nr

r n

2552


nr

r n

2552

A STUDY OF THE EXPECTATION OF BUDDHISTS THAT AFFECTS THE ROLES

AND PERFORMANCE OF MONKS IN NAKHON PATHOM PROVINCE

By
Phraplad Suwan Kovitho

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

MASTER OF EDUCATION
Department of Education Foundations
Graduate School
SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY
2009

 or

n r

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2. r .
3. r .
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............/......................../..............
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............/......................../..............

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50260316 :
: / / r
r : n
r . r r : .. nr, ..
.. . 206 o.
r 1.) n

r
2.) n

r
o (Descriptive Research)
n o
n
n

n
400 on (Multi-stage Random Sampling) o

2009 2009 o (Rating Scale) o

n (%)
n ( X )
n (S.D.)o
ro on (f) o
(t test) (One way ANOVA) (Multiple
Comparison) o (LSD)
n

1. n r
o
n ( X = 4.03,
n ( X = 4.11, S.D.= .661), o
r n ( X = 4.14, S.D. = .678),
S.D. = .653), o
n

o
n ( X = 4.17, S.D. = .622), o
r n
n ( X = 3.99, S.D. = .635), o
( X = 4.00, S.D. = .667)
n n
2. on on /

n
n .05,
o
n o
n

n
n .05,

n o
r
n
n
on
n

n
.05, on o
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n /
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n o
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n
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n

.05, n /on o
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r n

2552
.......
r r 1. .......2. ......3. ......

50260316 : MAJOR : DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION

KEY WORDS : THE EXPECTATION OF BUDDHISTS / THAT AFFECTS THE ROLES AND PERFORMANCE/
MONKS IN NAKHON PATHOM PROVINCE
PHRAPLAD SUWAN KOVITHO : A STUDY OF THE EXPECTATION OF BUDDHISTS
THAT AFFECTS THE ROLES AND PERFORMANCE OF MONKS IN NAKHON PATHOM PROVINCE.
THESIS ADVISORS:THIRASAK UNAROMLERT, Ph.D., ASSOC. PROF.KANIT KHIAWICHIA, Ph.D. AND
LUYONG VERANAVIN. Ph.D. 206 pp.
The objectives of this research are as follow: 1) A Study of the Expectation of Buddhists that
affects the roles and performance of monks in Nakhon Pathom Province 2) To compare the Expectation of
Buddhists that affects the roles and performance of monks in Nakhon Pathom Province. The samples were 400
Buddhists in Nakhon Pathom Province, derired by a Multi-stage Random Sampling technique. The data was
collected during November 2009 to December 2009 Instruments used in this were questionnaires constructed by the
Rating Scale. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One way ANOVA, and
the Multiple Comparison Analysis, and the LSD
The findings were as follows:
1. The Expectation of Buddhists that affects the roles and performance of monks for the role of
ruling were in average to high level ( X = 4.11, S.D. = .661), For The role of Dhamma education were in average
to high level ( X = 4.03, S.D. = .653), For The role of welfare education were in average to high level ( X = 4.14,
S.D. = .678), For The role of Dhamma lecturing were in average to high level ( X = 4.17, S.D. = .622), For The
role of public aid were in average to high level ( X = 3.99, S.D. = .635), For The role of public welfare were
in average to high level ( X = 4.00, S.D. = .667)
2. To compare The Expectation of income / The Meditation Educations Roles were different for the
role of ruling significantly different at .05, The Expectation of Buddhists Dhamma Educations Roles were
different for the role of Dhamma education significantly different at .05, The Expectation of income for the
role of welfare Education were different significantly different at .05, The Expectation of income for the role of
Dhamma lecturing were different significantly different at .05, The Expectation of Buddhists for public aid were
different age, Education, career, income, Meditation, for the role of public aid were different significantly different
at .05, The Expectation of Buddhists for the role of public welfare were different age, income, For The role of
public welfare were different significantly different at .05

Department of Education Foundations

Graduate School, Silpakorn University
Academic Year 2009
Students signature ..................
Thesis Advisors signature 1. ......2. ......3. ......

oo o
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1
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
15
15
17
19
20
24
24
26
28
28
30
35

o
37
37
41
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55
59
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63
63
72
77
82
88
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93
94
96
96
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n
1. ro
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2. r

n r
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3. r

no
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4. r

no
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5. r
r
no
n ................................................................

6. r
n
no
n ................................................................

7. r

no
n................................................................
8. r
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9. r (Content Analysis)

n
r .............................................................
5. o..........................................................................
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o................................................................................................................
o o..........................................................
n ............................................................
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111

116

121

127

136

142
150
150
156
161
161
162

.............................................................................................................................

163

..................................................................................................................................

174

o
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(IOC)................................. 177
o ............................................................. 186
r
r

ro
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o ............................................................................. 204

o ..............................................................................................................................

206

o
n o ......................................................................................... 90
1. n
n
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2.
n
3. o
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n ( X )
n (S.D.)
4.
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no
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n (S.D.)
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no
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n (S.D.)
6.
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no
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n
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n ( X )
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8.
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no
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9.
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10.
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n (t-test)................................................... 110
oo
n ( X )
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n r
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12. n

r
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n n
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13.

r no LSD..................................... 115


o
n ( X )
n (S.D.)
14.

n r
.................................................................................. 116
15. n

r
............................ 119
n n
n
16.

r no LSD ................................... 120
n ( X )
n (S.D.)
17.

n r
.................................................................................................. 121
18. n

r
............................................. 124
n n
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19.

r no LSD ................................... 126
n ( X )
n (S.D.)
20.
n r
o................................................................................................. 127
21. n

o................................................................................................. 130
n n
n
22.

r no LSD ................................... 131
n ( X )
n (S.D.)
23.

n r
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24. n

r
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n n
n
25.

r no LSD................................. 140


o
26. on
or............................................................................. 142
27. on
or ........................................................................ 143
28. on
orr................................................................. 144
29. on
onr .............................................................. 145
30. on
or..................................................................... 146
31. on
orr ............................................................ 147
32. o n
r ....................................................................... 148

o
n
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ooo

n

n
nno n
o ro on
n n
n
r o
( r 2533 : 1) r

n n o
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n o

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( 2527 : 249)
n rroon
r
r n r
n
r
r ( r

2551 : 1)
n
r o

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o r
o
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o o
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n r
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n o

n r

n ( 2527 : 196 o ro
n
197)
r n
1

2
n o
r
r
nn

n
n n

r o o
n
n
n

r
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n oo r
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n
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n o

o oo
o
orn (.r 2525 : 254)

rno
o o o
oo r o o o

n
n
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r
n


o r
n r
n

n (r 2532 : 217)

n
roo
r n
n
n o


n
n r

o
ron r oo
n

n
n

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rron o
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r r o
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r o o o o
n

n o
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3
n
o
no noo(
n
2547 : 27-28) oro

o ooo
on
n
ron
n

n n
o r

on n n
r o ( 2541 : )

r
n r o
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o o o
n n r
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n

on
n

ro

o
r
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ro o 4 o on o
n o ( r
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2484 33) o
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n
2505 (o 2) orn ro
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r r
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r o
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r (r ) or
2 o or o o
o
ro or
n

o
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n r
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n ooo o
roo
n
oo

4
n
o
o ( 2540 : 74)

o r

o n o
rn
n o or ..2505
r
o r ( 2) .. 2535 oo
n

o o o n o

n
o r (
2540 : 13)
n
r
o
n

r o n .
n ) o o
o o
(
n n o o
o
o
n
n n
o n
o o o o
n n ( r 2551 : 4)
on o

rr
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o o
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n o
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n 6
r o
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1. oo
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2. o n o o

o o o o n oo
3. ro r o
n

n
4. oo o o
o n o

5
n r ro
o

n

ro n oooooo

n rooo
5. ooo

n o
6. o o
( 2533 : 69)
n oo o
o o o o
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nor

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n

rn n

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n n

n

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o or r
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n oo

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r o o
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ro

6
n nrn o
on roo
o o r
n oro
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n n

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o r
n o on
( 2541 : 21) roo
n
n
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orn o
ro n

n

( 2540 : 3)
o
oro n oro o
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n o
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r o o r
ro o
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n r
n

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oo
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n n
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o o
n n o ( r 2543 : 151)
r

o o

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r
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n o r o

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oo
no
n
r 3 o
(Informationsociety) o
(Information technology)
n o

n n o

o
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oo
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o n oo
o ( 2549 : 8) ooo
o n
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roo
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o o o
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7
n
oorr oo
n
n

o o (Knowledge based society) ( r

r 2550 : 3) o
n o n
n
o n o
r
n
o rn o
n n r o

n
o
ro ( r
2551 : 7)
n o no o

(Integrate) r o
r r n
o r rn
n o
r
or o
n
oo

n

r

n
n
n o

n
n
r or
n n
o ( 2)
r ..2505 r
n
..2535 15 oo
6 o on o
o or on o
or
r

1. n
r
2. n
n
r

o r o o
n r

o
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1. o
n
o

7 o

843,599
2. o n n
n o
n
n
3 o
n o n
400 on
on (Yamane 1988, o r r 2543 : 284 - 285)

n
n o 95 oo 5

n
n on

n n
(Multi-stage Random Sampling)
3. o
3.1 o (Independent Variables) o
n o
3.1.1
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.1.4
3.1.1.5 o
3.1.1.6
3.2 (Dependent Variables) o
r 6 o

1. o

2. o
r
3. o

9

n
4. o

5. o
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6. o
r
1. o n
n on o 5 8

2. n
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6 o

3.
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3.1 o
n o o n n n o


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3.2 o
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3.4 o
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3.5 o
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10
n o o o o
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4. oo
on
r n o
1. o nr
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n n r 6
2. o
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3. o o
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 2
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r
o o oo
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1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5 on

1.6

1.7 n
n
1.8 oor
1.9
2.

2.1
2.2
2.3
3. r
3.1 r
3.2 rn
3.3 r
4. o
11

12
5. o r

5.1 o

5.2 o
r
5.3 o

n
5.4 o

5.5 o
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5.6 o
1.
1.1
n

n
n
o
n n
o n  o
n
n

 o
n on o o
n
nn

n oo
o
(Walton. 1965 : 218) n o
n n

n n n o

n
o

n
n
n oo
o

n o

n o
n
oo

n
n
r
o
n
n o n o

n
n
n o o

oo
n

n n

rn
r (Sill. 1968 : 230 - 261) on
n o o
n n
n
n o n
o

o
oo

13
n

n o n
n

r
o

r (Murray, o 2545 : 10 - 11) o

n o o
on

oo o

n o
n (Role expectation)
n

n
n
n
n
n

n
n

o
n
n o
r r (2524 : 128)
n n

n o
o
n
n

r
n
r (2529 : 16)
n o
n

n
rno
o
o o
n o
r (2540 : 6)
n
o rnrn

o
o
o o
n
(2544 : 40)

n o o
n n
n
n
r (Reeder.1971 : 157 o . 2543 : 15)
n no



oo o
rr (Turner.1986 : 412 o r.2540 :25) oo
o o
n o

n (network)
n

14
n
o
n 3
1. Expectation from the script
n
n o
n
(script o
(norms)

n

o
2. Expectation from the other player o

o
roo o
r
o o r

o r n o o

o o
3. Expectation from the audience o n
o o no o
o n o o
o
oo no (frame of reference group)
(2540 : 13 14) ooon
n o o
n
n


n
o o
n on

n
n o
o n
ron o
r (2541 : 203) ooon

n
r

o o r
n

rr

n
n
r

r (2542 : 6) ooon
n
n

n n

r no
o
n

n o n n

15
n
n

on



 n
  o oo o
o
1.2

n
n
n
n o o

n o
oo

o
r r r (o 2543 : 89)
n on n on ro o
o
n

o o
n
o

r (Hurlock. 1973 : 184-185 o . 2543 : 88)

n n o
oo

n
n
n on

n
o o o

o o
o

1.3 
nr
n  no
n
oo

n oo

n
r r r (Nadler and Lawler, o r r
n n r
2544 : 35) onon
o o o

16
n
o n o
n n

o
n on
(2545 : 12) o

n
n o
1. n
n o
n
n

n
2. n r

o
o

3. n
o o
n o

r
n
n
n
n

n

n o
n
n n
n
r o
o
n n
r
(Getzels, o 2542 : 66 - 68) oo
n

o
n
r

n

n n
n

n r
n
o
ro
n
n r
n

n
r
n r
o
o
(Getzels)o n
n r 2

n
1.
(Nomothetic Dimension) o
(Institution) r(Organization) o (Role)
n r n (Expectation)

r o n
2. n (Idiographic Dimension)o
(Individual) (Personality) o
n o o r
n
n

o
n oo o
(Need-Disposition)

n no
n
n
n
o on
n on
n r n

17
o
n
n

n
n o

n on o

o n rn o o
o oo oo o
o o o
n o
n

1.4
oo

n on n
n
n

oo
n
o
o

r (Hurlock. 1973 : 184 187 o . 2543 : 91)

n n o
oo
n n n oo
1. o (Early Training) o
n oo
o
o
2. (Parental Ambitions) n
n
n
n
o
o
o

o
n
n o n

(Goldenson. 1986 : 333 o . 2543 : 92)

n n r
n
o n o

o
n
n o
n

n oo
rn
o

18
1. (Expectation of Signoficant Outsiders)
n n
o
n
(Competition with Others)
n
2.
o

n n
n
3. (Cultural Traditions)

n
n
o
o o
r
n

on no
n
4. (Mass Media)
n
n

(Strahg.1957 : 24 o
n
n
. 2543 : 22) n

5. r (Past Experiences) or
on
o ooo
n
r o


o
n (Interests and Values)
6.
n 2
n
n
6.1

n o
6.2 o
n
o
n

n

n on

n o
n
on
n n o

or o

19
1.5 o n

n
o

o
n
o r
n
oo

r (Hurlock. 1973 : 191 194 o . 2543 : 23)

n

n
n o
1. (Cultural Ideals) o
n
n n
2. (Kind of Family) n
n n n oo
n
o n
n

3. (Ordinal Position)
n

n

oo
o

4. (Discipline) n o
n

5. n (Group Status) no

n n n o

o on o n o
n
n n

n
6. o (Use of Escape Mechanisms)

n ono
o
n
7. (Verbalization of Aspirations)
n
n no
o
8. o (Past failures and Successes)

20
n
o o

n
n

n

nr
n
n

9. (Sex) o o o n
n n
n

10. r (Intelligence) n n n
n n
o n
n n
n n

n
11. (Personality)

o o

n
o
n
o
o

n on o
n

o

no o
r r ono
1.6



n
n o
o n o o o

(Theory of Parental Power and Child
n o
Compliance) r (Rollins & Thomad. 1975 : 38 - 60) o
n
n
n
n

n
1.
o
n
n
o

2. o

n
oooo

21

o n
n o


n
o

n n (Expectation)
r (2547 : 12 13)o

n
o
o o

r (The Component of Customer Expectation) on
n
1. r (Desired Service) oo

n
o n o

on o
2. (Adequate Service) o
n
n

n
o
o

oo
o o
n
3. r (Predicted Service) o oo

o o r
n
o o o

r
n n

(2528 : 18) o
r 1) r 2) r
n n

r (Luthans : 1992)

(Lawin) (Tolman)

ro r
n
(Vroom) o ..1964 o
n


o

(2538 : 20-21) o (Expectancy Theory)

n r
V.I.E (V.I.E Theoy)

n
n

n

r

n
rn o

22
r Vroom
n

o
o
3 r
1. Expectancy n
n

o
n
n
2. Instrumentality
o
n
n n
3. Valence
n r r (2536 : 24 26) or

on (Valence : V) o o
n
n n oo

n o o
n

on o
n o o
o

o
n
ro o
o
n
n
n

o
on (V)

n
n
o
n
n

r (Instrumentality : I)

o
o
n
n n o
n

oo
o o o o
n
n

oo
nr
oo
n
n
oo
n
n
n
n
r
r
r
n
n
r n n -1 1 I = 1 o

n
n n noo
n

o
n o n n

n
n

r o
n
n oor

23
n

n I = 0 n r
r

n
o

(Expectancy : E) o
n
n


n n
n
( )
o o
n
n
n
n
o
o

n o
n n n
o
n
n
o
n
n
n
(E = O)

n
n 0 1
n
(Bandura. 1977 : 15) n o
n n r
n

n 2

n

n o (Bandura. 1977 : 81 - 82) o

r o
1. (Performance Accomplishment) r
n
n

o o
2. or o (Vicarious Experienced)
o o
n
n o

o o

3. o (Verbal Persuasion) o

n
o o

n

n o
o o

24
n
4. r (Emotional Arousal) o
o

o
n o
n

oon o

n on

n o
n oo
o
n
o o
1.7 n (Modern Theory)
n n
n
n o
n
oo
n
o
(2541 : 28) o Baldridge

n (Modeling Theory)

1.

n
n

n

o
o
n
oo oo
n
2.
(Opportunity Theory) o
o n n n
n
n

n n

n on n n

o o
o
1.8 o o n (Physiological Needs) r
n roo
n
oo

n
n o
n

n o

25
n n
r o (2541 : 160 - 161) oo
n

n
o
oo

ro
oo

n o
n n or
r (Maslow. 1980 : 35 - 47) o
o oor
n

n
o o

n
o

n n
n
1. ronn

oo
o n ooo

n
n
2. ooo

n
n
o o
3. or o oo

o
n o
n
4. or
oo
ooo o
n

5 or 1
5. o
(Need for self-actualization)
n
4. o
(Esteem needs)
3. o
(Affiliation or acceptance needs)
2. o
(Security or safety needs)
n
1. o
(Physiological needs)

26
1 or
: Maslow A.H. A Theory of Human Motivation (Cincinnat: South Western
Publishing, 1980),35-47.
n o
n
n
n o
o
o
n
n
o
o
r o r ron n
o o
n o 5 r o ro
n hierarchy of human needs n ( r,2532 : 227)
n on

n
n

o
oo

no



1.9 (Vrooms Expectancy Theory)
n o

n
o o oo

n 2545 : 81-82)
(Vroom 1990 : 146 o
n o
n o
n 3

n n o
1
o o
on o o
n n n o oo o

n
oo
o
n o
n n
n
o
n
2 o
n
n

o

27
n
n
on
o o
n o

3 rn
n
n
n
n

o
n o

o
n
n

n

o
n

n oo
o
o
2

2 (Vroom)
n . . ( : ro o
n
:
, 2545),81-82.

28
(Hoy & Miskel. 2001 : 146 o .
n n
2543 : 15) o (the need of expectancy theory)
n

o
o n o rn

o (the need of expectancy theory)

3 (expectancy) (instrumentality) n (value)

n on r
n

n


n
o o
n
o
2.
2.1 (Role Theory)
n r
o
n
n



(Role) nr
n r oo
o on
n (As You Like It) n
o r
n o
n

n

n n r

n
n r
n
r

n n n o
r

ro oo
oo
n o
o roo
n
n
o
o
ro
n r
n r
o
o
( r 2545 : 133-134)

29
n

n
r
n o

n ( r 2545 : 137)
2
n
(Self-related characteristics) on
1.
n
n (Self-conception)
n


n

2. (Role playing skills and capacities)

n
n
n o n

r n o
n

o
oo
(2526 : 34) oon

n
o n

n
n

n o o

n (Categories)
n

(Status) n (Position) oo n
n
n noo
r

n 5 (

2535 : 23 24)
1. p (Goods Role Theory)
n n o

p o
n
n
o
on
2. r (Ralph Lintons Role Theory)
n n
n
r o

n o
n n
o
n
n

r o o
oo n n nr

n
n o

o
3. (Nodels Role Theory )

30
n n
n
o
n n
3
n
3.1
n n o n r
n
n
3.2

o n o
ro o oo
n
3.3
n o o
4. r (Homanns Role Theory)
n n
n
r o
n
n
n o

5. r (Parsons Role Theory)
n n r
n
r o
ro
ro n o
r o n oo o
n n ro
n
n o o

n
n

n
n r o

n r r n
o o
oo
n
o o
n
n
n

o
n

o
r o
n
n r
o
o
2.2
n

n
o
ooo

31
r (2519 : 12) oon
oo o
n

n
n n

o
n o n

r (2524 : 27) oon

n
n

(2525 : 58) oon

o n

n o
n

n
o
r o r (2527 : 50) oon (Role)
n

n o
n n n
n on o

n oo
o n
o
o

(2529 : 7) oon
n o
o o

o ro
on
n

o
2 o

(Role Expectation and Role performant)

(2535 : 4) oon o
n n rn
r
n n
n n

o
o oo n
n n o

o
(2538 : 20) ooon
o n

32
o n o
oo o o
r rr (2539 : 22) ooon

n r o

o
o r

o
r r r (Sarbin and Jurnur 1955, o r
n o n
n
2539 : 19) oon

..2542 oon on

(Role) o
o
r (2542 : 7) oon
n

n
o o

o
n
r (2543 : 131) oon

oo r
n n

n
o o

n n o
n
r (2524 : 28) o

n

ooo
n

ooo

n n n
(2525 : 19) o

n o
n o
n
n o oo

o n
n oo
n
2
n
n
1. oo

o o

2. o o
on on o
n
o

33

n n
r
n

o

o o
n (2525 : 31) o
n n n
r
n
n

n

n

n

o nn

n n oo
(2527 : 174)o
n
n o o

n n
n


o o

o

n
o
o

o
o n

n n
r (2530 : 109) o

o

n
oo
o

r (Allport, 1964, p. 181 - 184) oo
n n
4
n

1. (Role Expectation)
o r no o
n n

n
2. o (Role perception) o

n
r

o o o
n n

o oo
n o
n

oo
3. (Role acceptance)

on
o

n
o

n ono
no
n
n

oo
o o

34
n ooo

o oo r

n n
n
o

4. o (Role performance) o

o oo n

n n o

o
n

r o
o

or

n
(2510 : 9 10)
2
n
1. (Ideal role) o

n
n o
on
n
2. (Actual role) o
o
n n o o n
n
n
r

oo
o
n n
n r ro

o o
r (2541 : 65 66) o 3

1. (Ideal role) on o

r o
n
n o

2. o o (perceived role) o

n rn
n
n

n
o

3. (actual) n
n
ro o o
n on

n n
o

35

n
n o
o

o rorn

oo

n n
oo

2.3
n n
o
n

n
oo

(2527 : 23 24) o o 5

n
1.
n ro
n n n n r

2. o
n o n
n

3. o n n o n
n
n
n n

n
4. o no

o o o
o n
n n
n

5. o o o o
o n n o o
n o n
o oo r
n
n

o o o
n
n
o n n

o
r (2543 ) (2545 : 37 38) o
n oo
3

36

1. o

n
n
r o

o
on
2. o n
n r
n

n

o
3. n
n
ro o r
o
n
n n
o n

o oo
n
(Kohen, o r 2538 : 12) o
o 2

1.
o

n
o ono
n o o

o
2. o
n
n
o 3

2.1 o
o

oo n r o
n n n ro r o n

2.2
n n

n
n
o n
o

n
n

n n
2.3
o
n
n

37
n
(Broom and Selznick, 1977, p. 34 -35) o
o 3
1. (The Socially Prescribed or Idial Role)

oo
n
2. (The Perceived Role)
n
n
n

n
n

n o
3. (The Performed Role)
n
oo

n
r (Palph Linton) o
2
n

n
n
1. Ascribed Role
( - ) o
n n o
2. Achieved Role oo
o ( . 2524 : 35)
n on

n o

oo
o
n

o
no
n o o

3. r
3.1 r
r o o
o o o
n
oro

r n o ro
n
r oo n rn
n n n
oo ono o

38
r o o n
o

(..4. 27-28) r

n
r
r ..
o ( 2) ..2535 o 6 o o
2505
o or o
n

o or
n
n
1. o o
n
n o
n
n
o
o r
r o

n
r rno
o
r
n o

r
n on
o
o o oo
o
oo
n 3 r

20 ro n o

ro
n
n o
20 rr
n
n or
o
n

oon o r

n
21 rn o


n

o
22 rn o o
n

o o o o

39
oo o o

o o no o
n r o o o no
23
r
n
n o

r
(... ..2505)

r o

o o on
n o
n
n rn n o

r
o 2

on o o

o oo o oo
n
n o o n o o (
o
2549 : 10)
2. o o
n n
rr

n
o ro
n o
n n o
o
n
o
o
n r

n

r
o

oo r
n o
o
( 2543 : 3) r oo
4
1. ( - )
2. ()
3. ()
4. r ()
o n

40
o o
o o o
n o
n

n or
n no
n
ro oo
n n
on o
3. or o
n
r o
o r r r
o o o
o o o o
n
n

rr rr
ro
n oo
n
n o rnn
on

rooo
n or

n
rn oo
n

n r

rn

n n o
n r

n
4. o
or

n n o
oo
oo n r o
n o
rn oo
n o o oo
o
n o o
n

n

n

n
n

o
rn
n

n
5. o o o
n
r

o nn on
n

n
on n n
n
o
n on

41
n o o oo
n o
r r oo
n
6. o

n
r o orn

n
r
r n
n o n oro
o
r n o r
n

o o o
o o o
oo
r o oo
n
o o
o n o o o
n
n
r oo
r
r (r 2545 : 48 n
n

50) ro o
o
n on r o

oo o
n

6 o
n o
roo
r
o
n o 4
n
n
ro

n n n r
roo o
n

n rn
o

3.2 r n
ro o
oo o o o o o
o o o
n onn
n

r
o oo 4
n

o ror

42
n

or rr

n nn
o ( 2540 : 3) o
n ro
n on ro
n

rn
n r o

n o
n

oo
o
o o o
o ooo o oo o
n

oo r o o
n
(2526, o o 2543 : 25)
r o
n oo
n
1. r o
2. o o
oo n
n no
n o
3. r o n
n
no o
r
n
4. r o no
o

ro
5. r o n o o n
n
n n
n o r
o

n n
n oo
o o oo
o o
o
n no ono
6. r o
n o
n
o

n or
n
oo
o
n
n
7. r o

n
o
o n
n on r o o
n
r (2529 : 6) o
n
n
o
o
o o r o o
n

o n
n o
r o

43
o rn
n

o on
n n
(.. 2527 : 34) oo
r r r r o
n
o o
n
n
n r o o

n
n
n
o
o
r
n oo on

n
on o
r

n
o o
o
n

o
oo
o
n r
n oo oo o

r oo
n o oo


o ro

n
on

n on oo
ro 4
o o
n

n o

o o

ro o o
n rno
(2540 : 71) o
n
1. roro
o
2 r oon
n
n o
3. r

n orn
r (2513 : 16)o
o
n o o
1. o
n
n r

2. roo n
n o n

44
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

n

o n

n
n
or
o
n o

n o o rn

n
r

9. o
ooon
n
o
o on o
10. r

o

11. o o
n

n rn r
(2527 : 277) o
n
n o o
n o
n

n
n
n

o ro
n
n n

n
n

n n r
3
n rn r
o (2527 : 79) o
o 2
n
1. o o
on
2. r o oo
oo no
o n
n rn r
o (2541 : 59) o
n
o r o r
o
n
o
n
r
o r

45

n
o o
on
r
n
r (2529 : 1-3) o
n
n
n
n

o
n
o o
n
o o
n
n
oo
n

n r

n r
n
n

n n o
n n
n

1. n r o
n

n
n

n rn
r
n
n
n
n o
2.

o o r
n
n
r
r o
n
3. o o
n
o r

o oro
n
4.
o n
n o n
n
o
n
n rn
o
n

5. r o o
o

n
n
n oo
n
6.
r

n
r o
n

46
n
n
n o
n

n
n oo
n n o
7. o
n

oo o
ro
n
n o


o no
n
n n oo

8.
n

n o
o n n
n n r
n o
9.

n
n
o
oo

r
r

n
10.

n

on on r
o
r
n
n oo

o o n o n
n
n
r


3.3 r
o
r

r
o

r n o

o
o r
n
o r
n
ro

n o oro
n o
o o
n
r r o o ooo

n n r
r (2526 : 38 - 40) oo
no 3 r
n

47
n
1. o
ro on
1.1 on oon

1.2

n
n r r

n

r
n
n

n n

n
1.3

n
1.4 r

2. r o r ror
o
o
n

2.1 o

n

n
n
2.2

n
n
2.3 o n o
n o
n o n o o
o
n
2.4 r oro

n
n
2.5 o o

n
o oo
2.6 o o o o
n ro
o
n
2.7 o
o o
n
o orn o o
n
n
3.
r

o r n
n
n o
3.1
o
n
o o

48
n
n
3.2 r
oo
oo

ro
n
n


3.3
r (o 2542 : 33 34) o
r r
n
n
38 9
ro o
n
ro oro
n o
n

o oo 5

1. o r
n
o

n
n

o o

n
oo
o
n r
n r
n o
n n
o

2. o
n
n


n oo

n o

n n
n r
n r
n
n
n
n
o
3. o rn
n
n r
n
o
n
n
n

o o

n
n n n
o n

n o nn

4. ro
n
oon

n r

n o o o
n
o o

49
n n or

n
n o

n

5. o r r

r r n o

n on n
n o
r
n r

n o
n
o o

n
n
n
o ro o

or ro
(2542 : 21) o r 6
1.
n
2.
3.
4.
5. o
6. r
n rn
r (2525 : 45 - 46) o
n
r
ro
o oo o oo
n o ro r o

rro

n
1. o
n o
n
2. o
n r
n
n

n o n o
3. o o
oo
n
n
4.
oor o
o o r o nooo
n o oo n o

or
nn o n ro

50
n
o
o
n
5. r
n o
n
n n on
o
n

n r
(2540 : 156) o
n
r
o
o n o
o o n
n
n
n

o o
n o
o
n o ro o

o
n o
r
n n r
r (Blanchard 2959 : 403 404) o
n
oo
n o o

n
n o

n
o

o (2545 : 27) o ron

n
n
r
ooo o
n n

r

n
1. o o oo
n
nn
o
o
n
n

r
2. o o
n o
oon

51
n o o
3. o o r
n
n
o
o

oo

n
n
4. o o

n o
n o

5. o o
n ro
o

6. o r o ro
n r o

7. o r roo n
n
n

n n r
n n

n n
8. o rn
oo oo rn
9. o n o r o
n
n
o o
o
n o
n
10. o n ro o

r r n
n
o
n

o o
o
1. o
2. or
3. oo
n
4. o
5. o

52
n o
6.
n r
r (2539 : 97 - 98) oo
r
n r o

o on
or
n r
n
n

ro
o r o
n oo

o
(
n

2539 : 216) nor

o
o
n
r o o 5
r
oo 6
n
1. oo
2. o n
3. ro
n
4. oo
n
5. oooo
6. ro
n

r orr
o
o
ro r ooo
o ro
n
n oo
n ooro o
o
n rn o oo
n n r
r r (2517 : 81) o
n
n
o oo
n
n o

n n oono

(2521 : 17) o

n
n n r

o rr

r
o
oon r
oo o r
n
oo
o

53
n n
(2523 : 60) o
n
n n
n
r oo
on
n
n

o
n o
o o
n
n
n o
n o r

n n r
(2551: 134-137) o
n
n
n
ro

n
o
ro
n
n
o n
r oo
o
oo n o
n
1. r
o

o
o
o
n o
n on

no
2. r o
n
n

n

o o

on
o
3. r rn o
n o o
n o
o
n
n o
n n on
n

4. ro o o
n
n
n
o
o
o rn
n
n no o
5. ro

n ono o o
n

r o n o

54
n
6. ro o
oo
n o
n
n
n o

7. r oo r o
n
n o

o n
n o

n
n o o
8. r o o
n
n roro

o
n n

o n

n
9. r
ooor
o o
n n o
r ( 2548 : 66) o
n
n

r oo


o r o o
r oo
r
n
n
o or
o
ro
orr rn o ro or

o rn o n

r n oo r
n
n
r ooo
r o
n
o

ooror
n

r ro
o o or
n

o
r
n on
n (2527 : 73) o
n n ro
r
n
n
oo

n
n

55
1. ro n

2.
oo o
3.

4. o
5.

n
6. r
n on or

n
r n
n

ro
o
n n o
n
n r n
o
n
n
n
r
r
n
oro o
n

n oo
n
n oo
n

ro o
n
o
4. o
o r o o

n o

o


n o

o


n
n

n
n (2540 : 65) o

o n oo
n n n n o o o
n

n
o

q
n o
ooo

(2541 : 116 117) o o
o 1,370 n

56

n
o r

o
o o oo
o on

n o o
o o

(2543 : 102) o n
o n o
n
o oo
n
o
(2548 : n)o o
n
n

n o
n
n o
n
n o o

n
o on

n
(2542 : 27 28) o n
o n o
o o o r
n
oo o

n
n

o o
n o
o oo n
n nn
o n

n
n

o o
o o o
o
n
o
oo
o oo
(2540 : 89 -90) o o
n

r n o
n
n
o on o
o o o

57

o
n
o
r o oo
r (2544 : n) o o
n
n o n
n
n
n
n
n
n

.05
(2545 : n) o o
n o
n
n o
n o
n o

n (2545 : n) o o n
n
o
n n .3741
n n
o n 3.23
n .2847 n
n 4.69 n
n
o (2547 : n) o o n
o

n
n o

o o o
n o
n o

o
n

(2545 : n) o
n
n
n n no o
n

o
n
n
n
n
n
on
n no o
n
n

n .05
n
r

n o
n

58
n
n o
n n

n n no o
n
n
n o
o
n
n
n

o
n n no n o
n
n

r (2546 : n)o on
n

oo r

n n
on
n
n
n n
n r
o
n
n
n
n
n n

n o o o
n n
n

n
n
n

o
n
no o n
n
.05
n r
n
n n
n
o
n
n
n .05

o o
(2550 : n) o

n nn n

n
n

n
n
n
o
n n n
o o
n oo
n
n n

.05
(2548 : n) o o

n
no

n
1 n o no

n o on

n
n o
n

(2545 : n) o o
ro n o
n
1) o

59
n
n .05 2) o o

n
n
n .05

r (2541 : n) o o
n :

n o
on o
n o
n
o o o
n
n (p< .05)
o
n n o
n
n n n
o
n

on
n rnoo o
n

o
r
o n

o o
oo
5. o r
5.1 o
n
o o

n o n
n

o
r

n o
n

o o o o
o o o o n
n
n n
n
r
r

ro
o

60
(2543 : n) o r
n n
o
r ..2505
n
n ..2505 o o
n
n

r rn

o n r o o
n

o n o o
o


n o
or
n

(2540 : 88- 99) o

n n r

n r (.15
o
n ... r ( 2 ..2535) rn

n n
n
o
oo
n o
n n
o o
n

n 3
r
n r
n n
r
r n
n

or n
n r

n
n
o

n
n

2 1 1 ro
o

n 9 r 1-2 ..3,4,5,6,7,8
r
9 o o ..3 on
 1-2 o ..3-8 o

61
..9 o o
..9 o o n
r n o o 9 ( ..9)
n
n o
o ..3
n
r
r
o o o n 2
n 1 r n 1
3
n

(2543 : n) o
r 4 n

1) o


n 2) o

n
n
n 3) o

n
n
n o

n
n n
r
.05 4) on
o o

n

(2536 : 45-46) o
n
n ()

:
n o 10
on
n
r
1. o r
n
2. o
r
3. r
oo

n
4.

r

62
n
5.

n o
n
n
oo
6. o
o
n

n

7.
n o
o

n o
n
8.
or
n

9.
o
10. n
n

(2549 : 59 - 61) o n
n
r n r
n

rno n
o r 6 o o o
o o on o o
nn o

o
o n
n

o

r ( s )
n
o
r o
n
n
n o oo o o

n
n n
n
o
n n o o o
oo
n
ro o
o

n
ro

n
n
n ro

n o o
r
o o o
o o
r (2526 : 221-222) o r
n

n r

n or o

63
n
o
2 on 1)

2) on r

(2528 : 4) o

n
n o
o

r o
rnon n

o
o

(2535 : n) o

o n o
o on r
o
n n

o o o
r r n , , , o
n r

o
n
r
ro o 2 o

or
o o
n
or
500 r o
o
r o
on on r
n on ro

n r

n ron ro
o
(2537 : n) o r
: n
n
n
n r
o

n
o nn

64
n r
o
o (..2535)
r
n o o

n
n o
n
n o
o
r
n

o
o n
o
oo o
n
n o r

5.2 o
5.3 o r
r
n 3 o n

n

1- 9 r n
n
o
ro o o
oo o

r
o o
ro
n
(2526 : 59) o

r ro

r o o
o 2
1. o r o
rr ..2505
r
r
1.1 r
1.1.1 on 3

65

1.1.2 on 9 1- 9

1.2
oo

1.2.1 r n o
on

n
1.2.2
non
oon o n

1.3 on
n

2. r
2.1
n
2.1.1 r

o
n n
2.1.2 ro
n

no n
n o
2.2
n o
n

r o
o

2.3 - r
rrr r o
n
o
n
2.4 n

66
n n
n o
2.5

o o
(2534 : 78) o

r .. 2489 -2530 rr

n
n 2489 2530 o
r

o
oo o
n
1. r
r
o on
o o r
n oon o ro
o
n n

n
oo
o
nn
o n oo oro
o o
n n o o o

r o o
o n
r 2 n
.. 2489 .. 2490
n

n

n r .. 2512
o

2.
r on
o
n .. 2514 o
oo
n
3.
n
on o n
n
n on o n n
r

4. n r on

n

n
n

n

67
n
o
n o
r
n
n

o
n
o o
n
n
n r n

o
n
n

ro
n o o
n n
on
n
n n o


n
n
no
r (2537 : 79) o
r 11
rr o
n n o o
r n no
o 6 o o
o o
r o o
n n o
n
o
n o
n o o
oo
n o
n n o o
n
n o o
o
n o
o
n n

n n
n
o ... .. 2525

r (2535 : 79) o r
oon n
oon
o ro r
r o
r n oo n

68
n

o
n
n n o o
r
n o
n
o
o o r
n n o
1. o on o
n
n
o
ro
n
n
n
2.

n
n
ooo oo
o
n
n o
n
n n
3.
o o
n
4. o r
o

n ro
n
o
oo

n
o o
(2530 : n) o
r 9 n
1. o r 9
n
n o o
o

o o n o n n on
n

n
4 n
n
2. o o
o 6

r
o
n

n
n
3.
o

on
r
(2529 : n) o o

n 1) o

n
n

r ro r on

n
n r 2) o

69

r on 3) o
on on
n
n

r (2526 : n) o r

n

n r ro
ro or
n
o
o
n o
ro
n rr

r (2540 : n) o r
n r
3 o 1) o rn n
n
n rr

n
r
n
n
o
o
n n o 2) o
o
n r
rn o
n
o 3) o rn o
n
n

o o oo
n
no o
oo

r (2548 : n) o
n
n
1) 4 n

r
n 2)
n
n
n

.01
n
n

n .05 ro

70
n
n
n

n
.01
n n
n
n
n

n
r (2551: n) o

oo n 1) o
n
n (Educator)
n o n o n

n
n


n
n o o
n
o
o
n

(Actor)
r
o
n

o
n
n
n

(Extension Worker) o
n

n (Demonstrator)

o

r (Linker) oo
(2549 : 63-70 ) o n
n o
n
r n
n oo o

o
o
o o
o on o
n
n
n
o o
o n o
o ro
n o
n n
n o n n n
o

n o
n

(2537 : n) o r
: n
n
n r

or o o o
n
n
o
o n

71
o onooo

n
o nn

or o n
r o oo oro
r oo
n
n


n
n
n 3 1) o
o
o
(Supportor) 2) on (Reminder) 3) o o
n
n
(Educational Thought)

(2547 : n) o
n
oo
n
noo n

o
or

n
n o
n

ro oo
n
n or

n
r (2551 : 74) o
n

n o (Education)
n
o r o
n oo
o
n o o
n
o

o oo n o
oo oo
n o
n
(Functional

n o
Literacy) r
n o

n o
n
o
(Free Education) o
o r o o
o r o

72
o o n
(Education Promoter)

(2550 : n) o o
r oo n 1) r
r
n
n .05
o
n
n
r
n n
n
2)
4 o
n
n o
r

n .001
oo 58.5
n
o
r or
r ..2505 r
r
on 3

on 9 1-9

n
n
oo
o
n 3 o 1) o
n
n
rr
r

2) o r
n oo
o 3) o
n
oo o n
n o
n
o

5.4 o n
n
n

ono
o
n o
oo oo n
r o r

73

o o
n
ro
(2518 : 73) o
n
o o o n

n oor
o

n
n
ooo o

n
on o o
o
r r (2526 : 74) o r
n n o
n
n

oro o
n
n


or o
n
oooroo

o
n (2541: n) o r
: rr 16 n
n oo
r
n
n .05

(2543 : n) o n
n ) n
n
(

on o

n

nn
n nn on o
n

n

n o
n n o

o n n o n o
o
r (2544 : n) o on
oo n oo
n
n on
ro
n
n .05 n o

74

n
n
n

.05

(2540 : n ) o
r r r r
n

r

r n or
n
o
n r r
r
n

o ro o
o

r o
n
r o
n
n

o
ro
(2549 : 33-47,59) o n
r n r

n
r
o r
o o 6
r n r
r on
n rn
n n o
n
o

n
n no
n
o

oo o o

oo ooooo n
n
n o

n
n
n r
o n
n
ooo
s (2543 : n) o
n ( r s ,
n rr
o) on o

75
rr n
ooo o o
n
n n r r
n
r n o n no
o o roro o
n
n o
o o
n
n

n n o
n
ooo
o
o
n ooo o

n o

r (2543 : n) o
n
n ( ) on
n 6
n
n
1. r
2.
3.
r
4. rrn
n
5.

6. o or

n
r (2551 : 114-115) o

n
n o n

n

n
nn

(Extension Worker) r

n
o n
r

n
n
r r
n n
r

n n nn
n
or

n o
n
n
on
o
n

76
(2549 : n) o n
n
r n
rn
o 6 o
r n r o r
o n r n
3 1) o o 2) o 3) o
r nr 14
n
n n r
o
n
r (n ) o
(n ) r o

oo
n o

n n
n o
n n
n
n o n r

n
n n
ro

n n
n
o
o
o o

o o
o
o
n
n

r oo
n
n
o
n
n

o

on oo

n
n o

n
n

o
n

n o

n oo
n
nr
n
n
o
n o o
r

n

r oo
n o n o
oo
o n o

77
n n

n
n n
n

n on
o
n
ro on

n
o o
n
r
o
5.5 o

n
n
o
o o
o
n


ro orn on
n

r
o

ro
r (2521 : n) o
n
n o
n
n
o n
o oo

n o
n o

n o
n
n
o
no
o
n
n

oo
o
n
no oo

n
n
r
o o

oo
n o
n
o
o on
n
oo
n o o

r r (2522 : n) o r

r
516 n
r n
n
o r
n o n o r
r r r

78
n
oro o nr
n o
n
o
n n o
o or
n
n

r o or
r
n o
n
r o
rn oo n r o
r (2526 : n) o rn
n n
o: o n o
n
r n r

n
o o
n rn o
n o o n o
n

o
r o
(2528 : n) o o
n

n o
r o o o
n
oo o
oo o oo o
o o
o n o
o o
n
n
n
oon


o o o
n

oo
n
n o
n
o oo
oo
o orr orr
oo o on r
n
n
n
o

rr oo nro

79
r (2529 : 127) orr

r 38 9
on r 4
1. o r r o

n
n n
n
o
o o
n
n
o
n
n
2. o r o
n
n
oo o
o r

n n
3. o
n
o on
n
no
n
n
n
n
oo r
n
4. o
n r

n o
(2540 : n) o rn
n
no
r 9
4 r n n r
n
n
n
o
o
n
n
n
n

r o
o
n r
oo o
n
o o
oo
or
n r (2537 : n) o

n n
r o
n 141 72 62 no
r
n
n r o
n o o
o
n
o
nnr o

80
n

o
n

o o
r o
n
or o
r nnr
r (2539 : n) o r
r n r
r o o
n
n
o

(2549 : 90-92) o n
n
r n
n n o o

n
n n o n 14
o
n

oo rn o
n
n n ono

n r o
n oo
ro
n n
o
o r o o o

72 o ro

n
n

o

oo
oo n
n o n
n
oon on o
n o
r o
n
r (2551 : 67) o
n

n o
(Basic Need) 4 o
n
o on oo roo
n n
o
oon
n

n

n o
o o oo
n

o
n
o
ono

81
o oro
o

o o
n n

o

n
o
o o

o o o o

o
oo

n rn o o

r (2526 : n) o r
n
(
.. 2500 2520) oon
n
n .. 2500 2520 r

n o

n r
n
n o ro

n
n
n
n
n

o n oo

o o r o

roo

oo

n o o
n
o

n no
r
n
oo
n r
r o

(2548 : n) o
rrn on
n
r n
1)
n r
o

rn 2)
n
r rn r
n

n
n
n .05

r
n

82
n
n 3)
n
r
o
r
n ro

n .001
o 95.2
n
o
n
n
r o r o
o o ro
n
n
n
or
o
n
r
n ro
n o o
o r o
n o
n r n
o
n

o o
n
n
o
o

o o oo o
o o
o n
n

o o oon
n
n
n
n o



rn rn
5.6 o r
o

r
o
r r o o o o
o r o
rro
ro o
n
r (2524 : n) o r
r n

r o o
n n r

n n

83
n
o
on n o
n
n
o
o

n
n o

roo
rn r
n
o
o (2532 : n) o

oo
r
nro
n
r
o n
or
on ro
n n no
n

n
n o
o
n

n n
n
n r
o o
n
n

r

n

r (2542 : n) o
n r

n
rr
n
o r oo o

n o

o o r r o o
r o
n

1. o
oo
o

n
n o
2. n
n
o n
r
n
3. r or

n nn
oo
n
4. o
n
oo o or

n r

84
n r

n r r

o
o o n oor
n
n o
n
or
o r

(2543 : n) o
n
n

:
n
n
n
r
n
n n
n

o
o
n o

n
r

n
n n 12 n
12
n
n
no oo
n
r
n
n o o o

o
n
o r
n

n
n

o o
n
n
n
o

n
n 12 n
n
no oo

n
o o
n o
n o o
o
(2549 : 90-92) o n
r n or
n
o on r o
o
400 on r
(n ) o o 4 3
3 1 or 8 r
n
o o o n 49 n o
o o o

85
n o
o n
n
o
o
n
o 2 r ..2527
on o on n ono
n
5 o r o
72 o
n n
72

n
n on
r

o n

o
n
r (2551: n) o

n r n
n
n
n
1)
o
n (Role Model) o

n r


n
n
n

oon

r (Holistic) o
ono

o
o
o o
r (2539 : n) o r
(...)
n o n on
o o o rno o
n
o
roo o o
n

rn
or 2 1) r

ro
(inspiration)

2) oo (motivation)
o
n

o
o
n n
n

(...) 3 1)
n 2)
n

rn 3) or n o
o oo
o

86
n
r on

on n o
n

n rr

n r
n
n n o

r
n

n
n

no

o
n
r (2551 : 93)o

n r
o n o
o . (
n )
n
o
n o
o o
o o n
o
n

o
oo r r

(2516 : n) o or
n
n

n
n
n n
n
n
o
n
n n
o
n
n n n n
o

o
o o
n
n o

o n

o

n n
n o
o
n
o
n n

n
n
n

o
or
o
(2523 : 155) o
n
n
rrn :
n

n r r

87
n n oo

n
n o o
oo

n
o
n r o
n

no o o o
n
r r r r
oo oo o o
n ro
n
n
o
n n
n
1.
n
r
n

n
2. o
n n o
o
n o n n r
3. o o

oo
n
n
4.
n
n r
n
or o ono
n
n n n o o
o

n
n
n
5. r
o

n

n
o
n n rn
n
or

n
r
r
ro
rn r
n
n
n
r o
o
o
rr nro
n r
n o
n
n
roo
n o
r

o
r
6 o o o

r oo

88

n r

(Conceptual Framework)

o
(Independent Variables)
n

-
-
-
-
- o
-

(Dependent Variables)
r 6 o

- o

- o
r
- o

n
- o

- o
r
- o

(Descriptive Research)

n
n
r oo

n
1. n

2. o
3. o o

4. o

5. ro o
1. n n
1.1
n
o

7 o
843,599
( 31 2551)
n
1.2 n
n o
n
n

7 o

400

n n
n o

n
o
n

n (Yamane 1988, o r r 2543 : 284 - 285)

o 95 ooo 5

89

90
n =
n =
N=
E =
n

1 + Ne2
n
n
n
n

n
o (.05)

o
n = 843,599

1 + (843,599 (0.05) 2)
= 400
n 400 o 19
n o
on
n n o 19
o
n
ooo o on
n n
n
n r no

(Multi-stage Random Sampling) n 3

1
n o
1 n

1.
2.
3.

4
7
8
19

n
n
56
102
242
400

: , ,
n 31 2551

[r], o 20 2552,oo http://www.dopa.go.th/xstat/p5173_06.html

91
o n
1. n n 7 o

n n (Simple Random Sampling)o
o 3.5 on
3
2. n n 8 15
16 oo 50 o 19 on oo
o r
n
o n n
n
n n
o (Multi-stage Random Sampling)
on (Yamane 1988, o r r 2543 : 284 - 285)
o 95 ooo 5
n
3. n
o 2

92
n
n
2

1. oo

2. o
3.
4.
5. r
6.
7. n

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. o
16. n
17. n
18.
19.
3
19

()
3,598
4,256
3,711
5,129
4,847
3,781
4,154
2,507
4,607
5,973
4,815
4,811
4,014
4,723
7,744
23,585
8,350
7,492
11,590
119,687

n
on

n
n
()
12
14
12
17
16
13
14
8
15
20
16
16
14
16
26
79
28
25
39
400

93
o
1. o (Independent Variables) o
n o
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5 o
1.1.6
2. (Dependent Variables) o
r 6 o

1. o

2. o
r
3. o

n
4. o

5. o
r
6. o
2.
oo on o o
on
n o o
o o
n
n
o
3
n 1 (Check List)
n

o on o

(Forced Choice) 6 o
n 2 n

r r 6 o
n
n (Rating Scale) 5

94

2
o

1
o
n 3 o

n

n
n 6 o
(Open Ended)
3. o o
o o
ro o o o
n

1. o oo
o r
o
o r
2. or o ro
o or
3. o
n
o o 3
o
o
o
n o (Index of Item Objective Congruence : IOC)

o ro

o
o + 1
n
o

o - 1
n n

o 0
n
oo
(IOC) IOC = 6R
N
n o
IOC
6R o
N o

95
n
n 0.5 o
n
n IOC
n o o r
o
n .67 1 o
n
on o n
oo
o
4. o
o
o

r r
o
5. o

n n n
n
o (Try-out)

30
n
6.
(Reliability)
n

n (Rating Scale) n
n ( D - Coefficient)
(Cronbachs alpha coefficient) o
( nr 2548 : 69 - 70)
D

2
K 6s i
1  2
K 1
st

n
=

=
o
n
S 2i
=
o
=
o
S 2p
n

n =.9213

o
n

n =.9333

o
n
r
n =.8654

o
n

n

o
n =.8405
n

n =.9090

o
n
r
n =.9314

o

n
7. ro
D
K

96
4. o

o
o o
1. o o

n o o
n o o

o
2. o on

oo
o
3. o no

n o
n o

o
n

n
n

4.
o
o o
r oor
5. o r
n
o

n 2009
6. o

5. r o
o ooo
ro oro
r o
n on o
1. ro
n (percentage)
n (mean)
o(frequency) o
n (S.D.)

n
2. o
n

n ( X )
(S.D.)
r
r

oo or

n 1.00 1.49 o

n 1.50 2.49 o

n 2.50 3.49

n 3.50 4.49

97
n 4.50 5.00

3. r o (t test)
o o (One way ANOVA)
n (Multiple Comparison) o LSD

4. ro
o
n n

n 6 o
(Open Ended) r (Content Analysis)

98

4
r o
n

r
o o o o
..2552 400
rr o o 9
n

n
1 ro
2 r n

3 r n

n
o
4 r n
n
o
5 r n
r
n
o
6 r n

n
n
o

7 r n

n
o
8 r n
r
n
o

9 r (Content Analysis)

n r

98

99
1 r on

n o o ro
ro
(Frequency) no (Percentage) r
3
n
3 o

133
267
400

33.25
66.75
100.00

122
138
140
400

30.50
34.50
35.00
100.00

263
26
98
13
400

65.75
6.50
24.50
3.25
100.00

123
33
12

30.75
8.25
3.00

1.

2.
n 20
20 - 40
41
3.
/
. .

n

4.

o/
/
o

100
3 (n)
n

32
15
50
70
65
400

o
8.00
3.75
12.50
17.50
16.25
100.00

165
123
26
29
57
400

41.25
30.75
6.50
7.25
14.25
100.00

275
84
14
27
400

68.75
21.00
3.50
6.75
100.00

non

r
o
5.o/
n 5,000
5,001-10,000
10,001-20,000
20,001-30,000
30,000
6.
n 1
1-5
6-10
10

n
3 o n o
n
n 267
n
o 66.75 133 o 33.25 o
n
n n
n
n
n

41 140 o 35.00
n
20 40 138 o 34.50
n 20
n
n
122 o 30.50 o
/ 263 o 65.75

101
98 o 24.50 ././ 26 o
n 13 o 3.25
6.50 o
n
n , 123 o 30.75
o
r 70 o 17.50 o 65 o 16.25
n
n n 5,000
n 165 o
oo
n 123 o 30.75 o
41.25 5,001 10,000
n 57 o 14.25 o
30,000
n
n n 1 275 o 68.75

1 5 84 o 21.00 10 27
o 6.75 o 6 10 14 o 3.50
2 r
n

r
r n

n ( X )
n (S.D.)
r
o

102
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
4

no

o
1. r
o
2. on
n

r
n
3.

( )
n
4.
n o

n n o
5.

6. o
8 15

7.o
n
r o

8.
or

9. o
n

10. o -

11. n r n oo
or
12. -
()

( X ) (S.D.)
4.09

.852

4.16

.863

4.09

.920

4.22

.898

4.06

.894

3.98

.904

12

4.28
4.05

.873
.897

1
10

4.25
4.01

.882
.907

2
11

4.12

.931

4.07
4.11

.836
.661

8
-

4 on n
r n
o

103

( X = 4.11, S.D. = .661) on o

n r o 1 ( X = 4.28, S.D. = .873)

o
n 2
n
( X = 4.25, S.D. = .882)
n o
3 ( X = 4.22, S.D. = .898) o

o
8 15 ( X = 3.98, S.D. = .904)
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
5

no
o
n / o
1.

n n
2.
//
n 1-9
3.
n //
n . 1-6 n
4.
//
5. n
/
6. n
/
n /n
7.
15
n /
8.
n /
9.
-
n /
10.

( X ) (S.D.)
3.96

.856

4.24

.829

4.01

.858

4.03

.845

4.12

.885

4.12

.850

3.94
3.94

.906
.865

10
10

4.16
3.94

.894
.878

2
10

104
5 (n)
o
n / o n
11.

n /
12.

n
n /
13.
r - r

( X ) (S.D.)
3.96

.856

3.93

.892

13

4.01
4.03

.867
.653

7
-

5 on n
r n
o
n
( X = 4.03, S.D. = .653) on
n // 1 ( X = 4.24, S.D. = .829)
n / 2

( X = 4.16, S.D. = .894) n

/ 3 ( X = 4.12, S.D. = .885)
n /
o
o ( X = 3.93, S.D. = .882)

105
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
6
r
no
or
n -
n /
1.

n
n /
2.

n
n
3.

n
4. o
o
5. o n
o
n
6. o o

n
n /
7.
r- r

( X ) (S.D.)
4.12

.843

4.24
4.25

.748
.866

2
1

4.16

.880

3.99
4.11
4.12
4.14

.884
.867
.889
.678

7
6
4
-

6 on n
rr n
o
n

( X = 4.14, S.D. = .678) on

n
n /

1 ( X = 4.25, S.D. = .866)
n

2 ( X = 4.24, S.D. = .748)
n
o
o
3 ( X = 4.16, S.D. = .880) o
o n o ( X = 3.99, S.D. = .884)

106
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
7

n
no
n
o
n
n /
1.

n
2. r

n
n
3.
o

n
n /
n
4.

n /
5.

6.

7.
8.
n
n o
n
9.
n r,
n , r r,
10.
n
n

( X ) (S.D.)
4.14 .794
5
4.12

.776

4.13

.820

4.01

.860

4.24

.782

4.06
4.41
4.40
4.21

.814
.787
.778
.842

8
1
2
4

3.99
4.17

.893
.622

10
-

7 on n

n
o
r n
( X = 4.17, S.D. = .622) on
1 ( X = 4.41, S.D. = .787)
n /
2 ( X = 4.40, S.D. = .778)
n
3 ( X = 4.24, S.D. = .782) o
n
n , r r ,
n
r ,

( X = 3.99, S.D. = .893)

107
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
8

no
o
n n
n /o
1.
r r
n / r
n
2.
n r r
n o o
n /o
3.

n o
n /o
4.

n o
n /o
5.
(n n 5 -7 )
n o
n /o
6.
n
n / o
7.
o
n
n /o
8.
n
n / o

9.

n /or
10.
n /
11.
o
n o /o
n /o
12.
n

( X ) (S.D.)
4.07

.832

4.07

.832

4.00

.824

3.90

.872

10

3.83
3.90

.873
.914

12
10

4.09
3.96

.816
.832

2
8

4.01
3.98

.883
.865

5
7

3.94

.885

4.24
3.99

.795
.635

1
-

8 on n
o r n
n o /o
n /o
( X = 3.99, S.D. = .635) on

108
n 1 ( X = 4.24, S.D. = .795)

n o
n / o

n
n /o
2 ( X = 4.09, S.D. = .816)
n r r 3

n o
n /o
( X = 4.07, S.D. = .832) o
(n n 5 -7 ) ( X = 3.83, S.D. = .873)
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
9
r
no
or
n /o o
1.
n /o/o
2.

n /o
n
n o
3.
r
n /o /o
4.

o
n o
n
n / o
5.
n
o
n / r
6.
-
n /
n
7.

8.
n
n r
9.
n
(rr
)
10. r

( X ) (S.D.)
3.99 .933
7
3.92

.917

11

3.94

.843

4.00

.896

4.07

.897

4.04

.832

4.12
4.02

.857
.936

1
4

3.99
402

1.025
.918

8
4

109
9 (n)
or
n

11.
r

( X ) (S.D.)
3.93 .921
10
4.00 .667
4.08 .547

n ( X = 4.08, S.D. = .547)

9 on n
rr n
o
n /
( X = 4.00, S.D. = .667) on
n 1 ( X = 4.12, S.D. = .857)

n o
n
n /o

n
n /
o 2 ( X = 4.07, S.D. = .897)
r- 3 ( X = 4.04, S.D. = .832)
n / o/o
o
( X = 3.92, S.D. = .917)
3 r
n

o n

r n
n
n (t-test)
o
One way ANOVA 10

110
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
10

n
n (t-test)
r o

X
4.16
4.09
4.03
4.03
4.15
4.13
4.16
4.18
4.00
4.00
3.98
4.01
4.08
4.07

S.D.
.584
.696
.622
.669
.628
.703
.616
.625
.575
.664
.583
.706
.491
.573

t
1.103
.093
.178
.345
.074
.448
.135

n
n
10
n
no
n o
n

n
n

n
n


n
n o n
n
o
n
n

.05
n
n


n o r n
n
n
or
n
n

111
.05
n
n


n
n o
n
n
n
o
n
n
n

.05
n
n


n
n o n
n
o
n
n

.05
n
n

r n
no
n o
n
r
n
n

.05
n
n n

n
r
n

n
n .05
n r

4 r
n

o n

r n

r
or
(One way ANOVA) 11

112
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
11

n r

n 20
20 40
41
o n 20
20 40
41
o
n 20
r
20 40
41
o
n 20
n

20 40
41
o
n 20

20 40
41
o
n 20
r
20 40
41

n 20
r
20 40
41

n
122
138
140
122
138
140
122
138
140
122
138
140
122
138
140
122
138
140
122
138
140

X
4.05
4.10
4.18
4.09
3.97
4.03
4.26
4.11
4.07
4.27
4.13
4.13
4.19
3.92
3.91
4.18
3.92
3.92
4.18
4.03
4.04

S.D.
.632
.672
.674
.596
.639
.712
.563
.708
.729
.542
.644
.658
.560
.613
.684
.640
.656
.674
.506
.542
.577

n
n n
n
11 on o

n 20 20 40 41 n ( X = 4.05, X = 4.10 X
= 4.18 )

113
n n
n
o n
n 20 20 40
41 n ( X = 4.09, X = 3.97 X = 4.03 )
n
or nn n
n 20 20 40
41 n ( X = 4.26, X = 4.11 X = 4.07 )
n
n
o
nn n
n 20 2040
41 n ( X = 4.27, X = 4.13 X = 4.13 )
n n
n
o n
n 20 20 40
41 60 n ( X = 4.19, X = 3.92 X = 3.91 )
n n
n n20 2040
or n
41 n ( X = 4.18, X = 3.92 X = 3.92 )

n n n n 20 2040
r
n
41 n ( X = 4.18, X = 4.03 X = 4.04 )
12 n

o
r

n n

n n

n n

df

SS

MS

2
397
399
2
397
399
2
397
399

1.086
173.349
174.435
.968
169.372
170.340
2.595
181.098
183.693

.543
.437

1.244

.484
.427

1.134

1.297
.456

2.844

114
12 (n)

n n
o

n n
o

n n
o

r n

n n

r
n

* .05

df

SS

MS

2
397
399
2
396
399
2
397
399
2
397
399

1.719
152.476
154.195
6.361
154.417
160.778
5.813
171.332
177.413
1.733
117.532
119.265

.860
.384

2.238

3.180
.389

8.177*

2.907
.432

6.724*

.867
.296

2.927

n
n

12 n
n
n .05
o
n
o
n
n
n .05

n
n
o
n
n .05
r
n
o n
n
n
n .05

n
o
n
n .05
n
n
n

no LSD

115

n
o
n
n
n .05
r
n
n n o LSD

n

n
n .05
r n
n
n

13 n

r no LSD

o

or

n 20
( X = 4.19)
20 40
( X = 3.92)
41
( X = 3.91)
n 20
( X = 4.18)
20 40
( X = 3.92)
41
( X = 3.92)

n 20 20 40 41
( X = 4.19) ( X = 3.92) ( X = 3.91)
.2647*

.2821*

.0174

.2570*

.2663*

.0093

* .05
n
n
13 n
n n
o n
n

n
20 o
20 40 ( X = 4.19 X = 3.92 ) n 20
n

n 41
o

116
n n
n
n .05
( X = 4.19 X = 3.91 )
n
n
o

n n 20
r n
n
or
n 20 40

( X = 4.18 X = 3.92 ) n 20
n
or
n 41 ( X = 4.18

n n
n
n .05
X = 3.92 )
5 r
n

o r n

r n

r
or
(One way ANOVA) 14
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
14

n r

/
././

n

/
././

n

n
263
26
98
13
263
26
98
13

X
4.10
3.95
4.16
4.36
4.04
3.78
4.07
4.06

S.D.
.664
.636
.673
.525
.644
.639
.688
.557

117
14 ( n)

o
r

o
n

o
r

/
././

n

/
././

n

/
././

n

/
././

n

/
././

n

n
263
26
98
13
263
26
98
13
263
26
98
13
263
26
98
13
263
26
98
13

X
4.18
3.97
4.06
4.35
4.20
3.94
4.14
4.24
4.06
3.80
3.86
4.01
4.04
3.87
3.91
4.05
4.10
3.88
4.03
4.18

S.D.
.657
.738
.755
.487
.601
.707
.659
.514
.588
.587
.737
.633
.665
.620
.688
.582
.535
.544
.586
.408

n
n n
14 o no
n n
/ ././
( X = 4.10, X = 3.95, X = 4.16 X = 4.36 )

118
n n / ./
o n
n n ( X = 4.04, X = 3.78, X = 4.07
./ ,
X = 4.06 )
or nnn /
n n ( X = 4.18, X = 3.97,
././ ,
X = 4.06 X = 4.35 )
n
n n /,
o
n
n n ( X = 4.20, X = 3.94,
././ ,
X = 4.14 X = 4.24 )
n n /,
o n
n n ( X = 4.06, X = 3.80,
././ ,
X = 3.86 X = 4.01 )
n n /,
or n
n n ( X = 4.04, X = 3.87,
././ ,
X = 3.91 X = 4.05 )

n n /,
r
n
n n ( X = 4.10, X = 3.88,
././ ,
X = 4.03 X = 4.18 )

119
15 n

n n

n n
o

n n
or
n

n n
o

n n
o
n

n n
o

r
n

n n

r
n

* .05

df
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399

SS
MS
1.742 .581
172.694 .436
174.435
1.773 .591
168.567 .426
170.340
2.429 .810
181.264 .458
183.693
1.750 .583
152.445 .385
154.195
3.963 1.321
156.815 .396
160.778
1.703 .568
175.710 .444
177.413
1.472 .491
117.793 .297
119.265

F
1.331

1.388

1.769

1.516

3.336*

1.279

1.650

n n
14 n

n
n .05
o

120
n
n

o
n
n .05

n
n
o

n
n .05
r
n
n
o

n
n
n .05

n
n
o

n
n .05
n

n n o LSD

n
n
o

n
n .05
r
n
n

n
n .05
r

n n
n
16

no LSD

/
( X = 4.07)
././

( X = 3.80)

( X = 3.86 )
n

( X = 4.01)

* .05

( X = 4.07)

././

( X = 3.80)

n

( X = 3.86) ( X = 4.01)

.2630*

.2018*

-.0612

.0547

-.2083

-.1472

121
n
n
16
n
o n
n

.05 /
n o ././ ( X = 4.07 X = 3.80
o
n

) /
n o ( X = 4.07 X = 3.86 )
o
n n
n
n .05

6 r
n

o n n

r n

or
r
(One way ANOVA) 17
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
17

n r

,
o
o/
/
o

non

r
o
o
,

o/
/
o

n
123
33
12
32
15
50
70
65
123
33
12

X
4.07
4.28
4.29
4.05
4.11
4.13
4.17
4.04
4.10
4.06
3.84

S.D.
.640
.730
.429
.633
.552
.709
.649
.715
.597
.676
.581

122
17 (n)

o

o
r

o
n

non

r
o
,
o/
/
o

non

r
o
,
o/
/
o

non

r
o
,
o/
/
o

n
32
15
50
70
65
123
33
12
32
15
50
70
65
123
33
12
32
15
50
70
65
123
33
12
32

X
3.91
4.00
3.87
4.10
4.01
4.25
4.21
3.94
4.03
4.20
4.16
4.04
4.06
4.28
4.20
3.98
3.96
4.19
4.07
4.16
4.19
4.19
3.77
3.70
3.91

S.D.
.557
.620
.734
.688
.697
.567
.763
.631
.625
.550
.815
.749
.682
.546
.662
.546
.694
.512
.623
.667
.667
.557
.757
.696
.546

123
17 (n)

o

o
r

non

r
o
,
o/
/
o

non

r
o
,
o/
/
o

non

r
o

n
15
50
70
65
123
33
12
32
15
50
70
65
123
33
12
32
15
50
70
65

X
4.02
3.87
3.91
4.04
4.18
3.95
3.81
3.85
4.02
3.91
3.92
3.95
4.18
4.08
3.92
3.95
4.09
4.00
4.05
4.05

S.D.
.510
.581
.698
.655
.638
.675
.787
.714
.619
.679
.659
.646
.507
.589
.471
.525
.456
.614
.570
.552

n
n n
17 on o
o/,o/, r n ( X = 4.29, X = 4.28
X = 4.17 )
n n ,, r
on
o/ n ( X = 4.10, X = 4.10 X = 4.06 )

124
n n ,
o r n
o/ non n ( X = 4.25, X = 4.21 X = 4.20
)
n
n n ,
o
n
o/, non o n ( X = 4.28, X = 4.20, X = 4.19
X = 4.19 )
n n ,,o
o n
non n ( X = 4.19, X = 4.04 X = 4.02 )
n n ,
o r n
non , o/ o n ( X = 4.18, X = 4.02, X = 3.95
X = 3.95 )

n n , n
r
n
on o/ n ( X = 4.18, X = 4.09 X =4.08 )
18 n

o
r

n n

n n

n n

df
7
392
399
7
392
399
7
392
399

SS
2.170
172.265
174.435
3.322
167.018
170.340
4.065
179.628
183.693

MS
.310
.439

F
0.705

.475
.426

1.114

.581
.458

1.267

125
18 (n)

o
n

n n

n n
o

n n
o

r
n

n n

r
n

* .05

df
7
392
399
7
392
399
7
392
399
7
392
399

SS
3.714
150.482
154.195
8.722
152.055
160.778
6.013
171.400
177.413
2.413
116.852
119.265

MS
.531
.384

F
1.382

1.246
.388

3.212*

.859
.437

1.965

.345
.298

1.156

n
18 n o
n

n
n .05
o
n
n
o

n
n .05

n
n
o

n
n .05
r
n
n
on

n
n .05

n
n
o

n .05
n
n

n no LSD

126
n
n
o

n
n .05
r
n
n

n
n .05
r
n n
n

19

r no LSD

( X =4.19)
o/

( X = 3.77)
o
/

( X =3.70)

( X =3.91)
n
on
( X =4.02)

( X =3.87)
r
( X =3.91)
o
( X = 4.04)

( X =4.19)

o/

( X =3.77)

o
/

( X =3.70)

( X =3.91)

n
on
( X =4.02)

( X =3.87)

r
( X =3.91)

o
( X =4.04)

.4111*

.4849*

.0739

.2723*

-.1388

-.2127

.1696

-.2414

-.3153

-.1026

.3163*

-.0947

-.1686

.0441

.1467

.2720*

-.1390

-.2129

-.0002

.1024

-.0443

.1440

-.2671*

-.3409

-.1282

-.0256

-.1723

-.1280

* .05
n
n
n
19
n .05
o n

127
n
o
,
n o/ ( X = 4.19 X = 3.77)
n
on o
,
/ ( X = 4.19 X = 3.70 ) ,

n
on ( X = 4.19

X = 3.91 ) ,
on ( X = 4.19 X = 3.87 )
n
o n
,
r ( X = 4.19 X = 3.91 ) o
n

on o/ ( X = 4.04 X = 3.77
n n
n
n .05
)
7 r
n

o
n

r n

o or
r
(One way ANOVA) 20
n ( X )
n (S.D.)
20
n o


o

n
o
n 5,000
5,001 10,000
10,001 20,000
20,001 30,000
30,000

n
165
123
26
29
57

X
4.02
4.24
3.97
4.26
4.09

S.D.
.652
.554
.952
.493
.771

128
20 (n)

o

or

n
o

or

on
n 5,000
5,001 10,000
10,001 20,000
20,001 30,000
30,000
n 5,000
5,001 10,000
10,001 20,000
20,001 30,000
30,000
n 5,000
5,001 10,000
10,001 20,000
20,001 30,000
30,000
n 5,000
5,001 10,000
10,001 20,000
20,001 30,000
30,000
n 5,000
5,001 10,000
10,001 20,000
20,001 30,000
30,000

n
165
123
26
29
57
165
123
26
29
57
165
123
26
29
57
165
123
26
29
57
165
123
26
29
57

X
4.03
4.10
3.67
4.12
3.96
4.17
4.25
3.84
4.05
4.01
4.22
4.21
3.80
4.22
4.10
4.14
3.97
3.70
3.97
3.79
4.13
3.97
3.61
3.93
3.91

S.D.
.645
.589
.766
.513
.768
.614
.625
.843
.655
.836
.556
.592
.826
.509
.732
.556
.581
.616
.832
.753
.630
.665
.608
.782
.662

129
20 (n)

n
o
n 5,000
5,001 10,000
10,001 20,000
20,001 30,000
30,000

n
165
123
26
29
57

X
4.12
4.13
3.77
4.09
3.98

S.D.
.516
.499
.659
.485
.654

n o 20,001 30,000
n
20 on n
n 30,000
n n ( X = 4.26, X = 4.24
5,001 10,000
X = 4.09 )
n o 20,001 30,000
n
o n
n n 5,000
n n ( X = 4.12, X = 4.10
5,001 10,000
X = 4.03 )
n o 5,001 10,000
n ,
or n
n 20,001 30,000
n n ( X = 4.25, X = 4.17
n 5,000
X = 4.05 )
n
n o n 5,000
n ,
o
n
n 5,00110,000
n n ( X = 4.22, X =
20,001 30,000
4.22 X = 4.21 )
n o n 5,000
n , 5,001
o n
n n ( X = 4.14, X = 3.97
10,000 n 20,001 30,000
X = 3.97 )
n o n 5,000
n ,
or n
n 20,001 30,000
n n ( X = 4.13, X =
5,001 10,000
3.97 X = 3.93 )

n o 5,001 10,000
n
r
n
n 20,001 30,000
n n ( X = 4.13, X = 4.12
n 5,000
X = 4.09 )

130
21 n
r o


o

n n

n n
o
n

n n
o

r
n

n n
o

o
n n

n n
o

r
n

n n

r
n

* .05

df
4
395
399
4
395
399
4
395
399
4
395
399
4
395
399
4
395
399
4
395
399

SS
4.584
169.851
174.435
4.557
165.783
170.340
5.200
178.494
183.693
4.489
149.707
154.195
8.194
152.584
160.777
7.457
169.956
177.413
3.675
115.590
119.265

MS
1.146
.430

F
2.665*

1.139
.420

2.715

1.300
.452

2.877*

1.122
.379

2.961*

2.048
.386

5.303*

1.864
.430

4.333*

.919
.293

3.139*

n
21 n on

n
n .05
o
n
n no LSD

131
n
o
on
n .05
n
on n o
n
n .05
n
r
n no LSD

n
on
on
n
n .05
n

n n o LSD

n
o
o n
n
n .05

n
n no LSD

n
o
on
n
n .05
r
n
n n o LSD

on

n
n .05
n
r
n no LSD

n n
n

22

r no LSD

o
n 5,000
( X = 4.02)
5,001 10,000
( X = 4.24)

5,001
10,001 20,001 30,000
n
5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000
( X =4.02) ( X =4.24) ( X =3.97) ( X =4.26) ( X =4.09)
-.2198*

132
22 (n)

o
n

o
10,001 20,000
( X = 3.97)
20,001 30,000
( X = 4.26)
30,000
( X = 4.09)
n 5,000
( X = 4.17)
5,001 10,000
( X = 4.25)
10,001 20,000
( X = 3.84)
20,001 30,000
( X = 4.05)
30,000
( X = 4.01)
n 5,000
( X = 4.22)
5,001 10,000
( X = 4.21)
10,001 20,000
( X = 3.80)
20,00130,000
( X = 4.22)

5,001
10,001 20,001 30,000
n
10,000 20,000 30,000
5,000
( X =4.24) ( X =3.97) ( X = 4.26) ( X = 4.09)

( X =4.02)
.0484

.2682

-.2388

-.0189

-.2871

-.0650

.1548

-.1134

.1738

-.0812

.3290*

.4102*

.1155

.1967

-.2135

.1622

.2434*

-.1669

.0467

.0081

.4182*

.4101

-.0060

-.0140

-.4241

133
22 (n)

30,000
( X = 4.10)
n 5,000
o
( X = 4.14)
5,001 10,000
( X = 3.97)
10,001 20,000
( X = 3.69)
20,001 30,000
( X = 3.97)
30,000
( X = 3.79)
n 5,000
o
( X = 4.13)

5,001 10,000
r
( X = 3.97)
10,001 20,000
( X = 3.61)
20,001 30,000
( X = 3.93)
30,000
( X = 3.91)

n
5,000
( X =4.02)

.1164

5,001
10,001
20,001
30,000
10,000 20,000 30,000
( X = 4.24) ( X = 3.97) ( X = 4.26) ( X =4.09)

.1084

-.3018

.1224

.1660

.4422*

.2762

.1696

.0037

-.2725

.3485*

.1825

-.0937

.1789

.1603

.5181*

.3578

.2021

.0418

-.3160

.2225

.0622

-.2956

.0204

134
22 (n)

n 5,000

( X = 4.12)

r 5,001 10,000
( X = 4.13)
10,001 20,000
( X = 3.77)
20,00130,000
( X = 4.09)
30,000
( X = 3.97)

n
5,000
( X =4.02)

5,001
10,001
20,001
30,000
10,000 20,000 30,000
( X =4.24) ( X = 3.97) ( X = 4.26) ( X =4.09)

-.0070

.3523*

.3593*

.0250

.0320

-.3272*

.1427

.1497

-.2096

.1177

* .05
n o
n n
22
o
n o
o
n
o
n o o 5,001
n 5,000 o
n n
n
n
10,000 ( X = 4.02 X = 4.24 )
.05
n
n
n

o
n .05
or n
n
o
o n 5,000 n
n o o 10,001 20,000 ( X = 4.17 X = 3.84 )
r
n
o
o 5,001 10,000 n
n o o 10,001 20,000 ( X = 4.25 X = 3.84 )
r
n
o
o 5,001 10,000 n
n n
n o o 30,000 ( X = 4.25 X = 4.01 )
r
n
n .05

135
n
n
n

o
n
n o n
o
n
n o
n

n
5,000
n
n ( X = 4.22 X = 3.80 )
o 10,001 20,000
n n
n
n .05

n
n
n

o
n o n
o n
n o
n
n
5,000
n ( X = 4.14 X = 3.69 )
o 10,001 20,000
n
n

o n 5,000
o
n o 30,000 ( X = 4.14 X = 3.79

n n
n
n .05
)
n
n
n

o
n o n
or n
n
n
o r n
5,000
n ( X = 4.13 X = 3.61 )
o 10,001 20,000
n n
n
n .05

n
n
n
o

n o n
r
n

n
n
n
5,000
r
n ( X = 4.12 X = 3.77 )
o 10,001 20,000
n
n
o 5,000 10,000

n
r
n o 10,001 20,000
( X = 4.13 X = 3.77 ) o 20,001 30,000 n
n

r
n o
n n
n
n
n ( X = 4.09 X = 3.77 )
10,001 - 20,000
.05

136
8 r
n

o r n

r n

r
or
(One way ANOVA) 23
n (S.D.)
n ( X )
23

n r

or

n
o

n 1
1 5
6 10
10
n 1
1 5
6 10
10
n 1
1 5
6 10
10
n 1
1 5
6 10
10

n
275
84
14
27
275
84
14
27
275
84
14
27
275
84
14
27

X
4.11
4.25
3.78
3.84
4.03
4.15
3.71
3.81
4.12
4.27
3.94
4.05
4.16
4.26
3.82
4.21

S.D.
.643
.446
.973
1.02
.640
.480
.844
.998
.678
.523
.884
.932
.617
.481
.903
.823

137
23 (n)

o

n 1
1 5
6 10
10
or n 1
1 5
6 10
10

r
n 1
1 5
6 10
10

n
275
84
14
27
275
84
14
27
275
84
14
27

X
4.00
4.10
3.49
3.89
3.99
4.09
3.75
3.88
4.07
4.19
3.75
3.95

S.D.
.627
.477
.964
.811
.639
.504
1.057
1.037
.524
.386
.875
.849

n n 1 , 1 5 ,
23 on n
6 10 10 n ( X = 4.11, X = 4.25, X = 3.78, X = 3.84
)
n n 1 , 1 5 , 6 10
o n
10 n ( X = 4.03, X = 4.15, X = 3.71 X = 3.81 )
n n 1 , 15 , 6
or n
10 10 n ( X = 4.12, X = 4.27, X = 3.94 X = 4.05 )
n
n n 1 , 1 5 ,
o
n
6 10 10 n ( X = 4.16, X =4.26, X = 3.82 X = 4.21
)
o nn n 1 , 1 5 ,
10 n ( X = 4.00, X = 4.10 X = 3.89 )
6 10 n ( X = 3.49)

138
n n 1 , 1 5 ,
or n
6 10 10 n ( X = 3.99, X = 4.09, X = 3.75 X = 3.88
)

n n 1 , 1 5 ,
r
n
6 10 10 n ( X = 4.07, X = 4.19, X = 3.75 X = 3.95
)
24 n

r



o

o
r
o
n

o
r

n n

n n

n n

n n

n n

n n

df
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399
3
396
399

SS
5.097
169.338
174.435
3.871
166.470
170.340
2.209
181.485
183.693
2.446
151.749
154.195
4.753
156.025
160.778
1.973
175.440
177.413

MS
1.699
.429

F
3.973*

1.290
.420

3.069*

.736
.458

1.606

.815
.383

2.128

1.584
.394

4.021*

.658
.443

1.485

139
24 (n)


r

n n

* .05

df
3
396
399

SS
2.945
116.320
119.265

MS
.982
.294

F
3.342*

n n
24 n

n
n .05
o
n
n no LSD

n
n
o

n .05
n

n
n n o LSD

n
o
n
n .05
r n
n
n
o

n
n .05

n
n
n
o

n
n .05

n
n no LSD

n
n
o

n .05
r n
n
n


n
n .05

n
n no LSD

140
n n
n
25

r no LSD

n 1
1 5
6 10
( X = 4.11) ( X = 4.25) ( X = 3.78)
n 1
( X = 4.11)
1 5
-.1371
( X = 4.25)
6 10
.3291
.4663
( X = 3.78)
10
.2773
.4094*
-.0569
( X = 3.84)
n 1
( X = 4.11)
1 5
-.1175
( X = 4.25)
6 10
.3156
.4332*
( X = 3.78)
10
.2208
.3383*
-.0948
( X = 3.84)
n 1
( X = 4.00)
1 5
( X = 4.10)
6 10
( X = 3.49)
10
( X = 3.89)

10
( X = 3.84)

-.0905

.5177*

.6081*

.1107

.2012

-.4070

141
25 (n)
n 1
1 5
6 10
( X = 4.11) ( X = 4.25) ( X = 3.78)
n 1
( X = 4.07)
1 5
-.1148
( X = 4.19)
6 10
.3212*
.4360*
( X = 3.75)
10
.1221
.2369*
-.1991
( X = 3.95)
* .05

10
( X = 3.84)

n
25 n
n

n .05
o
n

n
1 5 o
n n
n
n
10 ( X = 4.25 X = 3.84 )
.05
n
n
o

n .05
n
n

1 5 o
n 6 10 ( X = 4.25 X = 3.78 )

n
n
1 5 o
n n n
10 ( X = 4.25 X = 3.84 )
n .05

n
n
o

n n
n
n

n
1 o
6 10 ( X = 4.00 X = 3.49 ) 1 5

142
n

n
o
n n
n
n
6 10 ( X = 4.10 X = 3.49 )
.05
n
n

n n
r
n
n
r
n
1

6 -10 ( X = 4.07 X = 3.75 ) 1- 5
n

n 610

( X = 4.19 X = 3.75 ) 1 5
n

n 10

n n
n
n .05
( X = 4.09 X = 3.95 )
9 r (Content Analysis)

nr
26 on o
r

oo
n
1.
o

o o

n
n
2.
o oo
n 4
3.
o

10

83.34

1
1
12

8.33
8.33
100

26 n
n

o
o
o

143
n
1. o

o on 10

n 2. o o
o 83.34 n
n 1 o 8.33 3. o
o
n 4 1 o 8.33 n
n

27 on o
r

oo
n
1.
o o


n
2.
r
n n o
3.
oo

11

o
84.62

1
1
13

7.69
7.69
100

27 n
n

o
o
o
n
1. o

n

o
o
11
n 2. rn
o 84.62 n
1 o 7.69 3. oo
n n o 1 o 7.69 n
n

144
28 on or
r

oor
n

1.
o
o
n
n

o o

/
r/ro
n
2.
r
n n
ro

75.00

1
4

25.00
100

28 n
n
r
o
o
o
n

1. o
o
n
n /

o o
r/ro

n 2.
n 3 o 75.00 n
n n
r ro
n
1 o 25.00 n

145
29 on o
nr
n

oo
1.
oo
n
n o
o
n
oooo
n

2.

n n
n

66.67

33.33

100

29 n

n
on o

o
n
1. ooo
n
n ooooo 2

n 2. n
o 66.67 n
n n

n
n 1 o 33.33 n

146
30 on o
r

oo
n no
n
1.

o
n
oo o

n
n

2.
oo o
n o //
o

3.
oo n
o

75.00

12.50

12.50

100

30 n
n

o
o
o
n no
n
1.
n
o
n oo o
n 2. oo
6 o 75.00 n
n
n
o
n o //
o
n
1 o 12.50 n
n 1
3. oo o
n
o 12.50 n

147
31 on o
rr

oor
1.
o n
o n n
oo r
n
o

2.
o

oro
n
3.
o
o
r o

o
50.00

25.00

25.00

100

31 n
n
r
o
o
o
1. o n
o n n o o r
n
o
2 o
n 2.
50.00 n

o oro
1 o
n 3. o
n
25.00 n
o
r o 1 o 25.00
n
n

148
32 o n
r

o
1.
or n
n n

n o
n
o

2.
or
n
n
n on
o
n
n o
o

n
n on o
3.

n o r n
o o o
n o
n
4.

n n
ro

5.
o
o oo n
n
,
, o
n
o
?

40.00

30.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

20

100

32 n
n

o
r

o
1. or n
n
n o
n o
n

8 o 40.00 n

149
n 2. or

n
n
n
n oo
n
n
o

n
o 6 o 30.00 n
n
n
3.

o n o n o
n o o 3 o 15.00
r o
n 4.
n o
n
n

n
ro
n 5.
n 2 o 10.00 n

o oo
o
n
n
n ,
, o o
?
n
1 o 5.00 n

r
r 1)

n r
2)

n r
n n
n o n

3 o
400 o o
n (percentage)
n
ro on (frequency) o
n (S.D)
n (t - test)
(mean)
n
(One way ANOVA) r
(Multiple Comparison) o LSD

o
1. r on

n n
n n n
n
n
n
ro
n 20 40 (o 34.50)
(o 66.75) n
/ (o 65.75) / (o 30.75) o n
n (o 41.25) n 1 (o 68.75)
5,000
2. r
n

r
2.1
n o

nn ( X = 4.11, S.D. = .661) on o

150

151
n r o 1 ( X = 4.28,

S.D. = .873) o
n
n
2 ( X = 4.25, S.D. = .882)
n o
3 ( X = 4.22, S.D. = .898)

o o
8 15
( X = 3.98, S.D. = .904)
2.2
n o

nn ( X = 4.03, S.D. = .653) on

n n //

n /
1 ( X = 4.24, S.D. = .829)
2 ( X = 4.16, S.D. = .894)
n /
3 ( X = 4.12, S.D. = .885) o
n / o ( X = 3.93,

S.D. = .882)
2.3
n o
r nn ( X = 4.14, S.D. = .678) on
n
n
1( X = 4.25, S.D.=

n
n /
.866)

n
2 ( X = 4.24, S.D. = .748) o
o 3 ( X = 4.16, S.D. = .880)
o o n
o ( X = 3.99, S.D. = .884)
2.4
n o

n nn ( X = 4.17, S.D. = .622) o

n 1 ( X = 4.41, S.D. = .787)
n /
2 ( X = 4.40, S.D. = .778)
3 ( X = 4.24, S.D.=
n r,
n ,r
.782) o
n
n
r,
( X = 3.99, S.D. = .893)

152
2.5

n o

nn ( X = 3.99, S.D. = .635) on

n o /o
n /o

n
n /o
n 1 ( X = 4.24, S.D. = .795)

o 2 ( X = 4.09,
n n r
n /o
S.D. = .816)
r 3 ( X = 4.07, S.D. = .832)
n o (nn
n / o
o
5 - 7 ) ( X = 3.83, S.D. = .873)
2.6
n o

r nn ( X = 4.00, S.D. = .667) o

n /
n
n
n
n /o
1 ( X = 4.12, S.D. = .857)
n
o
n o 2 ( X = 4.07,
n / r
S.D. = .897)
n /o/o
3 ( X = 4.04, S.D. = .832) o
( X = 3.92, S.D. = .917)
2.7
n

r n ( X = 4.08, S.D.= .547)

3. r
n

r n

3.1 r
n

n
o n

n o
n
n

n .05

n o
n n

n n .05

o

153
n
3.1.1 o n 5,000
o
n o o 5,001 10,000
n n
n
n
o
.05
n

3.1.2 1 5
n 10
n n
n
n
o
.05
3.2 r
n

o n
n
n
n
o
o
n
n .05

n
n
n

n

.05 1 5 o
n
n
n 6 10 n n

.05
3.3 r
n

o r n
n
n
n
o

n
n .05
r
n o
n
n
n

n
n .05
or
n
or
n o
o n 5,000 n
o 10,001 20,000 o 5,001 10,000 n
n o o 10,001 20,000
o r
n
o
o 5,001 10,000 n
n o o 30,000
n n
n
n
r
.05
3.4 r
n

o n n
n

n n

n
n
n .05
o

154
n o
n
n
n

n
n .05
or
n o
n

n
o n 5,000
n
n n
n
n
no 10,001 20,000
.05
3.5 r
n

o
n
n

n
n
o
n
n

.05
n on

n o
n

n n

.05
n
3.5.1 n 20

n 20 40
o
n

n
n 20 o
n n
n
n .05
41
3.5.2 / n
n o ././
o
n
o
/
n o
n n
n
n

.05
n
3.5.3 /
n / /
o o
n
on o
/

n
o
/
n /
n

n
o
/
n
o
n /r o

n n
n
oo
n /

n
n .05

155
n n
3.5.4 o n 5,000
n o 10,001 20,000 n
o
n
n

o n 5,000
n o 30,000
n n
n
n
o
.05
3.5.5 n 1 n

n 6 10
o
n

1 5 o
n 6 10
n
n
n n

.05
3.6 r
n

o r n
n

n
n

n .05
on
n on
n n

r
n
n .05
o
n
3.6.1 n 20
n 20 40
or
n
or n
n 20
n n
n
n .05
41
n n
3.6.2 o n 5,000
or no 10,001 20,000
n
n n
n
n .05

3.7 r
n

r n
n

n
n

n
n .05
r
n
n on

n
r
n
n
o
.05

156
3.7.1 n 20 n

n 20 40
r

n 20
r
n
n n
n
n .05
41
n n
3.7.2 o n 5,000

r
n o 10,001 20,000
n o 5,001 10,000
n
n

n
r
no 10,001 20,000
n
n

o 20,001 30,000

n
n n
r
n o 10,001 - 20,000
n
n .05

n
3.7.3 n 1

n 6 -10
r

1- 5
r
n
6 10 1 5

n 10
n

r
n n
n
n .05

o
n
1. r

r
r n

n 6 o
r

o o o
n
r o
o
or r o
o o o
n
n n r
n o
o (2540 : 3)
o o o

157
o o o
o o

n onn
n o
r
o oo 4
n

ror

n
or rr
o
o ( 2) ..2535
or ..2505

n o or
or
o 6 oo
n
n

n r

o
n rn r
o (2527 : 277) o
n
n oo
n o
n

n

n
n

o ro
n
n n

n 3
n

n n r

n o
r

n n o

r o
oo o
n o (.. 2527 : 34) oo
n n

r r r
r o o
o o (2527 : 79) on
n
r o o o
on o (2526, o
n rnr
o 2543 : 25)
n oo
n
o
n

o r o
on

n
n

n n o
n oo
(.. 2527 : 34) o

158

n
o
on
r

n
n oo

n
o o o

n r
oo
o
n oo oo o r

n o r
o

n o o o


o

n r o
on
n on oo
4
n
o o

n or

o o
n
o o o o r (2529 : 1-3)
n
n
n
n
n

n
o
o o r
n
n
r
r o

n o

n n r
n
(2537 : n)
o

n
n
r o oo
n
o

o n

n r o 1 o
n
n
no
3 r
n

o r rno
n

o
o
(2549 :
n
n rn
59 - 61) nr
o n o
r 6 o o o o o

159
on oo
n n
o
o o

n
n
o
r o

n
ro o
ro
n n
o o r o
n
roo

oo
n
o r

n n
r (2529 : 1-3) o
n
n r
n

n

r
o

o
n n

o
n
n n r
n o
oo

n
n
o
oo

n oo

r
n

ro o
n
n
ro
o

oo o (2547 : n) o
n
oo
n
n o n
o
n

o
o
n
r
ro
n o
n
n or n
oo
n o
n

ro or
o
o

160
2. r
n

r n

n
n
r

n
n

r
n
n
n

n or

n
n o
r
n
r o
o
o r n
n
r

n
o o
o

n

n
n
o
r

n on
n

n
n
n
r
o
n n 20
n
o

n 20 40 n
r

n
20
r

41 n n 20 nn
n o o n n

n
r
r o
r o o
n

o
n o
n

o

n
n

(Ideal Role)
(Actual
n on
Role) o

n o

o
n o
n n 1

n

n 6 -10

n
n o

(Ideal Role)
(Actual Role) o
n
n

161
n o o
n
n

n
n
n n
r
o

n n
oo n
r
on o o
n
o
r o
or no oo
n
n
n
4
n n r n

n
n n o
o
n o ono
n

n n o rn o o

n oo
o
n
n
o
o
o
o o
n 6
1.
o o o
n
o
o r o
or r
n
n
n o o

o
n
o o o
n o
n on /
ro n
6 o
n
/

r
n o
2.
n
o
n

r
o
n
r
n o
n
or o

n
o
o
or o

162
n
n o
n

n
oo
n no o oo o
3.
n

n n o r


n

n o

o
no n
n

r
rooo
o ro
o
n
o
n ro

4. no
n o /
n n o
rr on
n
o //
n r

r o
n
n /
rn
o
o n
1. oo

n
o r

oo r
o
n or
2. n
o
o
3. / o r
n
n

4. n

n
n r
o

oro r

163

r o r. . : r
, 2527.
r . rno
n n r.
ono
r r
, 2526.
. 0112 . r 6.
: ro, 1533.
n n
. ro

r ..2505. .
r n, 2543.
n . n
n
r r
o
o. r

, 2544.
n . r

n , 2526.
.
r r . r
r
, 2549. ()
r r. r. r
rr r, 2522.
r. . r
rr r, 2521.
n . o n
r
, 2547.

164
r no. :
n r , 2525.

r. n
n : n r
or
.. ( o). : , 2540.
. no oo
. : rn o, 2510.

r . r r
.
r , 2539.
r o. . :
, 2530.
r . . : rr, 2530.
. o n
o .
r r, 2545.
r . r
11
o : , 2537.
n
. n
3
1. r ( ).
, 2541.

o.
r , 2535.
. : r
r .
r, 2529.
o . o
n

o

. r
r, 2547.

165
o ..2535).
r . r .. 2505 (
: rr, 2536.
r r. o : on .
. r
, 2550.

.

o o .
r .. (). :
, 2543.
r. . : r
, 2543.
. . : r
. 2548.
r . . : r, 2540.

n .r 2. :
. r
o
o, 2540.
. : n r, 2521.
.
. o n
r . r
, 2548.
( ).
r. r . : r
, 2542.

( ). () r

. : rrr, 2551.
n 4 1
: r, 2539.
n .
(r s ).
n r
no
. : , 2540.

166
( ) .r .
o ..2535). :
r .. 2505 (
. r. r 9. : r
, 2543.
. r. r 9. : r
, 2543.
. (.. ). . : , 2543.
n
(r).

r ( s ). r
, 2549.
r (.. ). . r 5. :
r (), r (), 2550.
. rn. r

r, 2540.
o. r .
r
, 2545.
n r

r.
. r
, 2542.
n

r .
. r
, 2551.
r . r .
n
r
r 9-11
2512. : ... , 2513.
. r
rn . r
, 2548.

167
. r : r

. r
, 2542.
.r .. 2489 2530. r
, 2534.
n
n
.
:
. r

, 2543.
r .
. r
, 2548.
n ). n
s (
( r s , - o).
r
, 2543.
r . r:
. r


r, 2538.
. r 2 o (2541-2560).
r rr
r, 2541.
r ( ). r. (... , ...)
.
r 4. r
, 2543.
. . r 2. :
r r, 2530.
. : r, 2527.
. r

168
. r r. r 2. :
r, 2527.
. r :
n . r
, 2537.
r (r). n
( ). r
, 2543.
n
.

n (). r
:
, 2536.
r r. r. r 8. :
, 2543.
r . r. : r
, 2533.
. r. :
, 2527.
r. r . :
, 2529.
n :
. rrn
n
n . r

, 2523.
n . r. :
n , 2526.
r

. o

n

n - :
r, 2540.
r. r o
. : , 2516.

. n r
. :
, 2525.

169
r r :
. : rr
, 2541.
n
n
. n
o

. r
, 2542.
. . : , 2526.
n
r. o
oo r
n

. r
.
() , 2546.
. ..2525.r 3. :
r r, 2530.
. ..2542 :
p r r, 2546.

r. r
:
. r
, 2540.
n
n . o

. r .. (r) :
, 2540.
r rr. o
n. r
n, 2539.
. : r, 2527.
. r
.o n
r.r r
r, 2540.

n .
.
(
n 24), 2528.

170
. : r
o r rrr
n. n : r, 2535.
. n
o . r

, 2543.
. r
n
r
.
r r r, 2538.
r . r
. oo
n, 2542.
n
. o no

1.

r
, 2548.
o . r

n
o: o
n
ro
ro .
r
, 2533.
r. oro. r 9.
n , 2545.
: r

r r
r.
r
, 2535.
r . r 200 . : r r, 2524.
r. . : r, 2524.

171
n

r . r
r. r r
rr r, 2514.
r 9.
r
n, 2530.
r . o n
:

. rr
r, 2541.
o. o o oo
. r
, 2550.
. . : , 2525.
. o n
r . r
r r, 2545.
n
. ro
o
o 5 .
r , 2544.
o. r
n

9 . :
, 2545.
n
. orn
. r r
r, 2516.
. r
o. r
n
n
o. :
, 2527.
r o. . : , 2541.

172
n. r: r
r 16. r
r, 2541.

r . r
. : r
r, 2525.

. o

. rr

r, 2541.
r. r ..2500 2520.
r
, 2526.
r r. . :
, 2517.
r . o r
. r
r r, 2529.
n
. o

. : r, 2528.
n . . : ro o
n

, 2545.
n
. r . : oo
, 2526.
n
. n

o , 2546.

173
n

Maslow, Abraham H. Motivation and Personality. New York : Harper and Brothers, 1954.
Allport, G.W. Pattern and Growth in Personality. New York : Holthrine Heart and Winston
inc, 1964.
Bandura, Albert. Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 1977.
Blanchard. Wendell. Thailand : Its People, Its Society, Its Cultute. New Haven,
Connecticut : Human Relations Area Files, Inc, 1958.
Broom Leonard and Selznick Phillp. Socoilogy. New York : Marper and Row, 1977.
Goldenson, Robert M. Longman Dictionary of Psychology and Psychiatry. New York :
Longman, 1984.
Kidd , J.R., How Adult learn. New York : Accociation Press, 1973, p.272.
Luthans, Fred. Organization Beharier. New York: Me Graw - Hill, 1992.
Knowles, Malcolm S. The Modren Practice of Adult Education :from Pedagogy
to Andragogy. Chicage : Follett Publishing Co. , 1980.
Maslow, A.H. A Theory of Human Motivation . Cincinnat: South Western
Publishing, 1980.
Sill, D.L. Introductional Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York : The MaMillan
Co.,1968.
Sunthon, Kohtbantau. Adult Education in Thailand : A Needs Assessment. Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Oregon, 1978.
Yamane, Taro. Statistics : An Introductory Analysis. 2nded. New York : Harper & Roe
Inc., 1969.

174

175

176
o

n
o 3
1.o

2.o

3. o

n oo
o 49 n 6 n

10 .. 2552

n r


25 .. 2552
r
n r

r
28 .. 2552

177

(IOC)

178

Index of Item Objective Congruence

n o
2

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