Lesson 9.

Chapter 9 : Rational Exponents & Roots

Standards: 2.0 Students understand and use such operations taking a root, and raising to a fractional power. They understand and use the rules of exponents. 12.0 Students simplify fractions with polynomials in the numerator and denominator by factoring both and reducing them to the lowest terms.

Lesson 9.3: Simplified Form for Radicals

Objectives:
Within the learning period, I will be able to 1. Write radical expressions in simplified form. 2. Rationalize a denominator that contains only one term.

Spiral of Roots and Pythagorean Theorem

Properties for Radicals

Property 1 for Radicals
n

ab n a

In words: The nth root of a product is the product of the nth roots.

Property 2 for Radicals n

a na b nb

(b 0)

In words: The nth root of a quotient is the quotient of the nth roots.

SIMPLIFIED RADICAL FORM

In order for a radical expression to be simplified, the following must be true.
1) 2) 3) 4)

The expression under the radical sign has no perfect square factors other than 1. For sums and differences, like radical terms are combined There are no fractions under the radical. There are no radicals in the denominator of a fraction.

Simplifying Rational Expressions

Product Rule for Square Roots

If
1.)

a and b are real numbers, then a b a b

Examples:

40

4 10 4 10 2 10

2.)
3.)

7 75 7 25 3 7 25 3 7 5 3 35 3

16x
17 3 17 3

16x x 4 x
16 15 2

x
5 3

4.)

16x 8 2x x 2 x

2x

Simplifying Rational Expressions

Quotient Rule for Square Roots

If

a and b are real numbers and b 0, then

a a b b

Examples:
5.)

16 16 4 81 81 9

6.)

2 25

2 2 5 25

7.)

45 49

45 49

95 3 5 7 7

Simplifying Rational Expressions

If
8.)

a and b are real numbers and b 0, then

a a b b

15 3
90 2

3 5 3 5 3 3

9.)

9 10 2

9 25 9 2 5 3 5 2 2

Simplifying Rational Expressions

Examples:
10.) 11.) 12.)

x
11

x x
10

18x4 9 2 x4 3 x 2 2
27 8 x

27 x
8

93 x
8

3 3 x4

13.)

7 y6 y y3 7 y 7 y7 5 25 25

Simplifying Rational Expressions

Examples:
14.)
3

88

8 11 2 11
3

15.)

10 27

10 3 27
3

10 3
3 6
23

16.)

27m n 3 m n n 3mn
3 7

17.)
3

81 8

81 3 8

27 3 2

33 3 2

Simplifying Rational Expressions

One Big Final Example
18.)
5

64 x12 y 4 z18
10 2 4 15 3

32 2 x x y z z
2x z
2 3 5

2x y z

4 3

PS TB pp. 557-559
Rationalize the denominator in each of the following expressions.
41.)

2 3

49.)

4 3 2

53.)

3 2x2

PS TB pp. 557-559
Write the following in simplified form.
65.)

75 x 3 y 2 2z

79.)

4 3

a12b24c14

PS TB pp. 557-559
Write the following in simplified form.
83.)
3

8ab6 ) 2

PS TB pp. 557-559
Write the following in simplified form.
91.)

4 x 2 12 x 9

Individual Practice/Homework Problem Set 9.3, TB pp. 557-559 Multiples of 4 (4, 8, , 104)