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Moles, Density, Specific Gravity, Fraction, Pseudo-Molecular Weight of Air, Concentration and Flow Rate
g g mol
lb =x lb mol
kg =x k mol
(kg mol, kilomole, kmol)
->
mass = 453.6 x 12 g
453.6x12 g
1 lb = 12 lb 453.6 g
->
mass = 1000 x 12 g
1000x12 g
1 kg = 12 kg 1000 g
Suggestion
Convert mass to the SI system first, then make the calculation.
2.2 Density
= density = mass/volume = m/V
m r molar density = = ( MW )(V ) MW
2.2 Density
Packed bed of solid particles containing void spaces
total mass of solids r B = bulk density = total empty bed volume
2.2 Density
Packed bed of solid particles containing void spaces
total mass of solids r B = bulk density = total empty bed volume
(P2, DMH) An empty 10 gal tank weighs 4.5 lb. What is the total weight of the tank plus the water when it is filled with 5 gal of water?
Ans. 46.2 lb
Note
Density of liquids and solids does not change significantly at ordinary conditions with pressure, but does change with temperature.
Density of water at 4 oC is very close to 1.0000 g/cm3 -> numerical values of sp. gr. and density are equal.
oAPI
or API Gravity
American Petroleum Industry
Weight fraction of A
Mole fraction of A
Notes
Mass fraction (or percent) = Weight fraction (or percent)
2.6 Concentration
Mass per unit volume -> mostly for gases
g of solute/L, lb of solute/ft3,
Molarity g mol/L Molality mole solute/kg solvent Normality equivalents/L ppm (parts per million), ppb (parts per billion)
Solids and liquids : mass (weight) fraction mg/kg Gases : mole fraction (Remember!)
ppmv (parts per million by volume) ppbv (parts per billion by volume)
Ans. (a) HNO3 = 3.90 x 10-5, H2O=1.00 (b) H2O = 13,640 ppm
m m= t
V F= t
n n= t
Problems Chapter 2
2.10, 2.13, 2.16, 2.19, 2.22, 2.34, 2.37, 2.40, 2.43, 2.46, 2.52