350
e-mail: info@psp.org.za (website: www.psp.org.za)
NPO: 015-822
Registration Number: IT2806/99
ISBN 978-0-9814425-2-5

Uphando Nabafundi Besigaba Sesiseko

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Uphando Nabafundi Besigaba Sesiseko

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FPSc Xhosa1 9/13/09 6:15 PM Page 1

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INkcazelo yeKharityhulamu yeSizwe

Yintoni equlathwe yile ncwadana?

Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo le ncwadi Umkhenkce, udongwe,

Kwicandelo lokugqibela, elingePlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo, sicebise

Indlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadi

Into ekuya kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo yimozulu kwanexesha lonyaka

Isuka phi imvula?

4 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Indlela yokwenza umkhenkce

Ukucwangcisa nokulungiselela ukwenza uphando

6 FOUNDATION PHASE SCIENCE

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi banento yokwenza

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI 7

8 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Lo gama abafundi belinde ukunyibilika

Ubunzululwazi boNyibiliko nokuvela koMphunga

Zama ukwenza abafundi bakho ukuba

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI 9

Ukuphanda inkqunto ngokuyichukumisa

10 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Emva koko khetha umntwana abe mnye obemamele

Ukuphanda inkqunto ngokusebenzisa zonke

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI 11

Ukuphonononga kunye nokubhala

12 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Ukuqikelela nokubhala ingxelo

Ukuphanda, ukuqwalasela nokubhala ingxelo

MATTER AND MATERIALS 13

Izinto oza kuzifuna

14 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Ukuphanda ngeempawu zezinto ezinomsebenzi

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI 15

Ukwenza isonka - ithuba lokwenza uhlanganiso

A Khumbula ukuba iiplastiki

16 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Ukupheka/ukubhaka intlama yesonka

Ukuba uthathe intlama leyo wagoduka nayo, ukuze uyipheke, ungayipheka

Ukungcamla (kunye nokuvavanya) isonka esibhakiweyo

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI 17

Xa umntwana ngamnye sele efumene iqhekeza lesonka, cela

18 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Usakuba uzibhale phantsi zonke iintlobo zamava ngokwenziweyo, funda

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI 19

Kodwa eli ayilo

20 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Qala ngokuqokelela abafundi,

22 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Xa usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, sicebisa ukuba ugxininise

Yile nto kanye eyenziwa nguCheryl

24 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, mhlawumbi ungabacela

26 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

umfundi ngamnye wakhe weBanga 1 iJenali yezeNzululwazi. Abantwana

28 UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

Zeziphi izityalo esizaziyo?

Yintoni esinokuyifumana kumabala esikolo?

Ufuna ukuba Sazi ntoni malunga nezityalo? Sifuna ukwazi ntoni?

Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba esisiSeko

Basakuba abafundi bezalise izintlu ezimbini zetshati, Loluphi

Ukuphononongwa nzulu kwesityalo